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Basic algebra. Haha last time I used calculus was in college. </s>

I use the Darcy-Weischbach equations to calculate pressure loss using friction factors. But in reality I did that once and programmed it into a spreadsheet and now I just hit a macro. Also it's incredibly hard to find roughness values of certain items like coiled nylon hose. </s>

<s>[INST] Engineers, what is the most "advanced" formula that you have used in a calculation at work? What did you use it for? [/INST]

Have ~~no~~ you not had an HD Voice (aka Wideband Audio) call? Most all carriers support it now, ~~by~~ but it's only if both parties have the same carrier and supported devices. T-Mobile even has a more advanced audio quality feature for a handful of phones. As for why normal calls are low quality, because that's what is decent enough to understand people, and improving that quality is way too expensive compared to implementing Wideband Audio which simply uses VoIP (the VoLTE setting on your phone). </s>

Also: it's got to be compatible with all phones on the network; theoretically your call might be digitised then turned analogue then digitised then turned analogue then digitised then sent analogue down a 100-year-old rusty copper line into a 50 year old handset. Lower common denominator. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: How have we come so far with visual technology like 4k and 8k screens but a phone call still sounds like am radio? [/INST]

Because the other answers did not make this explicit, I want to point out that chickens being descended from dinosaurs also means they *literally are* dinosaurs. Dinosaurs weren't a thing that ended. They are the group of organisms which share a particular common ancestor, and chickens qualify exactly as much as ankylosaurs or utahraptors. When people say chickens are dinosaurs, they're not just being cute, they're being completely accurate. If this is at all confusing, it's the same as how we say humans are apes, primates, mammals, vertebrates, eukaryotes, etc. We are all these things. They are just categories at different levels of grouping. Like how Paris is in France and Europe and on Earth all at once. </s>

>Why aren’t Bats, Snakes, Apes ,Turtles Because they're not descended from dinosaurs and birds are. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Chickens are constantly called living dinosaurs. Why aren’t Bats, Snakes, Apes ,Turtles...mostly all animals called living dinosaurs if there were versions of that same animal walking the earth millions of years ago? [/INST]

I defended in the early months of this year and got a pretty prestigious postdoc; when I arrive in my new town next month I'm buying myself a celebratory Le Creuset dutch oven. I can at least sell the dutch oven if I don't get a job after my postdoc to cover some expenses. It's like a dowry for academics. </s>

I bought chicken nuggets, french fries, and a diet coke, and took the best 2 hour nap of my life. </s>

<s>[INST] Did you buy yourselves a nice gift when you defended your PhD? I was talking to a fellow grad student recently and she told me she’s been planning to buy herself a really nice pair of shoes when she defends, as a gift to herself for making it through. I defend in a little over a month and I can’t stop thinking about this. I feel like I should commemorate this milestone with something that I can hold onto forever but I’m at a loss for ideas. Have you ever given yourself a really nice gift either for defending or reaching some other academic milestone? If so, what was it? [/INST]

1. Steadily less state funding in UK and US 2. Ever-increasing administrative strata 3. Increased pay and benefits for executive class 4. Massive infrastructure investment to attract and accommodate ever-increasing intake </s>

In Oregon, a huge part of it is that the state schools went from being 90% publicly funded to 10% publicly funded. </s>

<s>[INST] Why has college become so expensive over the last 40 years? How and why could the price of attending college rise over 5x the rate of inflation- where does all the money go? What’s changed between now and then in the university business model? [/INST]

My brother who is a sleep tech described it like this. Imagine your brain is a battery. You can charge it up to 100%, but you can't go any higher. On days where you are sleep deprived you haven't fully charged your battery yet and it can keep taking a toll on you. Poor sleeping habits and health issues can prevent your battery from every charging to 100 until you get it resolved. </s>

>A previous posters question raised another question for me. I understand that human beings can experience sleep deficit, but why can we not build up a sleep surplus? Sleep isn't a resource that can be amassed. It serves the function of maintenance and repair. What isn't *damaged* can't be repaired, what doesn't *require* maintenance won't benefit from maintenance. </s>

<s>[INST] Eli5 Why we cannot build a sleep surplus? A previous posters question raised another question for me. I understand that human beings can experience sleep deficit, but why can we not build up a sleep surplus? [/INST]

A ruler. </s>

My husband and I are both engineers and he was impressed as hell when I dusted off my sewing machine to make us some masks. He was like, “I didn’t know you really knew how to use that!” Surprise, bitch! </s>

<s>[INST] In your career as an engineer, what tool have you found surprisingly useful? (regardless of price) Whether it's a small item or a large one, cheap or expensive, what tool has turned out to be surprisingly useful to you? [/INST]

Generally a star exists because it has reached Hydrostatic Equilibrium. The gravity trying to crush the star from its mass is perfectly balanced with the nuclear forces trying to blow it apart. It exists as a plasma, an electrically charged gas. </s>

Gravity. The center of mass of the ENTIRE solar system (all the planets, asteroids, moons, etc) is more or less right next to the core of the sun, slightly offset from the center. So you can imagine how much gravity would be pulling on the gas, preventing it from escaping into space </s>

<s>[INST] This may sound a bit silly, but how does the sun not fall apart if it's entirely made out of gas? [/INST]

I’m pretty sure there’s Nazi’s in Mystery Incorporated In one animated movie they capture Dr Jonathan Crane (DC supervillain scarecrow) in the opening Edit: not nazi, 19th century German inventor made robots the gang encountered </s>

Insurance fraud impacts us all and results in skyrocketing premiums. I vote that. </s>

<s>[INST] [Scooby Doo] What is the worst thing crime-wise that a Scooby Doo villain has done? Most villains I remember where mostly committing fraud or stealing something Valuable or dressing up to scare people away from something. Was there ever a Scooby-Doo Villain who did something more nefarious like murder or assault? [/INST]

Jeans absorb the water which expands the fibers and makes them bigger and more frictious. Water on glassware isn't actually absorbed so it just sits there, where it I'll just slip away </s>

It all depends on the material you are working with. Water is actually a very polar substance, it's why it's a terrible lubricant. Meaning it has a high likelihood of being attracted to and sticking to most other materials, including itself. The one big exception is non-polar materials, which includes most glass and plastics. In these cases the water is trying not to Interact with the surface to the point where it will bead up and roll off. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why does water make some things more slippery(like condensation on glassware) and some things less slippery(like wet jeans)? [/INST]

Lots of "US announced first" on here but it has to do with miniaturization as well. The US was all in on getting rocket based nukes on subs and making the warheads smaller. The USSR was more into bigger booms and larger rockets. When it came to building an ICBM, the Soviet R7 could lift 5500kg into low earth orbit and the Vostok could do around 5000kg. The US had the Juipter (non LEO), the Juno/Vanguard rockets (12kg to LEO) and a year later the SM-65 Atlas (1,100kg) Basically, the US had the more advanced and lighter warheads while the USSR had the bigger rockets. </s>

The main guy in charge of the Soviet space program was named Korolov. He died before the moon race really kicked off but was very much responsible for the other achievements. When he died there was no one even remotely close to operating at his level. Took them a good long while to get back on track. That was part of it. </s>

<s>[INST] Eli5: why was the US the first to make it to the moon despite the USSR being first in nearly everything else in the Space Race? [/INST]

I guess it's time to have a bizarrely long discussion on this topic again. Here are four previous extensive posts: 1, 2, 3, 4. The mods will come by and lock it in a few hours after it's devolved into petty arguments. </s>

I started working saute station at a restaurant and I thought the same thing and would remove the tails. But days the chef was working, I'd see his shrimp dish and it looked so much better. Shrimp didn't look pathetically small, so I left them on from then on. They do shrink a lot more. personally if I was making it at home I'd remove them though. </s>

<s>[INST] Why do so many places serve shrimp dishes like shrimp pasta with the tails still on? I have to start my meal digging through the dish taking the tails off, and I’m seeing this more and more over time, and I’m starting to think there is a reason. Are we supposed to eat the tails? [/INST]

Saying delta instead of the difference between. </s>

Megafucked and gigafucked. </s>

<s>[INST] What engineering terms have crept into your everyday vocabulary? [/INST]

This thread is the most NY post I've ever read. Y'all arguing over burroughs, bodegas, and where you get "the good stuff" and the subject matter is puff freaking pastry. </s>

Trader Joe’s!!! 3.99 made with real butter </s>

<s>[INST] People always say to buy puff pastry because it is cheap and readily available, but where do people find this stuff? I always made my own puff pastry because, well, I don't have another choice, but it would be nice to be able to buy some when I run out in a hurry or something. Making a batch takes a while. I live in a small town in suburban NYC, and my options for store brought puff pastry is pretty much only stuff made from margarine and frankly tastes awful. To add insult to injury, even this low-quality junk cost $5 a pound, which is pretty expensive. If I make the trek to whole foods, there are puff pastry made with butter, but at an eye-watering $15 per pound. Is it just NYC? Does the rest of the world have ready access to quality and affordable puff pastry? [/INST]

There are lots of different learning styles. Watching a video helps me more than reading. But.... Doing the experiment helps me more than watching it. </s>

Yes </s>

<s>[INST] Do you think people learn science better if they watch visual explanations rather than read tough jargon filled texts? [/INST]

Whenever it’s an essential service, reach out to the department of health. In all probability there is a law that says you must have water in a rental. </s>

Not sure of your jurisdiction, but as a landlord here we are required to maintain a habitable dwelling. That includes water. For short interruptions ( a few days) we would truck in water tanks. Sometimes it's easier to cut a deal for them to stay elsewhere during or provide a motel room. </s>

<s>[INST] My landlord had plumbers come shut my water of to do construction work.The neighbor told me we will be with out water for the next two weeks.The landlord never told me anything.He told me to shower with a bucket and my rent is increasing help I don’t know what to do. I have no water can shower cook or anything.been living there for 12 yrs never missed a payment cans I with hood rent how can I handle this the right way. [/INST]

>Why do these places only sell to other businesses? Try another one? I shop at the local restaurant supply all the time. </s>

if you know someone in the industry you can use their info (with their permission of course). there's also the Costco business center. regular Costco members have access and can get stuff that is usually only sold to restaurants. </s>

<s>[INST] Why are Restaurant Supply Stores Business-only? Any way around this? There's certain ingredients in my area that can only be found at a local restaurant supply store. I don't have a business but I cook a lot for friends and give out tons of food for the holidays. Honestly this is just a hobby for me, my day job pays way more than cooking ever could, and I don't feel I'm good enough to charge for the food anyway. So I intend for it to stay a hobby. But... I really want access to that sweet sweet Callebaut coveture chocolate that the store sells, as well as a few other things I can't find anywhere else. Why do these places only sell to other businesses? My money is just as green as everyone else's. Do I really need to file for a business license for this? This seems like overkill. [/INST]

Lots of great answers here, one thing I want to highlight is that when a wind sail is pierced it loses more effectiveness than the amount of area lost. This is because the difference in air pressure that causes the sail to generate lift also forces more through the gap, increasing drag and decreasing lift. With a solar sail it is generating impulse through radiation pressure, reflecting photons to gain momentum. This means as long as the sail is still structurally intact you get the full impulse from every photon that strikes the sail. Also there is no "photon drag" on the sail due to a non aerodynamic surface. It's a case where the name analogy breaks down because each propulsion method is different in a pretty fundamental way, despite a similar appearance. </s>

They don't avoid debris, except in the macro sense where they might avoid an area of known debris but that's just thruster maneuvering. They actually are designed so that if you punch a hole in the panel only the local area to the damage stops working and the rest of the panel is unaffected. </s>

<s>[INST] With solar sails being so thin, how do they avoid being punctured by tiny space debris? [/INST]

Your only real worry is raw meat. Typically we only use one hand for touching/manipulating the meat and the other usually knife hand to season. If that makes any sense to you. Plus you know Salt kills just about everything. </s>

If your hands are too dirty to reach in the bowl, they probably need to be washed. To me that means I've just been dealing with raw meat or they're covered in breading that I don't want gumming up the rest of the bowl If you feel gross reaching in, pour some into your hand first then sprinkle </s>

<s>[INST] I have been trying to use a salt bowl after reading the salt section of Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat. I love the improvement of flavour, for sure, but chefs of Reddit, how do you keep them sanitary? I feel like I am washing and drying my hands every time I want to use it, which is often at a crucial moment in a recipe, when I could just grab my salt shaker and wipe it down after. [/INST]

Kills bacteria without damaging tissue. Hydrogen peroxide is the very worst thing to use on cuts or sores as it damages soft tissue. </s>

My dogs toe was so swollen it was bursting at the seams but all that local vets were booked. My brother is a vet and told me to soak it twice a day in warm salt water. By the time an appointment was available my dogs toe was better. Salt water helps so many things and is practically free. It’s the best. Salt water baths are really relaxing. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: why does salt water help in healing mouth ulcers or any oral surgery with tear in gums or cuts inside cheeks [/INST]

Variation in crossing over in the production of gametes would lead to differences in the genetic makeup of child A/C and B/D. However, since the parental or recombinant gametes could be the product of either couple, there's no way to detect paternity (assuming there are no significant epigenetic changes in any of the parents). </s>

And although those two kids would be first cousins, they could genetically be considered siblings. </s>

<s>[INST] [Genetics] A and B are identical twins. C and D are identical twins. A marries C and B marries D. A and C have a kid, B and D have a kid. If I tested the DNA of A/Cs kid, would it show that A/C are its parents as well as B/D? [/INST]

The Thing can also cut off the oxygen to your brain with little effort. </s>

I would say Thing's biggest feat involves his battle with The Champion, one of the elders of the universe, who said he'd destroy the earth if he lost. Naturally, Grimm had no chance whatsoever. But even beaten to a pulp and having to crawl along the floor with his arms, he kept challenging The Champion to go again, to the point the Champion realised that while he could swat Ben like a bug, he could never *defeat* him, and gave him the win. He's the moral core of the group, and one of the most determined and dedicated heroes in the MU. That's what's impressive about him, not his powers. </s>

<s>[INST] [Marvel] Mr. Fantastic has used his intellect to save the multiverse. Sue Storm could cut off the oxygen to my brain with little effort. The Human Torch once took over the Negative Zone single-handedly. Why should I be impressed by the Thing? He can take a punch from the Hulk? So can many superheroes. That's not impressive these days. [/INST]

Never invite the police into your home. Do not speak to the police. Get a lawyer and let them handle it. Police want to press charges not help. </s>

Are you looking for your mom to pick up some additional charges? That seems like a good way to make that happen. Talk to a real-life in person criminal defense attorney and not internet dogs. </s>

<s>[INST] Mom went to prison and there's possibly still paraphernalia and stolen goods in the house I'm unsure which flair fits here so I'll change it if I'm told to. My wife and I are moving into my mom's house while she is in prison, the only problem is that we have already found paraphernalia and have been informed that the shed is full of stolen goods. I've been talking with my grandmother about how to handle this and we think having the police do a sweep of the house might be a good idea but we don't know. Would that be a good idea? I don't know what else we could do. We are in Arkansas if that changes the answers you can give. Any and all help will be greatly appreciated. [/INST]

Put it in a sauce. The extra starch and emulsifiers will make a very stable emulsion. Some ideas: Beer Cheese Soup, Brocolli Cheese Soup, Sauce Mornay with cream and no roux, or warm appetizer dip with cream cheese/quark and whatever veggie/meat bits you want to add. You could also bowl chop/food processor it with real cheese and make a cold pack type cheese spread. </s>

Paha r/kitchenconfidential might have a use for it, they're uh... creative. </s>

<s>[INST] What to Do with 15lbs of Imitation Cheddar We ordered extra melt and got this instead. Vendor gave us a credit and said keep the product. We have 3 15lb bags I was given one. It doesn't taste bad, but it won't really melt at all. I was thinking pimento cheese but it just feels kinda low effort. Looking for suggestions! [/INST]

Pissing people off because they prefer being right as opposed to being tactful. This article has had a large positive impact on my life. </s>

Not asking other engineers in your office when you have questions. A lot of posts on this subreddit from rookies are questions they should be asking their managers. The internet is a great resource, but the best resources are the experienced engineers working in your office. And if you are working at a company that doesn't offer you that educational resource, find somewhere else to work as soon as you can. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the most common rookie engineering mistakes? [/INST]

People don't even recognize Zoey Deschanel without bangs. I think literally any mask is probably fine. </s>

So, Hugh Jackman, right? Also Hugh Jackman. And Mr. Jackman. Hugh Jackman with fish. Musical Hugh Jackman. Piratical Hugh Jackman. Sirius Hugh Jackman. Nerdy Hugh Jackman. If something like hairstyle and facial expression changes can transform a dude so completely, imagine what happens when you take away the entire area around their eyes. Does Hugh Jackman look like Hugh Jackman sometimes? Sure. Does Hugh Jackman's Wolverine look anything like Hugh Jackman in Butter? Kinda, but not to the point where I'd go "Oh! That's Wolverine selling used cars!" Expression, attitude, dress, and style mean a *lot*. </s>

<s>[INST] [Superheroes] Has anyone ever done as study to determine which masks better conceal identity? Is a "domino" mask like Robin's or Green Lantern's even remotely useful? Does Batman's mask, which conceals his hair, more disguising than Falcon's, which leaves his hair exposed? [/INST]

Bison show signs of mourning as well as grief when members of their herd would die. I grew up on a bison ranch, as a kid i would watch them mourn when this would happen. They would also run laps around the pasture "stampeding" as my pops would put it. This would go on for a week, sometimes two. The most intense would be the first few days, they didnt want anything to do with people for those few days. Whenever i would feed them around that time they would ram the fence like they were angry. It was clear that when any one of them would die, the rest would become distressed and very sad. </s>

Honey bees have "undertaker" bees whose job it is to drag the dead out, fly them a bit, and drop them. I am a beekeeper. I can accidentally squish a bee, and within seconds another bee will be dragging out its carcass. Bees also sometimes follow a behavior called altruistic dying. When they know its their time to die, and /or they are infected with a disease, they will fly away from their hive, just to die. This is most apparant in the dead of winter, when you see bees committing obvious suicide by flying out into the freezing cold. </s>

<s>[INST] Do any other species besides humans bury their dead? [/INST]

It’s not half the time it takes to decay, it’s the time it takes for half the substance to decay, it’s more like halving-life the reason you can’t measure the “full life” is because it’s exponential, the more you have the faster it decays, the less, the slower, which is why it takes the same time to decay one half no matter the size you have So you can basically keep dividing in two forever, after 2 half-lives you have 1/4 th of the original, after 3 you have 1/8 th and so on, since there’s a huge amount of atoms it’s almost impossible for them to all decay </s>

The half-life isn't the half-way point. That is, if something has a half-life of 5 years, that doesn't mean it all decays in 10 years, it means that it takes 5 years for half the substance to decay. In the next 5 years half the remaining substance will decay, and so forth. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: What is the reason radioactive decay is measured in half-life’s instead of just using the elements “full-life”? Is there something special about the halfway point? Does the decay happen at a steady pace or exponentially? [/INST]

The real question is how soybeans came to be cultivated? Coffee and cocoa may not taste great when raw, but eating soybeans raw can make you sick, and even kill you. </s>

We live in an age of food surplus that man as a whole has never known. Famine and hunger were common problems in our past. People have literally tried to eat every imaginable form of life on our planet in order to avoid starvation. There is even a protocol for experimenting with unknown plants to see if they can be ingested. Touch your skin, then more and more prolonged interaction until likelihood of toxicity or allergy may be discerned. The question for me is how many natural foods have we destroyed or forgotten as we moved into a factory farm system? </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Coffee and cocoa beans are awful raw, and both require significant processing to provide their eventual awesomeness. How did this get cultivated? [/INST]

I keep getting requests for open jobs in the city. Not sure what the deal is, but every one has been below market value. Some more than 50% under what I currently make. I think there’s some real exploitation going on with engineering in NYC. I had one last week for a MEP company, as a commissioning MANAGER. A job I can do pretty well, except the pay was 65k. Not even kidding, 5-8 years experience was a requirement. To answer the question, 8 yoe, EE, 65ish an hour and add union benifits, in the greater NYC area. The P&C world is really hurting for people willing to do field work right now. </s>

Got an offer last year for a design engineer at MakerBot for $75k in Brooklyn I laughed them off and hung up. </s>

<s>[INST] Engineers working in NYC, how much do you make and how is your benefits package? [/INST]

Telling consumers “Stop buying stuff that is bad” works slightly better than telling companies “Stop making stuff that people pay you money for.” </s>

If we stop buying single-use plastic products there won't be profitability in its manufacture, so manufacture will decrease. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why is there such an emphasis on not consuming plastics and other harmful products rather than on their manufacture? The bottle of water (or other product) is already made and therefore it will become a waste product at some point. Why the emphasis on not consuming it instead of pushing for the reduction of manufacture? [/INST]

4-letter robot names are just fragments of long serial numbers. Case in example, R2-D2 could be R2-D2987-Q9882S-F270712 </s>

It's not a 4 digit alphanumeric name. It's (series)+(designation). R2-D2 is an R2-series droid and has the designation "D2". This ordering is the convention for most droids. C-3PO however is the other way around, being a 3PO unit with designation "C", which probably meant something to the droid's creator, who apparently built it out of spare parts. Since anyone can apparently build and designate a droid based on established schematics and without consulting to see if there are other droids with the same designation, it's likely there are droids with the same "name" in the galaxy. And anyway: push comes to shove you can always add more digits. You really think there are only 9 BB units? Edit: Spelling </s>

<s>[INST] [Star Wars]Droid Naming Conventions: All (or most) droids I've seen in the Star Wars universe have a 4 digit alpha-numeric name. Does that mean there are only 1,679,616 droids at any one time in the galaxy? [/INST]

Blisters from chicken breasts? What are you slicing them with? A spork? </s>

Sharp knife/technique. I would literally cut ~100lbs of chicken every day working at a college. </s>

<s>[INST] Kitchen gadget to slice up chicken I eat a lot of chicken and meal prep it into ziploc bags (Costco breast chicken). I usually clean it and cut it up into small 1 inch by 1inch chunks but I start getting blisters by the end. Is there a machine/gadget that can do this for me? [/INST]

Do you understand what "semiautomatic" means? Because I've noticed that most people who oppose semiautomatic weapons do not. It means when you pull the trigger, a round is fired and the next round is chambered. This includes 99% of handguns in the US. Revolvers essentially do the same thing, just in a different way, so they are not classified as semiautomatic. </s>

You do know almost EVERY gun is either automatic or semiautomatic, right? Or are you saying we should only have bolt action rifles and pump shotguns? </s>

<s>[INST] CMV: There's no reason why any American citizen should be allowed to own automatic or semiautomatic guns. I'm not talking about shotguns, revolvers, or long rifles. I understand the biggest concern for gun owners is a) being able to hunt and b) being able to protect your home/self. I'm fine with both of these things. However, allowing Americans to purchase guns that were specifically designed to kill other people will only perpetuate more acts of mass murder like we seem to have every single week now. (I know shotguns were originally designed for war, but they've basically been adopted into home defense and hunting). [/INST]

Related question: When should you drink the water? All at once or a little at a time? As soon as you get it, or once you're really thirsty? </s>

It depends really on the type of dehydration. You will also need to replenish electrolytes as they are lost in a proportional amount to water. So for a very severe dehydration, I'm not sure a glass of water will do anything but relive the sensation of thirst and dry throat. He would be better off if that glass of water was used for "pre-hydrating" rather than the same amount being used to rehydrate. </s>

<s>[INST] A lone man is dying of thirst in the middle of a desert. How much more time does one glass of water buy him? Just wondering if a small amount of water would do much to help someone who is dying of dehydration? Or if by that point, would it be hopeless without medical intervention? [/INST]

Probably when he and Doom were roommates in college. Doom couldn't shut-up about it. </s>

Thanks to this really outdated fansite, I'm reasonably sure Reed first addresses magic in 1962's *Fantastic Four* \#5, "The Prisoners of Doctor Doom." He introduces Doom by saying "years ago, in my college days, there was a student named Victor von Doom, who was fascinated by sorcery and black magic!" He mentions a few panels later that Doom was "seeking forbidden secrets of black magic and sorcery," with no implication that he thought these forbidden secrets were fraudulent or non-existent. We might assume Doom was the first sorcerer he had met, but he never hints that he doubted the existence of black magic, so it may be that Reed always believed that there was real sorcery in the world. </s>

<s>[INST] [Marvel 616] When did Reed Richards first encounter magic, and how did he react to its existence? [/INST]

They are lying. No vet puts down a healthy cat, and rabies is highly contagious so they would want to ensure their dog wasn't infected by a rabid cat. Find the vet and get the real story. </s>

The cat is considered property so your friend could sue the neighbors for the value of the cat. </s>

<s>[INST] (MA) my cat got out last night and the neighbors took him in. When he attacked their dog today they had my cat put down. (posting on behalf of a friend). The cat got out last night and the neighbors claim they thought he was their cat. He doesn't get along with dogs and never had. He attacked their dog so they just assumed he was rabid and the vet didn't check the micro chip until AFTER killing the cat. [/INST]

Here's a really simple explanation. If I type this out: > XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX then it takes up a couple lines of space. But if I type this out: > The letter "X" one hundred times Then it conveys the exact same information, but in a way that takes up way less space. </s>

Compression takes time so we don't use it all the time. It probably isn't used as much as it should be, but whatever. So think of it this way. If I want to compress a text document I could look at all the words and see which are most common. I could then create a language where the most common words were the shortest. If I write the document in my new language the document would be smaller and is just need to have a dictionary to translate back to the original. This is what happens in compression, first an algorithm finds repeating series of data, then it looks at what data is most common, them it creates a dictionary to translate the most common data to shorter strings, then it just writes all this out to a file. Most files have a lot of redundancy in them so they commonly compress well. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: How do zip files compress information and file sizes while still containing all the information? [/INST]

Set up a spoof website that looks just like the directory website for your page, except it's poor_phd_student's Evil Twin as the name, and everything else is the same except you've drawn a moustache on your professional photo. </s>

The obvious answer </s>

<s>[INST] [Wrong Answers Only] What personal website to link to your department profile? My department gives us the option to add a personal website to our profile pages. Someone used to put a link to her online store there, and I thought it was both hilarious and awesome! I mean, the university has been exploiting our cheap labor, we might as well take advantage of their free advertising platform while we can! ;) Obviously I'm just indulging in some crazy fantasies here, but what else could we link to our department profiles? Instagram? A YouTube channel? A GoFundMe page for a "feed a poor grad student" fundraiser? Only Fans? ... I can't stop laughing at the idea of this last one hahaha [/INST]

I build helicopters. Many of them are used for search and rescue. I think the people who are saved by them would appreciate the product. </s>

I'm in R&D, developing new instruments for ocean scientists. I also occassionally get to go out to sea with the scientists to deploy new instruments to provide data for their studies. I like the fact that our team is contributing a tiny piece in the puzzle of understanding and managing our impacts on the planet. That was, and continues to be, a big part of the draw of this job. </s>

<s>[INST] Does anyone have a job they feel actually helps people or contributes significant good to the world? If so, what do you do? [/INST]

Better pots and pans, and learn the “turn off the heat” means pick up the pot (hopefully the will be a cool spot to put it down) </s>

We bought a house with an electric stove top and.... ugh, how I miss my flames. Investing in some good quality pots and pans has helped. It really is a matter of determining what really is medium, medium high, medium low heat. It takes time! Hang in there :) </s>

<s>[INST] I'm not a foodie, but my new wife is. Anything I can do to make spiral electric stove tops a better residential cooking experience? Are there replacement spiral stove tops that work better than others? Or is there an added accessory I can add to the stove top so that they work "better"? We are renting in an apartment high-rise, so no chance of extending the gas lines and replacing the stove. [/INST]

In Dian Fossey's book, *Gorillas in the Mist*, she notes that when a member of the troop dies some of the other members will attack and violate the dead body before leaving it and moving on. Dian Fossey hypothesized that they did so in an effort to elicit some sort of response from the now dead troop member. </s>

This should fill you in on the details tl;dr chimps understand and mourn death. mothers have been known to carry their dead infants for days to weeks after death. I do not know what the troop would do with body of a full grown member after a few days but I imagine that isn't a big issue since troops tend to move pretty often and it doesn't take long for nature to reclaim the body </s>

<s>[INST] What do chimpanzees and other apes do with the dead bodies of other apes? In response to the picture that made it to the front page (Dorothy), I am wondering if apes have funeral rituals. [/INST]

Once in the field their life experiences differ. In some cases greatly. Trauma, varying living conditions and levels of comfort, the other people they interact with, etc. all play a part in forming who they are. We never stop maturing and growing as people. </s>

In all honesty, basic genetics will do that. There's also variety in their day to day lives. Being the 13th in the queue at the mess hall instead of 12th, being last in the formation means more time on your feet, getting picked out for certain duty (e.g. 3 are picked to be heavy weapons guys, lugging around different equipment). Small differences mean big changes. </s>

<s>[INST] [Star Wars] The clone troopers are born (nature) and are brought up (nurture) the exact same way. And yet, personality traits and overall proficiency vastly differ from clone to clone. Why is that? One clone is more hot headed, one clone is better at electronics, one is a better shot while another is better at leadership. What brings about these differences? [/INST]

You know how in a lot of sci fi movies they pass through an asteroid field and the pilot has to maneuver the spaceship expertly to avoid colliding with the Asteroids? In real life, you can pretty much go through the Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter with your eyes closed and won't hit anything at all. In fact, you probably won't even _see_ an Asteroid unless you look through a nice telescope. Space is empty. _Really_ empty. Another way to think of it this: In about 4 billion years, Andromeda and Milky Way will collide with each other. Two galaxies with 500billion - 1 trillion stars _each_. The fascinating part? Even after the galaxies collide, pretty much none of the individual stars will hit _anything at all_. </s>

It is extremely unlikely for you to collide with anything in space. There is a gigantic amount nothing out there. So it's far more likely to drift through a near empty abyss without collisions. But in the unlikely event that you do end up heading towards a planet you don't know about, you'd feel it's gravity long before you hit it. So that's a warning sign. As for whether you can see it? Almost everything emits infrared light, so you probably have devices in your space ship that can detect that light, even if your naked eye can't. Also if you are in a galaxy, which is where most planets are, there will be stars nearby that light it up. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Is all of our universe... lit? Can you be hurtling through space and accidentally fly head first into a planet because oops you didn't have your headlights on? [/INST]

maple dijon glaze on Brussels sprouts and carrots. </s>

Maple Italian buttercream. We use it for some cakes and cinnamon macarons. </s>

<s>[INST] Received TWO barrel aged maple syrups for xmas, not sure how to best to use them without overshadowing the flavor One is whiskey barrel aged, the other is 'double apple brandy barrel aged'. I'm not typically a big fan of sweet things or desserts, though these are both delicious when sampling a little bit straight. I've tried adding some to a nice cup of coffee and it was barely noticeable; a little on top of my usual oatmeal breakfast at work was a decent addition but that's the best I've come up with so far. Canadians, come to my aid! How does one best make use of this stuff? [/INST]

He's a half-blood, Mudblood is reserved for muggleborns. While being a half-blood is not as respected as being a pure blood it's not seen as shameful either since most witches and wizards are half-bloods. And when it comes to bigoted hate groups your charisma gets you farther than your blood status and young Tom Riddle had plenty of that. Throw in the fact that he's also the last living heir to Slitherin and probably the most powerful wizard besides Dumbledore and it's no wonder that the pure blood supremacists flocked to him or at least were sympathetic to the cause. </s>

Extremism is rarely logical. ~~Adolf Hitler was neither German nor Aryan, yet espoused Aryan German superiority.~~ Cult leaders are fairly frequently hypocritical, partaking in activities they deny to their followers. </s>

<s>[INST] [Harry Potter] Why is Voldemort leader of the pure blood fanatics? Voldemort himself is the son of a witch and a muggle. That makes him a Mudblood. Why do all those pure blood fanatics not only accept him but even make him their leader? Why does HE himself even join that ideology? [/INST]

Well I know in Europe a master's degree is a requirement to get to chartered engineer status, so many unis have integrated bachelor's and master's in 5 year programs, and to keep up a lot of students who aren't in integrated programs will do a master's right after undergrad so they can compete with those from the integrated path that graduate with a bachelor's and a master's. </s>

This is highly dependent on your field. For me my masters degree was very important in finding my 'niche'. Also, for my girlfriend's company they don't even hire people without masters degrees in her role. </s>

<s>[INST] Can we stop pushing masters on students still in school, recent grads, or those with little to no industry experience? Masters degrees are speciality degrees. Telling someone with little to no industry experience to spend 2 more years in school, paying for it, I feel is not right. Most employers will pay for it, *if it's necessary*. Students have no idea if they'll actually like the work they do, so why push a specialization before they know they'll even like the work? Or even if they can get a job in the field. /rant [/INST]

Where he/she aiming to publish it? If its a communication in Nature/Science etc. then that's much better [for you and your career] than a full paper elsewhere. </s>

I'm not sure why you're disappointed - a communication is just a slightly shorter article. As long as it still contains all of the information and data you want to share, there is really no difference. Communications are not viewed as inferior to full papers, so I really wouldn't worry about it. If you are concerned or confused, just ask your advisor what caused their change of mind. </s>

<s>[INST] Advise: My PhD advisor wants to publish my work to a Communication instead of a Full Paper I need a little advise. My PhD advisor has decided that my work should be a communication instead of a full paper very last minute. The work is definitely enough for a full paper (5-7 figures, work is novel, multiple experiments), so I don’t really understand his rationale. This is my first, first-author manuscript and I’m just a little disappointed. Can anyone share their perspective on a decision like this? Will a communication look worse on my CV? [/INST]

5\. All of the above except 4. Edit: fixed number. </s>

Dead car's battery is being charged by your battery from the moment you connect the leads (circuit made), limited by the size of conductor in your jump cables. Your battery(and subsequently the dead cars battery) is being charged, limited by whatever wattage your alternator puts out. When you go to start the dead car, it uses your battery, it's battery, and your alternator, to spin the starter motor. </s>

<s>[INST] When you jump a dead car, which of the following is happening? 1. Dead car is using your battery to start. 2. Dead car is using your alternator to start. 3. Dead car is using your alternator to charge its battery enough to start. 4. None of the above. [/INST]

Batman could have been a dangerous criminal if history saved his parents but not his wealth. Could you imagine that intense focus if his parents gave everything they had to save Gotham, except nobody was thankful. </s>

Spider-Man would be an incredible cat burglar. His wall crawling, agility, and spider sense would make jewel heists trivial. He’d be a top tier assassin as well, but I think it’s more fun to imagine him as a globe trotting master thief. </s>

<s>[INST] [Superheroes] What are some examples of heroes that would be better suited for villainy? Based on their powers and/or personality [/INST]

It's not that "s" is used for when things are greater than 1, but that "s" is used for everything except 1. 0 elephants, 2 elephants, or 0.42635 elephants are all not 1 elephant, so they all get pluralized with the "s". </s>

Grammatically every numeral that is not 1 uses the plural. At least in english. You would say there are 0.9 elephants instead of there is 0.9 elephant as well. The reason it feels more comfortable to you is that learning the english language has trained you think that way. Other languages do it differently. And in casual english you could easily say something like there is no elephant at all. But if you use a numerical value it is just stuck in language and culture. Just a matter of being used to it. </s>

<s>[INST] eli5 why do we use "s" at the end of words with 0 quantity? 0 elephants 1 elephant 2 elephants 100 elephants I understand the "s" for quantities larger than 1 because it's plural (more than 1) -- but why for 0, which is less than 1? Why does it just "feel more comfortable" (including for me)? Is there a logical reason behind it? [/INST]

I think it’s pretty clear in the ATLA universe things tend to happen for a reason, so this situation would probably never happen, especially with the avatar state as a defense mechanism healing fatal wounds and fighting disease. That being said, if this did happen, I imagine that particular past life wouldn’t be very helpful to the current avatar, but they would understand at some point, as past lives know basically as much as the current avatar plus their own wisdom, and possibly the wisdom of avatars before them. </s>

Raised by the other avatar spirits? You might actually get an interesting and useful perspective as the new avatar from a person who has spent their whole "life" as a spirit, with only a brief period as a human. </s>

<s>[INST] [Avatar] If an Avatar dies young, as a child for example, how they would act when the next Avatar enters the Avatar State to talk to their previous reincarnations? Would the child Avatar understand what’s happening? Like, if the kid dies before even knowing they were the Avatar, by an accident or a disease. Or even after they knew, but didn’t had time to train or get wiser. [/INST]

bostonjerk and dwight are right: never let food sit in the danger zone (40-140F) for more than 2 hours. If there is a hot plate that you need to cool, it's best to cool it as quickly as possible. Divide the food up into shallow tupperwares, and then put them in the freezer to cool or put it on an ice bath for about 15 mins, then put it in the refrigerator. </s>

The main reason people sometimes do this is if the food is still hot to the extent it would warm up the rest of the fridge. As had already been stated, room temp is basically the ideas temp for bacteria to grow, so ye..... </s>

<s>[INST] My girlfriend insists on letting her restaurant leftovers cool to room temperature before she puts them in the refrigerator. She claims it preserves the flavor better and combats food born bacteria. Is there any truth to this? [/INST]

You learned about touch, sight, smell, taste, and hearing in school, but we have many, many more senses than that. ~~Preconception~~ Proprioception, for example, which is how you can touch your nose with your eyes closed. Humans have internal circadian clocks that act like another sense. It's how you can have a rough idea of what time it is without looking at a clock. Obviously it is better with some people than others, just like sight, but it can help you take a nap as opposed to going completely to sleep. </s>

Why do I wake up on weekends at the same time, or earlier, as I do on the weekdays except for on the weekends I feel like a million bucks and couldn't sleep longer if I tried but on weekdays it's excruciatingly​ hard to get out of bed? </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old : How does our body know we are taking a nap instead of falling asleep for 8 hours? When I take a nap I usually wake up after 2 hours without anything waking me up. How does my body know to wake me up? [/INST]

Peter Singer and fellow philosophers (e.g. Toby Ord, Will MacAskill, etc.) have arguably influenced the movement of many billions of dollars. </s>

They're called "public intellectuals," and there are so, so many from the humanities. Top 100 Public Intellectuals </s>

<s>[INST] Why do we have famous scientist-influencers like Neil Degrasse Tyson and Carl Sagan but no famous philisopher-influencers or other humanities experts on the same level? I originally wanted to ask this question in a philosophy subreddit but I don't think the rules allow for it. I think the question could apply to lots of other humanities though. Not sure if the tag should be interdisciplinary or humanities. [/INST]

If you begin mugging people, you may eventually meet him and have a chance to tell him in person. As a bonus, you'll make a tidy little income while you wait. </s>

Write to the justice league, and send your thanks that way. Otherwise, you could also thank the Batman for his work by making his job easier, and help improve Gotham even more, so he has less work to do, or it's less difficult for him to do it. </s>

<s>[INST] [DC] I'm a normal citizen of Gotham and I want to thank Batman for all his work. What's the best way I can do that ? So he would notice it. [/INST]

Like all these comments, one of the best examples is the Naica’s Selenite Crystal Cave in Mexico. This cave is home to the biggest known crystal selenite in the world. Single selenite crystals that are larger than telephone poles. Scientists theorize that the cave formed 26 million years ago when a nearby volcano forced mineral rich water into the limestone. For pictures of this cave, a thousand of feet below the surface, National Geographic Article </s>

Remember that the Earth's crust is only a small fraction if its total radius. The caves you are imagining are probably restricted to only the very upper parts of the continental crust. Most of the Earth comprises a solid mantle, liquid outer core and solid inner core. By virtue of the immense pressure, large voids would be improbable. That's not to say there aren't spectacular cave systems in the upper crust! For example karst terranes (loosely speaking, areas of limestone with areas dissolved by water over time) produce spectacular caves, many of which probably haven't been discovered. Or lava tubes, where runny lavas flowed through but emptied, leaving behind subsurface cave systems. </s>

<s>[INST] Are there crazy caves with no entrance to the surface pocketed all throughout the earth or is the earth pretty solid except for cave systems near the top? [/INST]

15 years EMS + ER experience. This is pretty much a trope. It sounds plausible and reasonable, but I've never seen that happen. I have never noted someone coughing after a trauma injury to the chest, whether a bullet, knife, or blunt. And definitely never noticed blood from the mouth unless it was an oral injury. Edit: adding that in initial education and continuing education, I don't think it is ever mentioned related to trauma to have blood from the mouth unless the trauma is directly related to the mouth. There are some medical reasons the lungs cause blood but that is not the topic. </s>

In many Asian (Chinese, Korean) movies and soap operas (dramas), someone can be injured anywhere, not even severely, and they'll show blood coming out the mouth to indicate the person is dying. It's pretty hilarious sometimes. </s>

<s>[INST] Eli5: Why does blood come out of the mouth when people are shot in the chest, or is this just a movie trope? [/INST]

Heh, my uncle used to sweet-talk waitresses into asking the cook to make his eggs with real butter. He'd tip pretty well for it too. And if it was a local place, once a month or so, he'd have "bought more beer than he could fit in his fridge" and he'd send back a 12 pack to the kitchen. Everyone else just gets plates of slop swimming in a pool of fake butter, and he'd have this glorious stack of eggs with a steak on the side, looking like someone really put some love in that plate. Eventually the waitresses remembered me, and even though I was a little kid, I'd get the hook-up as well. </s>

Probably whirl Every shitty diner I've worked in used whirl for everything. Wing sauce, buttering the grill, used in batters That stuff is gross </s>

<s>[INST] What is the product that lots of inexpensive breakfast places use on their grill in place of butter? I don't really know what margarine tastes like, so it could be that, but a couple times a year I end up getting breakfast at a small local place that serves cheap food (like 4.99 for a breakfast platter). Every item that comes off the grill has the same wierd aftertaste, almost an acrid bitter flavor. [/INST]

I'm going to say familiarity with MS Office... that's pretty much implied with a college degree. Just like "knows how to dial telephone" doesn't need to be listed out. </s>

I think one should note that with the way automated personal management systems work, it's often wise to post certain words and phrases in a resume. If you are tired of seeing something in a resume, stop posting it in job postings. </s>

<s>[INST] Employers, What Are Things You're Getting Tired of Seeing in Resumes? I'm going into my senior year as an ME and getting me resume tidied up to find a job this summer. While looking through various resumes of my peers and friends, while simultaneously looking through my resume, I noticed that the word efficient is vastly overused. Everything anyone ever did was to make things more efficient. An engineers sole purpose is to improve efficiency. Sure, this is part of the job, but looking through resumes I realized that it's got to be annoying for employers to see this word vaguely applied to various things. While I search for a way to reword things to eliminate the word efficient from my resume, I ask: **What are you tired of seeing on resumes?** [/INST]

1. Start therapy. Mental health is the most important thing and imo the best determinant of success in grad school and in life. Also student insurance is sweet. 2. Network network network. Don't assume you will stay in academia. And don't look at the PhD as an end in itself. Think about what you want once you are done and prepare for it. You might change your views along the way but better start the process early than in the last 1 year. 3. Stick to a 9-5 routine if possible and actually socialize on days off. Don't let anyone push your boundaries. People will try to make you feel bad for not slaving away. Recognize it for the dysfunctional way of life it is. Work smart and work consistent. This is your degree, don't follow anyone blindly if you don't agree. </s>

A different supervisor. A second supervisor on the same continent. A series of progressive steps from start to finish rather than a disorganised mess. An actual understanding of the progression from start to finish. You know. The little things. </s>

<s>[INST] If you could start your PhD life from scratch, what one thing would you do differently? Hindsight hour! [/INST]

The whole tomatoes tend to be higher quality fruit, since they have to actually BE whole once they’ve been canned. The crushed are more likely to contain the bottom of the barrel bits. Tomatoes that were crushed during the process, etc. you’re really just guaranteeing yourself a slightly nicer produce when using the wholes. </s>

At work we use whole plum tomatoes from the can, 16 cases at a time. My best explanation for it is that we are better able to control the texture of the final marinara we're making. Once the kettle comes up to a simmer and we have it seasoned etc it only cooks for about 2 hours and the whole tomatoes break down to the consistency we like. </s>

<s>[INST] Many recipes recommend hand crushed canned tomatoes, but I've also heard that pre crushed canned tomatoes are actually picked riper because they don't need to maintain their shape at all. If this is true, why do most recipes avoid them? Is it a preference for the texture of hand crushed tomatoes? [/INST]

He's a Marine: He'd find a strip club, get drunk, and then buy a Mustang with a 19% apr. </s>

He would rest and watch the sun rise over the grateful universe. </s>

<s>[INST] [DOOM] The Doom Slayer finally succeeds in destroying all of Hell's forces once and for all. What would he do now that his life's goal is complete? [/INST]

Pi is whats called an irrational number, this means that it never repeats, this also means its infinitely long. Noone will ever be able to know the whole of pi, since it never repeats and goes on for eternity. But, you dont need to know the whole of pi. Just a small number of it is needed. For example, for us to calculate the circumference of the known universe to within the width of an hydrogen atom, we only need 39 digits of pi. NASA only uses 15 or 16 digits for their space missions, it doesnt have to be exact, just very close. A millimeter of miscalculation here or there wont matter, since human error will account for much larger distances. So a calculator doesnt need to know the whole of pi, 15 digits of pi would be enough to launch a space station, and most people dont need to be more accurate than that (i hope?). </s>

Even if you wanted to send a rocket to a point somewhere in the known universe, 100 digits of Pi would already be overkill. A normal calculator works just fine with ~10 digits </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: How does calculator know and use pi if even super computers can't know all the digits. Does it use like first 100 digits? [/INST]

lots of trial and error. bad camera angles make some games nearly unplayable. say the camera adjusts to quickly, making it jump in a disorienting fashion during sequential turns. other games take that as an example of what not to do, and limit how quickly the camera can turn. then it turns out that makes it impossible to see where you're going after a hard u-turn, so they have to adjust it again. until they find a good balance </s>

Most chase cameras actually work as if they were attached to a spring. Imagine a camera that can rotate a little (always keeping the area in from if the car in view) that’s attached to a moderately stiff spring that’s attached to the car. You can change various properties to change how the chase cam looks: 1. the angle of the spring (how high above the car the camera sits) 2. the stiffness of the spring (too stiff looks jerky, too loose looks too floppy) 3. the length of the spring (how far from the car the camera is) 4. the angle, focal point, and rotation speed of the camera (slow camera rotation with floppy spring means you will likely lose vision of the area in front of the car during a sharper turns) Edit: formatting </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: how do racing games typically angle cameras to look as nice as they do when turning? How do they make it look natural and gradual, yet still functional? [/INST]

Best solution then would be to try and convince the Valar to take it or to lock it away and throw away the key in the core of Minas Tirith or some other stronghold. Of course, Sauron wins without the destruction of the ring. </s>

If the ring is indestructible, it does not matter what you do with it. Sauron was already winning. Sauron did not need the ring to win, the forces of Good needed to destroy the wing not to lose. So just leave it on a table or chuck it in a river, literally does not matter. </s>

<s>[INST] [Lord of the Rings] Suppose the ring was completely indestructible, not even in the volcano. What, then, would be the best way to deal with it? [/INST]

Dehydration. Everyone needs water, living with ADHD is like being constantly thirsty. When I take my ADHD meds I don't feel like I'm suffering when doing something I don't find interesting. I'm not constantly forcing myself to push on like a dehydrated person in the desert when there's an oasis RIGHT THERE off the side of the trail. This is why ADHD folks just cannot get things done before deadlines often, the adrenaline forces you to run on even if your muscles are exhausted. Like the fortnite ring closing in. ;) </s>

All brains crave dopamine, but normal brains *get* a baseline level of dopamine just by existing. ADHD brains don't. So people with ADHD have to engage in activities or behaviors that give them dopamine just to feel "OK" or content. On the flip side, when normal brains have to do tasks that are annoying, boring, unpleasant, or just not intrisincally stimulating, they have that baseline level of dopamine that they can "spend" like a budget to focus, plan, or remember things. This is how they can "push through" and do the task anyway. These faculties (focusing, planning, remembering) are collectively referred to as your "executive function" and are all parts of what people with ADHD struggle with. ADHD brains don't have that same "budget" to spend and either struggle to muster their executive function at all or struggle to maintain it for very long. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old - ADHD brains are said to be constantly searching for dopamine - aren't all brains craving dopamine? What's the difference? [/INST]

Gotta go with particle physics. You've got particles that appear out of nothing, teleporting through impossible barriers, wave/particle duality, quantum entanglement, extra dimensions, supersymmetry. Whole lot of impossible and unexplained stuff and a lot of which seams to be in conflict with other established theories like relativity. </s>

Honestly for me it’s electromagnetism. Like, I understand enough to be like “yes this is how the world works”, but like, why does current cause a rotating field? How the fuck can you shake a magnet to make electricity? These things baffle my mechanical engineering brain </s>

<s>[INST] What do you think of engineering/science that is the closest to magic? I'm trying to determine what is the most unexplainable, confusing pheneomons out there that we know of yet are unexplainable in the fields of engineering/science. What is the most shrouded in mysteries waiting to be discovered or realized. Stuff like that. I've read around a bit and I'm thinking along the lines of magnets, radios, electricity, etc. Or space and astronomy. Or Maybe the ocean and what lives under it. AI? Biotechnology? Biochemistry? Psychology or neuroscience? Thereotical mathematics? There's so much! Bonus: What field of study is it under? Trying to determine what to study. [/INST]

1) Soccer has been growing in popularity in general. 2) We were in it and did fairly well from what I understand. 3) You apparently let psychopaths play soccer. ;) </s>

1. MLS is gaining popularity throughout the United States. 2. Americans love an underdog story. 3. Football season doesn't start till Sep 4, 2014. Edit: Spelling. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why are americans so interested in the World Cup this year, compared to previous years? [/INST]

The time it takes to cook meat. Use a meat thermometer. </s>

My old Chef once told me: "the difference between a 12$ soup at a restaurant and a 4$ soup at a diner is seasoning, go hard." </s>

<s>[INST] What's a 'less is more' in cooking that most home chefs like me probably does wrong? [/INST]

It could be mousseline sauce  even though it usually has lemon juice. Maybe he used dry white wine instead. </s>

Sounds like a beurre blanc flavoured with basil, except beurre blanc does contain either vinegar or lemon. Maybe he was holding back ingredients, like you guessed. </s>

<s>[INST] This one sauce blew my mine but I cannot figure out what it is. I'm going to get straight to the point. I had a seafood dish which came with a special white sauce and the chef refused to share the recipe with me. He was telling the story about how a french writer gave him this specific recipe so I automatically assumed it must be one of the french sauces. He only gave me two ingredients which were cream and basil and said "no" to vinegar and lemon when I asked. I am assuming he didnt wanna give away too much and that why he said no because the sauce was definitely vinegary and paired incredibly well with the shrimps. Does anyone have any idea what it might be? I want to impress some friends so I MUST find the recipe. I guessed mousselini or bearnaise but they seem to be more yellow. [/INST]

I recently wrote an autobiography (as yet unpublished), and I kind of wrote it in pieces. The more I thought about the events of my youth, the more I remembered, and the more I was able to fill in the gaps. The whole writing process took about a year, and that's a lot of time to spend remembering your past. I imagine that if you made a concerted effort, you could remember a lot more than you're giving yourself credit for right now. My process involved carrying around a notebook everywhere I went, and when I was reminded of something, I'd write a quick note to myself so that when I sat down to actually write, I'd have a whole bunch of inspiration saved up. This worked pretty well. </s>

My dad wrote an autobiography. He's had a misguided perspective of how my life went for decades,and I've refused to read it. So, long story short, he doesn't "remember" it. I would say in general that's why autobiographies are not that authoritative on factual events but rather a good way to find out how someone felt at the time things happened. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: How do people writing biographies recall their lives in such detail. I barely remember my childhood just bits and pieces here and there. But nothing close to writing a book. [/INST]

I'm a water treatment specialist at a water plant, really good pay and I'm not sitting in front of AutoCAD all day like my designer job before this </s>

I pimp racing sailboats to make em go faster. </s>

<s>[INST] What non-traditional jobs do you all have as engineering grads? I graduated with a degree in chemical engineering a couple of years ago. I’m a practicing engineer at the moment but thinking about switching paths soon. I’ve heard of chemical engineers going into investment banking, working with the UN, and all sorts of things. I’m curious to hear within this community: what degree did you obtain, what non-traditional jobs have you obtained since, and how did you get there? [/INST]

At least 90% of my day has always been solving Taylor Series problems or seriously complex differential equations and my employer has never allowed me to use a calculator </s>

I have had to sit down and do calculus like 4 times in 15 years. I have a PhD in hardcore engineering. </s>

<s>[INST] Hardcore engineers, that work in hardcore engineering jobs, on a really hardcore day how much of your time is spent doing hardcore calculations like hardcore calculus? [/INST]

Technically something is considered to be electrical if it uses electricity to transmit power, and electronic if it uses electricity to transmit information. Electrical engineers spend more time learning about power station design and electronic engineers spend more time on computer architecture. There is a tremendous amount of overlap. Way back when I was at university the electronic and the electrical engineers took exactly the same courses in a combined class for the first three years, end then specialized in their final year. </s>

Voltage </s>

<s>[INST] What's the big difference between Electrical Engineering and Electronics Engineering? [/INST]

People do fail to get across the line. It’s a tough journey. Things can get in the way. Research labs can take advantage of you. There are a lot of barriers. I hope your friend is okay! </s>

Extremely common to use a PHD as your excuse to keep your visa for as long as possible. </s>

<s>[INST] Is it common to fail to get a PhD after 10 years of being in the program? Someone I know is returning to our (mutual) home country without finishing her dissertation after 10 years in the PhD program. She said she can't stay in the states longer I thought she was graduating late because she was in humanities. I never imagined someone can fail to graduate after whopping 10 years Is this a common story? [/INST]

The wine has nothing to do with it. Sorry for your loss. (It's regular drinking over a period of time that causes problems.) </s>

Keep in mind. Having a miscarriage is still seen as something only very few people experience. But this is not at all the truth. Up to 20 percent of pregnancies are terminated that way. 2 glasses of wine are by far not enough to cause a miscarriage. It's the constant intake which will cause alcohol related defects. I won't say you should drink 2 glasses of wine while pregnant, but there are even a lot people not even realising up until the 6th or 7th week that they are pregnant. So many of them will drink more than 2 glasses of wine when you look at the per capita alcohol intake of most countries. So no you haven't had a thing to do with your miscarriage. It is hard of course but you are not alone. Spontaneous miscarriages are unfortunately common and I think people should know this. TL;DR: nope, basically no chance this was the reason. </s>

<s>[INST] Did I cause my miscarriage 30F - miscarried at 15 weeks. At about 9 or 10 weeks pregnant I had two glasses of wine. Could this have been the cause of my miscarriage? [/INST]

Industrial controls/automation </s>

Semiconductor process engineers </s>

<s>[INST] What engineering fields are booming right now and will see significant growth in the next 10-30 years in terms of job prospects? [/INST]

I do not regret only having a bachelors; I am quite done with school to be honest and have a great career. </s>

I did my undergrad, got a job and had them pay for my Masters. To me this is the best way to do it. </s>

<s>[INST] Engineers with bachelor degree, do you regret not getting a masters or PhD degree? And engineers with a masters or PhD degree, do you wish you stopped after bachelor? [/INST]

It's so you can't then challenge the ticket. If the cop pulls you over, asks you that, and you say "I was speeding," then you can't challenge it later. </s>

Because it puts you on the spot. When you get pulled over, most people hope to get off with just a warning, and part of that is being polite and respectful. Lying is impolite, and will likely get you a ticket, but leave open the option of contesting it in court. Telling the truth (assuming you were speeding or something) is a confession, the officer might respect your honesty and give you a warning, but if they don't, it will be more difficult to contest the ticket. Also, like any open-ended question, it helps gauge your level of nervousness and/or intoxication, to help the officer determine if you are breaking any other laws. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why do cops pull you over then ask you if you know why they pulled you over? [/INST]

Instead of using cream, try relying on only starchy pasta water so the dairy doesn't drown out the lemon flavor. Here's the Serious Eats recipe for pasta al limone. </s>

Frank Prisinzano is a New York Italian chef who has a famous Pasta Limone dish, and he has shared his method in his Instagram stories. He just squeezes the lemon juice into a bit of pasta water, then adds pasta, then butter and emulsify all together with the whole lemons (that you already squeezed) in the pan. I have made it several times and it always comes out perfectly lemony, creamy and delicious. I highly recommend this method and not trying to add oils or extracts. </s>

<s>[INST] Getting Lemon Flavor into Pasta I love lemon based pasta sauces at restaurants. A common dish is a lemon cream sauce. But no mater how hard I try at home I can’t get that infused deep flavor. I bought some lemon extract and that helped a bit. Of course I use zest as recipes call for. Once I added extra juice but then it tasted to ‘tangy’ as opposed to the more developed flavors I’ve had at restaurants. Any tricks/tips?? Thanks!! [/INST]

I graduated in December with 0 internships/jobs relating to my degree with a 2.5 GPA. I am being told that I have a start date of April 9th at my local utility company. If you are persistent enough, you'll either be told 1) Fuck off 2) Here's an interview date What you do after you get either of those responses is on you :). To put it in perspective, I applied to maybe a total of 50~ job openings across USA before being locally interviewed. </s>

I graduated with a lower GPA than yours, and no internship experience. Took me around 4 months and tons of applications, but I found something. It will help you immensely if you don't fixate yourself on one location. The ability and willingness to move where you need to will help a lot. Finding the first job is the hardest. Just treat applying like another full time job. You'll be absolutely fine. </s>

<s>[INST] Engineers who graduated with no internships or related experience, how long did it take to find a job? I’m currently a junior ME student with a 3.4 GPA. I’ve applied to several internships, but no luck. Besides my GPA, I don’t have any related experience besides projects in my CAD and Manufacturing courses from freshman year. My work experience consists of working at a warehouse over the summers to earn cash for school, with no relation to engineering at all. I’m worried that I will never get hired due to my lack of experience/internships. [/INST]

His mutation isn't super readily apparent that most scans would probably miss most things since it's mostly enhanced musculature. He crawls walls through manipulating forces and his Spider-Sense comes with with extradimensional web of life so those wouldn't show up on scans. His radioactive spider-blood however would be a giveaway. </s>

They're recognize he's a mutate but, hey, so what? Plenty of people are mutates in the marvel universe. This is an unexpected boon for secret identities- proving someone is not fully human doesn't actually narrow down their being a superhero. </s>

<s>[INST] [Spider-Man] If Peter Parker is injured and goes to a hospital, would doctors immediately recognize that he was part spider during their diagnostic testing? Title [/INST]

Anchovy is a great umami bomb, you can sneak it into so many things. </s>

I have started putting msg in just about everything. </s>

<s>[INST] What are other examples of "secret" spices like nutmeg in Mac and cheese? I have seen nutmeg in a regular bechamel, but never saw it in Mac n cheese until today. What are other examples of nuanced little spices or "secret" ingredients used in common dishes in the industry? [/INST]

Pretty sure stock was invented to use up leftover veg and meat scraps in the first place, so yes. In fact, buying all the veg specifically for stock seems a bit silly and expensive. </s>

I always put veg trimmings/ends in the freezer for stock and other things. It works fabulous and I don't waste. </s>

<s>[INST] Can I use leftover vegetable scraps for stock? I'm talking about using them to flavor poultry/meat stock, not vegetable stock. Most recipes and videos I see on how to make stock, show a person who's clearly gone to the supermarket to get carrots, onions, an celery to flavor their stock. But I have a bag of vegetable scraps (pealings, root ends and stems) in the freezer, can I just use that? I'm not expecting the stock to be "traditional", I just want it to taste good. [/INST]

What do you mean skin falls? </s>

Where in your body is it most important to be able to feel? Your fingers. This means loads of nerves and thus means a small injury will hurt a lot more there than anywhere else. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old Why does it hurt so much when the skin close to our fingernails falls or gets damaged? [/INST]

The Last Samurai. There are tons and tons of popular culture 'sources' or assumptions about Asia that are taken at face value but this movie beats all of them hands down. </s>

Disney. You bastards. Pirates were not merry singing gentlemen of the sea nor were they psychotics. They were a criminal organization on par with a narco-sydicate. </s>

<s>[INST] What work has done the most damage to your field? I don't like to be negative, but we often look to the best sources in the field and focus on what has been done right. Clearly, things go wrong, and sometimes the general public accepts what they are given at face value, even if not intended as an educational or scholarly work. I often hear the Medieval Studies professors at my university rail about *Braveheart,* and how it not only fell far from the mark, but seems to have embedded itself in the mind of the general public. What source (movie, book, video game, or otherwise) do you find yourself constantly having to refute? [/INST]

Don't worry about it. It's meat, not toxic waste. People get way excessively crazy about it. Unless you're cooking for someone with a compromised immune system you don't need to be that fastidious. </s>

This sounds like a rad thesis idea for a food or meat science student. Let's see some real data behind it, from measures of bacterial load all the way through possible foodborne infections. </s>

<s>[INST] When flipping raw meat, do you need to change/wash utensils half way? Say for example a steak, you put in a pan and once once side is cooked you flip it, but doesn't that cooked side you just flipped get contaminated by your tongs? I never see a recipe on YouTube mention when you should wash/ change utensils, this got my quite worried as when I follow a recipe I don't want to be eating contaminated meat because they didn't tell me when to wash or change my utensil. Since you are using the tongs/whatever utensil to flip, I presume it doesn't get hot enough to kill bacteria? [/INST]

Bears actually don't usually bother to eat the whole salmon, normally eating the fat rich skin, eggs, and brain and discarding the rest since during spawning season it would take less effort to catch another salmon than trying to eat the flesh around the bones. You wouldn't eat apple cores if there were more apples on the tree. </s>

Because we speak! Our throats are particularly sensitive to choking because of how they've had to adapt to speech. And, maybe it's just me, but I feel like animals have, like, tougher throats or something. They seem to be able to eat whatever the fuck they want and we choke on our own spit (or *I* choke on my own spit). </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why is it that bears, birds and other animals can eat fish without getting the bone stuck in their throat, but when humans do it and the bone gets stuck, it becomes an emergency ? [/INST]

Thomas Henderson, one of the first people to measure the distance to a star, didn't publish his results for ten years, because he was afraid he had made a mistake. Apparently he couldn't believe how far away the star was. So someone else published first. </s>

Here’s an interesting note; up until 1923 everything we see in the night sky was assumed to be in one big galaxy we call the Milky Way. It wasn’t until 1924 that Edwin Hubble conclusively proved the existence of other galaxies by accurately measuring the distance to the Andromeda galaxy. Think about that. Less than 100 years ago we had no idea about the existence of galaxies and now we know there are ~~billions~~ trillions of them. Simply amazing. </s>

<s>[INST] When early astronomers (circa. 1500-1570) looked up at the night sky with primitive telescopes, how far away did they think the planets were in relation to us? [/INST]

FORTRAN. But learning that has helped when i picked up other languages like Python. </s>

I had the opposite. I was told that nobody, but nobody, uses PLC or ladder logic anymore. You can guess what I had to work with some during my first job. </s>

<s>[INST] What did you learn in school that felt useless/outdated by the time you entered the industry? [/INST]

There's enough folks out there who study Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu or Krav Maga that it's not really a massive stretch that a young, fit woman has enough moves to get the better of an aging bodyguard in a friendly sparring match. </s>

Beating one guy at boxing doesn't really reveal her as a secret agent. She could just be a good boxer. </s>

<s>[INST] [MCU Iron Man 2] Why does Black Widow risk blowing her cover by beating up Happy in the boxing ring? [/INST]

Because ski lifts aren’t as dangerous as one might think in normal operation. The act of skiing or snowboarding is usually more dangerous than riding the lift. Plus, gondolas are a thing. Edit: I know this doesn’t really answer the question but I thought I’d throw it out there. </s>

Chair lifts are SUPER SAFE, if you just sit in the chair. They don't tip to angles that would make you fall out, they don't move fast, and many have a restraint bar that you can hold onto *even if* you're bad enough at sitting down that you think you may fall. Also, you say the drive for self-preservation seems to keep people from dying on the chairlift... My drive for self-preservation keeps me from jumping off a bridge, too; what's the difference? Skiing/snowboarding is exponentially more risky than riding the lift. If the lift keeps you off the slopes, the slopes probably weren't for you, anyway. </s>

<s>[INST] Why are ski lift chairs not held to higher safety standards? You can slide under the railing, you can fall out, you can jump out. It seems like the only thing stoping more people from getting killed on ski lifts is the drive for self preservation. Why are there not stricter safety requirements on ski lifts? (Sorry if this isn't the best sub for this) [/INST]

"My father is many things, but a liar is not one of them." </s>

Thanos didn't care his work was done. He would never beg and would never lower himself to lie. He was being genuine. </s>

<s>[INST] [Avengers Endgame] When Thanos says to Nebula “Perhaps I treated you too harshly,” was he being genuine, or was he just trying to save his own ass? [/INST]

So yes to what other people are saying, but also, many of what we consider opposites are just the absence of the other. There isn't darkness, there just is no light. There isn't cold, there is an absence of heat. </s>

Because temperature is a measure of how much the atoms in a material are "jiggling around". At absolute zero all such movement stops, and you can't have less jiggling than none, so that's where temperature stops going down. Note it's not actually possible for anything to ever reach absolute zero--we've been able to get quite close, but to completely remove all the energy from something is impossible as far as we know. </s>

<s>[INST] Explain like I'm five years old: Why is it not possible for the temperature to be less than -273.15C? [/INST]

The original Atom, Al Pratt; also Wildcat Both started out as simple boxers </s>

rorschach is poor, mentally damaged, and powerless. </s>

<s>[INST] [Superheroes General] Are there ANY heroes that lack both super powers AND billions of dollars? Or, to rephrase, is Green Arrow seriously the most realistic superhero? (Batman doesn't count, he's a super genius and that's a power. Fuck you, fight me.) The closest I can think of is Daredevil, but he still has that echolocation thing going on and I can't remember if that's a skill he learned or a byproduct of his chemical exposure. [/INST]

I can tell you i came home from work one day and my MIL (who was visiting) thought she was being helpful and had boiled my prime rib for 5 hours. that was well done and kind of moist... </s>

Slice and sear </s>

<s>[INST] What’s the best way to ruin prime rib? I’m cooking a prime rib roast for the family this week and unfortunately, about half of the group prefers their meat well-done. I’d normally just make them something else but in this case I cannot. Can anyone explain to me how a restaurant does this? Do you slice a few pieces and put them back in the oven? Cook in a skillet with some of the jus? Any tips would be appreciated so I can ruin this meat as best as I can. [/INST]

It's both. Tutaminis/energy absorption is a staple power for Jedi, but also Vader's armor was tough enough to resist light blows from a lightsaber, particularly his gauntlets. It's also worth pointing out the Force-enhanced reaction necessary to get his hand in the way of a shot. </s>

It's been alternately depicted as both, but more recently the former. A few younger reader books (now Legends) indicated that the Glove of Darth Vader is what gave him his power, and was a sought-after relic after his death. </s>

<s>[INST] [Star Wars] When Vader blocks blaster shots with his hand, is that a "force deflect" type power, or just his suit of armor being really tough? [/INST]

Did they try turning it off and back on again? </s>

Could they do something like a land anchor? And then winch it out ? Probably need to plant some substantially deep piles to make something solid enough. then surely you could make a winch system that would do it. </s>

<s>[INST] How would you solve the Suez Canal problem? It’s getting pretty clear to see that the ship that’s stuck in the Suez isn’t getting out any time soon. With engineers out there trying to come up with a solution, What would you suggest if you were on the team trying to get that ship out? Besides blow it up. [/INST]

Nope, there's no telescope in existence or in planning that can do that. However, the astronauts did leave retroreflectors on the Moon, and we can shine a laser off those and detect a few of the reflected photons, with projects like the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation. These are used to measure the precise distance to the Moon and thereby make a lot of high-precision tests of gravity, as well as measure the rate at which the Moon is receding from us. </s>

While everyone else has given you a very satisfactory answer, there is a satellite orbiting the moon (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter) which can get pictures of the Lunar Landing: Apollo 11 Apollo 12 Apollo 14 Apollo 15 Apollo 16 Apollo 17 </s>

<s>[INST] Is there a telescope on Earth that can see the Moon Landing site? Just curious what it would take to check out the Lunar Landing from here on Earth. [/INST]