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answers sequence	questions sequence	paragraph stringlengths 151 3.71k	questions_answers stringlengths 37 2.72k
[ "4 Minutes", "Elvis Presley", "thirteenth", "Sticky & Sweet Tour", "$280 million," ]	[ "Which single was released as the album's lead single?", "Madonna surpassed which artist with the most top-ten hits?", "4 minutes became Madonna's which number one single in the UK?", "What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation?", "How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed?" ]	"4 Minutes" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; "4 Minutes" becoming her thirteenth. At the 23rd Japan Gold Disc Awards, Madonna received her fifth Artist of the Year trophy from Recording Industry Association of Japan, the most for any artist. To further promote the album, Madonna embarked on the Sticky & Sweet Tour; her first major venture with Live Nation. With a gross of $280 million, it became the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist then, surpassing the previous record Madonna set with the Confessions Tour; it was later surpassed by Roger Waters' The Wall Live. It was extended to the next year, adding new European dates, and after it ended, the total gross was $408 million.	question: Which single was released as the album's lead single?, answer: 4 Minutes \| question: Madonna surpassed which artist with the most top-ten hits?, answer: Elvis Presley \| question: 4 minutes became Madonna's which number one single in the UK?, answer: thirteenth \| question: What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation?, answer: Sticky & Sweet Tour \| question: How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed?, answer: $280 million,
[ "a lawless place\" or \"a place under no jurisdiction", "ramshackle marketplace", "English and Australian" ]	[ "What is the meaning of the name Aslatia in English?", "What was the meaning or term used for Aslace that was used by english people in the 20th century?", "Which nationalities still refer it to Alslace \"ramshackle marketplace\" as of 2007?" ]	"Alsatia", the Latin form of Alsace's name, has long ago entered the English language with the specialized meaning of "a lawless place" or "a place under no jurisdiction" - since Alsace was conceived by English people to be such. It was used into the 20th century as a term for a ramshackle marketplace, "protected by ancient custom and the independence of their patrons". As of 2007, the word is still in use among the English and Australian judiciaries with the meaning of a place where the law cannot reach: "In setting up the Serious Organised Crime Agency, the state has set out to create an Alsatia - a region of executive action free of judicial oversight," Lord Justice Sedley in UMBS v SOCA 2007.	question: What is the meaning of the name Aslatia in English?, answer: a lawless place" or "a place under no jurisdiction \| question: What was the meaning or term used for Aslace that was used by english people in the 20th century?, answer: ramshackle marketplace \| question: Which nationalities still refer it to Alslace "ramshackle marketplace" as of 2007?, answer: English and Australian
[ "Petrus Canisius Van Lierde", "Petrus Canisius Van Lierde", "11 am" ]	[ "Who was at the dying pope's bedside?", "Who was the Papal Sacristan for John XXIII?", "When did the pope bid farewell?" ]	"At 11 am Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope, ready to anoint him. The pope began to speak for the very last time: "I had the great grace to be born into a Christian family, modest and poor, but with the fear of the Lord. My time on earth is drawing to a close. But Christ lives on and continues his work in the Church. Souls, souls, ut omnes unum sint."[c] Van Lierde then anointed his eyes, ears, mouth, hands and feet. Overcome by emotion, Van Lierde forgot the right order of anointing. John XXIII gently helped him before bidding those present a last farewell.	question: Who was at the dying pope's bedside?, answer: Petrus Canisius Van Lierde \| question: Who was the Papal Sacristan for John XXIII?, answer: Petrus Canisius Van Lierde \| question: When did the pope bid farewell?, answer: 11 am
[ "God Indicates", "roses", "sea lions", "three", "leopard" ]	[ "What does DEUS INDICAT mean?", "what type of flowers did Gules use?", "after the DEUS INDICAT what type of sea animals were pictured?", "in the above quote how many ship and masts were indicated?", "What animal was listed as part of the four fleur-de-lis in the above quote" ]	"Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert." The shield had as a crest: "A sphere without a frame, bounded with the Zodiac in bend Or, between two pennants flottant Argent, each charged with a cross Gules, over the sphere the words DEUS INDICAT" (Latin: God Indicates). The supporters were two sea lions (lions with fishes' tails) and the motto was DEO DUCENTE NIL NOCET (Latin: Where God Leads, Nothing Hurts).	question: What does DEUS INDICAT mean?, answer: God Indicates \| question: what type of flowers did Gules use?, answer: roses \| question: after the DEUS INDICAT what type of sea animals were pictured?, answer: sea lions \| question: in the above quote how many ship and masts were indicated?, answer: three \| question: What animal was listed as part of the four fleur-de-lis in the above quote, answer: leopard
[ "\"Tinker to Evers to Chance\"", "Franklin Pierce Adams", "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon," ]	[ "What was \"Baseball's Sad Lexicon\" also known as?", "Who wrote \"Baseball's Sad Lexicon\"?", "What poem did Franklin Pierce Adams write?" ]	"Baseball's Sad Lexicon," also known as "Tinker to Evers to Chance" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.	question: What was "Baseball's Sad Lexicon" also known as?, answer: "Tinker to Evers to Chance" \| question: Who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon"?, answer: Franklin Pierce Adams \| question: What poem did Franklin Pierce Adams write?, answer: "Baseball's Sad Lexicon,
[ "Hernando de Soto", "Both the Spanish and French established settlements", "Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano", "Native ancestors of the Seminole", "Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more" ]	[ "What conquistador landed in Florida in 1539", "Who established early settlements in Florida", "Who established 1 of the first Us settlements in Florida", "What people were discovered by early settlers of Florida", "What did Spanish settlers introduce to Florida" ]	"By May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a thick wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet (21 m), with intertwined and elevated roots making landing difficult. Very soon, 'many smokes' appeared 'along the whole coast', billowing against the sky, when the Native ancestors of the Seminole spotted the newcomers and spread the alarm by signal fires". The Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida.[full citation needed] Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success. In 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a colony at present-day Pensacola, one of the first European settlements in the continental United States, but it was abandoned by 1561.	question: What conquistador landed in Florida in 1539, answer: Hernando de Soto \| question: Who established early settlements in Florida, answer: Both the Spanish and French established settlements \| question: Who established 1 of the first Us settlements in Florida, answer: Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano \| question: What people were discovered by early settlers of Florida, answer: Native ancestors of the Seminole \| question: What did Spanish settlers introduce to Florida, answer: Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more
[ "forces", "Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force", "planning and execution of aerospace forces", "JFC" ]	[ "What are \"Chopped\" units called in the USAF?", "What is the top level structure of these Chopped forces in the USAF?", "What does the C-NAF provide support to?", "Who does the C-NAFF coordinate with on ACEE missions?" ]	"Chopped" units are referred to as forces. The top-level structure of these forces is the Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF). The AETF is the Air Force presentation of forces to a CCDR for the employment of Air Power. Each CCDR is supported by a standing Component Numbered Air Force (C-NAF) to provide planning and execution of aerospace forces in support of CCDR requirements. Each C-NAF consists of a Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) and AFFOR/A-staff, and an Air Operations Center (AOC). As needed to support multiple Joint Force Commanders (JFC) in the COCOM's Area of Responsibility (AOR), the C-NAF may deploy Air Component Coordinate Elements (ACCE) to liaise with the JFC. If the Air Force possesses the preponderance of air forces in a JFC's area of operations, the COMAFFOR will also serve as the Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC).	question: What are "Chopped" units called in the USAF?, answer: forces \| question: What is the top level structure of these Chopped forces in the USAF?, answer: Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force \| question: What does the C-NAF provide support to?, answer: planning and execution of aerospace forces \| question: Who does the C-NAFF coordinate with on ACEE missions?, answer: JFC
[ "the Voting Rights Act", "the Community Reinvestment Act", "the Civil Rights Act" ]	[ "What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election?", "What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations?", "What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups?" ]	"Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act)."	question: What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election?, answer: the Voting Rights Act \| question: What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations?, answer: the Community Reinvestment Act \| question: What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups?, answer: the Civil Rights Act
[ "a manifestation of Earth's communication network", "the Digimon change appearance and become much stronger, often changing in personality as well", "a group of mostly pre-teens", "The group of children who come in contact with the Digital World changes from series to series", "DigiWorld", "DigiWorld", "mostly pre-teens", "Digivolve" ]	[ "What is the world in which the digimon live?", "What happens to a digimon after they evolve?", "Who accompanies the digimon as they work to save their world?", "Are the children who accompany the digimon always the same?", "What is the world of the digimon called?", "Where are Digimon the inhabitants of?", "What group of kids are in charge of the Digimons?", "What is the process called when Digimon get stronger?" ]	"Digimon" are "Digital Monsters". According to the stories, they are inhabitants of the "DigiWorld", a manifestation of Earth's communication network. The stories tell of a group of mostly pre-teens, who accompany special Digimon born to defend their world (and ours) from various evil forces. To help them surmount the most difficult obstacles found within both realms, the Digimon have the ability to evolve (Digivolve) In this process, the Digimon change appearance and become much stronger, often changing in personality as well. The group of children who come in contact with the Digital World changes from series to series.	question: What is the world in which the digimon live?, answer: a manifestation of Earth's communication network \| question: What happens to a digimon after they evolve?, answer: the Digimon change appearance and become much stronger, often changing in personality as well \| question: Who accompanies the digimon as they work to save their world?, answer: a group of mostly pre-teens \| question: Are the children who accompany the digimon always the same?, answer: The group of children who come in contact with the Digital World changes from series to series \| question: What is the world of the digimon called?, answer: DigiWorld \| question: Where are Digimon the inhabitants of?, answer: DigiWorld \| question: What group of kids are in charge of the Digimons?, answer: mostly pre-teens \| question: What is the process called when Digimon get stronger?, answer: Digivolve
[ "battle", "the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors", "loyalty and filial piety" ]	[ "What does a samurai has his heart in the wrong place dislike?", "What debt should samurai not forget?", "What virtues should samurai not be dismissive of?" ]	"First of all, a samurai who dislikes battle and has not put his heart in the right place even though he has been born in the house of the warrior, should not be reckoned among one's retainers....It is forbidden to forget the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors and thereby make light of the virtues of loyalty and filial piety....It is forbidden that one should...attach little importance to his duties to his master...There is a primary need to distinguish loyalty from disloyalty and to establish rewards and punishments."	question: What does a samurai has his heart in the wrong place dislike?, answer: battle \| question: What debt should samurai not forget?, answer: the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors \| question: What virtues should samurai not be dismissive of?, answer: loyalty and filial piety
[ "Essentials Jr.", "Abigail Breslin", "John Lithgow", "Bill Hader", "2008" ]	[ "What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies?", "Along with Chris O'Donnell, who was the original host of Essentials Jr.?", "Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?", "Who began to host Essentials Jr. in 2011?", "In what year did Essentials Jr. replace Funday Night at the Movies?" ]	"Funday Night at the Movies" was replaced in 2008 by "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its weekly series The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-themed films as National Velvet, Captains Courageous and Yours, Mine and Ours, as well as more eclectic selections as Sherlock, Jr., The Music Box, Harvey, Mutiny on the Bounty and The Man Who Knew Too Much.	question: What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies?, answer: Essentials Jr. \| question: Along with Chris O'Donnell, who was the original host of Essentials Jr.?, answer: Abigail Breslin \| question: Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?, answer: John Lithgow \| question: Who began to host Essentials Jr. in 2011?, answer: Bill Hader \| question: In what year did Essentials Jr. replace Funday Night at the Movies?, answer: 2008
[ "Thai", "520–570 nm", "the name of a fruit" ]	[ "In which language does the word for \"green\" also mean \"rank\" and \"smelly\"?", "In what range does the color green fall in modern European languages?", "What is the origin of the word \"orange\"?" ]	"Green" in modern European languages corresponds to about 520–570 nm, but many historical and non-European languages make other choices, e.g. using a term for the range of ca. 450–530 nm ("blue/green") and another for ca. 530–590 nm ("green/yellow").[citation needed] In the comparative study of color terms in the world's languages, green is only found as a separate category in languages with the fully developed range of six colors (white, black, red, green, yellow, and blue), or more rarely in systems with five colors (white, red, yellow, green, and black/blue). (See distinction of green from blue) These languages have introduced supplementary vocabulary to denote "green", but these terms are recognizable as recent adoptions that are not in origin color terms (much like the English adjective orange being in origin not a color term but the name of a fruit). Thus, the Thai word เขียว besides meaning "green" also means "rank" and "smelly" and holds other unpleasant associations.	question: In which language does the word for "green" also mean "rank" and "smelly"?, answer: Thai \| question: In what range does the color green fall in modern European languages?, answer: 520–570 nm \| question: What is the origin of the word "orange"?, answer: the name of a fruit
[ "a double n", "German", "first", "second", "traditional English spelling" ]	[ "What does the German spelling of Hanover have that English does not?", "Which version of the spelling of Hanover does the local Government use on English websites?", "Which syllable does the English spoken version of Hanover stress?", "Which syllable does the German pronunciation of Hanover stress?", "Which spelling of Hanover is used in historical contexts?" ]	"Hanover" is the traditional English spelling. The German spelling (with a double n) is becoming more popular in English; recent editions of encyclopedias prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites. The English pronunciation /ˈhænəvər/, with stress on the first syllable and a reduced second syllable, is applied to both the German and English spellings, which is different from German pronunciation [haˈnoːfɐ], with stress on the second syllable and a long second vowel. The traditional English spelling is still used in historical contexts, especially when referring to the British House of Hanover.	question: What does the German spelling of Hanover have that English does not?, answer: a double n \| question: Which version of the spelling of Hanover does the local Government use on English websites?, answer: German \| question: Which syllable does the English spoken version of Hanover stress?, answer: first \| question: Which syllable does the German pronunciation of Hanover stress?, answer: second \| question: Which spelling of Hanover is used in historical contexts?, answer: traditional English spelling
[ "J. G. Droysen", "History of Hellenism", "Matthew Arnold", "19th", "Hellenism", "19th-century", "J. G. Droysen", "Geschichte des Hellenismus", "Matthew Arnold", "Hebraism" ]	[ "Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?", "What does Geschichte des Hellenismus mean?", "Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?", "What century did Hellenistic become a concept?", "In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what?", "The word \"Hellenistic\" was derived in what time period?", "Who coined the term \"Hellenistic?\"", "What was Droysen's work called that explained the era?", "Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?", "Hellenism contrasts with what other similar concept of era?" ]	"Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus, i.e. History of Hellenism, coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest. Following Droysen, Hellenistic and related terms, e.g. Hellenism, have been widely used in various contexts; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold, where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism.	question: Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?, answer: J. G. Droysen \| question: What does Geschichte des Hellenismus mean?, answer: History of Hellenism \| question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?, answer: Matthew Arnold \| question: What century did Hellenistic become a concept?, answer: 19th \| question: In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what?, answer: Hellenism \| question: The word "Hellenistic" was derived in what time period?, answer: 19th-century \| question: Who coined the term "Hellenistic?", answer: J. G. Droysen \| question: What was Droysen's work called that explained the era?, answer: Geschichte des Hellenismus \| question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?, answer: Matthew Arnold \| question: Hellenism contrasts with what other similar concept of era?, answer: Hebraism
[ "I have sometimes wondered whether a brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior to that of man", "he is regarded as one of the giants of modern mathematics", "most scintillating intellect of this century" ]	[ "What did Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe think of von NEumann's ability?", "What did James Glimm have to say about von Nuemann?", "What description did Peter Lax use for von Neumann?" ]	"I have sometimes wondered whether a brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior to that of man", said Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe of Cornell University. "It seems fair to say that if the influence of a scientist is interpreted broadly enough to include impact on fields beyond science proper, then John von Neumann was probably the most influential mathematician who ever lived," wrote Miklós Rédei in "Selected Letters." James Glimm wrote: "he is regarded as one of the giants of modern mathematics". The mathematician Jean Dieudonné called von Neumann "the last of the great mathematicians", while Peter Lax described him as possessing the "most scintillating intellect of this century".	question: What did Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe think of von NEumann's ability?, answer: I have sometimes wondered whether a brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior to that of man \| question: What did James Glimm have to say about von Nuemann?, answer: he is regarded as one of the giants of modern mathematics \| question: What description did Peter Lax use for von Neumann?, answer: most scintillating intellect of this century
[ "idle people", "music people", "small people", "egg-people", "Zhejiang" ]	[ "What do 'to-min' mean?", "What does 'yoh-hu' mean?", "What does 'si-min' mean?", "What does Tanka mean?", "What is 'Keh Chiang' a romanization for?" ]	"In 1727 the to-min or 'idle people' of Cheh Kiang province (a Ningpo name still existing), the yoh-hu or 'music people' of Shanxi province, the si-min or 'small people' of Kiang Su (Jiangsu) province, and the Tanka people or 'egg-people' of Canton (to this day the boat population there), were all freed from their social disabilities, and allowed to count as free men." "Cheh Kiang" is another romanization for Zhejiang. The Duomin (Chinese: 惰民; pinyin: duò mín; Wade–Giles: to-min) are a caste of outcasts in this province.	question: What do 'to-min' mean?, answer: idle people \| question: What does 'yoh-hu' mean?, answer: music people \| question: What does 'si-min' mean?, answer: small people \| question: What does Tanka mean?, answer: egg-people \| question: What is 'Keh Chiang' a romanization for?, answer: Zhejiang
[ "Junior", "Show Boat", "1929", "All Quiet on the Western Front", "King of Jazz" ]	[ "What was Carl Laemmle Jr.'s nickname?", "What movie was based on an Edna Ferber novel?", "In what year was the musical Broadway produced?", "What movie won the 1930 Academy Award for Best Picture?", "What all-color musical did Universal make in 1930?" ]	"Junior" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musical Broadway (1929) which included Technicolor sequences; and the first all-color musical feature (for Universal), King of Jazz (1930). The more serious All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), won its year's Best Picture Oscar.	question: What was Carl Laemmle Jr.'s nickname?, answer: Junior \| question: What movie was based on an Edna Ferber novel?, answer: Show Boat \| question: In what year was the musical Broadway produced?, answer: 1929 \| question: What movie won the 1930 Academy Award for Best Picture?, answer: All Quiet on the Western Front \| question: What all-color musical did Universal make in 1930?, answer: King of Jazz
[ "Milliken", "Wayne State University", "University of Minnesota" ]	[ "What case is cited as a reason for White people leaving Detroit?", "What school does John Mogk teach at?", "At which school did Myron Orfield teach?" ]	"Milliken was perhaps the greatest missed opportunity of that period," said Myron Orfield, professor of law at the University of Minnesota. "Had that gone the other way, it would have opened the door to fixing nearly all of Detroit's current problems." John Mogk, a professor of law and an expert in urban planning at Wayne State University in Detroit, says, "Everybody thinks that it was the riots [in 1967] that caused the white families to leave. Some people were leaving at that time but, really, it was after Milliken that you saw mass flight to the suburbs. If the case had gone the other way, it is likely that Detroit would not have experienced the steep decline in its tax base that has occurred since then."	question: What case is cited as a reason for White people leaving Detroit?, answer: Milliken \| question: What school does John Mogk teach at?, answer: Wayne State University \| question: At which school did Myron Orfield teach?, answer: University of Minnesota
[ "\"Near East\"", "\"the Nearer East,\"", "the Biblical lands", "the land of the Old and New Testaments", "on the basis of archaeology" ]	[ "What remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles?", "What variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates?", "There was a need to separate what from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire?", "What did the Christians see the country as?", "How did the scholars attempt their definition?" ]	"Near East" remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles, but a variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates: "the Nearer East," reverting to the classical and then more scholarly distinction of "nearer" and "farther." They undoubtedly saw a need to separate the Biblical lands from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire. The Christians saw the country as the land of the Old and New Testaments, where Christianity had developed. The scholars in the field of studies that eventually became Biblical archaeology attempted to define it on the basis of archaeology.	question: What remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles?, answer: "Near East" \| question: What variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates?, answer: "the Nearer East," \| question: There was a need to separate what from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire?, answer: the Biblical lands \| question: What did the Christians see the country as?, answer: the land of the Old and New Testaments \| question: How did the scholars attempt their definition?, answer: on the basis of archaeology
[ "\"New Labour\"", "1994", "1996", "New Labour, New Life For Britain" ]	[ "What was the other name for the Labout Party?", "When was this branding first used?", "When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto?", "What was this manifesto called?" ]	"New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun under the leadership of Neil Kinnock. "New Labour" as a name has no official status, but remains in common use to distinguish modernisers from those holding to more traditional positions, normally referred to as "Old Labour".	question: What was the other name for the Labout Party?, answer: "New Labour" \| question: When was this branding first used?, answer: 1994 \| question: When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto?, answer: 1996 \| question: What was this manifesto called?, answer: New Labour, New Life For Britain
[ "\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\"", "1750", "Gregorian calendar", "confusion", "Calendar Act of 1750" ]	[ "What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?", "When was the Calendar act enacted?", "With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar?", "What did the use of Old Style and New Style cause?", "What law did the British make to cause the use of the Gregorian calendar?" ]	"Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS).	question: What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?, answer: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" \| question: When was the Calendar act enacted?, answer: 1750 \| question: With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar?, answer: Gregorian calendar \| question: What did the use of Old Style and New Style cause?, answer: confusion \| question: What law did the British make to cause the use of the Gregorian calendar?, answer: Calendar Act of 1750
[ "guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons)", "R. D. Crawford", "frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild.", "peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams", "many languages do not distinguish between \"poultry\" and \"fowl" ]	[ "What two addtional types of birds are listed in teh Encyclopedia Britanica as poultry?", "Who is the authoor of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics?", "What is the most likely outout for the common variety of pheasant ?", "Edmund Dixon is most famous for what inclusions in his 1854 book on poultry ?", "Do all language make the distinction between poultry and fowls?" ]	"Poultry" is a term used for any kind of domesticated bird, captive-raised for its utility, and traditionally the word has been used to refer to wildfowl (Galliformes) and waterfowl (Anseriformes). "Poultry" can be defined as domestic fowls, including chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks, raised for the production of meat or eggs and the word is also used for the flesh of these birds used as food. The Encyclopædia Britannica lists the same bird groups but also includes guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons). In R. D. Crawford's Poultry breeding and genetics, squabs are omitted but Japanese quail and common pheasant are added to the list, the latter frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild. In his 1848 classic book on poultry, Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: Their History, and Management, Edmund Dixon included chapters on the peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams. In colloquial speech, the term "fowl" is often used near-synonymously with "domesticated chicken" (Gallus gallus), or with "poultry" or even just "bird", and many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl". Both words are also used for the flesh of these birds. Poultry can be distinguished from "game", defined as wild birds or mammals hunted for food or sport, a word also used to describe the flesh of these when eaten.	question: What two addtional types of birds are listed in teh Encyclopedia Britanica as poultry?, answer: guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons) \| question: Who is the authoor of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics?, answer: R. D. Crawford \| question: What is the most likely outout for the common variety of pheasant ?, answer: frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild. \| question: Edmund Dixon is most famous for what inclusions in his 1854 book on poultry ?, answer: peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams \| question: Do all language make the distinction between poultry and fowls?, answer: many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl
[ "forensic", "regional ancestry", "specific region", "particular context", "is not itself scientifically valid" ]	[ "What type of anthropology is \"race\" sometimes still used within?", "What term would Brace prefer forensic anthropologists use?", "What can forensic anthropologists determine about the ancestors of someone from their skeletal remains?", "What does Brace feel the term \"black\" in meaningful in?", "Why is it bad that a category is merely socially constructed?" ]	"Race" is still sometimes used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept "race" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional ancestry. He argues that while forensic anthropologists can determine that a skeletal remain comes from a person with ancestors in a specific region of Africa, categorizing that skeletal as being "black" is a socially constructed category that is only meaningful in the particular context of the United States, and which is not itself scientifically valid.	question: What type of anthropology is "race" sometimes still used within?, answer: forensic \| question: What term would Brace prefer forensic anthropologists use?, answer: regional ancestry \| question: What can forensic anthropologists determine about the ancestors of someone from their skeletal remains?, answer: specific region \| question: What does Brace feel the term "black" in meaningful in?, answer: particular context \| question: Why is it bad that a category is merely socially constructed?, answer: is not itself scientifically valid
[ "seven heads", "ten", "golden", "a name", "the blood of the martyrs of Jesus" ]	[ "How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have?", "The horned scarlet beast that a woman sat on had how many horns?", "What kind of cup did the woman on the scarlet horned beast have?", "What was on the forehead of the woman on the scarlet horned beast?", "Outside of the blood of the saints, on what did the woman on the scarlet horned beast become drunken?" ]	"So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. "And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: "And upon her forehead was a name written a mystery: Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and of all the abominations of the earth: And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus.	question: How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have?, answer: seven heads \| question: The horned scarlet beast that a woman sat on had how many horns?, answer: ten \| question: What kind of cup did the woman on the scarlet horned beast have?, answer: golden \| question: What was on the forehead of the woman on the scarlet horned beast?, answer: a name \| question: Outside of the blood of the saints, on what did the woman on the scarlet horned beast become drunken?, answer: the blood of the martyrs of Jesus
[ "October 29, 2012", "943 mb", "flooding and power-outages", "photograph", "the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm" ]	[ "When did \"Superstorm Sandy\" strike Atlantic City?", "\"Superstorm Sandy\" produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of what?", "Although \"Superstorm Sandy\" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur?", "What was the source of the misinformation concerning damage to the city's boardwalk?", "Why was there a photo of the Boardwalk if it wasn't actually damaged in the storm?" ]	"Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed. The source of the misinformation was a widely circulated photograph of a damaged section of the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm, and incorrect news reports at the time of the disaster. The storm produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of 943 mb (27.85") for not only Atlantic City, but the state of New Jersey.	question: When did "Superstorm Sandy" strike Atlantic City?, answer: October 29, 2012 \| question: "Superstorm Sandy" produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of what?, answer: 943 mb \| question: Although "Superstorm Sandy" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur?, answer: flooding and power-outages \| question: What was the source of the misinformation concerning damage to the city's boardwalk?, answer: photograph \| question: Why was there a photo of the Boardwalk if it wasn't actually damaged in the storm?, answer: the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm
[ "Ottomans", "eight", "complete the classes in the lower one", "near mosques", "1331" ]	[ "Who traveled abroad to get an education at madaris?", "How many madaris were started by Mehmed the Conqueror?", "How would a student matriculate to the next level of schooling in the Ottoman Empire?", "Where were Ottoman madaris built?", "When was the first Ottoman madrasa built?" ]	"The first Ottoman Medrese was created in İznik in 1331 and most Ottoman medreses followed the traditions of Sunni Islam." "When an Ottoman sultan established a new medrese, he would invite scholars from the Islamic world—for example, Murad II brought scholars from Persia, such as ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn and Fakhr al-Dīn who helped enhance the reputation of the Ottoman medrese". This reveals that the Islamic world was interconnected in the early modern period as they travelled around to other Islamic states exchanging knowledge. This sense that the Ottoman Empire was becoming modernised through globalization is also recognised by Hamadeh who says: "Change in the eighteenth century as the beginning of a long and unilinear march toward westernisation reflects the two centuries of reformation in sovereign identity." İnalcık also mentions that while scholars from for example Persia travelled to the Ottomans in order to share their knowledge, Ottomans travelled as well to receive education from scholars of these Islamic lands, such as Egypt, Persia and Turkestan. Hence, this reveals that similar to today's modern world, individuals from the early modern society travelled abroad to receive education and share knowledge and that the world was more interconnected than it seems. Also, it reveals how the system of "schooling" was also similar to today's modern world where students travel abroad to different countries for studies. Examples of Ottoman madaris are the ones built by Mehmed the Conqueror. He built eight madaris that were built "on either side of the mosque where there were eight higher madaris for specialised studies and eight lower medreses, which prepared students for these." The fact that they were built around, or near mosques reveals the religious impulses behind madrasa building and it reveals the interconnectedness between institutions of learning and religion. The students who completed their education in the lower medreses became known as danismends. This reveals that similar to the education system today, the Ottomans' educational system involved different kinds of schools attached to different kinds of levels. For example, there were lower madaris and specialised ones, and for one to get into the specialised area meant that he had to complete the classes in the lower one in order to adequately prepare himself for higher learning.	question: Who traveled abroad to get an education at madaris?, answer: Ottomans \| question: How many madaris were started by Mehmed the Conqueror?, answer: eight \| question: How would a student matriculate to the next level of schooling in the Ottoman Empire?, answer: complete the classes in the lower one \| question: Where were Ottoman madaris built?, answer: near mosques \| question: When was the first Ottoman madrasa built?, answer: 1331
[ "messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness", "subconsciousness", "mental", "physicist", "mind" ]	[ "How do receive information from the physical world?", "What type of consciousness is similar but not identical to consciousness itself?", "What is the nature of the fundamental character of reality?", "According to the author, who would have particular trouble in accepting that reality is fundamentally mental?", "What is the main thing that we experience?" ]	"The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds.... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it.... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the world of physics is constructed, has entered in the form of messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness.... Consciousness is not sharply defined, but fades into subconsciousness; and beyond that we must postulate something indefinite but yet continuous with our mental nature.... It is difficult for the matter-of-fact physicist to accept the view that the substratum of everything is of mental character. But no one can deny that mind is the first and most direct thing in our experience, and all else is remote inference."	question: How do receive information from the physical world?, answer: messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness \| question: What type of consciousness is similar but not identical to consciousness itself?, answer: subconsciousness \| question: What is the nature of the fundamental character of reality?, answer: mental \| question: According to the author, who would have particular trouble in accepting that reality is fundamentally mental?, answer: physicist \| question: What is the main thing that we experience?, answer: mind
[ "offer our program as a substitute", "motion to recommit and get a vote on that", "say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument" ]	[ "What options do minority party have in amendment phase?", "If minority party loses committ of the whole, then what motion may be filed?", "If recommit fails, then what choice needs to be made by minority representatives?" ]	"We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate," he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on the motion to recommit, our Republican members had a choice: They could vote against the Johnson program and say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument. Usually we lost; but when you're only 140 out of 435, you don't expect to win many.	question: What options do minority party have in amendment phase?, answer: offer our program as a substitute \| question: If minority party loses committ of the whole, then what motion may be filed?, answer: motion to recommit and get a vote on that \| question: If recommit fails, then what choice needs to be made by minority representatives?, answer: say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument
[ "20 to 30", "St Thomas Apostle London", "Islington", "Turner", "Sun Tavern" ]	[ "How many barrels did Lofting promise his beer pump would deliver hourly?", "What location did John Lofting live near?", "In what London borough did Nicholas Wall reside?", "What was William Tillcar's profession?", "What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to?" ]	"Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors which will deliver from 20 to 30 barrels an hour which are completely fixed with Brass Joints and Screws at Reasonable Rates. Any Person that hath occasion for the said Engines may apply themselves to the Patentee at his house near St Thomas Apostle London or to Mr. Nicholas Wall at the Workshoppe near Saddlers Wells at Islington or to Mr. William Tillcar, Turner, his agent at his house in Woodtree next door to the Sun Tavern London."	question: How many barrels did Lofting promise his beer pump would deliver hourly?, answer: 20 to 30 \| question: What location did John Lofting live near?, answer: St Thomas Apostle London \| question: In what London borough did Nicholas Wall reside?, answer: Islington \| question: What was William Tillcar's profession?, answer: Turner \| question: What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to?, answer: Sun Tavern
[ "Digital Monsters", "virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game", "a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks", "\"Digidestined\" or \"Tamers\"", "trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world" ]	[ "What does Digimon stand for?", "What forms of entertainment does the Digimon franchise include?", "What is the Digital World in which the Digimon creatures live?", "What are the people who raise Digimon called?", "What are the Digimon villians main goals?" ]	(デジモン Dejimon, branded as Digimon: Digital Monsters, stylized as DIGIMON), short for "Digital Monsters" (デジタルモンスター Dejitaru Monsutā), is a Japanese media franchise encompassing virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game. The franchise focuses on Digimon creatures, which are monsters living in a "Digital World", a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks. In many incarnations, Digimon are raised by humans called "Digidestined" or "Tamers", and they team up to defeat evil Digimon and human villains who are trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world.	question: What does Digimon stand for?, answer: Digital Monsters \| question: What forms of entertainment does the Digimon franchise include?, answer: virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game \| question: What is the Digital World in which the Digimon creatures live?, answer: a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks \| question: What are the people who raise Digimon called?, answer: "Digidestined" or "Tamers" \| question: What are the Digimon villians main goals?, answer: trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world
[ "Charles de Gaulle", "the French Navy", "Aster", "Marine Nationale", "CATOBAR" ]	[ "What is the name of the 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001?", "What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of?", "What type of missiles does the Charles de Gaulle carry?", "What is another name for the French Navy?", "What type of carrier is the Charles de Gaulle?" ]	1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopters for combat search and rescue, as well as modern electronics and Aster missiles. It is a CATOBAR-type carrier that uses two 75 m C13‑3 steam catapults of a shorter version of the catapult system installed on the U.S. Nimitz-class carriers, one catapult at the bow and one across the front of the landing area.	question: What is the name of the 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001?, answer: Charles de Gaulle \| question: What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of?, answer: the French Navy \| question: What type of missiles does the Charles de Gaulle carry?, answer: Aster \| question: What is another name for the French Navy?, answer: Marine Nationale \| question: What type of carrier is the Charles de Gaulle?, answer: CATOBAR
[ "STOBAR", "in 1985", "Tbilisi", "carrying a heavy cruiser's complement of defensive weapons and large P-700 Granit offensive missiles", "The P-700 systems" ]	[ "What type of carrier is Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov?", "When was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov first launched?", "What was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov renamed?", "What is unique about Tbilisi?", "What will be removed from Tbilisi in order to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities?" ]	1 STOBAR carrier: Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov: 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier. Launched in 1985 as Tbilisi, renamed and operational from 1995. Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conventional bombing strikes.[citation needed] Officially designated an aircraft carrying cruiser, she is unique in carrying a heavy cruiser's complement of defensive weapons and large P-700 Granit offensive missiles. The P-700 systems will be removed in the coming refit to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities as well as upgrading her defensive systems.	question: What type of carrier is Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov?, answer: STOBAR \| question: When was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov first launched?, answer: in 1985 \| question: What was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov renamed?, answer: Tbilisi \| question: What is unique about Tbilisi?, answer: carrying a heavy cruiser's complement of defensive weapons and large P-700 Granit offensive missiles \| question: What will be removed from Tbilisi in order to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities?, answer: The P-700 systems
[ "1,500 V", "two", "the Cascais Line", "Mumbai area" ]	[ "What is most common voltage for DC supply?", "How many narrow-gauge lines in Slovakia?", "What railway line is DC being used in Portugal?", "Where in India line has been converted to AC?" ]	1,500 V DC is used in the Netherlands, Japan, Republic Of Indonesia, Hong Kong (parts), Republic of Ireland, Australia (parts), India (around the Mumbai area alone, has been converted to 25 kV AC like the rest of India), France (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC), New Zealand (Wellington) and the United States (Chicago area on the Metra Electric district and the South Shore Line interurban line). In Slovakia, there are two narrow-gauge lines in the High Tatras (one a cog railway). In Portugal, it is used in the Cascais Line and in Denmark on the suburban S-train system.	question: What is most common voltage for DC supply?, answer: 1,500 V \| question: How many narrow-gauge lines in Slovakia?, answer: two \| question: What railway line is DC being used in Portugal?, answer: the Cascais Line \| question: Where in India line has been converted to AC?, answer: Mumbai area
[ "M8", "no", "West 10th Street", "Newgate Prison", "Newgate Prison" ]	[ "Which bus operates on 10th Street between Avenues D and A and between West Street and Sixth Ave?", "Does the two-way section of 10th Street have a dedicated bike lane?", "The end of what road was once home to Newgate Prison?", "Which prison was New York City's first?", "What was the name of the United States' second prison?" ]	10th Street (40°44′03″N 74°00′11″W / 40.7342580°N 74.0029670°W / 40.7342580; -74.0029670) begins at the FDR Drive and Avenue C. West of Sixth Avenue, it turns southward about 40 degrees to join the Greenwich Village street grid and continue to West Street on the Hudson River. Because West 4th Street turns northward at Sixth Avenue, it intersects 10th, 11th and 12th and 13th Streets in the West Village. The M8 bus operates on 10th Street in both directions between Avenue D and Avenue A, and eastbound between West Street and Sixth Avenue. 10th Street has an eastbound bike lane from West Street to the East River. In 2009, the two-way section of 10th Street between Avenue A and the East River had bicycle markings and sharrows installed, but it still has no dedicated bike lane. West 10th Street was previously named Amos Street for Richard Amos. The end of West 10th Street toward the Hudson River was once the home of Newgate Prison, New York City's first prison and the United States' second.	question: Which bus operates on 10th Street between Avenues D and A and between West Street and Sixth Ave?, answer: M8 \| question: Does the two-way section of 10th Street have a dedicated bike lane?, answer: no \| question: The end of what road was once home to Newgate Prison?, answer: West 10th Street \| question: Which prison was New York City's first?, answer: Newgate Prison \| question: What was the name of the United States' second prison?, answer: Newgate Prison
[ "Morningside Heights", "112th Street", "112th Street" ]	[ "Where does 112th Street start?", "Which street runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue?", "Which road meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine?" ]	112th Street starts in Morningside Heights and runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue, where it meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine. The street resumes at the eastern edge of Morningside Park and extends through Harlem before ending at First Avenue adjacent Thomas Jefferson Park in East Harlem. Notable locations include:	question: Where does 112th Street start?, answer: Morningside Heights \| question: Which street runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue?, answer: 112th Street \| question: Which road meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine?, answer: 112th Street
[ "Butler Library", "Columbia University", "southern" ]	[ "Which library is Columbia University's largest?", "114th Street marks the southern boundary of which university's Morningside Heights Campus?", "114th Street runs along which boundary of Columbia University's Morningside Heights Campus?" ]	114th Street marks the southern boundary of Columbia University’s Morningside Heights Campus and is the location of Butler Library, which is the University’s largest.	question: Which library is Columbia University's largest?, answer: Butler Library \| question: 114th Street marks the southern boundary of which university's Morningside Heights Campus?, answer: Columbia University \| question: 114th Street runs along which boundary of Columbia University's Morningside Heights Campus?, answer: southern
[ "West 11th Street", "early 20th century", "Old Grapevine", "Grace Church" ]	[ "Which street runs from Broadway to West Street?", "When was the Old Grapevine tavern demolished?", "11th Street and 6th Avenue was the home of what tavern from the 1700s?", "What church interuppts 11th Street between Broadway and Fourth Avenue?" ]	11th Street is in two parts. It is interrupted by the block containing Grace Church between Broadway and Fourth Avenue. East 11th streets runs from Fourth Avenue to Avenue C and runs past Webster Hall. West 11th Street runs from Broadway to West Street. 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the location of the Old Grapevine tavern from the 1700s to its demolition in the early 20th century.	question: Which street runs from Broadway to West Street?, answer: West 11th Street \| question: When was the Old Grapevine tavern demolished?, answer: early 20th century \| question: 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the home of what tavern from the 1700s?, answer: Old Grapevine \| question: What church interuppts 11th Street between Broadway and Fourth Avenue?, answer: Grace Church
[ "Travis Bickle", "122nd Street", "Wizard", "\"Mau Mau Land\"", "Harlem" ]	[ "Who is the main character in Taxi Driver?", "What street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver as the location where a cab driver is assaulted?", "Which character in Taxi Driver deemed 122nd Street as \"Mau Mau Land\"?", "What is the term given to 122nd Street by Wizard in Taxi Driver indicating the area is majority black?", "Which neighborhood surrounds 122nd Street?" ]	122nd Street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver by main character Travis Bickle as the location where a fellow cab driver is assaulted with a knife. The street and the surrounding neighborhood of Harlem is then referred to as "Mau Mau Land" by another character named Wizard, slang indicating it is a majority black area.	question: Who is the main character in Taxi Driver?, answer: Travis Bickle \| question: What street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver as the location where a cab driver is assaulted?, answer: 122nd Street \| question: Which character in Taxi Driver deemed 122nd Street as "Mau Mau Land"?, answer: Wizard \| question: What is the term given to 122nd Street by Wizard in Taxi Driver indicating the area is majority black?, answer: "Mau Mau Land" \| question: Which neighborhood surrounds 122nd Street?, answer: Harlem
[ "three", "C", "Greenwich Avenue", "13th Street" ]	[ "13th Street is divided into how many parts?", "The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue?", "Where does the second part of 13th Street end?", "Which street has its third section between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue?" ]	13th Street is in three parts. The first is a dead end from Avenue C. The second starts at a dead end, just before Avenue B, and runs to Greenwich Avenue, and the third part is from Eighth Avenue to Tenth Avenue.	question: 13th Street is divided into how many parts?, answer: three \| question: The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue?, answer: C \| question: Where does the second part of 13th Street end?, answer: Greenwich Avenue \| question: Which street has its third section between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue?, answer: 13th Street
[ "44%", "Portuguese", "centuries", "a Portuguese-based creole language" ]	[ "What percentage of the population speaks Kriol?", "What is the official language of Guinea-Bissau?", "How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule?", "What type of language is Kriol?" ]	14% of the population speaks the official language Portuguese, the language of government and national communication during centuries of colonial rule. 44% speak Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole language, which is effectively a national language of communication among groups. The remainder speak a variety of native African languages unique to ethnicities.	question: What percentage of the population speaks Kriol?, answer: 44% \| question: What is the official language of Guinea-Bissau?, answer: Portuguese \| question: How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule?, answer: centuries \| question: What type of language is Kriol?, answer: a Portuguese-based creole language
[ "Avenue C", "West Street", "six", "2.1" ]	[ "Where does 14th Street begin?", "Where does 14th Street end?", "How many subway stations are on 14th Street?", "What is the length of 14th Street in miles?" ]	14th Street is a main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at Avenue C and ends at West Street. Its length is 3.4 km (2.1 mi). It has six subway stations:	question: Where does 14th Street begin?, answer: Avenue C \| question: Where does 14th Street end?, answer: West Street \| question: How many subway stations are on 14th Street?, answer: six \| question: What is the length of 14th Street in miles?, answer: 2.1
[ "155", "155th Street", "155th Street", "Commissioner's Plan of 1811", "Washington Heights" ]	[ "How many crosstown streets are mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?", "Which street is the northernmost of the streets mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?", "Which street forms the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights?", "What document established Manhattan's numbered street grid?", "155th Street forms the boundary between Harlem and what other neighborhood?" ]	155th Street is a major crosstown street considered to form the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights. It is the northernmost of the 155 crosstown streets mapped out in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 that established the numbered street grid in Manhattan.	question: How many crosstown streets are mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?, answer: 155 \| question: Which street is the northernmost of the streets mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?, answer: 155th Street \| question: Which street forms the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights?, answer: 155th Street \| question: What document established Manhattan's numbered street grid?, answer: Commissioner's Plan of 1811 \| question: 155th Street forms the boundary between Harlem and what other neighborhood?, answer: Washington Heights
[ "Riverside Drive", "St. Nicholas", "490", "1893", "Bradhurst" ]	[ "Where does 155th Street start?", "155th Street crosses Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and what other Avenue?", "How many meters long is the viaduct on which 155th Street travels?", "In what year was the viaduct along 155th Street constructed?", "A section of 155th Street connects Harlem River Drive and what Avenue?" ]	155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem River, continuing onto the Macombs Dam Bridge, crossing over (but not intersecting with) the Harlem River Drive. A separate, unconnected section of 155th Street runs under the viaduct, connecting Bradhurst Avenue and the Harlem River Drive.	question: Where does 155th Street start?, answer: Riverside Drive \| question: 155th Street crosses Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and what other Avenue?, answer: St. Nicholas \| question: How many meters long is the viaduct on which 155th Street travels?, answer: 490 \| question: In what year was the viaduct along 155th Street constructed?, answer: 1893 \| question: A section of 155th Street connects Harlem River Drive and what Avenue?, answer: Bradhurst
[ "FDR Drive", "16th Street", "Stuyvesant", "Union Square" ]	[ "Where does 15th Street start?", "Which road starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C?", "16th Street pauses at which Square?", "Which Square stops both 15th and 16th Streets?" ]	15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square.	question: Where does 15th Street start?, answer: FDR Drive \| question: Which road starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C?, answer: 16th Street \| question: 16th Street pauses at which Square?, answer: Stuyvesant \| question: Which Square stops both 15th and 16th Streets?, answer: Union Square
[ "Spain", "Portugal", ". Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida", "Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side", "the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain" ]	[ "Identify a new country that joined the war in 1762?", "Identify a second new country that joined the war in 1762?", "What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict?", "Was Portugal on the side of France or Britain?", "Britain sent troops to aid Portugal. What was the result?" ]	1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida. The arrival of British reinforcements stalled a further Spanish advance, and the Battle of Valencia de Alcántara saw British-Portuguese forces overrun a major Spanish supply base. The invaders were stopped on the heights in front of Abrantes (called the pass to Lisbon) where the Anglo-Portuguese were entrenched. Eventually the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain, recovering almost all the lost towns, among them the Spanish headquarters in Castelo Branco full of wounded and sick that had been left behind.	question: Identify a new country that joined the war in 1762?, answer: Spain \| question: Identify a second new country that joined the war in 1762?, answer: Portugal \| question: What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict?, answer: . Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida \| question: Was Portugal on the side of France or Britain?, answer: Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side \| question: Britain sent troops to aid Portugal. What was the result?, answer: the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain
[ "Washington Heights", "Plaza Lafayette", "west", "Hudson River", "181st Street" ]	[ "181st Street runs through what neighborhood?", "What is the west end of 181st Street called?", "Does Plaza Lafayette refer to the east or west end of 181st Street?", "Which river does 181st Street run near?", "Which road runs from the Washington Bridge to the Henry Hudson Parkway?" ]	181st Street is a major thoroughfare running through the Washington Heights neighborhood. It runs from the Washington Bridge in the east, to the Henry Hudson Parkway in the west, near the George Washington Bridge and the Hudson River. The west end is called Plaza Lafayette.	question: 181st Street runs through what neighborhood?, answer: Washington Heights \| question: What is the west end of 181st Street called?, answer: Plaza Lafayette \| question: Does Plaza Lafayette refer to the east or west end of 181st Street?, answer: west \| question: Which river does 181st Street run near?, answer: Hudson River \| question: Which road runs from the Washington Bridge to the Henry Hudson Parkway?, answer: 181st Street
[ "two", "500", "Fort Washington Avenue", "181st Street" ]	[ "How many subway lines serve 181st Street?", "How many metres apart are 181st Street's two subway stations?", "On what avenue is the George Wasington Bridge Bus Terminal?", "Which road is the Trans-Manhattan Expressway's last south/west exit?" ]	181st Street is served by two New York City Subway lines; there is a 181st Street station at Fort Washington Avenue on the IND Eighth Avenue Line (A trains) and a 181st Street station at St. Nicholas Avenue on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (1 trains). The stations are about 500 metres (550 yd) from each other and are not connected. The George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal is a couple of blocks south on Fort Washington Avenue. 181st Street is also the last south/west exit in New York on the Trans-Manhattan Expressway (I-95), just before crossing the George Washington Bridge to New Jersey.	question: How many subway lines serve 181st Street?, answer: two \| question: How many metres apart are 181st Street's two subway stations?, answer: 500 \| question: On what avenue is the George Wasington Bridge Bus Terminal?, answer: Fort Washington Avenue \| question: Which road is the Trans-Manhattan Expressway's last south/west exit?, answer: 181st Street
[ "the Turks", "20000 troops", "Marani", "30000", "reinforcements" ]	[ "Who captured the border front of Saint Nicholas during a night attack?", "How many troops did the Turks have when crossing the Cholok River?", "After giving up their position at Poti and Redut Kale, where did the Russians retreat to?", "How many troops did the Turks send to Gyumri?", "What were the Turks waiting for when positioned near Akhaltsike?" ]	1853: There were four main events. 1. In the north the Turks captured the border fort of Saint Nicholas in a surprise night attack (27/28 October). They then pushed about 20000 troops across the Cholok River border. Being outnumbered the Russians abandoned Poti and Redut Kale and drew back to Marani. Both sides remained immobile for the next seven months. 2. In the center the Turks moved north from Ardahan to within cannon-shot of Akhaltsike and awaited reinforcements (13 November). The Russians routed them. The claimed losses were 4000 Turks and 400 Russians. 3. In the south about 30000 Turks slowly moved east to the main Russian concentration at Gyumri or Alexandropol (November). They crossed the border and set up artillery south of town. Prince Orbeliani tried to drive them off and found himself trapped. The Turks failed to press their advantage, the remaining Russians rescued Orbeliani and the Turks retired west. Orbeliani lost about 1000 men out of 5000. The Russians now decided to advance, the Turks took up a strong position on the Kars road and attacked. They were defeated in the battle of Başgedikler, losing 6000 men, half their artillery and all their supply train. The Russians lost 1300, including Prince Orbeliani. This was Prince Ellico Orbeliani whose wife was later kidnaped by Shamyl at Tsinandali. 4. At sea the Turks sent a fleet east which was destroyed by Admiral Nakhimov at Sinope.	question: Who captured the border front of Saint Nicholas during a night attack?, answer: the Turks \| question: How many troops did the Turks have when crossing the Cholok River?, answer: 20000 troops \| question: After giving up their position at Poti and Redut Kale, where did the Russians retreat to?, answer: Marani \| question: How many troops did the Turks send to Gyumri?, answer: 30000 \| question: What were the Turks waiting for when positioned near Akhaltsike?, answer: reinforcements
[ "the western powers", "8000", "Sukhum Kale", "the Ingur River", "the Tskhenis-dzqali" ]	[ "Who vetoed Omar Pasha from landing in Georgia?", "In September of 1855, how many Turks could be found at Batum?", "When landing at Batum, what were the Turks primary focus?", "What river divides Abkhazia from Georgia?", "What did Omar Pasha finally reach on December 2nd 1855?" ]	1855: Georgian coast: Omar Pasha, the Turkish commander at Crimea had long wanted to land in Georgia, but the western powers vetoed it. When they relented in August most of the campaigning season was lost. In September 8000 Turks landed at Batum, but the main concentration was at Sukhum Kale. This required a 100-mile march south through a country with poor roads. The Russians planned to hold the line of the Ingur River which separates Abkhazia from Georgia proper. Omar crossed the Ingur on 7 November and then wasted a great deal of time, the Russians doing little. By 2 December he had reached the Tskhenis-dzqali, the rainy season had started, his camps were submerged in mud and there was no bread. Learning of the fall of Kars he withdrew to the Ingur. The Russians did nothing and he evacuated to Batum in February of the following year.	question: Who vetoed Omar Pasha from landing in Georgia?, answer: the western powers \| question: In September of 1855, how many Turks could be found at Batum?, answer: 8000 \| question: When landing at Batum, what were the Turks primary focus?, answer: Sukhum Kale \| question: What river divides Abkhazia from Georgia?, answer: the Ingur River \| question: What did Omar Pasha finally reach on December 2nd 1855?, answer: the Tskhenis-dzqali
[ "disease", "75,000", "The local Armenian population", "starve them out", "Erzerum" ]	[ "What caused the number of Turkish soldiers to decrease?", "How man troops were the Turks forces in the east reduced to?", "Who kept Muravyev informed about the Turks at Kar?", "What did Muravyev attend to do to the Turks in order to defeat them?", "What city did Muravyev decide not to take control over?" ]	1855:Kars: In the year up to May 1855 Turkish forces in the east were reduced from 120,000 to 75,000, mostly by disease. The local Armenian population kept Muravyev well-informed about the Turks at Kars and he judged they had about five months of supplies. He therefore decided to control the surrounding area with cavalry and starve them out. He started in May and by June was south and west of the town. A relieving force fell back and there was a possibility of taking Erzerum, but Muravyev chose not to. In late September he learned of the fall of Sevastopol and a Turkish landing at Batum. This led him to reverse policy and try a direct attack. It failed, the Russians losing 8000 men and the Turks 1500 (29 September). The blockade continued and Kars surrendered on 8 November.	question: What caused the number of Turkish soldiers to decrease?, answer: disease \| question: How man troops were the Turks forces in the east reduced to?, answer: 75,000 \| question: Who kept Muravyev informed about the Turks at Kar?, answer: The local Armenian population \| question: What did Muravyev attend to do to the Turks in order to defeat them?, answer: starve them out \| question: What city did Muravyev decide not to take control over?, answer: Erzerum
[ "Chittenden Avenue", "stairs", "Broadway valley", "Hudson Heights" ]	[ "187th Street runs from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to which avenue in the west?", "What is 187th Street interrupted by?", "Where do the stairs interrupting 187th street lead to?", "An area of 187th Street serves as the main shopping district for which neighborhood?" ]	187th Street crosses Washington Heights and running from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to Chittenden Avenue in the west near the George Washington Bridge and Hudson River. The street is interrupted by a long set of stairs east of Fort Washington Avenue leading to the Broadway valley. West of there, it is mostly lined with store fronts and serves as a main shopping district for the Hudson Heights neighborhood.	question: 187th Street runs from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to which avenue in the west?, answer: Chittenden Avenue \| question: What is 187th Street interrupted by?, answer: stairs \| question: Where do the stairs interrupting 187th street lead to?, answer: Broadway valley \| question: An area of 187th Street serves as the main shopping district for which neighborhood?, answer: Hudson Heights
[ "Laurel Hill Terrace", "Chittenden Avenue", "187th Street" ]	[ "Which is the eastmost intersection that 187th Street has?", "Which is the westernmost intersection that 187th Street has?", "Wadsworth Avenue is intersected by what street?" ]	187th Street intersects with, from East to West, Laurel Hill Terrace, Amsterdam Avenue, Audubon Avenue, St. Nicholas Avenue, Wadsworth Avenue, Broadway, Bennett Avenue, Overlook Terrace, Fort Washington Avenue, Pinehurst Avenue, Cabrini Boulevard and Chittenden Avenue.	question: Which is the eastmost intersection that 187th Street has?, answer: Laurel Hill Terrace \| question: Which is the westernmost intersection that 187th Street has?, answer: Chittenden Avenue \| question: Wadsworth Avenue is intersected by what street?, answer: 187th Street
[ "subway station", "IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line", "IRT Lexington Avenue Line" ]	[ "What is at the crossing of 18th Street and Seventh Avenue?", "Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve?", "Which train line used to have an 18th Street Station at the crossing with Park Avenue South?" ]	18th Street has a local subway station at the crossing with Seventh Avenue, served by the 1 2 trains on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line. There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South.	question: What is at the crossing of 18th Street and Seventh Avenue?, answer: subway station \| question: Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve?, answer: IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line \| question: Which train line used to have an 18th Street Station at the crossing with Park Avenue South?, answer: IRT Lexington Avenue Line
[ "1770", "James Cook", "St. James' Church", "Plantation House" ]	[ "When did the Island start to experience a period of prosperity?", "What captain visited the island in 1775 on their trip around the world?", "What church was erected in Jamestown in 1774?", "What is the official residence of the governor?" ]	18th century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by implementing tree plantation, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol and introducing legal reforms. From about 1770, the island enjoyed a lengthy period of prosperity. Captain James Cook visited the island in 1775 on the final leg of his second circumnavigation of the world. St. James' Church was erected in Jamestown in 1774 and in 1791–92 Plantation House was built, and has since been the official residence of the Governor.	question: When did the Island start to experience a period of prosperity?, answer: 1770 \| question: What captain visited the island in 1775 on their trip around the world?, answer: James Cook \| question: What church was erected in Jamestown in 1774?, answer: St. James' Church \| question: What is the official residence of the governor?, answer: Plantation House
[ "snare-less", "Swedish House Mafia", "Dirty Dutch", "Lady Gaga", "2010" ]	[ "What was different about swedish progressive house music?", "Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, and Steve Angello formed what successful trio?", "What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios?", "Progressive house blended sounds were prominent in the song \"Marry the Night\" by what popular artist?", "Big room house has found increasing popularity since what year?" ]	2010s saw multiple new sounds in house music developed by numerous DJs. Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less "Swedish progressive house" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello (These three formed a trio called Swedish House Mafia), Avicii, Alesso, etc. Netherlands brought together a concept of "Dirty Dutch", electro house subgenre characterized by very abrasive leads and darker arpeggios, with prominent DJs Chuckie, Hardwell, Laidback Luke, Afrojack, R3hab, Bingo Players, Quintino, Alvaro, Cedric Gervais, 2G, etc. Elsewhere, fusion genres derivative of 2000s progressive house returned to prominence, especially with the help of DJs Calvin Harris, Eric Prydz, Mat Zo, Above & Beyond and Fonzerelli in Europe, Deadmau5, Kaskade, Steve Aoki, Porter Robinson and Wolfgang Gartner in the US and Canada. The growing popularity of such artists led to the emergence of electro house and progressive house blended sounds in popular music, such as singles Lady Gaga's "Marry the Night", The Black Eyed Peas' "The Best One Yet (The Boy)" and the will.i.am and Britney Spears "Scream & Shout". Big room house found increasing popularity since 2010, particularly through international dance music festivals such as Tomorrowland, Ultra Music Festival, and Electric Daisy Carnival.	question: What was different about swedish progressive house music?, answer: snare-less \| question: Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, and Steve Angello formed what successful trio?, answer: Swedish House Mafia \| question: What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios?, answer: Dirty Dutch \| question: Progressive house blended sounds were prominent in the song "Marry the Night" by what popular artist?, answer: Lady Gaga \| question: Big room house has found increasing popularity since what year?, answer: 2010
[ "Avenue C", "First", "very wide", "20th Street", "in the opposite direction" ]	[ "Where does 10th Street start?", "At which Avenue do 21st and 22nd Streets begin?", "What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue?", "Which street is much wider from Avenue C to First Avenue?", "How does traffic travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st, and 22nd Streets?" ]	20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from the Avenue C to First Avenue.	question: Where does 10th Street start?, answer: Avenue C \| question: At which Avenue do 21st and 22nd Streets begin?, answer: First \| question: What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue?, answer: very wide \| question: Which street is much wider from Avenue C to First Avenue?, answer: 20th Street \| question: How does traffic travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st, and 22nd Streets?, answer: in the opposite direction
[ "modern techniques of organic chemical analysis", "all plant cells are totipotent", "Gottlieb Haberlandt" ]	[ "What enables scientists to better study plants now?", "What opened the door to plant genetic engineering?", "Who introduced the idea that cells could be grown in vitro?" ]	20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the relationship between the plant genome and most aspects of the biochemistry, physiology, morphology and behaviour of plants can be subjected to detailed experimental analysis. The concept originally stated by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 that all plant cells are totipotent and can be grown in vitro ultimately enabled the use of genetic engineering experimentally to knock out a gene or genes responsible for a specific trait, or to add genes such as GFP that report when a gene of interest is being expressed. These technologies enable the biotechnological use of whole plants or plant cell cultures grown in bioreactors to synthesise pesticides, antibiotics or other pharmaceuticals, as well as the practical application of genetically modified crops designed for traits such as improved yield.	question: What enables scientists to better study plants now?, answer: modern techniques of organic chemical analysis \| question: What opened the door to plant genetic engineering?, answer: all plant cells are totipotent \| question: Who introduced the idea that cells could be grown in vitro?, answer: Gottlieb Haberlandt
[ "220th Street", "228", "263", "Battery Park City", "Alphabet City" ]	[ "What is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island?", "What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan?", "What is the highest street number in the Bronx?", "Where is First Place located?", "Where is East First Street located?" ]	220th Street is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island. Marble Hill is also within the borough of Manhattan, so the highest street number in the borough is 228th Street. However, the numbering continues in the Bronx up to 263rd Street. The lowest number is East First Street—which runs in Alphabet City near East Houston Street—as well as First Place in Battery Park City.	question: What is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island?, answer: 220th Street \| question: What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan?, answer: 228 \| question: What is the highest street number in the Bronx?, answer: 263 \| question: Where is First Place located?, answer: Battery Park City \| question: Where is East First Street located?, answer: Alphabet City
[ "FDR Drive", "Eleventh Avenue", "3.1 km", "two-way", "five" ]	[ "Where does 23rd Street begin?", "Where does 23rd Street end?", "What is the length of 23rd Street in kilometers?", "Does traffic move in one or two ways on 23rd Street?", "How many local subway stations are on 23rd Street?" ]	23rd Street is another main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at FDR Drive and ends at Eleventh Avenue. Its length is 3.1 km/1.9m. It has two-way travel. On 23rd Street there are five local subway stations:	question: Where does 23rd Street begin?, answer: FDR Drive \| question: Where does 23rd Street end?, answer: Eleventh Avenue \| question: What is the length of 23rd Street in kilometers?, answer: 3.1 km \| question: Does traffic move in one or two ways on 23rd Street?, answer: two-way \| question: How many local subway stations are on 23rd Street?, answer: five
[ "25th Street", "First Avenue", "Madison Square Park", "Madison", "Fifth Avenue" ]	[ "Which street is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue?", "Where does 24th street start?", "Which park is at the end of 24th Street and Madison Avenue?", "Where does 25th Street end?", "After being interrupted, where do 24th and 25th Streets continue from?" ]	24th Street is in two parts. 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park. 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fifth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue (25th) or Twelfth Avenue (24th).	question: Which street is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue?, answer: 25th Street \| question: Where does 24th street start?, answer: First Avenue \| question: Which park is at the end of 24th Street and Madison Avenue?, answer: Madison Square Park \| question: Where does 25th Street end?, answer: Madison \| question: After being interrupted, where do 24th and 25th Streets continue from?, answer: Fifth Avenue
[ "Moussa Traoré", "three associates", "26 March", "death sentence", "their part in the decision-making" ]	[ "Who was president during the March protests?", "How many people aside from the president received a death sentence?", "What day is now a National holiday in connection to Moussa Traoré?", "All four men were convicted and received what as punishment?", "Those that received the death sentence had gotten it for their role in what?" ]	26 March 1991 is the day that marks the clash between military soldiers and peaceful demonstrating students which climaxed in the massacre of dozens under the orders of then President Moussa Traoré. He and three associates were later tried and convicted and received the death sentence for their part in the decision-making of that day. Nowadays, the day is a national holiday in order to remember the tragic events and the people that were killed.[unreliable source?] The coup is remembered as Mali's March Revolution of 1991.	question: Who was president during the March protests?, answer: Moussa Traoré \| question: How many people aside from the president received a death sentence?, answer: three associates \| question: What day is now a National holiday in connection to Moussa Traoré?, answer: 26 March \| question: All four men were convicted and received what as punishment?, answer: death sentence \| question: Those that received the death sentence had gotten it for their role in what?, answer: their part in the decision-making
[ "27th Street", "Club Row", "Club Row", "one-way", "Second Avenue" ]	[ "Which street does Club Row occur on?", "Which strip is known for its numerous nightclubs and lounges?", "What is the strip of 27th Street between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues known as?", "Does traffuc on 27th Street run one-way or two-ways?", "Where does 27th Street start?" ]	27th Street is a one-way street runs from Second Avenue to the West Side Highway with an interruption between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue. It is most noted for its strip between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, known as Club Row because it features numerous nightclubs and lounges.	question: Which street does Club Row occur on?, answer: 27th Street \| question: Which strip is known for its numerous nightclubs and lounges?, answer: Club Row \| question: What is the strip of 27th Street between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues known as?, answer: Club Row \| question: Does traffuc on 27th Street run one-way or two-ways?, answer: one-way \| question: Where does 27th Street start?, answer: Second Avenue
[ "3 kV DC", "25 kV 50 Hz AC", "Western Railroad", "AC" ]	[ "What voltage is being used in railway system of South Africa and Chile?", "Besides using 3kV DC what other power type is used in the former Soviet Union countries?", "What was New Jersey Transit called before?", "What does the railway system of US use DC or AC?" ]	3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the Continental Divide and including extensive branch and loop lines in Montana, and by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (now New Jersey Transit, converted to 25 kV AC) in the United States, and the Kolkata suburban railway (Bardhaman Main Line) in India, before it was converted to 25 kV 50 Hz AC.	question: What voltage is being used in railway system of South Africa and Chile?, answer: 3 kV DC \| question: Besides using 3kV DC what other power type is used in the former Soviet Union countries?, answer: 25 kV 50 Hz AC \| question: What was New Jersey Transit called before?, answer: Western Railroad \| question: What does the railway system of US use DC or AC?, answer: AC
[ "West Side Yard", "Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi", "Grolier Club", "Grand Hotel", "Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist" ]	[ "Where does 31st Street begin?", "Which church is situated at 135-139 West 31st Street?", "Who owned the building at 29 East 32nd Street between 1890 and 1917?", "The corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is home to what business?", "Which religios center is located at 210 West?" ]	31st Street begins on the West Side at the West Side Yard, while 32nd Street, which includes a segment officially known as Korea Way between Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan's Koreatown, begins at the entrance to Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. On the East Side, both streets end at Second Avenue at Kips Bay Towers and NYU Medical Center which occupy the area between 30th and 34th Streets. The Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi is situated at 135–139 West 31st Street. At 210 West is the Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist, part of St. John the Baptist Church on 30th Street. At the corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is the Grand Hotel. The former Hotel Pierrepont was located at 43 West 32nd Street, The Continental NYC tower is at the corner of Sixth Avenue and 32nd Street. 29 East 32nd Street was the location of the first building owned by the Grolier Club between 1890 and 1917.	question: Where does 31st Street begin?, answer: West Side Yard \| question: Which church is situated at 135-139 West 31st Street?, answer: Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi \| question: Who owned the building at 29 East 32nd Street between 1890 and 1917?, answer: Grolier Club \| question: The corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is home to what business?, answer: Grand Hotel \| question: Which religios center is located at 210 West?, answer: Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist
[ "FDR Drive", "Eleventh Avenue", "35th Street", "35th Street", "35th Street" ]	[ "Where does 35th Street begin?", "Where does 35th Street end?", "On which street does LaptopMD headquarters sit?", "On which street is the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center located?", "Which street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue?" ]	35th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. Notable locations include East River Ferry, LaptopMD headquarters, Mercy College Manhattan Campus, and Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.	question: Where does 35th Street begin?, answer: FDR Drive \| question: Where does 35th Street end?, answer: Eleventh Avenue \| question: On which street does LaptopMD headquarters sit?, answer: 35th Street \| question: On which street is the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center located?, answer: 35th Street \| question: Which street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue?, answer: 35th Street
[ "Riverside Drive", "120th Street", "120th Street", "Maya Angelou", "FDR Drive" ]	[ "On which road does 120th Street begin?", "The Interchurch Center is the start of which street?", "Morningside Park interrupts which street?", "Who formerly lived at 58 West?", "120th Street turns into Paladino Avenue and into a pedestrian bridge across what road?" ]	40°48′27″N 73°57′18″W / 40.8076°N 73.9549°W / 40.8076; -73.9549 120th Street traverses the neighborhoods of Morningside Heights, Harlem, and Spanish Harlem. It begins on Riverside Drive at the Interchurch Center. It then runs east between the campuses of Barnard College and the Union Theological Seminary, then crosses Broadway and runs between the campuses of Columbia University and Teacher's College. The street is interrupted by Morningside Park. It then continues east, eventually running along the southern edge of Marcus Garvey Park, passing by 58 West, the former residence of Maya Angelou. It then continues through Spanish Harlem; when it crosses Pleasant Avenue it becomes a two‑way street and continues nearly to the East River, where for automobiles, it turns north and becomes Paladino Avenue, and for pedestrians, continues as a bridge across FDR Drive.	question: On which road does 120th Street begin?, answer: Riverside Drive \| question: The Interchurch Center is the start of which street?, answer: 120th Street \| question: Morningside Park interrupts which street?, answer: 120th Street \| question: Who formerly lived at 58 West?, answer: Maya Angelou \| question: 120th Street turns into Paladino Avenue and into a pedestrian bridge across what road?, answer: FDR Drive
[ "Marcus Garvey", "Morningside Park", "three", "noncontiguous" ]	[ "Which memorial park divides 122nd Street?", "Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park?", "How many segments is 122nd Street divided into?", "Are 122nd Street's three segments contiguous or noncontiguous?" ]	40°48′32″N 73°57′14″W / 40.8088°N 73.9540°W / 40.8088; -73.9540 122nd Street is divided into three noncontiguous segments, E 122nd Street, W 122nd Street, and W 122nd Street Seminary Row, by Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and Morningside Park.	question: Which memorial park divides 122nd Street?, answer: Marcus Garvey \| question: Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park?, answer: Morningside Park \| question: How many segments is 122nd Street divided into?, answer: three \| question: Are 122nd Street's three segments contiguous or noncontiguous?, answer: noncontiguous
[ "La Salle Street", "Claremont", "West Harlem", "125th Street", "La Salle Street" ]	[ "Which street in West Harlem runs just two blocks between Amersterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue?", "La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue?", "In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run?", "Which street was swallowed up to make low income housing projects?", "Which street is the only area left of the routing onto old Manhattan Avenue?" ]	40°48′47″N 73°57′27″W / 40.813°N 73.9575°W / 40.813; -73.9575 La Salle Street is a street in West Harlem that runs just two blocks between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue. West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed onto the old Manhattan Avenue. The original 125th Street west of Convent Avenue was swallowed up to make the super-blocks where the low income housing projects now exist. La Salle Street is the only vestige of the original routing.	question: Which street in West Harlem runs just two blocks between Amersterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue?, answer: La Salle Street \| question: La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue?, answer: Claremont \| question: In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run?, answer: West Harlem \| question: Which street was swallowed up to make low income housing projects?, answer: 125th Street \| question: Which street is the only area left of the routing onto old Manhattan Avenue?, answer: La Salle Street
[ "West 132nd Street", "132nd Street", "Park Avenue", "City College", "St. Nicholas Park" ]	[ "There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue?", "The main portion of what road runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to Park Avenue?", "On what Avenue is a southbound exit and entrance to the Harlem River Drive?", "West 132nd Street is interrupted by St. Nicholas Park and which college?", "West 132nd Street is interrupted by City College and which park?" ]	40°48′52″N 73°56′53″W / 40.814583°N 73.947944°W / 40.814583; -73.947944 132nd Street runs east-west above Central Park and is located in Harlem just south of Hamilton Heights. The main portion of 132nd Street runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to northern end of Park Avenue where there is a southbound exit from/entrance to the Harlem River Drive. After an interruption from St. Nicholas Park and City College, there is another small stretch of West 132nd Street between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue	question: There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue?, answer: West 132nd Street \| question: The main portion of what road runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to Park Avenue?, answer: 132nd Street \| question: On what Avenue is a southbound exit and entrance to the Harlem River Drive?, answer: Park Avenue \| question: West 132nd Street is interrupted by St. Nicholas Park and which college?, answer: City College \| question: West 132nd Street is interrupted by City College and which park?, answer: St. Nicholas Park
[ "Monte Rosa", "Matterhorn", "48", "Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais" ]	[ "What is the highest mountain in Switzerland?", "What is often regarded as the most famous mountain in Switzerland?", "How many of Switzerland's mountains are at least 4000 meters above sea level?", "Where are both Monte Rosa and Matterhorn located?" ]	48 of Switzerland's mountains are 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) above sea in altitude or higher. At 4,634 m (15,203 ft), Monte Rosa is the highest, although the Matterhorn (4,478 m or 14,692 ft) is often regarded as the most famous. Both are located within the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. The section of the Bernese Alps above the deep glacial Lauterbrunnen valley, containing 72 waterfalls, is well known for the Jungfrau (4,158 m or 13,642 ft) Eiger and Mönch, and the many picturesque valleys in the region. In the southeast the long Engadin Valley, encompassing the St. Moritz area in canton of Graubünden, is also well known; the highest peak in the neighbouring Bernina Alps is Piz Bernina (4,049 m or 13,284 ft).	question: What is the highest mountain in Switzerland?, answer: Monte Rosa \| question: What is often regarded as the most famous mountain in Switzerland?, answer: Matterhorn \| question: How many of Switzerland's mountains are at least 4000 meters above sea level?, answer: 48 \| question: Where are both Monte Rosa and Matterhorn located?, answer: Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais
[ "50i, 25p and 50p", "60 Hz", "whole numbers", "ambiguity" ]	[ "What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support?", "Which system suports 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p, and 60p", "SD television fractional rates were often rounded to what?", "Strict notation is required with HD fractional rates to avoid what?" ]	50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 50i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g. 23.976p was often called 24p, or 59.94i was often called 60i. 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity. Nevertheless, 29.97i/59.94i is almost universally called 60i, likewise 23.976p is called 24p.	question: What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support?, answer: 50i, 25p and 50p \| question: Which system suports 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p, and 60p, answer: 60 Hz \| question: SD television fractional rates were often rounded to what?, answer: whole numbers \| question: Strict notation is required with HD fractional rates to avoid what?, answer: ambiguity
[ "630", "2,000", "thousands" ]	[ "How many people died because of the bombs dropped on Southampton?", "In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton?", "Was it hundreds or thousands of buildings in Southampton that sustained damage from air raids?" ]	630 people lost their lives as a result of the air raids on Southampton and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed.	question: How many people died because of the bombs dropped on Southampton?, answer: 630 \| question: In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton?, answer: 2,000 \| question: Was it hundreds or thousands of buildings in Southampton that sustained damage from air raids?, answer: thousands
[ "64Zn", "intense gamma radiation", "anti-corrosion agent", "65Zn" ]	[ "What is the most abundant zinc isotope?", "What does 65Zn produce?", "Why is zinc oxide used in nuclear reactors?", "What is used to study how alloys containing zinc wear out?" ]	64Zn, the most abundant isotope of zinc, is very susceptible to neutron activation, being transmuted into the highly radioactive 65Zn, which has a half-life of 244 days and produces intense gamma radiation. Because of this, Zinc Oxide used in nuclear reactors as an anti-corrosion agent is depleted of 64Zn before use, this is called depleted zinc oxide. For the same reason, zinc has been proposed as a salting material for nuclear weapons (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). A jacket of isotopically enriched 64Zn would be irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding thermonuclear weapon, forming a large amount of 65Zn significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's fallout. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used. 65Zn is also used as a tracer to study how alloys that contain zinc wear out, or the path and the role of zinc in organisms.	question: What is the most abundant zinc isotope?, answer: 64Zn \| question: What does 65Zn produce?, answer: intense gamma radiation \| question: Why is zinc oxide used in nuclear reactors?, answer: anti-corrosion agent \| question: What is used to study how alloys containing zinc wear out?, answer: 65Zn
[ "Thales of Miletus", "Athens", "Democritus", "Epicurus" ]	[ "Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?", "Where did this type of thinking next travel to?", "Who first introduced the idea that matter is made of atoms?", "Who was the first person to provide education opportunities to females?" ]	6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomorphic gods and Xenophanes refused to recognise the gods of his time and reserved the divine for the principle of unity in the universe. These Ionian Greeks were the first thinkers to assert that nature is available to be studied separately from the supernatural realm. Anaxagoras brought philosophy and the spirit of rational inquiry from Ionia to Athens. Pericles, the leader of Athens during the period of its greatest glory was an admirer of Anaxagoras. Other influential pre-Socratics or rational philosophers include Protagoras (like Anaxagoras a friend of Pericles), known for his famous dictum "man is the measure of all things" and Democritus, who proposed that matter was composed of atoms. Little of the written work of these early philosophers survives and they are known mainly from fragments and quotations in other writers, principally Plato and Aristotle. The historian Thucydides, noted for his scientific and rational approach to history, is also much admired by later humanists. In the 3rd century BCE, Epicurus became known for his concise phrasing of the problem of evil, lack of belief in the afterlife, and human-centred approaches to achieving eudaimonia. He was also the first Greek philosopher to admit women to his school as a rule.	question: Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?, answer: Thales of Miletus \| question: Where did this type of thinking next travel to?, answer: Athens \| question: Who first introduced the idea that matter is made of atoms?, answer: Democritus \| question: Who was the first person to provide education opportunities to females?, answer: Epicurus
[ "83%", "Christianity", "20%", "Ellinah Wamukoya", "14" ]	[ "What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian?", "Which religious belief is most prevelant in Swaziland?", "What amount of Swazi Christians are Roman Catholic?", "Who is the Anglican Bishop of Swaziland?", "How many Jewish families are there in Swaziland?" ]	83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa. 15% of the population follows traditional religions; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include Islam (1%), the Bahá'í Faith (0.5%), and Hinduism (0.2%). There are 14 Jewish families.	question: What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian?, answer: 83% \| question: Which religious belief is most prevelant in Swaziland?, answer: Christianity \| question: What amount of Swazi Christians are Roman Catholic?, answer: 20% \| question: Who is the Anglican Bishop of Swaziland?, answer: Ellinah Wamukoya \| question: How many Jewish families are there in Swaziland?, answer: 14
[ "shopping", "St Mark's Place", "Avenue D", "Sixth Avenue", "Tompkins Square Park" ]	[ "West 8th Street is an important local street for what activity?", "8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what?", "Where do 8th and 9th Streets begin?", "Where do 8th and 9th Streets end?", "Which park interrupts 8th and 9th Street at Avenue B?" ]	8th and 9th Streets run parallel to each other, beginning at Avenue D, interrupted by Tompkins Square Park at Avenue B, resuming at Avenue A and continuing to Sixth Avenue. West 8th Street is an important local shopping street. 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in the length below.	question: West 8th Street is an important local street for what activity?, answer: shopping \| question: 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what?, answer: St Mark's Place \| question: Where do 8th and 9th Streets begin?, answer: Avenue D \| question: Where do 8th and 9th Streets end?, answer: Sixth Avenue \| question: Which park interrupts 8th and 9th Street at Avenue B?, answer: Tompkins Square Park
[ "East 90th Street", "Our Lady of Good Counsel Church", "Ruppert Towers", "Asphalt Green" ]	[ "Which street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park?", "Which church is located on East 90th Street between Second and Third Avenue?", "Which towers are located at 1601 and 1619 Third Avenue?", "What is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue?" ]	90th Street is split into two segments. The first segment, West 90th Street begins at Riverside Drive and ends at Central Park West or West Drive, when it is open, in Central Park on the Upper West Side. The second segment of East 90th Street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park. When East Drive is closed, East 90th Street begins at Fifth Avenue on the Upper East Side and curves to the right at the FDR Drive becoming East End Avenue. Our Lady of Good Counsel Church, is located on East 90th Street between Third Avenue and Second Avenue, across the street from Ruppert Towers (1601 and 1619 Third Avenue) and Ruppert Park. Asphalt Green, which is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue.	question: Which street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park?, answer: East 90th Street \| question: Which church is located on East 90th Street between Second and Third Avenue?, answer: Our Lady of Good Counsel Church \| question: Which towers are located at 1601 and 1619 Third Avenue?, answer: Ruppert Towers \| question: What is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue?, answer: Asphalt Green
[ "a device for pumping beer", "to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar" ]	[ "What is a \"beer engine\"?", "What is the function of a \"beer engine\"?" ]	A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar.	question: What is a "beer engine"?, answer: a device for pumping beer \| question: What is the function of a "beer engine"?, answer: to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar
[ "country pub", "serving travellers as coaching inns", "the last thirty" ]	[ "What is another name for a rural public house?", "What was a function of distant country pubs before the rise of motor vehicles?", "Over what period of years has the traditional function of country pubs been changing?" ]	A "country pub" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and exchange (often local) news, while others—especially those away from village centres—existed for the general purpose, before the advent of motor transport, of serving travellers as coaching inns.	question: What is another name for a rural public house?, answer: country pub \| question: What was a function of distant country pubs before the rise of motor vehicles?, answer: serving travellers as coaching inns \| question: Over what period of years has the traditional function of country pubs been changing?, answer: the last thirty
[ "\"G\"", "\"stack\"", "the Roman numeral for 100", "$50", "Monopoly money" ]	[ "What is a \"grand\" sometimes shortened to?", "What is another term other than \"large\" that means a stack of mutiple thousands?", "What is a \"C-note\" a reference to?", "Which note is occasionally called a \"yardstick\"?", "What is another term for \"bigface\" notes?" ]	A "grand", sometimes shortened to simply "G", is a common term for the amount of $1,000. The suffix "K" or "k" (from "kilo-") is also commonly used to denote this amount (such as "$10k" to mean $10,000). However, the $1,000 note is no longer in general use. A "large" or "stack", it is usually a reference to a multiple of $1,000 (such as "fifty large" meaning $50,000). The $100 note is nicknamed "Benjamin", "Benji", "Ben", or "Franklin" (after Benjamin Franklin), "C-note" (C being the Roman numeral for 100), "Century note" or "bill" (e.g. "two bills" being $200). The $50 note is occasionally called a "yardstick" or a "grant" (after President Ulysses S. Grant, pictured on the obverse). The $20 note is referred to as a "double sawbuck", "Jackson" (after Andrew Jackson), or "double eagle". The $10 note is referred to as a "sawbuck", "ten-spot" or "Hamilton" (after Alexander Hamilton). The $5 note as "Lincoln", "fin", "fiver" or "five-spot". The infrequently-used $2 note is sometimes called "deuce", "Tom", or "Jefferson" (after Thomas Jefferson). The $1 note as a "single" or "buck". The dollar has also been, referred to as a "bone" and "bones" in plural (e.g. "twenty bones" is equal to $20). The newer designs, with portraits displayed in the main body of the obverse rather than in cameo insets upon paper color-coded by denomination, are sometimes referred to as "bigface" notes or "Monopoly money".	question: What is a "grand" sometimes shortened to?, answer: "G" \| question: What is another term other than "large" that means a stack of mutiple thousands?, answer: "stack" \| question: What is a "C-note" a reference to?, answer: the Roman numeral for 100 \| question: Which note is occasionally called a "yardstick"?, answer: $50 \| question: What is another term for "bigface" notes?, answer: Monopoly money
[ "\"lock-in\"", "Licensing Act 2003", "1915", "allowing smoking" ]	[ "What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed?", "What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm?", "A law of what year prompted the existence of the \"lock-in\"?", "What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution?" ]	A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in the licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. Since 1915, the UK licensing laws had changed very little, with comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of Licensing Act 2003, premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of the need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban, some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence.	question: What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed?, answer: "lock-in" \| question: What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm?, answer: Licensing Act 2003 \| question: A law of what year prompted the existence of the "lock-in"?, answer: 1915 \| question: What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution?, answer: allowing smoking
[ "tag", "album", "tag formats for MP3 files", "a standard container format" ]	[ "What is a section of a file that contains metadeta referred to as?", "What else can metadeta contain other than the title, artist or track number?", "What do MP3 standards not define?", "What would be needed to support metadata and obviate the need for tags?" ]	A "tag" in an audio file is a section of the file that contains metadata such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file's contents. The MP3 standards do not define tag formats for MP3 files, nor is there a standard container format that would support metadata and obviate the need for tags.	question: What is a section of a file that contains metadeta referred to as?, answer: tag \| question: What else can metadeta contain other than the title, artist or track number?, answer: album \| question: What do MP3 standards not define?, answer: tag formats for MP3 files \| question: What would be needed to support metadata and obviate the need for tags?, answer: a standard container format
[ "Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations", "54%–60%", "12.7%", "low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation" ]	[ "A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that which two populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries?", "Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome are typically seen between what two percentages in Central and Eastern Europeans?", "Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome were seen in what percentage of the Ashkenazi Jewish population?", "The difference in percentages of the levels of Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes between Central and Eastern Europeans and the Ashkenazi population would indicate what?" ]	A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans.	question: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that which two populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries?, answer: Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations \| question: Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome are typically seen between what two percentages in Central and Eastern Europeans?, answer: 54%–60% \| question: Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome were seen in what percentage of the Ashkenazi Jewish population?, answer: 12.7% \| question: The difference in percentages of the levels of Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes between Central and Eastern Europeans and the Ashkenazi population would indicate what?, answer: low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation
[ "five thousand" ]	[ "In a 2006 study, how many autosomal SNPs were used?" ]	A 2006 study by Seldin et al. used over five thousand autosomal SNPs to demonstrate European genetic substructure. The results showed "a consistent and reproducible distinction between 'northern' and 'southern' European population groups". Most northern, central, and eastern Europeans (Finns, Swedes, English, Irish, Germans, and Ukrainians) showed >90% in the "northern" population group, while most individual participants with southern European ancestry (Italians, Greeks, Portuguese, Spaniards) showed >85% in the "southern" group. Both Ashkenazi Jews as well as Sephardic Jews showed >85% membership in the "southern" group. Referring to the Jews clustering with southern Europeans, the authors state the results were "consistent with a later Mediterranean origin of these ethnic groups".	question: In a 2006 study, how many autosomal SNPs were used?, answer: five thousand
[ "a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup", "ethnic group", "Hasidic or Hareidi sects", "Haredi Jews often have extremely large families" ]	[ "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what?", "Ashkenazi Jews, regardless of their place of origin, belong to the same what?", "Members of which two Haredi Jewish sects continue to marry exclusively within the Ashkenazi Jewish population?", "Do Haredi Jews tend to have large or small families?" ]	A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.	question: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what?, answer: a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup \| question: Ashkenazi Jews, regardless of their place of origin, belong to the same what?, answer: ethnic group \| question: Members of which two Haredi Jewish sects continue to marry exclusively within the Ashkenazi Jewish population?, answer: Hasidic or Hareidi sects \| question: Do Haredi Jews tend to have large or small families?, answer: Haredi Jews often have extremely large families
[ "2007", "National Science Foundation", "If any one type is removed from the system", "in fresh water" ]	[ "In which year was the study published that found biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent?", "Who conducted the 2007 study?", "What can cause a break down of a biodiversity system?", "Where are the most threatened ecosystems found?" ]	A 2007 study conducted by the National Science Foundation found that biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent—that diversity among species requires diversity within a species, and vice versa. "If any one type is removed from the system, the cycle can break down, and the community becomes dominated by a single species." At present, the most threatened ecosystems are found in fresh water, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, which was confirmed by the "Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment", organised by the biodiversity platform, and the French Institut de recherche pour le développement (MNHNP).	question: In which year was the study published that found biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent?, answer: 2007 \| question: Who conducted the 2007 study?, answer: National Science Foundation \| question: What can cause a break down of a biodiversity system?, answer: If any one type is removed from the system \| question: Where are the most threatened ecosystems found?, answer: in fresh water
[ "thiazide antihypertensive drugs", "Cochrane", "combination therapy", "reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients", "2009", "ACE inhibitors", "thiazide antihypertensive drugs", "2009" ]	[ "What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with high blood pressure?", "Who conducted the review on Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs?", "What were Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs used with?", "What do ACE inhibitors do?", "In what year did Cochrane release the report?", "What reduces the risk of new onset kidney diseases and death?", "What type of drugs reduced the risk of strokes and heart disease for people with high blood pressure?", "In what year was thiazide antihypertensive drugs shown to help those with heart problems?" ]	A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide acceptance in combination therapy, including loop diuretics (Lasix/furosemide, Hoechst Pharmaceuticals, 1963), beta blockers (ICI Pharmaceuticals, 1964) ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. ACE inhibitors reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients, irrespective of whether they have hypertension.	question: What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with high blood pressure?, answer: thiazide antihypertensive drugs \| question: Who conducted the review on Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs?, answer: Cochrane \| question: What were Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs used with?, answer: combination therapy \| question: What do ACE inhibitors do?, answer: reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients \| question: In what year did Cochrane release the report?, answer: 2009 \| question: What reduces the risk of new onset kidney diseases and death?, answer: ACE inhibitors \| question: What type of drugs reduced the risk of strokes and heart disease for people with high blood pressure?, answer: thiazide antihypertensive drugs \| question: In what year was thiazide antihypertensive drugs shown to help those with heart problems?, answer: 2009
[ "35 to 55 percent", "admixture is considerably higher", "a genetically more divergent population", "more diverse", "Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset" ]	[ "What percentage of the modern Ashkenazi genome could possibly be of European origin?", "Is the percentage of admixture in the modern Ashkenazi genome higher or lower than previously thought?", "Were Ashkenazi Jews found to be a more or less genetically divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, and Basques?", "In one study it was found that the Ashkenazim were more or less diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives?", "Were the Ashkenazim thought to be a subset or superset of their assumed geographical source population?" ]	A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 to 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European "admixture is considerably higher than previous estimates by studies that used the Y chromosome" with this reference point. Assuming this reference point the linkage disequilibrium in the Ashkenazi Jewish population was interpreted as "matches signs of interbreeding or 'admixture' between Middle Eastern and European populations". On the Bray et al. tree, Ashkenazi Jews were found to be a genetically more divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, Basques, Italians, Sardinians and Tuscans. The study also observed that Ashkenazim are more diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives, which was counterintuitive because Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset, of their assumed geographical source population. Bray et al. therefore postulate that these results reflect not the population antiquity but a history of mixing between genetically distinct populations in Europe. However, it's possible that the relaxation of marriage prescription in the ancestors of Ashkenazim that drove their heterozygosity up, while the maintenance of the FBD rule in native Middle Easterners have been keeping their heterozygosity values in check. Ashkenazim distinctiveness as found in the Bray et al. study, therefore, may come from their ethnic endogamy (ethnic inbreeding), which allowed them to "mine" their ancestral gene pool in the context of relative reproductive isolation from European neighbors, and not from clan endogamy (clan inbreeding). Consequently, their higher diversity compared to Middle Easterners stems from the latter's marriage practices, not necessarily from the former's admixture with Europeans.	question: What percentage of the modern Ashkenazi genome could possibly be of European origin?, answer: 35 to 55 percent \| question: Is the percentage of admixture in the modern Ashkenazi genome higher or lower than previously thought?, answer: admixture is considerably higher \| question: Were Ashkenazi Jews found to be a more or less genetically divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, and Basques?, answer: a genetically more divergent population \| question: In one study it was found that the Ashkenazim were more or less diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives?, answer: more diverse \| question: Were the Ashkenazim thought to be a subset or superset of their assumed geographical source population?, answer: Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset
[ "Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews", "modern-day Italians", "inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire" ]	[ "In a 2010 study, which two groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent analysis?", "The 2010 study found that what modern population is most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews?", "Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be genetically similar due to what two factors?" ]	A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated "Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins.	question: In a 2010 study, which two groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent analysis?, answer: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews \| question: The 2010 study found that what modern population is most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews?, answer: modern-day Italians \| question: Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be genetically similar due to what two factors?, answer: inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire
[ "2011", "New Brunswick", "carbon dating", "395 to 400" ]	[ "What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?", "In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found?", "If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood?", "How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick?" ]	A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.	question: What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?, answer: 2011 \| question: In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found?, answer: New Brunswick \| question: If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood?, answer: carbon dating \| question: How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick?, answer: 395 to 400
[ "Translational Genomics Research", "47%", "Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria,", "a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present" ]	[ "When is it possible for baccteria is enter into poultry before you get it home?", "What percentage of poultry is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria?", "Are the bacteria that is found on poultry easy to get rid of?", "What considerations do consumers need when using safe handling procedures with poultry regardless of cooking method used??" ]	A 2011 study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute showed that 47% of the meat and poultry sold in United States grocery stores was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, and 52% of the bacteria concerned showed resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria, but a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present. Also, some risk is present for consumers of poultry meat and eggs to bacterial infections such as Salmonella and Campylobacter. Poultry products may become contaminated by these bacteria during handling, processing, marketing, or storage, resulting in food-borne illness if the product is improperly cooked or handled.	question: When is it possible for baccteria is enter into poultry before you get it home?, answer: Translational Genomics Research \| question: What percentage of poultry is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria?, answer: 47% \| question: Are the bacteria that is found on poultry easy to get rid of?, answer: Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria, \| question: What considerations do consumers need when using safe handling procedures with poultry regardless of cooking method used??, answer: a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present
[ "2013", "24,000-year-old", "Mal'ta-Buret'", "western Eurasians", "14 to 38 percent" ]	[ "When was a study about the DNA of a young boy published in Nature?", "How old was the young boy's remains?", "What culture was the boy from?", "What may one-third of the indigenous Americans ancestry be traced back to?", "What percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from the Mal'ta-Buret' population?" ]	A 2013 study in Nature reported that DNA found in the 24,000-year-old remains of a young boy from the archaeological Mal'ta-Buret' culture suggest that up to one-third of the indigenous Americans may have ancestry that can be traced back to western Eurasians, who may have "had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than commonly thought". "We estimate that 14 to 38 percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population," the authors wrote. Professor Kelly Graf said,	question: When was a study about the DNA of a young boy published in Nature?, answer: 2013 \| question: How old was the young boy's remains?, answer: 24,000-year-old \| question: What culture was the boy from?, answer: Mal'ta-Buret' \| question: What may one-third of the indigenous Americans ancestry be traced back to?, answer: western Eurasians \| question: What percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from the Mal'ta-Buret' population?, answer: 14 to 38 percent
[ "30 geneticists", "found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews", "13 universities and academies" ]	[ "How many geneticists carried out the 2013 trans-genome study?", "What did the 2013 trans-genome study find in regards to Ashkenazi Jews and Khazar origins?", "How many universities and academies participated in the 2013 trans-genome study?" ]	A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. "Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region", the authors concluded.	question: How many geneticists carried out the 2013 trans-genome study?, answer: 30 geneticists \| question: What did the 2013 trans-genome study find in regards to Ashkenazi Jews and Khazar origins?, answer: found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews \| question: How many universities and academies participated in the 2013 trans-genome study?, answer: 13 universities and academies
[ "a Samaritan synagogue", "typical Jewish symbols", "Greek", "cultic", "the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue" ]	[ "A 5th-century building in Huldah is believed to be what?", "What does the mosaic at Huldah contain?", "What language are the inscriptions on the mosaic at Huldah?", "The synagogue located in Bet She'an had what kind of symbols depicted in its mosaic?", "The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic?" ]	A 5th-century building in Huldah may be a Samaritan synagogue. Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek. Another Samaritan synagogue with a mosaic floor was located in Bet She'an (excavated in 1960). The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shrine) with cultic symbols. The ban on human or animal images was more strictly observed by the Samaritans than their Jewish neighbours in the same town (see above). The mosaic was laid by the same masters who made the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue. One of the inscriptions was written in Samaritan script.	question: A 5th-century building in Huldah is believed to be what?, answer: a Samaritan synagogue \| question: What does the mosaic at Huldah contain?, answer: typical Jewish symbols \| question: What language are the inscriptions on the mosaic at Huldah?, answer: Greek \| question: The synagogue located in Bet She'an had what kind of symbols depicted in its mosaic?, answer: cultic \| question: The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic?, answer: the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue
[ "on a swing arm", "780 nm", "photodiode", "spiral", "change in height between pits and lands" ]	[ "Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?", "What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD?", "What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?", "In what pattern is data stored on a CD?", "What createds the change in light reflected off of a CD?" ]	A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.	question: Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?, answer: on a swing arm \| question: What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD?, answer: 780 nm \| question: What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?, answer: photodiode \| question: In what pattern is data stored on a CD?, answer: spiral \| question: What createds the change in light reflected off of a CD?, answer: change in height between pits and lands
[ "Christian", "Jesus Christ", "Christós", "mashiach" ]	[ "What is a person who follows Christianity called?", "Whose life do Christians learn from?", "What Greek word is Christian derived from?", "Christós is translated from what Biblical term?" ]	A Christian ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach.	question: What is a person who follows Christianity called?, answer: Christian \| question: Whose life do Christians learn from?, answer: Jesus Christ \| question: What Greek word is Christian derived from?, answer: Christós \| question: Christós is translated from what Biblical term?, answer: mashiach
[ "thousands of human years", "Adabas, Oracle and DB2", "spread over a large number of users", "an email system" ]	[ "How long can it take to create a DBMS?", "Name three DBMSs that have been used since the 1970s.", "How is the cost to create a DBMS distributed?", "Name an example of a general-purpose DBMS." ]	A DBMS has evolved into a complex software system and its development typically requires thousands of human years of development effort.[a] Some general-purpose DBMSs such as Adabas, Oracle and DB2 have been undergoing upgrades since the 1970s. General-purpose DBMSs aim to meet the needs of as many applications as possible, which adds to the complexity. However, the fact that their development cost can be spread over a large number of users means that they are often the most cost-effective approach. However, a general-purpose DBMS is not always the optimal solution: in some cases a general-purpose DBMS may introduce unnecessary overhead. Therefore, there are many examples of systems that use special-purpose databases. A common example is an email system that performs many of the functions of a general-purpose DBMS such as the insertion and deletion of messages composed of various items of data or associating messages with a particular email address; but these functions are limited to what is required to handle email and don't provide the user with all of the functionality that would be available using a general-purpose DBMS.	question: How long can it take to create a DBMS?, answer: thousands of human years \| question: Name three DBMSs that have been used since the 1970s., answer: Adabas, Oracle and DB2 \| question: How is the cost to create a DBMS distributed?, answer: spread over a large number of users \| question: Name an example of a general-purpose DBMS., answer: an email system
[ "tuberculosis", "use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors", "1946-1955", "Federal Trade Commission", "mortality rates", "56%", "75%", "Federal Trade Commission", "1958" ]	[ "What disease had the biggest decline of deaths?", "What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases?", "What period was the report issued in 1958 cover?", "Who issued the report in 1958?", "What were eight diseases examined for?", "How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955?", "How much did the mortality rate of tuberculosis drop between 1946-1955?", "Who issued a report describing the effects of antibiotic developments?", "In what year was the FTC's report issued?" ]	A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. The report concluded that "it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred". The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis.	question: What disease had the biggest decline of deaths?, answer: tuberculosis \| question: What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases?, answer: use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors \| question: What period was the report issued in 1958 cover?, answer: 1946-1955 \| question: Who issued the report in 1958?, answer: Federal Trade Commission \| question: What were eight diseases examined for?, answer: mortality rates \| question: How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955?, answer: 56% \| question: How much did the mortality rate of tuberculosis drop between 1946-1955?, answer: 75% \| question: Who issued a report describing the effects of antibiotic developments?, answer: Federal Trade Commission \| question: In what year was the FTC's report issued?, answer: 1958
[ "Franconian", "Tiel", "5th", "vadam", "mudflat" ]	[ "What's another term for \"Frankish\"?", "What city is closest to the Bergakker inscription?", "To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription?", "What word found in Roman writings became \"wad\" in modern Dutch?", "What does the Dutch word \"wad\" mean in English?" ]	A Frankish identity emerged and so did their Frankish or Franconian language. The language itself is poorly attested. A notable exception is the Bergakker inscription, found near the Dutch city of Tiel, which may represent a primary record of 5th-century Frankish. Although some placenames recorded in Roman texts could arguably be considered as the oldest "Dutch" single words, like vadam (modern Dutch: wad, English: "mudflat"), the Bergakker inscription yields the oldest evidence of Dutch morphology, but there is no consensus on the interpretation of the rest of the text.	question: What's another term for "Frankish"?, answer: Franconian \| question: What city is closest to the Bergakker inscription?, answer: Tiel \| question: To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription?, answer: 5th \| question: What word found in Roman writings became "wad" in modern Dutch?, answer: vadam \| question: What does the Dutch word "wad" mean in English?, answer: mudflat
[ "£2,652", "Common Agricultural Policy", "environmental improvements" ]	[ "How much had Eton received in farming subsidies in 2005?", "Under what policy was Eton able to receive funds without farming?", "What did Panorama say was the documented reason Eton was eligible for farming subsidies?" ]	A Freedom of Information request in 2005 revealed that Eton had received £2,652 in farming subsidies in 2004 under the Common Agricultural Policy. Asked to explain under what grounds it was eligible to receive farming subsidies, Eton admitted that it was 'a bit of a mystery'. The TaxPayers' Alliance also stated that Eton had received a total of £5,300 in CAP subsidies between 2002 and 2007. Panorama revealed in March 2012 that farming subsidies were granted to Eton for 'environmental improvements', in effect 'being paid without having to do any farming at all'.	question: How much had Eton received in farming subsidies in 2005?, answer: £2,652 \| question: Under what policy was Eton able to receive funds without farming?, answer: Common Agricultural Policy \| question: What did Panorama say was the documented reason Eton was eligible for farming subsidies?, answer: environmental improvements

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Dataset Card for "lmqg/qag_squad"

Dataset Summary

This is the question & answer generation dataset based on the SQuAD.

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

question-answer-generation: The dataset is assumed to be used to train a model for question & answer generation. Success on this task is typically measured by achieving a high BLEU4/METEOR/ROUGE-L/BERTScore/MoverScore (see our paper for more in detail).

Languages

English (en)

Dataset Structure

An example of 'train' looks as follows.

{
  "paragraph": "\"4 Minutes\" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; \"4 Minutes\" becoming her thirteenth. At the 23rd Japan Gold Disc Awards, Madonna received her fifth Artist of the Year trophy from Recording Industry Association of Japan, the most for any artist. To further promote the album, Madonna embarked on the Sticky & Sweet Tour; her first major venture with Live Nation. With a gross of $280 million, it became the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist then, surpassing the previous record Madonna set with the Confessions Tour; it was later surpassed by Roger Waters' The Wall Live. It was extended to the next year, adding new European dates, and after it ended, the total gross was $408 million.",
  "questions": [
    "Which single was released as the album's lead single?",
    "Madonna surpassed which artist with the most top-ten hits?",
    "4 minutes became Madonna's which number one single in the UK?",
    "What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation?",
    "How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed?"
  ],
  "answers": [
    "4 Minutes",
    "Elvis Presley",
    "thirteenth",
    "Sticky & Sweet Tour",
    "$280 million,"
  ],
  "questions_answers": "question: Which single was released as the album's lead single?, answer: 4 Minutes | question: Madonna surpassed which artist with the most top-ten hits?, answer: Elvis Presley | question: 4 minutes became Madonna's which number one single in the UK?, answer: thirteenth | question: What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation?, answer: Sticky & Sweet Tour | question: How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed?, answer: $280 million,"
  }

The data fields are the same among all splits.

questions: a list of string features.
answers: a list of string features.
paragraph: a string feature.
questions_answers: a string feature.

Data Splits

train	validation	test
16462	2067	2429

Citation Information

@inproceedings{ushio-etal-2022-generative,
    title = "{G}enerative {L}anguage {M}odels for {P}aragraph-{L}evel {Q}uestion {G}eneration",
    author = "Ushio, Asahi  and
        Alva-Manchego, Fernando  and
        Camacho-Collados, Jose",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = dec,
    year = "2022",
    address = "Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
}

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Models trained or fine-tuned on lmqg/qag_squad