Datasets:

iohadrubin

/

nq_bm25_top100_subset

like 0

[ "oxygen" ]

[ "Potassium\nstudies because potassium is a macronutrient required for life. Potassium is formed in supernovae by nucleosynthesis from lighter atoms. Potassium is principally created in Type II supernovae via an explosive oxygen-burning process. is also formed in s-process nucleosynthesis and the neon burning process. Potassium is the 20th most abundant element in the solar system and the 17th most abundant element by weight in the earth. It makes up about 2.6% of the weight of the earth's crust and is the seventh most abundant element in the crust. The potassium concentration in seawater is 0.39 g/L (0.039 wt/v%), about one twenty-seventh", "Mineral\nFamily, Tribe, Genus, and Species. The abundance and diversity of minerals is controlled directly by their chemistry, in turn dependent on elemental abundances in the Earth. The majority of minerals observed are derived from the Earth's crust. Eight elements account for most of the key components of minerals, due to their abundance in the crust. These eight elements, summing to over 98% of the crust by weight, are, in order of decreasing abundance: oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium. Oxygen and silicon are by far the two most important – oxygen composes 47% of the crust by", "Chalcogen\nfound in elemental form or in the form of sulfide minerals, sulfate minerals, or sulfosalt minerals. Stars of at least 12 times the mass of the sun produce sulfur in their cores via nuclear fusion. Sulfur is the tenth most abundant element in the universe, making up 500 parts per million of the universe by weight. Selenium makes up 0.05 parts per million of the earth's crust by weight. This makes it the 67th most abundant element in the earth's crust. Selenium makes up on average 5 parts per million of the soils. Seawater contains around 200 parts per trillion", "Scandium\nSc are calcium isotopes and the primary products from higher atomic weights are titanium isotopes. In Earth's crust, scandium is not rare. Estimates vary from 18 to 25 ppm, which is comparable to the abundance of cobalt (20–30 ppm). Scandium is only the 50th most common element on Earth (35th most abundant in the crust), but it is the 23rd most common element in the Sun. However, scandium is distributed sparsely and occurs in trace amounts in many minerals. Rare minerals from Scandinavia and Madagascar such as thortveitite, euxenite, and gadolinite are the only known concentrated sources of this element.", "\"Alkali metal\"\nup approximately 2.6% of the Earth's crust measured by weight, making it the sixth most abundant element overall and the most abundant alkali metal. Potassium makes up approximately 1.5% of the Earth's crust and is the seventh most abundant element. Sodium is found in many different minerals, of which the most common is ordinary salt (sodium chloride), which occurs in vast quantities dissolved in seawater. Other solid deposits include halite, amphibole, cryolite, nitratine, and zeolite. Many of these solid deposits occur as a result of ancient seas evaporating, which still occurs now in places such as Utah's Great Salt Lake", "Pnictogen\nup 1.5 parts per million of the earth's crust, making it the 53rd most abundant element there. The soils contain 1 to 10 parts per million of arsenic, and seawater contains 1.6 parts per billion of arsenic. Arsenic makes up 100 parts per billion of a typical human by weight. Some arsenic exists in elemental form, but most arsenic is found in the arsenic minerals orpiment, realgar, arsenopyrite, and enargite. Antimony makes up 0.2 parts per million of the earth's crust, making it the 63rd most abundant element there. The soils contain 1 part per million of antimony on average,", "Aluminium\nin the interstellar gas. Overall, the Earth is about 1.59% aluminium by mass (seventh in abundance by mass). Aluminium occurs in greater proportion in the Earth than in the Universe because aluminium easily forms the oxide and becomes bound into rocks and aluminium stays in the Earth's crust while less reactive metals sink to the core. In the Earth's crust, aluminium is the most abundant (8.3% by mass) metallic element and the third most abundant of all elements (after oxygen and silicon). A large number of silicates in the Earth's crust contain aluminium. In contrast, the Earth's mantle is only", "Sodium\nmg of sodium chlorate with milk sugar while observing the nonluminous flame before the slit. After a while, it glowed a bright yellow and showed a strong sodium line that disappeared only after 10 minutes. From the weight of the sodium salt and the volume of air in the room, we easily calculate that one part by weight of air could not contain more than 1/20 millionth weight of sodium. The Earth's crust contains 2.27% sodium, making it the seventh most abundant element on Earth and the fifth most abundant metal, behind aluminium, iron, calcium, and magnesium and ahead of", "Yttrium\npoint of nitrogen. Yttrium is found in most rare-earth minerals, it is found in some uranium ores, but is never found in the Earth's crust as a free element. About 31 ppm of the Earth's crust is yttrium, making it the 28th most abundant element, 400 times more common than silver. Yttrium is found in soil in concentrations between 10 and 150 ppm (dry weight average of 23 ppm) and in sea water at 9 ppt. Lunar rock samples collected during the American Apollo Project have a relatively high content of yttrium. Yttrium has no known biological role, though it", "\"Boron group\"\nAluminium occurs widely on earth, and indeed is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust (8.3%). Gallium is found in the earth with an abundance of 13 ppm. Indium is the 61st most abundant element in the earth's crust, and thallium is found in moderate amounts throughout the planet. Nihonium is never found in nature and therefore is termed a synthetic element. Several group 13 elements have biological roles in the ecosystem. Boron is a trace element in humans and is essential for some plants. Lack of boron can lead to stunted plant growth, while an excess can", "\"Period 3 element\"\nfresh mineral waters. \"\"Aluminium\"\" (symbol Al) or \"\"aluminum\"\" (American English) is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements and a post-transition metal. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust. It makes up about 8% by weight of the Earth's solid surface. Aluminium metal is too reactive chemically to occur natively. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different minerals. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium is remarkable for the metal's low", "\"Crust (geology)\"\ndepth, reaching values typically in the range from about to at the boundary with the underlying mantle. The temperature increases by as much as for every kilometer locally in the upper part of the crust, but the geothermal gradient is smaller in deeper crust. The continental crust has an average composition similar to that of andesite. The most abundant minerals in Earth's continental crust are feldspars, which make up about 41% of the crust by weight, followed by quartz at 12%, and pyroxenes at 11%. Continental crust is enriched in incompatible elements compared to the basaltic ocean crust and much", "\"Abundance of the chemical elements\"\nhave larger ionic radii) and therefore more strongly concentrated in the continental crust than the heavier rare earth elements. In most rare earth ore deposits, the first four rare earth elements – lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium – constitute 80% to 99% of the total amount of rare earth metal that can be found in the ore. The mass-abundance of the eight most abundant elements in the Earth's mantle (see main article above) is approximately: oxygen 45%, magnesium 23%, silicon 22%, iron 5.8%, calcium 2.3%, aluminum 2.2%, sodium 0.3%, potassium 0.3%. The mantle differs in elemental composition from the crust", "Chalcogen\nand hydroxide minerals, and in numerous other mineral groups. Stars of at least eight times the mass of the sun also produce oxygen in their cores via nuclear fusion. Oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, making up 1% of the universe by weight. Sulfur makes up 0.035% of the earth's crust by weight, making it the 17th most abundant element there and makes up 0.25% of the human body. It is a major component of soil. Sulfur makes up 870 parts per million of seawater and about 1 part per billion of the atmosphere. Sulfur can be", "\"Goldschmidt classification\"\narid regions where they can crystallise. The less soluble lithophile elements are concentrated on ancient continental shields where all soluble minerals have been weathered. Because of their strong affinity for oxygen, most lithophile elements are enriched in the Earth's crust relative to their abundance in the solar system. The most reactive s- and f-block metals, which form either saline or metallic hydrides, are known to be extraordinarily enriched on Earth as a whole relative to their solar abundances. This is because during the earliest stages of the Earth's formation the reaction that controlled the stable form of each chemical element", "\"Chemical element\"\nis the most stable element that can easily be made from alpha particles (being a product of decay of radioactive nickel-56, ultimately made from 14 helium nuclei). Elements heavier than iron are made in energy-absorbing processes in large stars, and their abundance in the universe (and on Earth) generally decreases with their atomic number. The abundance of the chemical elements on Earth varies from air to crust to ocean, and in various types of life. The abundance of elements in Earth's crust differs from that in the Solar system (as seen in the Sun and heavy planets like Jupiter) mainly", "\"Planetary core\"\ncores). Using the chondritic reference model and combining known compositions of the crust and mantle, the unknown component, the composition of the inner and outer core, can be determined; 85% Fe, 5% Ni, 0.9% Cr, 0.25% Co, and all other refractory metals at very low concentration. This leaves Earth's core with a 5–10% weight deficit for the outer core, and a 4–5% weight deficit for the inner core; which is attributed to lighter elements that should be cosmically abundant and are iron-soluble; H, O, C, S, P, and Si. Earth's core contains half the Earth's vanadium and chromium, and may", "Iron\nmost abundant element on Earth, but only the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, after oxygen, silicon, and aluminium. Most of the iron in the crust is found combined with oxygen as iron oxide minerals such as hematite (FeO), magnetite (FeO), and siderite (FeCO). Many igneous rocks also contain the sulfide minerals pyrrhotite and pentlandite. Ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O, a solid solution of periclase (MgO) and wüstite (FeO), makes up about 20% of the volume of the lower mantle of the Earth, which makes it the second most abundant mineral phase in that region after silicate perovskite (Mg,Fe)SiO; it also", "Oxygen\nthe third most abundant chemical element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen. Oxygen constitutes 49.2% of the Earth's crust by mass as part of oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide and is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. It is also the major component of the world's oceans (88.8% by mass). Oxygen gas is the second most common component of the Earth's atmosphere, taking up 20.8% of its volume and 23.1% of its mass (some 10 tonnes). Earth is unusual among the planets of the Solar System", "\"Rare-earth element\"\nproduced by supernova nucleosynthesis or the s-process in asymptotic giant branch stars. In nature, spontaneous fission of uranium-238 produces trace amounts of radioactive promethium, but most promethium is synthetically produced in nuclear reactors. Due to their chemical similarity, the concentrations of rare earths in rocks are only slowly changed by geochemical processes, making their proportions useful for geochronology and dating fossils. Rare-earth element cerium is actually the 25th most abundant element in Earth's crust, having 68 parts per million (about as common as copper). Only the highly unstable and radioactive promethium \"\"rare earth\"\" is quite scarce. The rare-earth elements are", "\"Goldschmidt classification\"\nthe Earth's crust relative to their solar abundances, though because the minerals they form are nonmetallic, this depletion has not reached the levels found with siderophile elements. However, because they formed volatile hydrides on the primitive Earth when the controlling redox reaction was the oxidation or reduction of hydrogen, the less metallic chalcophile elements are strongly depleted on Earth as a whole relative to cosmic abundances. This is most especially true of the chalcogens selenium and tellurium (which formed volatile hydrogen selenide and hydrogen telluride, respectively), which for this reason are among the rarest elements found in the Earth's crust", "Silicon\n°C respectively are the second-highest among all the metalloids and nonmetals, being only surpassed by boron. Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure element in the Earth's crust. It is most widely distributed in dusts, sands, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates. More than 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass) after oxygen. Most silicon is used commercially without being separated, and often with", "Pnictogen\nnitrogen on earth is in the form of nitrogen gas, but some nitrate minerals do exist. Nitrogen makes up 2.5% of a typical human by weight. Phosphorus makes up 0.1% of the earth's crust, making it the 11th most abundant element there. Phosphorus makes up 0.65 parts per million of soil, and 15 to 60 parts per billion of seawater. There are 200 million metric tons of accessible phosphates on earth. Phosphorus makes up 1.1% of a typical human by weight. Phosphorus occurs in minerals of the apatite family which are the main components of the phosphate rocks. Arsenic makes", "Chlorine\nbut not recognised as a fundamentally important substance. Carl Wilhelm Scheele wrote a description of chlorine gas in 1774, supposing it to be an oxide of a new element. In 1809, chemists suggested that the gas might be a pure element, and this was confirmed by Sir Humphry Davy in 1810, who named it from based on its colour. Because of its great reactivity, all chlorine in the Earth's crust is in the form of ionic chloride compounds, which includes table salt. It is the second-most abundant halogen (after fluorine) and twenty-first most abundant chemical element in Earth's crust. These", "Argon\nArgon Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). It is more than twice as abundant as water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), 23 times as abundant as carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as neon (18 ppmv). Argon is the most abundant noble gas in Earth's crust, comprising 0.00015% of the crust. Nearly all of the argon in", "\"Group 5 element\"\npatronite, and carnotite. There are 20 parts per million of niobium in the earth's crust, making it the 33rd most abundant element there. Soil contains on average 24 parts per million of niobium, and seawater contains 900 parts per quadrillion of niobium. A typical human contains 21 parts per billion of niobium. Niobium is in the minerals columbite and pyrochlore. There are 2 parts per million of tantalum in the earth's crust, making it the 51st most abundant element there. Soil contains on average 1 to 2 parts per billion of tantalum, and seawater contains 2 parts per trillion of", "\"Abundance of the chemical elements\"\nearth elements is a historical misnomer. The persistence of the term reflects unfamiliarity rather than true rarity. The more abundant rare earth elements are similarly concentrated in the crust compared to commonplace industrial metals such as chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, or lead. The two least abundant rare earth elements (thulium and lutetium) are nearly 200 times more common than gold. However, in contrast to the ordinary base and precious metals, rare earth elements have very little tendency to become concentrated in exploitable ore deposits. Consequently, most of the world's supply of rare earth elements comes from only", "Iron\nIron Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust. Its abundance in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production by fusion in high-mass stars, where it is the last element to be produced with release of energy before the violent collapse of a supernova, which scatters the iron into space. Like the other", "\"Abundances of the elements (data page)\"\nAbundances of the elements (data page) The established abundances of chemical elements in urban soils can be considered a geochemical (ecological and geochemical) characteristic, the accumulated impact of technogenic and natural processes at the beginning of the 21st century. The figures estimate average concentrations of chemical elements in the soils of more than 300 cities and settlements in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and America. Regardless of significant differences between abundances of several elements in urban soils and those values calculated for the Earth's crust, the element abundances in urban soils generally reflect those in the Earth's crust. With the development", "\"Synthetic element\"\nand decay rapidly into lighter elements—possessing half-lives so short, relative to the age of Earth (which formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago), that any atoms of these elements that may have existed when the Earth formed have long since decayed. Atoms of synthetic elements only occur on Earth as the product of atomic bombs or experiments that involve nuclear reactors or particle accelerators, via nuclear fusion or neutron absorption. Atomic mass for natural elements is based on weighted average abundance of natural isotopes that occur in Earth's crust and atmosphere. For \"\"synthetic\"\" elements, the isotope depends on the means of", "\"Earth's crustal evolution\"\nis the most differentiated type of crust and so has a composition vastly different to that of the bulk Earth. The tertiary crust contains over 20% of the abundance of incompatible elements, which are elements with a size or charge that prevent them from being included in mineral structure. This a result of its generation from the subduction and partial melting of secondary crust where it undergoes further fractional crystallisation. Two stages of evolution produce an increased proportion of incompatible elements. The formation and development of plumes in the early mantle contributed to triggering the lateral movement of crust across", "\"Carbon-based life\"\nmore than any other element, with almost ten million compounds described to date, and yet that number is but a fraction of the number of theoretically possible compounds under standard conditions. For this reason, carbon has often been referred to as the \"\"king of the elements\"\". Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon's abundance, its unique diversity of organic compounds, and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth enables this element to serve", "Tellurium\nalpha decay. The atomic mass of tellurium (127.60 g·mol) exceeds that of iodine (126.90 g·mol), the next element in the periodic table. With an abundance in the Earth's crust comparable to that of platinum (about 1 µg/kg), tellurium is one of the rarest stable solid elements. In comparison, even the rarest of the stable lanthanides have crustal abundances of 500 µg/kg (see Abundance of the chemical elements). This rarity of tellurium in the Earth's crust is not a reflection of its cosmic abundance. Tellurium is more abundant than rubidium in the cosmos, though rubidium is 10,000 times more abundant in", "\"Oxygen cycle\"\nminerals of the crust and mantle (99.5% by weight). The Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere together weigh less than 0.05% of the Earth's total mass. Oxygen is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and represents a large portion of each main reservoir: Movement of oxygen between the reservoirs is facilitated in large part by the presence of atmospheric free oxygen. The main source of atmospheric free oxygen is photosynthesis, which produces sugars and free oxygen from carbon dioxide and water: Photosynthesizing organisms include the plant life of the land areas as well as the phytoplankton of the oceans.", "Pnictogen\nand seawater contains 300 parts per trillion of antimony on average. A typical human contains 28 parts per billion of antimony by weight. Some elemental antimony occurs in silver deposits. Bismuth makes up 48 parts per billion of the earth's crust, making it the 70th most abundant element there. The soils contain approximately 0.25 parts per million of bismuth, and seawater contains 400 parts per trillion of bismuth. Bismuth most commonly occurs as the mineral bismuthinite, but bismuth also occurs in elemental form or in sulfide ores. Moscovium is produced several atoms at a time in particle accelerators. Nitrogen can", "Ruthenium\nof 2.9 days. Fifteen other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 89.93 u (Ru) to 114.928 u (Ru). Most of these have half-lives that are less than five minutes except Ru (half-life: 1.643 hours) and Ru (half-life: 4.44 hours). The primary decay mode before the most abundant isotope, Ru, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay product before Ru is technetium and the primary decay product after is rhodium. As the 74th most abundant element in Earth's crust, ruthenium is relatively rare, found in about 100 parts per trillion. This", "\"Noble gas\"\nthe atom, helium cannot be retained by the Earth's gravitational field. Helium on Earth comes from the alpha decay of heavy elements such as uranium and thorium found in the Earth's crust, and tends to accumulate in natural gas deposits. The abundance of argon, on the other hand, is increased as a result of the beta decay of potassium-40, also found in the Earth's crust, to form argon-40, which is the most abundant isotope of argon on Earth despite being relatively rare in the Solar System. This process is the basis for the potassium-argon dating method. Xenon has an unexpectedly", "\"Alkaline earth metal\"\nearth's crust at a concentration of two to six parts per million (ppm), much of which is in soils, where it has a concentration of six ppm. Beryllium is one of the rarest elements in seawater, even rarer than elements such as scandium, with a concentration of 0.2 parts per trillion. However, in freshwater, beryllium is somewhat more common, with a concentration of 0.1 parts per billion. Magnesium and calcium are very common in the earth's crust, being respectively the fifth- eighth-most-abundant elements. None of the alkaline earth metals are found in their elemental state. Common magnesium--containing minerals are carnallite,", "Magnesium\nthe magnesium is expelled into the interstellar medium where it may recycle into new star systems. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and the fourth most common element in the Earth (after iron, oxygen and silicon), making up 13% of the planet's mass and a large fraction of the planet's mantle. It is the third most abundant element dissolved in seawater, after sodium and chlorine. Magnesium occurs naturally only in combination with other elements, where it invariably has a +2 oxidation state. The free element (metal) can be produced artificially, and is highly reactive (though", "Thorium\nsince decayed and no longer contribute. In the Earth's crust, thorium is much more abundant: with an abundance of 8.1 parts per million (ppm), it is one of the most abundant of the heavy elements, almost as abundant as lead (13 ppm) and more abundant than tin (2.1 ppm). This is because thorium is likely to form oxide minerals that do not sink into the core; it is classified as a lithophile. Common thorium compounds are also poorly soluble in water. Thus, even though the Earth contains the same abundances of the elements as the Solar System as a whole,", "Chalcogen\nof selenium. The atmosphere contains 1 nanogram of selenium per cubic meter. There are mineral groups known as selenates and selenites, but there are not many of minerals in these groups. Selenium is not produced directly by nuclear fusion. Selenium makes up 30 parts per billion of the universe by weight. There are only 5 parts per billion of tellurium in the earth's crust and 15 parts per billion of tellurium in seawater. Tellurium is one of the eight or nine least abundant elements in the earth's crust. There are a few dozen tellurate minerals and telluride minerals, and tellurium", "\"Abundance of the chemical elements\"\niron 5.6%, calcium 4.2%, sodium 2.5%, magnesium 2.4%, potassium 2.0%, and titanium 0.61%. Other elements occur at less than 0.15%. For a complete list, see abundance of elements in Earth's crust. The graph at right illustrates the relative atomic-abundance of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust— the part that is relatively accessible for measurements and estimation. Many of the elements shown in the graph are classified into (partially overlapping) categories: Note that there are two breaks where the unstable (radioactive) elements technetium (atomic number 43) and promethium (atomic number 61) would be. These elements are surrounded by stable", "Mars\nprimarily of iron and nickel with about 16–17% sulfur. This iron(II) sulfide core is thought to be twice as rich in lighter elements as Earth's. The core is surrounded by a silicate mantle that formed many of the tectonic and volcanic features on the planet, but it appears to be dormant. Besides silicon and oxygen, the most abundant elements in the Martian crust are iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and potassium. The average thickness of the planet's crust is about , with a maximum thickness of . Earth's crust averages . Mars is a terrestrial planet that consists of minerals containing", "\"Abundance of the chemical elements\"\nof uranium and thorium. Oxygen and silicon are notably the most common elements in the crust. On Earth and in rocky planets in general, silicon and oxygen are far more common than their cosmic abundance. The reason is that they combine with each other to form silicate minerals. In this way, they are the lightest of all of the two-percent \"\"astronomical metals\"\" (i.e., non-hydrogen and helium elements) to form a solid that is refractory to the Sun's heat, and thus cannot boil away into space. All elements lighter than oxygen have been removed from the crust in this way. \"\"Rare\"\"", "Calcium\nCalcium Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. The most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossilised remnants of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and apatite are also sources of calcium. The", "Indium\nthe stable one. The stable indium isotope, indium-113, is one of the p-nuclei, the origin of which is not fully understood; although indium-113 is known to be made directly in the s- and r-processes (rapid neutron capture), and also as the daughter of very long-lived cadmium-113, which has a half-life of about eight quadrillion years, this cannot account for all indium-113. Indium is the 68th most abundant element in Earth's crust at approximately 50 ppb. This is similar to the crustal abundance of silver, bismuth and mercury. It very rarely forms its own minerals, or occurs in elemental form. Fewer", "Aluminium\n(not avgas), and laboratory cultures can degrade aluminium. However, these life forms do not directly attack or consume the aluminium; rather, the metal is corroded by microbe waste products. Aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. The chief ore of", "Aluminium\nAluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium metal is so chemically reactive that native specimens are rare and limited to extreme reducing environments. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different", "\"Abundance of the chemical elements\"\nof the volatile elements hydrogen, helium, neon, and nitrogen, as well as carbon which has been lost as volatile hydrocarbons. The remaining elemental composition is roughly typical of the \"\"rocky\"\" inner planets, which formed in the thermal zone where solar heat drove volatile compounds into space. The Earth retains oxygen as the second-largest component of its mass (and largest atomic-fraction), mainly from this element being retained in silicate minerals which have a very high melting point and low vapor pressure. The mass-abundance of the nine most abundant elements in the Earth's crust is approximately: oxygen 46%, silicon 28%, aluminum 8.2%,", "Iridium\nelements in Earth's crust, having an average mass fraction of 0.001 ppm in crustal rock; platinum is 10 times more abundant, gold is 40 times more abundant, and silver and mercury are 80 times more abundant. Tellurium is about as abundant as iridium. In contrast to its low abundance in crustal rock, iridium is relatively common in meteorites, with concentrations of 0.5 ppm or more. The overall concentration of iridium on Earth is thought to be much higher than what is observed in crustal rocks, but because of the density and siderophilic (\"\"iron-loving\"\") character of iridium, it descended below the", "Strontianite\nAlthough good mineral specimens of strontianite are rare, strontium is a fairly common element, with abundance in the Earth's crust of 370 parts per million by weight, 87 parts per million by moles, much more common than copper with only 60 parts per million by weight, 19 by moles. Strontium is never found free in nature. The principal strontium ores are celestine SrSO and strontianite SrCO. The main commercial process for strontium metal production is reduction of strontium oxide with aluminium. Strontianite is an orthorhombic mineral, belonging to the most symmetrical class in this system, 2/m 2/m 2/m, whose general", "\"Evolution of metal ions in biological systems\"\ncertain class I ribonucleotide reductases) and in the oxidation of water by photosystem II (PSII), where the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances is decreased. This is due to manganese's ability to reduce superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals as well as its chain-breaking capacity. Iron (Fe) is the most abundant element in the Earth and the fourth most abundant element in the crust, approximately 5 percent by mass. Due to the abundance of iron and its role in biological systems, the transition and mineralogical stages of iron have played a key role in Earth surface systems. It played a larger role", "Mineral\nstacking groups of three layers (\"\"abcabcabc\"\"). Analogues to linked silica tetrahedra include SO (sulfate), PO (phosphate), AsO (arsenate), and VO (vanadate). The non-silicates have great economic importance, as they concentrate elements more than the silicate minerals do. The largest grouping of minerals by far are the silicates; most rocks are composed of greater than 95% silicate minerals, and over 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of these minerals. The two main constituents of silicates are silicon and oxygen, which are the two most abundant elements in the Earth's crust. Other common elements in silicate minerals correspond to other common", "\"Group 9 element\"\nregia. Iridium was discovered in a very similar way in 1804 by Smithson Tennant. Meitnerium was discovered in 1982 by bombarding bismuth-209 with iron-58. All group 9 elements are relatively rare in the earth's crust, with the most abundant, cobalt, only accounting for 0.0029% of the Earth's crust. Rhodium and iridium are two of the rarest naturally occurring elements in the earth, only found in platinum ores. Meitnerium has only been produced in nuclear reactors and has never been observed in nature nor isolated in pure form. Cobalt is an essential trace nutrient to all animals, found in vitamin B-12.", "\"Boron group\"\nof all boron extraction in the world. The United States is second, most of its yield coming from the state of California. Aluminium, in contrast to boron, is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, and the third most abundant element. It composes about 8.2% (82,000 ppm) of the Earth, surpassed only by oxygen and silicon. It is like boron, however, in that it is uncommon in nature as a free element. This is due to aluminium’s tendency to attract oxygen atoms, forming several aluminium oxides. Aluminium is now known to occur in nearly as many minerals as boron,", "\"Group 3 element\"\nradius, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and actinium are similar to their group 1–2 counterparts. In this variant, the number of \"\"f\"\" electrons in the most common (trivalent) ions of the f-block elements consistently matches their position in the f-block. For example, the f-electron counts for the trivalent ions of the first three f-block elements are Ce 1, Pr 2 and Nd 3. Scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, and lutetium tend to occur together with the other lanthanides (except promethium) in the Earth's crust, and are often harder to extract from their ores. The abundance of elements in Earth's crust for group 3 is", "\"Abundance of the chemical elements\"\na handful of sources. Furthermore, the rare earth metals are all quite chemically similar to each other, and they are thus quite difficult to separate into quantities of the pure elements. Differences in abundances of individual rare earth elements in the upper continental crust of the Earth represent the superposition of two effects, one nuclear and one geochemical. First, the rare earth elements with even atomic numbers (Ce, Nd, ...) have greater cosmic and terrestrial abundances than the adjacent rare earth elements with odd atomic numbers (La, Pr, ...). Second, the lighter rare earth elements are more incompatible (because they", "\"Isotopes of uranium\"\nIsotopes of uranium Uranium (U) is a naturally occurring radioactive element that has no stable isotopes but two primordial isotopes (uranium-238 and uranium-235) that have long half-lives and are found in appreciable quantity in the Earth's crust, along with the decay product uranium-234. The standard atomic weight of natural uranium is . Other isotopes such as uranium-232 have been produced in breeder reactors. Naturally occurring uranium is composed of three major isotopes, uranium-238 (99.2739–99.2752% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.7198–0.7202%), and uranium-234 (0.0050–0.0059%). All three isotopes are radioactive, creating radioisotopes, with the most abundant and stable being uranium-238 with a half-life of", "Holmium\nto separate from other rare earths. The element has been isolated through the reduction of its anhydrous chloride or fluoride with metallic calcium. Its estimated abundance in the Earth's crust is 1.3 mg/kg. Holmium obeys the Oddo–Harkins rule: as an odd-numbered element, it is less abundant than its immediate even-numbered neighbors, dysprosium and erbium. However, it is the most abundant of the odd-numbered heavy lanthanides. The principal current source are some of the ion-adsorption clays of southern China. Some of these have a rare-earth composition similar to that found in xenotime or gadolinite. Yttrium makes up about 2/3 of the", "Caesium\nelement estimated to average 3 parts per million in the Earth's crust. It is the 45th most abundant element and the 36th among the metals. Nevertheless, it is more abundant than such elements as antimony, cadmium, tin, and tungsten, and two orders of magnitude more abundant than mercury and silver; it is 3.3% as abundant as rubidium, with which it is closely associated, chemically. Due to its large ionic radius, caesium is one of the \"\"incompatible elements\"\". During magma crystallization, caesium is concentrated in the liquid phase and crystallizes last. Therefore, the largest deposits of caesium are zone pegmatite ore", "Lead\nof them. When the neutron flux subsides, these nuclei beta decay into stable isotopes of osmium, iridium, and platinum. Lead is classified as a chalcophile under the Goldschmidt classification, meaning it is generally found combined with sulfur. It rarely occurs in its native, metallic form. Many lead minerals are relatively light and, over the course of the Earth's history, have remained in the crust instead of sinking deeper into the Earth's interior. This accounts for lead's relatively high crustal abundance of 14 ppm; it is the 38th most abundant element in the crust. The main lead-bearing mineral is galena (PbS),", "\"Abundance of the chemical elements\"\nprocesses. There are also breaks in the abundance graph where the six noble gases would be, since they are not chemically bound in the Earth's crust, and they are only generated by decay chains from radioactive elements in the crust, and are therefore extremely rare there. The eight naturally occurring very rare, highly radioactive elements (polonium, astatine, francium, radium, actinium, protactinium, neptunium, and plutonium) are not included, since any of these elements that were present at the formation of the Earth have decayed away eons ago, and their quantity today is negligible and is only produced from the radioactive decay", "Molybdenum\nproduced by the propellant of the one ton shell. After the war, demand plummeted until metallurgical advances allowed extensive development of peacetime applications. In World War II, molybdenum again saw strategic importance as a substitute for tungsten in steel alloys. Molybdenum is the 54th most abundant element in the Earth's crust and the 25th most abundant element in its oceans, with an average of 10 parts per billion; it is the 42nd most abundant element in the Universe. The Russian Luna 24 mission discovered a molybdenum-bearing grain (1 × 0.6 µm) in a pyroxene fragment taken from Mare Crisium on", "\"Boron group\"\nseveral zinc ores, but only in minute quantities; likewise some copper and lead ores contain traces. As is the case for most other elements found in ores and minerals, the indium extraction process has become more efficient in recent years, ultimately leading to larger yields. Canada is the world's leader in indium reserves, but both the United States and China have comparable amounts. Thallium is neither rare nor common in the Earth's crust, but falls somewhere in the middle. Its abundance is estimated to be 0.00006% (0.6 ppm). Thallium is the 56th most common element in the earth's crust, more", "\"Mineral redox buffer\"\nMineral redox buffer In geology, a redox buffer is an assemblage of minerals or compounds that constrains oxygen fugacity as a function of temperature. Knowledge of the redox conditions (or equivalently, oxygen fugacities) at which a rock forms and evolves can be important for interpreting the rock history. Iron, sulfur, and manganese are three of the relatively abundant elements in the Earth's crust that occur in more than one oxidation state. For instance, iron, the fourth most abundant element in the crust, exists as native iron, ferrous iron (Fe), and ferric iron (Fe). The redox state of a rock affects", "Silicon\nabundances are not replicated well on Earth due to substantial separation of the elements taking place during the formation of the Solar System. Silicon makes up 27.2% of the Earth's crust by weight, second only to oxygen at 45.5%, with which it always is associated in nature. Further fractionation took place in the formation of the Earth by planetary differentiation: Earth's core, which makes up 31.5% of the mass of the Earth, has approximate composition FeNiCoS; the mantle makes up 68.1% of the Earth's mass and is composed mostly of denser oxides and silicates, an example being olivine, (Mg,Fe)SiO; while", "\"Abundance of the chemical elements\"\nin the Sun and outer planets is similar to that in the universe. Due to solar heating, the elements of Earth and the inner rocky planets of the Solar System have undergone an additional depletion of volatile hydrogen, helium, neon, nitrogen, and carbon (which volatilizes as methane). The crust, mantle, and core of the Earth show evidence of chemical segregation plus some sequestration by density. Lighter silicates of aluminum are found in the crust, with more magnesium silicate in the mantle, while metallic iron and nickel compose the core. The abundance of elements in specialized environments, such as atmospheres, or", "Carbon\nCarbon Carbon (from \"\"coal\"\") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Three isotopes occur naturally, C and C being stable, while C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon's abundance, its unique", "\"Period 6 element\"\nin 1839 as an impurity in cerium nitrate – hence the name \"\"lanthanum\"\", from the Ancient Greek \"\"λανθάνειν\"\" (\"\"lanthanein\"\"), meaning \"\"to lie hidden\"\". Although it is classified as a rare earth element, lanthanum is the 28th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, almost three times as abundant as lead. In minerals such as monazite and bastnäsite, lanthanum composes about a quarter of the lanthanide content. It is extracted from those minerals by a process of such complexity that pure lanthanum metal was not isolated until 1923. Lanthanum compounds have numerous applications as catalysts, additives in glass, carbon arc lamps", "\"Group 4 element\"\ntitanium, zirconium and hafnium, the abundance decreases with increase of atomic mass. Titanium is the seventh most abundant metal in Earth's crust and has an abundance of 6320 ppm, while zirconium has an abundance of 162 ppm and hafnium has only an abundance of 3 ppm. All three stable elements occur in heavy mineral sands ore deposits, which are placer deposits formed, most usually in beach environments, by concentration due to the specific gravity of the mineral grains of erosion material from mafic and ultramafic rock. The titanium minerals are mostly anatase and rutile, and zirconium occurs in the mineral", "\"Group 12 element\"\nIt was then officially named by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) after Nicolaus Copernicus on February 19, 2010, the 537th anniversary of Copernicus' birth. Like in most other d-block groups, the abundance in Earth's crust of group 12 elements decreases with higher atomic number. Zinc is with 65 parts per million (ppm) the most abundant in the group while cadmium with 0.1 ppm and mercury with 0.08 ppm are orders of magnitude less abundant. Copernicium, as a synthetic element with a half-life of a few minutes, may only be present in the laboratories where it was", "Rhenium\nalkynes yield diketones, and alkenes give epoxides. MTO also catalyses the conversion of aldehydes and diazoalkanes into an alkene. A distinctive derivative of rhenium is nonahydridorhenate, originally thought to be the \"\"rhenide\"\" anion, Re, but actually containing the anion in which the oxidation state of rhenium is +7. Rhenium is one of the rarest elements in Earth's crust with an average concentration of 1 ppb; other sources quote the number of 0.5 ppb making it the 77th most abundant element in Earth's crust. Rhenium is probably not found free in nature (its possible natural occurrence is uncertain), but occurs in", "Samarium\nwill therefore be making SEG with a view to marketing it to the specialized processors. In this manner, the valuable europium content of the ore is rescued for use in phosphor manufacture. Samarium purification follows the removal of the europium. , being in oversupply, samarium oxide is less expensive on a commercial scale than its relative abundance in the ore might suggest. With the average concentration of about 8 parts per million (ppm), samarium is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It is the fifth most abundant lanthanide and is more common than elements such as tin.", "Uranium\nUranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water. Uranium is the 51st element in order of abundance in the Earth's crust. Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined with other elements. The decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium-40 in the Earth's mantle is thought to be the main source of heat that keeps the outer core liquid and drives mantle convection, which in turn drives plate tectonics. Uranium's average concentration in the Earth's crust is", "\"Magnesite in Greece\"\nMagnesite in Greece Magnesium (Mg) is a chemical element, an alkaline earth metal, the eighth-most abundant element in the Earth's crust and the fourth-most common element on Earth. It is contained in magnesite, dolomite, brucite, carnallite, talc, and magnesium minerals. China is now the biggest producer of crude magnesite in the world for refractory and agricultural uses. Crude magnesite was produced in Greece in 1910. It was first found in Atalanti and in the Province of Lokris, central Greece. Other localities were Perachori, near Corinth; Ermioni (or Kastri) and on Spetses Island in southern Argolis in the Peloponnese; on Paros", "\"Period 3 element\"\nchloride for use as a deicing agent and a nutrient. The free metal, elemental sodium, does not occur in nature but must be prepared from sodium compounds. Elemental sodium was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide. The same ion is also a component of many minerals, such as sodium nitrate. \"\"Magnesium\"\" (symbol Mg) is an alkaline earth metal and has common oxidation number +2. It is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and ninth in the known universe as a whole. Magnesium is the fourth most common element in the", "\"Rare-earth element\"\nother important rare earth minerals, and uranium and decay products are found in others. Both series of elements begin on the periodic table in group 3 under yttrium and scandium. The 17 rare-earth elements are cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and yttrium (Y). Despite their name, rare-earth elements are – with the exception of the radioactive promethium – relatively plentiful in Earth's crust, with cerium being the 25th most abundant element at 68", "Helium-4\nHelium-4 Helium-4 (' or ') is a non-radioactive isotope of the element helium. It is by far the most abundant of the two naturally occurring isotopes of helium, making up about 99.99986% of the helium on Earth. Its nucleus is identical to an alpha particle, and consists of two protons and two neutrons. Alpha decay of heavy elements in the Earth's crust is the source of most naturally occurring helium-4 on Earth. While it is also produced by nuclear fusion in stars, most helium-4 in the Sun and in the universe is thought to have been produced by the Big", "\"Goldschmidt classification\"\nEarth significantly reduced through escape of volatile hydrides during the Earth's formation. Although they are present in the Earth's crust in concentrations quite close to their solar abundances, phosphorus and the heavier halogens are probably significantly depleted \"\"on Earth as a whole\"\" relative to their solar abundances. Several transition metals, including chromium, molybdenum, iron and manganese, show \"\"both\"\" lithophile \"\"and\"\" siderophile characteristics and can be found in both these two layers. Although these metals form strong bonds with oxygen and are never found in the Earth's crust in the free state, metallic forms of these elements are thought very likely", "Lanthanide\npurification methods for these elements which require a great deal of repeating to get a purified metal. The refined metals and their compounds have subtle and stark differences amongst themselves in electronic, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties which account for their many niche uses. By way of examples of the term meaning the above considerations rather than their scarcity, cerium is the 26th most abundant element in the Earth's crust and more abundant than copper, neodymium is more abundant than gold; thulium (the second least common naturally occurring lanthanide) is more abundant than iodine, which is itself common enough for", "Metal\nheavier elements such as thorium and uranium. Metals condense in planets as a result of stellar evolution and destruction processes. Stars lose much of their mass when it is ejected late in their lifetimes, and sometimes thereafter as a result of a neutron star merger, thereby increasing the abundance of elements heavier than helium in the interstellar medium. When gravitational attraction causes this matter to coalesce and collapse new stars and planets are formed. The Earth's crust is made of approximately 25% of metals by weight, of which 80% are light metals such as sodium, magnesium, and aluminium. Nonmetals (~75%)", "\"Planetary habitability\"\nthe building blocks of proteins, the substance of living tissue. In addition, neither sulfur, required for the building of proteins, nor phosphorus, needed for the formation of DNA, RNA, and the adenosine phosphates essential to metabolism, is rare. Relative abundance in space does not always mirror differentiated abundance within planets; of the four life elements, for instance, only oxygen is present in any abundance in the Earth's crust. This can be partly explained by the fact that many of these elements, such as hydrogen and nitrogen, along with their simplest and most common compounds, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,", "\"Chemical element\"\nin selective loss of the very lightest elements (hydrogen and helium) and also volatile neon, carbon (as hydrocarbons), nitrogen and sulfur, as a result of solar heating in the early formation of the solar system. Oxygen, the most abundant Earth element by mass, is retained on Earth by combination with silicon. Aluminum at 8% by mass is more common in the Earth's crust than in the universe and solar system, but the composition of the far more bulky mantle, which has magnesium and iron in place of aluminum (which occurs there only at 2% of mass) more closely mirrors the", "Holmium\nareas are China, United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia with reserves of holmium estimated as 400,000 tonnes. Holmium makes up 1.4 parts per million of the Earth's crust by mass. This makes it the 56th most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Holmium makes up 1 part per million of the soils, 400 parts per quadrillion of seawater, and almost none of Earth's atmosphere. Holmium is rare for a lanthanide. It makes up 500 parts per trillion of the universe by mass. It is commercially extracted by ion exchange from monazite sand (0.05% holmium), but is still difficult", "\"Abundances of the elements (data page)\"\nGeophysics, Astronomy, and Acoustics; Abundance of Elements in the Earth's Crust and in the Sea: National Physical Laboratory, Kaye and Laby \"\"Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants\"\" (2005). Section 3.1.3, Abundances of the elements, B.E.J. Pagel A. Earnshaw, N. Greenwood, \"\"Chemistry of the Elements\"\", 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, (1997). Appendix 4, Abundance of Elements in Crustal Rocks. Abundances of the elements (data page) The established abundances of chemical elements in urban soils can be considered a geochemical (ecological and geochemical) characteristic, the accumulated impact of technogenic and natural processes at the beginning of the 21st century. The figures estimate average concentrations", "Geoneutrino\nisotopes in the Earth interior. The remaining heat loss is due to the secular cooling of the Earth, growth of the Earth’s inner core (gravitational energy and latent heat contributions), and other processes. The most important heat-producing elements are uranium (U), thorium (Th), and potassium (K). The debate about their abundances in the Earth has not concluded. Various compositional estimates exist where the total Earth’s internal radiogenic heating rate ranges from as low as ~10 TW to as high as ~30 TW. About 7 TW worth of heat-producing elements reside in the Earth's crust, the remaining power is distributed in", "\"Alkali metal\"\namounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements. The alkali metals, due to their high reactivity, do not occur naturally in pure form in nature. They are lithophiles and therefore remain close to the Earth's surface because they combine readily with oxygen and so associate strongly with silica, forming relatively low-density minerals that do not sink down into the Earth's core. Potassium, rubidium and caesium are also incompatible elements due to their large ionic radii. Sodium and potassium are very abundant in earth, both being among the ten most common elements in Earth's crust; sodium makes", "Samarium\nmineral samarskite from which it was isolated. The mineral itself was earlier named after a Russian mine official, Colonel Vassili Samarsky-Bykhovets, who thereby became the first person to have a chemical element named after him, albeit indirectly. Although classified as a rare-earth element, samarium is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth's crust and is more common than such metals as tin. Samarium occurs with concentration up to 2.8% in several minerals including cerite, gadolinite, samarskite, monazite and bastnäsite, the last two being the most common commercial sources of the element. These minerals are mostly found in China, the", "Gallium\nera of semiconductors, the primary uses of gallium were high-temperature thermometrics and metal alloys with unusual properties of stability or ease of melting (some such being liquid at room temperature). The development of gallium arsenide as a direct band gap semiconductor in the 1960s ushered in the most important stage in the applications of gallium. Gallium does not exist as a free element in the Earth's crust, and the few high-content minerals, such as gallite (CuGaS), are too rare to serve as a primary source. The abundance in the Earth's crust is approximately 16.9 ppm. This is comparable to the", "Aluminium(I)\nAlBr3 (s) -> 2 AlBr2 (s)</chem> In Lewis basic solutions, AlX compounds have a tendency to oligomerize. Aluminium is not only the most abundant metal in the earth's crust, but also an element of low toxicity. As such, aluminium (I) complexes attract considerable interest. These complexes can be supported by various ligands and used to activate small molecules. In 2018, Liu et. al explored the chemistry of aluminium (I) with β-diketiminato ligands, widely used ligands with immense versatility in electronic and steric properties. These aluminium (I) complexes have immense potential for small molecule activation. Synthesis β-diketiminato aluminium alkyls and aluminium", "\"Abundance of the chemical elements\"\n0.75% is made up of the next five elements: potassium (K), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg). CHNOPS for short. Only 17 elements are known for certain to be necessary to human life, with one additional element (fluorine) thought to be helpful for tooth enamel strength. A few more trace elements may play some role in the health of mammals. Boron and silicon are notably necessary for plants but have uncertain roles in animals. The elements aluminium and silicon, although very common in the earth's crust, are conspicuously rare in the human body. Below is a periodic", "Chalcogen\ntime of the first crystallisation of the Earth's crust. This has led to their depletion in the Earth's crust relative to their solar abundances, though this depletion has not reached the levels found with siderophile elements. Approximately 100 million metric tons of oxygen are produced yearly. Oxygen is most commonly produced by fractional distillation, in which air is cooled to a liquid, then warmed, allowing all the components of air except for oxygen to turn to gases and escape. Fractionally distilling air several times can produce 99.5% pure oxygen. Another method with which oxygen is produced is to send a", "\"Goldschmidt classification\"\nof manganese are found in much the same sites as are those of aluminium and titanium, owing to manganese's great reactivity towards oxygen. Because they are so concentrated in the dense core, siderophile elements are known for their rarity in the Earth's crust. Most of them have always been known as precious metals because of this. Iridium is the rarest transition metal occurring within the Earth's crust, with an abundance by mass of less than one part per billion. Mineable deposits of precious metals usually form as a result of the erosion of ultramafic rocks, but are not highly concentrated", "Cerium\nrare-earth elements in minerals such as those of the monazite and bastnäsite groups, cerium is easy to extract from its ores, as it can be distinguished among the lanthanides by its unique ability to be oxidized to the +4 state. It is the most common of the lanthanides, followed by neodymium, lanthanum, and praseodymium. It is the 26th-most abundant element, making up 66 ppm of the Earth's crust, half as much as chlorine and five times as much as lead. Cerium was the first of the lanthanides to be discovered, in Bastnäs, Sweden by Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger", "Potash\nin nature because it reacts violently with water. As part of various compounds, potassium makes up about 2.6% of the Earth's crust by mass and is the seventh most abundant element, similar in abundance to sodium at approximately 1.8% of the crust. Potash is important for agriculture because it improves water retention, yield, nutrient value, taste, color, texture and disease resistance of food crops. It has wide application to fruit and vegetables, rice, wheat and other grains, sugar, corn, soybeans, palm oil and cotton, all of which benefit from the nutrient’s quality-enhancing properties. Demand for food and animal feed has", "\"Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin\"\nthe current scientific consensus that the elemental composition of the Sun and the Earth were similar. In 1914, he had written in an academic article: The agreement of the solar and terrestrial lists is such as to confirm very strongly Rowland’s opinion that, if the Earth’s crust should be raised to the temperature of the Sun’s atmosphere, it would give a very similar absorption spectrum. The spectra of the Sun and other stars were similar, so it appeared that the relative abundance of elements in the universe was like that in Earth’s crust. Payne consequently described her results as \"\"spurious\"\".", "Iron\nby two successive positron emissions within supernova decay products in the supernova remnant gas cloud, first to radioactive Co, and then to stable Fe. As such, iron is the most abundant element in the core of red giants, and is the most abundant metal in iron meteorites and in the dense metal cores of planets such as Earth. It is also very common in the universe, relative to other stable metals of approximately the same atomic weight. Iron is the sixth most abundant element in the Universe, and the most common refractory element. Although a further tiny energy gain could", "\"Rare-earth element\"\nthe HREE show less enrichment in Earth's crust relative to chondritic abundance than does cerium and the LREE. This has economic consequences: large ore bodies of LREE are known around the world and are being exploited. Ore bodies for HREE are more rare, smaller, and less concentrated. Most of the current supply of HREE originates in the \"\"ion-absorption clay\"\" ores of Southern China. Some versions provide concentrates containing about 65% yttrium oxide, with the HREE being present in ratios reflecting the Oddo–Harkins rule: even-numbered REE at abundances of about 5% each, and odd-numbered REE at abundances of about 1% each.", "\"Period 3 element\"\nin 1810, who named it chlorine, from the Greek word χλωρος (chlōros), meaning \"\"green-yellow.\"\" Chlorine is a component of various compounds, including table salt. It is the second most abundant halogen and 21st most abundant chemical element in Earth's crust. The great oxidizing potential of chlorine led it to its bleaching and disinfectant uses, as well as uses of an essential reagent in the chemical industry. As a common disinfectant, chlorine compounds are used in swimming pools to keep them clean and sanitary. In the upper atmosphere, chlorine-containing molecules such as chlorofluorocarbons have been implicated in ozone depletion. \"\"Argon\"\" (symbol", "Rubidium\nkrypton-82. Rubidium is the twenty-third most abundant element in the Earth's crust, roughly as abundant as zinc and rather more common than copper. It occurs naturally in the minerals leucite, pollucite, carnallite, and zinnwaldite, which contain as much as 1% rubidium oxide. Lepidolite contains between 0.3% and 3.5% rubidium, and is the commercial source of the element. Some potassium minerals and potassium chlorides also contain the element in commercially significant quantities. Seawater contains an average of 125 µg/L of rubidium compared to the much higher value for potassium of 408 mg/L and the much lower value of 0.3 µg/L for" ]

[ true, true, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, true, false, true, true, true, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true, true, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "Ditchling Beacon" ]

[ "Sussex\nof Sussex\"\", was adopted as Sussex's county flower in 2002. The physical geography of Sussex relies heavily on its lying on the southern part of the Wealden anticline, the major features of which are the high lands that cross the county in a west to east direction: the Weald itself and the South Downs. Natural England has identified the following seven national character areas in Sussex: At 280m, Blackdown is the highest point in Sussex, or county top. Ditchling Beacon (248m) is the highest point in East Sussex. At long, the River Medway is the longest river flowing through Sussex.", "\"Greensand Ridge\"\nGreensand Ridge The Greensand Ridge is an extensive, prominent, often wooded, mixed greensand/sandstone escarpment in south-east England. It runs to and from the East Sussex coast, around the Weald, a former dense forest in Sussex, Surrey and Kent. It reaches its highest elevation, , at Leith Hill in Surrey—the second highest point in south-east England, while another hill in its range, Blackdown, is the highest point in Sussex at . The eastern end of the ridge forms the northern boundary of Romney Marsh. The Greensand Ridge, formed of Lower Greensand, much of which is sandstone and where hardest is locally", "\"Greensand Ridge\"\nnear Westerham through Sevenoaks to Plaxtol, forms part of the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, where it is known as the \"\"Sevenoaks Greensand Ridge\"\". Greensand Ridge The Greensand Ridge is an extensive, prominent, often wooded, mixed greensand/sandstone escarpment in south-east England. It runs to and from the East Sussex coast, around the Weald, a former dense forest in Sussex, Surrey and Kent. It reaches its highest elevation, , at Leith Hill in Surrey—the second highest point in south-east England, while another hill in its range, Blackdown, is the highest point in Sussex at . The eastern end of", "\"Geography of Sussex\"\ntop. Ditchling Beacon (248m) is the highest point in East Sussex. Sussex's second highest point and the highest point in Sussex on the South Downs is Crown Tegleaze at 255m tall. Sussex contains seven Marilyns, that is peaks that have 150m or more of relative height.: Blackdown, Ditchling Beacon, Crowborough Beacon (242m), Chanctonbury Hill (240m), Firle Beacon (217m), Wilmington Hill (214m) and Cliffe Hill (164m). This is a fertile narrow belt from Chichester to Brighton. Once noted for market gardening, it is now heavily built up into a sprawling coastal conurbation. The beaches along the coast vary from sandy to", "\"Ditchling Beacon\"\nDitchling Beacon Ditchling Beacon is the third-highest point on the South Downs in south-east England, behind Butser Hill (270 m; 886 ft) and Crown Tegleaze (253 m; 830 ft). It consists of a large chalk hill with a particularly steep northern face, covered with open grassland and sheep-grazing areas. Situated just south of the East Sussex village of Ditchling and to the north-east of the city of Brighton, it is the highest point in the county of East Sussex. A road runs from Ditchling up and across the northern face and down into the northern suburbs of Brighton, and there", "\"Ditchling Beacon\"\nused for the grazing of sheep. Ditchling Beacon was the origin (meridian) of the 6 inch and 1:2500 Ordnance Survey maps of Sussex. Ditchling Beacon Ditchling Beacon is the third-highest point on the South Downs in south-east England, behind Butser Hill (270 m; 886 ft) and Crown Tegleaze (253 m; 830 ft). It consists of a large chalk hill with a particularly steep northern face, covered with open grassland and sheep-grazing areas. Situated just south of the East Sussex village of Ditchling and to the north-east of the city of Brighton, it is the highest point in the county of", "\"Dormansland, Surrey\"\nGreathed's private park, which is in Dormansland and scattered woodlands of Dormans Park, a housing estate toward the southern border. It is a large civil parish approximately one mile south of Lingfield. It is a recent village relative to the average age of an English village, and is bordered on the east by Kent and on the south by West Sussex and East Sussex, the only area of the county which borders East Sussex. The nearest town is the large town of East Grinstead, immediately across the West Sussex border which adjoins Dormans Park. The highest point of the south-east", "\"Geography of Sussex\"\nand many other summits exceed . The Weald is what remains of the vast forest that existed between the North and South Downs. It can be split into three parts, the High Weald, the Low Weald and the Greensand Ridge. The High Weald runs in an easterly direction from St Leonard's Forest, south-west of Crawley, and continues to Ashdown Forest. Its eastern extremity is in two sections, divided by the River Rother valley. The northern arm reaches the sea at Folkestone (in Kent); the southern at Fairlight Down east of Hastings. Within the Weald lies Sussex's highest point, the pine-clad", "\"Bow Hill, Sussex\"\nBow Hill, Sussex Bow Hill is an elongated hill ridge, high, and running roughly from north to south in the South Downs, in the county of West Sussex, England. It has a prominence of 74 metres. Bow Hill is the highest point of Stoughton Down which lies to the east of the village of Stoughton in West Sussex. The summit itself is 2 kilometres due east of Stoughton and about 7 kilometres northwest of the nearest large town, Chichester. To the south are Stoke Down and the village of West Stoke; to the east and southeast are the villages of", "\"University of Sussex\"\nof International Humanitarian Legal Studies, European Journal of International Relations and the Child and Family Social Work Journal, among many others. New students entering the university in 2015 had the 47th highest UCAS Points in the UK (and the 6th in the South East) at 366 points (the equivalent of BBC at A Level and BC at AS Level). According to the 2017 \"\"Times\"\" and \"\"Sunday Times\"\" Good University Guide, approximately 12% of Sussex's undergraduates come from independent schools. Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS) results from a partnership between the University of Brighton and the University of Sussex. The", "\"Plumpton, East Sussex\"\nPlumpton, East Sussex Plumpton is a village and civil parish in the Lewes District of East Sussex, England. The village is located five miles (8 km) north-west of Lewes. The parish measures 6.5 miles in length on its north-south axis and 1 mile at its widest on the B2116 Underhill Road. The southern half of the parish lies within the South Downs National Park and the highest point is the crest of Plumpton Plain at 214m (702 feet), which is traversed by the South Downs Way. The parish includes the small village of Plumpton adjacent to the Downs and to", "\"Plumpton, East Sussex\"\n1960s British children's television series Trumpton by Gordon Murray, with nearby Chailey being Chigley and Wivelsfield Green being Camberwick Green. Plumpton, East Sussex Plumpton is a village and civil parish in the Lewes District of East Sussex, England. The village is located five miles (8 km) north-west of Lewes. The parish measures 6.5 miles in length on its north-south axis and 1 mile at its widest on the B2116 Underhill Road. The southern half of the parish lies within the South Downs National Park and the highest point is the crest of Plumpton Plain at 214m (702 feet), which is", "\"East Sussex\"\nrural, districts (from west to east): Lewes; Wealden; and Rother. Eastbourne and Hastings are mainly urban areas. The rural districts are further subdivided into civil parishes. From a geological point of view East Sussex is part of southern anticline of the Weald: the South Downs, a range of moderate chalk hills which run across the southern part of the county from west to east and mirrored in Kent by the North Downs. To the north lie parallel valleys and ridges, the highest of which is the Weald itself (the Hastings beds and Wealden Clay). The sandstones and clays meet the", "Crowborough\nA. A. Milne's stories about Winnie-the-Pooh. The highest point in the town is 242 metres above sea level. This summit is the highest point of the High Weald and second highest point in East Sussex (the highest is Ditchling Beacon). Its relative height is 159 m, meaning Crowborough qualifies as one of England's Marilyns. The summit is not marked on the ground. The town has grown from a series of previously separate villages and hamlets including Jarvis Brook, Poundfield, Whitehill, Stone Cross and Alderbrook, Sweet Haws and Steel Cross. The main road through Crowborough is the A26, which runs through", "\"Geography of Sussex\"\nshingle: that factor, together with the mild climate of the coast, sheltered by the hills from north and east winds, has resulted in the growth of numerous resort towns, of which the most popular are (east to west) Brighton, Shoreham-by-Sea, Worthing, Littlehampton and Bognor Regis. The South Downs start from a point near Petersfield in Hampshire. On entering Sussex, their summit is about from the sea. They run east for some , gradually approaching the coast, and terminating in the bold promontory of Beachy Head near Eastbourne. Their average height is about though Ditchling Beacon is (the third highest summit)", "\"Turners Hill\"\nTurners Hill Turners Hill is a village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. The civil parish covers an area of , and has a population of 1,849 (2001 census) increasing to 1,919 at the 2011 Census. The village is located three miles (5 km) south-west of East Grinstead, four miles (6 km) to the south-east of Crawley and stands on a steep ridge line at one of the highest points (580 feet above sea level) of the High Weald, where two historically important routes, the B2110 and B2028, cross. In the centre is the", "\"Bow Hill, Sussex\"\nalthough the summit itself is not. The ridge has much evidence of ancient settlement, including a cross dyke, tumuli, earthworks and long barrows. Of particular note are Goosehill Camp, an Iron Age hillfort about 1,500 metres north-northeast of Bow Hill on the east side of the ridge, and the Devil's Humps, a cluster of four Bronze Age barrows. Bow Hill, Sussex Bow Hill is an elongated hill ridge, high, and running roughly from north to south in the South Downs, in the county of West Sussex, England. It has a prominence of 74 metres. Bow Hill is the highest point", "\"West Sussex\"\nstrata, part of the Weald–Artois Anticline. The eastern part of this ridge, the Weald of Kent, Sussex and Surrey has been greatly eroded, with the chalk surface removed to expose older Lower Cretaceous rocks of the Wealden Group. In West Sussex the exposed rock becomes older towards the north of the county with Lower Greensand ridges along the border with Surrey including the highest point of the county at Blackdown. Erosion of softer sand and clay strata has hollowed out the basin of the Weald leaving a north facing scarp slope of the chalk which runs east and west across", "Sussex\neconomy in Sussex. These were the Coast to Capital LEP, covering West Sussex, Brighton and Hove and the Lewes district in the west of East Sussex, as well as parts of Surrey and South London; and the South East LEP, which covers the local authority area of East Sussex, as well as Kent and Essex. In the most populous part of Sussex, around the Brighton and Hove Built-up area, the Greater Brighton City Deal was formed to enable the area to fulfil its economic potential, into one of the highest performing urban economies in the UK. Tourism in Sussex is", "\"Rape of Bramber\"\nbetween the rapes of Bramber and Lewes. The oak was cut down in the 1840s and is remembered today in the County Oak Retail Park in Crawley. The highest point in the rape is Chanctonbury Ring at tall. Until the creation of the rape of Bramber, Sussex had been divided into east and west at the River Adur, at least for the purposes of the church in Sussex (divided from at least the 11th century into the archdeaconry of Chichester and the archdeaconry of Lewes). After the creation of the rape of Bramber, the rape became one of the three", "\"Greensand Ridge\"\naround the northern edge of the Low Weald, running parallel to and just south of the chalk escarpment of the North Downs. This stretch of the Greensand has become the most closely identified with the term \"\"Greensand Ridge\"\", and it includes the second highest point in south-east England, Leith Hill in Surrey. West of the Weald the Lower Greensand has produced a more extensive area of hills and valleys, including the highest point in Sussex, Blackdown. On the south side of the Weald the Lower Greensand also forms another arc of rather less pronounced hills parallel to and just north", "\"Oakham Hill\"\nOakham Hill Oakham Hill is one of the highest points in the county of Hampshire, England, and in the South Downs, rising to above sea level. Oakham Hill rises about 1 kilometre southeast of the village of Buriton in Hampshire and just a few hundred metres east of the county boundary with West Sussex. Just to the west are the summits of Head Down (205 m), War Down (244 m) and the highest point in the South Downs, Butser Hill (270 m), in the heart of the Queen Elizabeth Country Park. On the southern spur of Oakham Hill is Ditcham", "Ockley\nand Horsham, close to the Sussex/Surrey border, Ockley stretches to the escarpment of Leith Hill, the second highest point in South East England, after Walbury Hill in the far south-west of Berkshire. The northern border is marked by the Greensand Ridge. Close to this small beds of Sussex marble, which is remnants of a former limestone area of the Weald, are found. The A29 is the main road through the village with Horsham to the south and Dorking to the north. Local minor roads provide relatively straight access from just north of the village's developed area to Ewhurst and Cranleigh", "\"East Sussex\"\nland begins to rise again where the sands and clays of the Weald meet the sea; these culminate in the sandstone cliffs east of Hastings. Further east are the Pett Levels, more marshland, beyond which is the estuary of the River Rother. On the far side of the estuary are the dunes of Camber Sands. The highest point of the Downs within the county is Ditchling Beacon, at 814 feet (248 m): it is termed a Marilyn. The Weald occupies the northern borderlands of the county. Between the Downs and Weald is a narrow stretch of lower lying land; many", "Folkestone\nFolkestone Harbour began. At the beginning of the 1800s a harbour was developed, but it was the coming of the railways in 1843 that would have the bigger impact. Dover Hill, which is the highest point in Folkestone, was a sighting point for the Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790), which measured the precise distance between the Royal Greenwich Observatory and the Paris Observatory. The hill provided a sight-line to the east along the line of the Folkestone Turnpike to Dover Castle, one of the two principal cross-channel observation points, the other being Fairlight Down in Sussex. Until the 19th century Folkestone remained", "\"Blackdown, West Sussex\"\nBlackdown, West Sussex Blackdown, or Black Down, is the highest hill in the historic county of Sussex, at 280 metres (919 feet). In southeastern England it is exceeded only by Walbury Hill and Leith Hill. It is also the highest point in the South Downs National Park. The pine- and heather-covered slopes are owned by the National Trust and are a favourite walking spot. Blackdown has strong literary associations with the poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson. The great black mass of Blackdown looms over much of the Low Weald of west Sussex and south-west Surrey. Geologically part of the Greensand Ridge", "\"Rape of Pevensey\"\nof Crowborough, Eastbourne and East Grinstead. At tall, Crowborough Beacon in the High Weald is the highest point in the rape. The rape is traditionally divided into the following hundreds: Rape of Pevensey The Rape of Pevensey is one of the rapes, the traditional sub-divisions unique to the historic county of Sussex in England. William the Conqueror granted the rape of Pevensey to his half-brother Robert, Count of Mortain shortly after the Norman Conquest. Pevensey rape lies between the rape of Lewes to the west and the rape of Hastings to the east. The north-west of the rape is bounded", "\"Farthing Common\"\nFarthing Common Farthing Common is an area of common land about 10 km northwest of Folkestone in East Kent. It is one of the highest points of the North Downs at 185 metres above sea level, and was the junction of the ancient trackway along the Downs from Folkestone, with the Roman road (now the B2068 Stone Street) between Lympne and Canterbury. From the common there are extensive views across Kent and on a clear day it is possible to see as far as the Cliffs at Fairlight in Sussex and even the South Downs. Just east of Farthing Common", "\"Bow Hill, Sussex\"\nWest Dean and Mid Lavant in the valley of the River Lavant, to the north are East Marden and Chilgrove. Bow Hill is the highest point on a north-to-south running and steep-sided ridge and there is a trig point at the top. Its crest and upper slopes are densely wooded, but the lower slopes are open downland. Various tracks and bridleways run pass close to the summit and there is a ridgeway that divides just northeast of the summit heading to Stoughton in one direction and West Stoke in the other. Much of Bow Hill lies with a nature reserve,", "\"Rape of Chichester\"\nthe archbishop's hundred of Pagham. Once established it remained unaltered, the only change in the contents of the Rape being in 1844, when under the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 the long narrow strip constituting North and South Ambersham was annexed to Sussex. Until that time it had been a detached part of the county of Hampshire, part of the parish of Steep. The rape of Chichester includes the city of Chichester and the towns of Bognor Regis, Midhurst and Selsey. Its highest point is Blackdown, which at 280 metres (919 feet) is the highest point in all of Sussex.", "\"Religion in Sussex\"\nBrighton Buddhist Centre. The UK headquarters of the Church of Scientology is situated at Saint Hill Manor, near East Grinstead. In 2011 Mid Sussex had the highest proportion of Scientologists per head of any district in England and Wales. 1 per cent of respondents in Brighton and Hove in the 2011 census gave their religion as jediism, the highest in the UK. The tendency of humans to dispose of their dead ceremonially is considered to distinguish them from other species of animals. This started to happen in Europe about 80,000 years ago. The human record in Sussex goes back to", "\"South East England\"\nUSA. Twix was introduced at Slough in 1967, with production moving to eastern France (Mars Chocolat France at Haguenau in Alsace) in 2005. The Ford GT40 was developed by Ford Advanced Vehicles at Slough in the mid-1960s. The largest city in the region is Brighton & Hove. The dominant influence on the region's economy is neighbouring London. The highest point is Walbury Hill in Berkshire at . Britain's tallest native tree, according to The Tree Register in April 2015, is a 144-ft beech at Devil's Dyke in Newtimber Woods in West Sussex. Until 1999, there was a south east Standard", "\"Geography of Sussex\"\ncalled Rampion, named by E.ON after the county flower for Sussex, would according to E.ON, deliver 450MW of electricity. Sussex's population is dominated by the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation which with a population of over 460,000 is home to almost 1 in 3 of Sussex's population. According to the ONS urban area populations for continuous built-up areas, these are the 5 largest conurbations (population figures from the 2001 census): The largest towns and cities in Sussex are as follows: Natural England has identified the following seven national character areas in Sussex: At 280m Blackdown is the highest point in Sussex, or county", "\"History of Christianity in Sussex\"\n1603. At the end of Elizabeth's reign, Catholicism continued to be tolerated. On the death of her husband, Lady Montague withdrew to Battle Abbey, the family's seat in the east of he county. The establishment of what became known as \"\"Little Rome\"\" became a focal point for the local Catholic community, with as many as 120 people attending Mass. This shows that long-standing political loyalty by Catholics was repaid by a form of toleration. The Catholic Sussex families which suffered imprisonment or financial ruin at this time were mostly those that were involved in conspiracies against Elizabeth. After the uprising", "Molokai\ndistinct shield volcanoes known as East Molokai and the much smaller West Molokai. The highest point is \"\"Kamakou\"\" on East Molokai, at . Today, East Molokai volcano, like the Koolau Range on Oahu, is what remains of the southern half of the original mountain. The northern half suffered a catastrophic collapse about 1.5 million years ago and now lies as a debris field scattered northward across the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. What remains of the volcano on the island include the highest sea cliffs in the world. The south shore of Molokai boasts the longest fringing reef in the", "\"History of Christianity in Sussex\"\nPuritan children \"\"godly\"\" names, especially in East Sussex, signifying a Puritan counter-culture. Eighteen parishes in the east of Sussex record Puritan names, the highest concentration of which was in Warbleton, where around half the children were given Puritan names between 1587 and 1590. Such Puritan names included \"\"Be-courteous Cole\"\" (in Pevensey), \"\"Safely-on-High Snat\"\" (in Uckfield) and \"\"Fight-the-Good-Fight-of-Faith White\"\" (in Ewhurst. One child with a Puritan name, Accepted Frewen, later became Archbishop of York. Many Sussex Puritans emigrated across the Atlantic Ocean to New England, accounting for about 1% of New England's immigrants. Puritan migrants from other English regions, such as", "\"Blackdown, West Sussex\"\nUpper Black Down House as the aircraft disintegrated. The victims were the all-Spanish crew and the passengers, comprising 25 Britons (mostly returning from holiday in Spain), two Americans, two Spaniards and two Australians. The British actress June Thorburn was amongst the passengers. Blackdown, West Sussex Blackdown, or Black Down, is the highest hill in the historic county of Sussex, at 280 metres (919 feet). In southeastern England it is exceeded only by Walbury Hill and Leith Hill. It is also the highest point in the South Downs National Park. The pine- and heather-covered slopes are owned by the National Trust", "\"Sport in Sussex\"\nPlaying in the English Basketball League, Worthing Thunder is Sussex's highest placed basketball club. The club played in the top-tier British Basketball League between 2008 and 2011. Previously the Brighton Bears (in 1993) and Worthing Bears (in 2004) had won the top-tier British Basketball League. In Sussex basketball is administered by Basketball Sussex. East Grinstead Hockey Club play in the England Hockey League Premier Division, which they have won twice, in 2008/09 and 2009/10. Netball is played by girls and women. In Sussex the sport is administered through the Sussex County Netball Association (often referred to as Sussex Netball). Cowdray", "\"County Cricket Ground, Hove\"\n2003, The County Ground was the venue where Sussex won their first County Championship title. In that match, Sussex batsman Murray Goodwin also scored 335*, which was then highest score by a Sussex player in first-class cricket. The ground also saw Sussex win their third Championship title in 2007. During the 1890s, the County Ground was also used as a football ground for teams from the Brighton Area, including Brighton United of the Southern League (until they went bust in 1900), and Brighton Athletic of the East Sussex League. The ground was also the venue for the Sussex lawn tennis", "Sussex\nand Hove had the highest GVA per head in Sussex with an average of £20,611 (101 per cent of the UK average). The local authority area of East Sussex has the lowest with a GVA per head of £13,521, 66 per cent of the UK average. There is also serious deprivation in Sussex comparable to the most deprived UK inner city areas. Some areas of Sussex are in the top 5 per cent most deprived in the UK and, in some areas, two-thirds of children are living in poverty. In 2011, two Local Enterprise Partnerships were formed to improve the", "\"Delaware Route 18\"\nDelaware Route 18 Delaware Route 18 (DE 18) is a state highway located in Sussex County, Delaware. It runs from Maryland Route 318 (MD 318) at the Maryland border east of Federalsburg, Maryland to U.S. Route 9 (US 9) in Georgetown. DE 18 runs concurrent with DE 404 from its intersection with that highway southeast of Bridgeville to the eastern terminus, where DE 404 continues eastward to Five Points on US 9. The route passes through rural areas of western Sussex County. What would become DE 18 was built as a state highway in stages during the 1920s and 1930s.", "\"Uckfield Town F.C.\"\nUckfield Town F.C. Uckfield Town F.C. was a football club based in Uckfield, East Sussex, England. For the 2013–14 season, they are members of the Sussex County League Division Three. They have four sides that play on a Saturday, and have recently entered a side into the Sussex County Under 18 Football League. The club was formed in 1881. They joined the Sussex County League Division Two in 1955, however the highest they ever finished was fourth and the club was relegated from the league in 1966, joining the Mid-Sussex Football League. During their time in this league, Uckfield were", "\"Plumpton, East Sussex\"\nof the most successful village teams in the area consistently winning both the Mid Sussex League and the Wisdom Cup. The club was the first in the area to wear \"\"Coloured Clothing\"\" in their cup matches. The kit consisted of maroon and yellow trousers with matching shirts. In 2008 the team moved to the East Sussex League winning the league by nearly 100 points. The season was a double success as the 2nd eleven also won their division by nearly 80 points. In 2009, the first eleven completed their second successive league win and promotion by winning division 3 by", "\"Rape of Arundel\"\nRape of Arundel The Rape of Arundel is one of the rapes, the traditional sub-divisions unique to the historic county of Sussex in England. The population of the rape of Arundel was 22,478 in 1801, falling to 24,276 in 1811. The rape of Chichester lies to its west and the rape of Bramber lies to its east. To the north the rape is bounded by the county of Surrey and to the south by the English Channel. The rape of Arundel includes the towns of Arundel and Littlehampton. Its highest point is Glatting Beacon on the South Downs, which is", "\"Rape of Hastings\"\nbeing annexed by the Kingdom of Wessex William the Conqueror granted the rape of Hastings to his cousin, Robert, Count of Eu, shortly after the Norman Conquest. Hastings rape is the easternmost of all the Sussex rapes and it borders the rape of Pevensey to the west. To the north and east of the rape lies the county of Kent, while to the south lies the English Channel. The rape of Hastings includes the towns of Battle, Hastings and Rye. At tall, Brightling Down in the High Weald is the highest point in the rape. The rape is traditionally divided", "\"Rape of Lewes\"\nRape of Lewes The Rape of Lewes is one of the rapes, the traditional sub-divisions unique to the historic county of Sussex in England. The rape of Bramber lies to its west and the rape of Pevensey lies to its east. The north the rape is bounded by the county of Surrey and to the south by the English Channel. The rape of Lewes includes the city of Brighton and Hove in its south-west corner, as well as the towns of Burgess Hill, Haywards Heath, Lewes, Newhaven and Seaford. At tall, its highest point is Ditchling Beacon on the South", "\"Wisborough Green\"\nWisborough Green Wisborough Green is a village and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England, west of Billingshurst on the A272 road. Newbridge, where the A272 crosses the River Arun east of the village, was the highest point of the Arun navigation, and the southern end of the Wey and Arun Canal. Newbridge Wharfe, on the southern side of the bridge, was an important part of the local transport system in the nineteenth century. An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward includes Kirdford and at the 2011 Census has a ward population of 2,477.", "\"Wisborough Green\"\nThere is a Methodist chapel, and a family church that meets in the village hall. The actor and actress, husband and wife James Bolam and Susan Jameson, live in the village. Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour lives on a farm just outside the village. Wisborough Green Wisborough Green is a village and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England, west of Billingshurst on the A272 road. Newbridge, where the A272 crosses the River Arun east of the village, was the highest point of the Arun navigation, and the southern end of the Wey and Arun Canal. Newbridge", "\"A272 road\"\nA272 road The A272 is a road in southeast England. It follows an approximate east-west route from near Heathfield, East Sussex to the city of Winchester, Hampshire. The eastern end of the A272 starts at a junction with the A267, north-west of the village of Cross In Hand, East Sussex. It heads west, crossing the A26 and A22 north of Uckfield, and continues through Newick before going over the border into West Sussex at a point east of Scaynes Hill. It then bypasses the town of Haywards Heath and continues west, crossing the main London-Brighton A23 road at Bolney. The", "\"Grade I listed buildings in West Sussex\"\nGrade I listed buildings in West Sussex The county of West Sussex in South East England has 176 Grade I listed buildings. Such buildings are described by English Heritage, the authority responsible for their designation, as \"\"of exceptional interest [and] sometimes considered to be internationally important\"\". Grade I is the highest of the three grades of listed status in England: about 2.5% (or 9,300) of the country's 374,000 listed buildings have this designation. West Sussex, a non-metropolitan county, is divided for administrative purposes into seven local government districts, as marked on the map: In England, a building or structure is", "\"Mount Caburn\"\nAt Southerham (East Sussex)\"\"). Caburn also appears in the children's story \"\"Elsie Piddock Skips in Her Sleep\"\" (first published in 1937) by Eleanor Farjeon. It is mentioned in Kipling's poem \"\"The Run of the Downs.\"\" It has only been called Mount Caburn since the end of the 18th century. The origins of the name are disputed. Mount Caburn Mount Caburn is a 480-foot (146m) prominent landmark in East Sussex, England, about one mile (1.6 km) east of Lewes overlooking the village of Glynde. It is the highest part of an outlier of the South Downs, separated from the main range", "\"Rother Valley Railway\"\nRother Valley Railway The Rother Valley Railway (RVR) is a heritage railway project based at Robertsbridge in East Sussex, England. It takes its name from the original name for what later became the Kent and East Sussex Railway, running from Robertsbridge through to Headcorn in Kent, via Tenterden. The project is to replace the ‘missing link’ between Robertsbridge, a station on the Tonbridge to Hastings mainline, and Bodiam on the Kent and East Sussex Railway, a heritage railway which operates from Bodiam to Tenterden. A charity supported by a society of volunteers are attempting to re-establish the railway link. The", "\"David Arscott\"\n(Pomegranate Press) 1992 \"\"Living Sussex\"\" (Pomegranate Press) 1994 \"\"Curiosities of East Sussex\"\" (SB Publications) 1991 \"\"Hastings and the 1066 Country\"\" (SB Publications) 1993 \"\"Curiosities of West Sussex\"\" (SB Publications) 1993 \"\"A Sussex Quiz Book\"\" (SB Publications) 1993 \"\"Tales from the Parish Pump\"\" (SB Publications) 1994 \"\"Sussex, the County in Colour\"\" (Dovecote Press) 1995 \"\"A Second Sussex Quiz Book\"\" (SB Publications) 1995 \"\"Dead and Buried in Sussex\"\" (SB Publications) 1997 \"\"Sussex Privies\"\" (Countryside Books) 1998 \"\"What the Vicar Saw\"\" (Pomegranate Press) 1999 \"\"The Sussex Millennium Book\"\" (Pomegranate Press) 1999 \"\"The Sussex Gardens Book\"\" (Pomegranate Press) 2000 \"\"A Century of Brighton &", "\"Southgate, West Sussex\"\nat the highest point in the area, above sea level; and Hogs Hill Farm, named after the herds of pigs farmed there, stood on a ridge east of the Brighton Road. Crawley's two main building firms had their yards and works in the Victorian streets near the railway line. Richard Cook's firm, which built the houses and streets of the 19th-century \"\"New Town\"\" development, was founded in 1861 and was based at the corner of two of the new streets. The works included a brickyard; poor drainage led to soil and dirty water from it polluting the surrounding area. The", "\"Chichester District\"\nlow-lying clays known as the Western Weald. To the south the dip slope of the downs falls gently to a flat coastal plain and the sea. The Western Weald is drained by the River Arun and its tributaries including the rivers Lox, Kird and especially the River Rother and its tributaries the River Lod and the Haslingbourne Stream. On the northern boundary Blackdown is the highest point in Sussex, while further east around Loxwood the land is low and quite flat. The south of the district has many permeable chalk and gravel areas and is drained by two winterbournes, the", "Weald\nWeald The Weald is an area of South East England between the parallel chalk escarpments of the North and the South Downs. It crosses the counties of Sussex, Hampshire, Kent and Surrey and has three separate parts: the sandstone \"\"High Weald\"\" in the centre; the clay \"\"Low Weald\"\" periphery; and the Greensand Ridge, which stretches around the north and west of the Weald and includes its highest points. The Weald once was covered with forest, and its name, Old English in origin, signifies \"\"woodland\"\". The term is still used today, as scattered farms and villages sometimes refer to the Weald", "\"West Sussex\"\nWest Sussex, with the largest towns being Crawley, Worthing and Horsham. West Sussex has a range of scenery, including wealden, downland and coastal. The highest point of the county is Blackdown, at 280 metres (919 ft). It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities. Although the name Sussex, derived from the Old English 'Sūþsēaxe' ('South Saxons'), dates from the Saxon period between AD 477 to 1066, the history of human habitation", "\"High Point (New Jersey)\"\nHigh Point (New Jersey) High Point, at High Point State Park in Montague, Sussex County, New Jersey, United States, in the Skylands Region, is the highest elevation in the state at 1,803 feet (550 m). It is southeast of Port Jervis, New York. High Point is the highest peak of the Kittatinny Mountains. Three states – New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania – can be seen from the top. At the peak is the High Point Monument, a 220-foot (67 m) obelisk, built in 1930 as a war memorial. The mountain is in the 14,193 acre (57 km²) High Point", "\"Newmarket Hill, Sussex\"\nNewmarket Hill, Sussex Newmarket Hill is situated in the parish of Kingston near Lewes. It is located midway between, and within walking distance of, two of the most important population centres in East Sussex, Brighton and Lewes. Whilst the top of Newmarket Hill is in the parish of Kingston near Lewes, its northern slopes are in the parish of Falmer, and its southern slopes are in the parish of Rottingdean. It is 200m (656 feet) high, and is the highest hill in the area, with a prominence of 105m. It has therefore been classified as a Hump. Like much of", "\"Dixter Halt railway station\"\nDixter Halt railway station Dixter Halt was a short-lived halt station on the Kent and East Sussex Railway on an unmade road leading to Great Dixter house near Northiam in East Sussex. Opened in May 1981 it was used for occasional special services to and from Bodiam until the line from Northiam was finally reopened for regular passenger services to Bodiam in 2000. Dixter Halt was opened before the reopening of the section of the Kent and East Sussex Railway (KESR) between Northiam and Bodiam. It was located at the point where the grounds of Great Dixter house adjoin the", "\"Dixter Halt railway station\"\nlocal farmer. Dixter Halt railway station Dixter Halt was a short-lived halt station on the Kent and East Sussex Railway on an unmade road leading to Great Dixter house near Northiam in East Sussex. Opened in May 1981 it was used for occasional special services to and from Bodiam until the line from Northiam was finally reopened for regular passenger services to Bodiam in 2000. Dixter Halt was opened before the reopening of the section of the Kent and East Sussex Railway (KESR) between Northiam and Bodiam. It was located at the point where the grounds of Great Dixter house", "\"History of Sussex\"\nReform Act 1832. One of the main grievances of the Swing protesters had been what they saw as inadequate Poor Law benefits, Sussex had the highest poor-relief costs during the agricultural depression of 1815 to the 1830s and its workhouses were full. The general unrest, particularly about the state of the workhouses, was instrumental in the introduction of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834. During the French revolutionary and Napoleonic wars (1793–1815), a European coalition was formed, that included Britain, with the intention of crushing the newly founded French Republic, so defensive measures were taken in Sussex. In 1793 at", "\"Break Point\"\nBreak Point Break Point is a novel written by Rosie Rushton. It was published by Piccadilly Press Ltd. in 2002. Emily Driver is the best young tennis player in East Sussex. After she wins Under 18s East Sussex Tennis Championship, a lot of journalists want to make an interview with her. One of them is Hugo Fraser - a trainee from \"\"Evening Argus\"\" magazine. When he interviews her, Emily's mother, Ruth, comes to changing room and tells her that Felix Fordyce - the best tennis coach in Great Britain wants to see her. Emily gets a scholarship of Felix's Tennis", "\"Horsted Keynes\"\nHorsted Keynes Horsted Keynes is a village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. The village is about north east of Haywards Heath, in the Weald. The civil parish is largely rural, covering , and has a population of 1,586 (2011 census) (increased from 1,507 in 2001). The Prime Meridian passes about 1 mile to the east of the village of Horsted Keynes. Guillaume de Cahaignes, a French knight who participated in the Norman conquest of England, and lord of what is now Cahagnes, was given Milton in Buckinghamshire and the Sussex village of Horstede", "\"Sussex Post Office and Store\"\nSussex Post Office and Store The Sussex Post Office and Store, also known as Sussex Community Hall, is located on the north bank of the Powder River in southeast Johnson County about twenty miles east of Kaycee, Wyoming. The store was built in 1914, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The Bozeman Trail crossed the Powder River at several points in the area around Sussex, Wyoming. Because of the river crossing, Fort Reno and Cantonment Reno were established in the 1800s near Sussex. Fort Reno, located eight miles downstream (northeast) from Sussex on the", "\"Fairlight, East Sussex\"\ngives access to the beach. This is a favoured spot for fossil-hunters; the \"\"Hastings Beds\"\" are part of the Early Cretaceous Wealden Group, aged 140–136 million years. The park also gives access to the beach at Fairlight Glen. The highest point in Hastings, now named North's Seat, is at the top of Fairlight Down in Hastings Country Park. It is named after Frederick North (MP) who represented the town. There used to be a windmill at this location, near which General William Roy erected a 32-foot temporary tower for vital cross-channel observations as part of the Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790), which", "\"High Point (New Jersey)\"\nJuly 1, 2008 under Gov. Jon Corzine's budget plan for 2009. Veterans groups, who have held an annual memorial at the site, expressed their opposition to the proposal, which was ultimately removed from the final budget. Notes High Point (New Jersey) High Point, at High Point State Park in Montague, Sussex County, New Jersey, United States, in the Skylands Region, is the highest elevation in the state at 1,803 feet (550 m). It is southeast of Port Jervis, New York. High Point is the highest peak of the Kittatinny Mountains. Three states – New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania –", "\"East Grinstead Hockey Club\"\nentered the League in Division 2 and won promotion to Division 1 by finishing second. The U21 boys were Sussex Champions for the 4th year running; the Men's 2s and the Vets both won the Sussex Cup. Five of the 1st team squad and the team manager were selected to take part in the inaugural GB Super Leagues at the end of the season. EGHC won the BBC South East Club of the Year Award. In 2008 EG successfully defended their National Indoor League title, were finalists in the English National Cup in 2006 and 2007 and obtained their highest", "\"Bishop Luffa School\"\nfor co-educational State schools in West Sussex, Bishop Luffa pupils achieved the 3rd highest average individual point scores (11th overall), with the majority of successful A2 students going on to established universities, including between 5–10 annually to Oxford & Cambridge. The school's admission policy is non-academically selective. In 2017, amongst co-educational State Secondaries, the school was rated the highest in West Sussex (4th overall) against the new 'Attainment 8' Key GCSE subject scores per pupil, including English, Maths, Sciences and Humanities. The latest (Oct 2008) Ofsted report rated the school as uniformly \"\"outstanding\"\" across all metrics. The school was praised", "\"Religion in Sussex\"\na Quaker church. Sussex has several Baptist churches. In the mid-19th century most of England and Scotland's 24 Baptist churches were in Sussex and Kent. Sussex remains a stronghold of the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion, a group of churches where Sussex has 7 of the 21 congregations in England, all located in the east and centre of the county. Its first church was set up in 1761 in North Street, Brighton in what was originally Selina, Countess of Huntingdon's garden. There is also a Hutterian community near Robertsbridge. Following the Second Sudanese Civil War, many refugees came to Brighton and", "\"Mount Caburn\"\nMount Caburn Mount Caburn is a 480-foot (146m) prominent landmark in East Sussex, England, about one mile (1.6 km) east of Lewes overlooking the village of Glynde. It is the highest part of an outlier of the South Downs, separated from the main range by Glynde Reach, a tributary of the River Ouse. On the summit of Caburn are the remains of an Iron Age hill fort. The hill fort has been repeatedly excavated, by Augustus Pitt Rivers (1877–78), the Curwens (1925—26), the Curwens again (1937–38), and the Sussex Archaeological Society (1996–98). It may have the most excavations per site", "\"Wealden District\"\nthe three East Sussex non-borough (low density) districts: the others being Lewes to the west, and Rother to the east. The district has the highest proportion of home ownership of the 37 local authorities in Surrey, Sussex and Kent: combining the social (housing association and local authority provided) and private rented sectors, Brighton and Hove's returns recorded in 2011 that its rented sector comprised 44.4% of its housing, whereas 18.8% of Wealden's residents rented their homes. Neighbouring Rother has a marginally higher proportion of homes owned outright, 3.1% greater and a greater rented sector. The major trunk road is the", "\"Sussex Post Office and Store\"\nCompany in 1995. Sussex Post Office and Store The Sussex Post Office and Store, also known as Sussex Community Hall, is located on the north bank of the Powder River in southeast Johnson County about twenty miles east of Kaycee, Wyoming. The store was built in 1914, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The Bozeman Trail crossed the Powder River at several points in the area around Sussex, Wyoming. Because of the river crossing, Fort Reno and Cantonment Reno were established in the 1800s near Sussex. Fort Reno, located eight miles downstream (northeast) from", "Crowborough\nThe Southern Counties East Premier. Jarvis Brook F.C., founded in 1888, run four senior sides, the highest of which plays in the Mid Sussex Football League Premier Division. Crowborough Rugby Football Club won promotion from the Sussex leagues in 2006 and now plays in the London South 2 division. Crowborough Tennis and Squash Club has nine outdoor all-weather tennis courts and four squash courts, as well as offering racketball and other sporting activities. The club competes in Sussex County leagues in both tennis and squash. The Club is open to the public for Pay and Play tennis, squash and racketball.", "Sussex\nthe first time and smaller English boroughs (known as Rotten Boroughs) were disenfranchised, including Bramber, East Grinstead, Seaford, Steyning and Winchelsea in Sussex. The Reform Act of 1832 divided what had been a single county constituency into eastern and western divisions, with two representatives elected for each division. The reforms of the 19th century made the electoral system more representative, but it was not until 1928 that there was universal suffrage. Headquartered in Lewes, Home Office policing in Sussex has been provided by Sussex Police since 1968. The first-tier Crown Court for all of Sussex is Lewes Crown Court, which", "\"Sport in Sussex\"\nin Sussex. A contest on 18 December 1810 between Tom Cribb, from Bristol, and Tom Molineaux, a slave from the US state of Virginia was held at Copthall Common (now Copthorne Common) near East Grinstead in what was one of the most controversial and brutal fights to have been held. The event was also the first in which the winner was awarded a boxing belt. Boxers from Sussex include Tom Sayers, Alan Minter, Chris Eubank, Scott Welch and Chris Eubank, Jr.. Founded in 1921 the Sussex Cyclists' Association promotes races and competitions for members of cycling clubs in Sussex. The", "\"Jake Leith\"\nWhat positive inspiration is growing out of Sussex's creative revival? 3 In 2016 he collaborated with the Brighton and Sussex Medical School team from January through to October, planning, designing and curating an exhibition to raise the awareness of Scabies as a significant problem in homes for the elderly in the South East of England. The exhibition was part of an ongoing project at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School at the University of Sussex. 4 Throughout 2013 Jake Leith was responsible for leading the Fashion Business International Development Initiative for The British Council in collaboration with The University of", "\"Sussex Railroad\"\nHackettstown. The Sussex Mine Railroad struck a deal with the M&E that would work in their favor if they were to have the connection ready for operation by the time the M&E's extension reached Waterloo. In preparation for this extension and what eventually became a rebuilding of the entire existing line, the New Jersey Legislature approved another supplement to the charter on January 26, 1853, that allowed the company to change its name to the Sussex Railroad, reflecting its new purpose beyond just serving the mines and authorized the company to extend the track to any point in Sussex County", "\"A2100 road\"\nat a level crossing. It later forms the main street of Battle, and then turns south-east towards Hastings, eventually meeting the A21 and the A28 at Baldslow. A2100 road The A2100 is a non-primary A road in East Sussex, England. It runs from near Mountfield, East Sussex to Baldslow in the north of Hastings. It was part of the original A21 road from London to Hastings, and passes through Battle, the site of the Battle of Hastings. Going south, the route starts at the Johns Cross roundabout near Mountfield. From this point the current route of the A21 continues south-east", "\"Grade I listed buildings in West Sussex\"\nof more than special interest\"\"; and Grade II, the lowest, is used for buildings of \"\"special interest\"\". As of July 2009, about 374,000 buildings in England were listed. Around 92% of these had the lowest designation, Grade II; 5.5% were listed at Grade II*; and about 2.5% had the highest grade. Listed status gives buildings a degree of protection from unapproved alteration, demolition or other changes. Local authorities must consult English Heritage when an application for alteration of a Grade I-listed building is made. Grade I listed buildings in West Sussex The county of West Sussex in South East England", "\"Sussex-Wantage Regional School District\"\nallow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. For ninth through twelfth grades, public school students from both Sussex and Wantage attend High Point Regional High School, together with students from Branchville, Frankford Township, Lafayette Township and Montague Township. As of the 2015-16 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 981 students and 91.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1. With the opening of High Point Regional High School in September 1966,", "\"Western Pennsylvania\"\nStates was drilled. The highest point in Pennsylvania, Mount Davis, reaches , and is located near the southern border of the state in Somerset County, approximately east of the southwestern corner, where the Appalachian Mountains enter Pennsylvania from the south. To the west and north of this point lies the Allegheny Plateau, a dissected plateau so eroded that it appears to be an interminable series of high hills and steep valleys. The peaks in the area are among the lowest in the East Coast highlands, but what they lack in height they make up in wide extent of land covered,", "\"A27 road\"\nnot fully reopen until 16 September 2015. The road starts at its junction with the A36 at Whiteparish. It runs through Romsey, Chilworth, at which point it follows a Roman Road, Swaythling, West End and Bursledon. It then closely parallels the south coast and travels on via Fareham, Cosham, Havant, Chichester, Arundel, Worthing, Lancing, Shoreham-by-Sea, Hove, Brighton, Falmer, Lewes and Polegate where it then terminates at Pevensey in East Sussex. A section of the A27 running from the eastern end of the M27 to the end of the road at Pevensey forms part of, what was known as, the \"\"South", "\"Western Weald\"\nWestern Weald The western Weald is an area of undulating countryside in Hampshire and West Sussex containing a mixture of woodland and heathland areas. It lies to the south of the towns of Bordon, Haslemere and Rake and to the west of the town of Pulborough. It includes the towns of Liss and Petersfield on its western boundary and the towns of Midhurst and Petworth to the south. Natural features include Blackdown, the highest point in Sussex, and Woolmer Forest in Hampshire. The chalk escarpment of the South Downs forms a prominent boundary to the south and west. The western", "\"A264 road\"\nA264 road The A264 is an east-west road in southern England that runs from Pembury in west Kent to Five Oaks in West Sussex. There have been a number of notable changes in this important east-west route which follows the north Sussex border with Kent and Surrey. Originally the route started in Tunbridge Wells, the Pembury to Tunbridge Wells section being originally the A263. West of Tunbridge Wells, instead of following its northerly route to East Grinstead via Holtye and Hammerwood which was the B2110 prior to about 1970, it followed what is now the B2110 through Groombridge and Hartfield", "\"Sussex Asahi Division 4 East\"\nSussex Asahi Division 4 East Sussex Asahi Division 4 East (formerly Sussex Asahi 2 East) is an English level 12 Rugby Union League. It is run by the Sussex Rugby Football Union and contains teams predominantly from east Sussex and is the counterpart to Sussex Late Red Division 4 West which is for teams in the west of the county. Teams play home and away matches from September to April. Promoted teams move up to Sussex Oranjeboom Division 3 while there is no relegation. Sussex Aashi 2 East was introduced in 2010-11 and is the equivalent to former division Sussex", "\"East Sussex Constabulary\"\nEast Sussex Constabulary East Sussex Constabulary was the territorial police force responsible for policing East Sussex in southern England from 1840 to 1968. Its headquarters were located at Malling House, Lewes, East Sussex. East Sussex Constabulary were formed in 1840 and covered the area of East Sussex except for the boroughs of Brighton, Hove, Eastbourne and Hastings, which were served by their own borough police forces. During the Second World War these forces, together with West Sussex Constabulary, were temporarily amalgamated in 1943 to form the Sussex Police Force. After the war, the forces reverted in 1947 to their previous", "\"East Sussex Constabulary\"\nformation, except that Hove remained part of East Sussex Constabulary, whose headquarters were relocated to Malling House, Lewes in 1948. In addition there were divisional headquarters at East Grinstead, Lewes, Bexhill and Hove. During the post-war years a number of specialist units were created, including Criminal Investigation (CID), Drugs, Special Branch, Policewomen, Firearms, etc. On 1 January 1968 the East Sussex forces were re-amalgamated with those of West Sussex to form the Sussex Constabulary, renamed the Sussex Police in 1974. Chief Constables were: East Sussex Constabulary East Sussex Constabulary was the territorial police force responsible for policing East Sussex in", "\"A2100 road\"\nA2100 road The A2100 is a non-primary A road in East Sussex, England. It runs from near Mountfield, East Sussex to Baldslow in the north of Hastings. It was part of the original A21 road from London to Hastings, and passes through Battle, the site of the Battle of Hastings. Going south, the route starts at the Johns Cross roundabout near Mountfield. From this point the current route of the A21 continues south-east through Vinehall Street, Whatlington and Kent Street, while the A2100 goes more or less due south. It initially travels through woods, and crosses the Hastings railway line", "\"RAF Deanland\"\nRAF Deanland RAF Deanland is a former Royal Air Force advanced landing ground located west of Hailsham, East Sussex and north east of Brighton, East Sussex, England The airfield was heavily involved in the fight against the V-1 flying bomb's (with 185 destroyed) and during D-Day where it is believed to be home of the first Supermarine Spitfire squadron to provide air cover. The landing ground was used by multiple units: Along with the following ground units at some point: The Airfield was dormant for a time, post-war, but the land came into the ownership of Richard Chandless, a farmer,", "\"South East England\"\npercentage (23%) into Oxbridge in 2010, behind 10 independents, and is also the oldest existing state grammar school in England; above it in the region, of the independent schools are Magdalen College School, Oxford (32%), Guildford High School (26%) and Wycombe Abbey (25%). The Kendrick School, also in Reading, gets the 4th highest state school acceptance percentage to Oxbridge (18%) and the second highest in England outside of two grammar schools in London. Of the 25 state schools in the top 100 schools getting to Oxbridge, 7 are from the region. Many people from the north of East Sussex go", "\"Dundas Street\"\ntraverses the west end of the city, avoiding obstacles that were expensive to negotiate in the 18th century, such as Grenadier Pond in what is now High Park and the highest point of the Humber Valley (Bloor Street to the south requires a high bridge to cross the river at that point). West of a second intersection with Bloor Street at Kipling Avenue at the Six Points interchange in Islington, Dundas becomes a six-lane arterial (the straighter Bloor is the predominant street east of that point, which was reflected in the previous routing of the former Highway 5, which followed", "\"His Last Vow\"\na Sussex cottage and, in the episode, Janine mentions that she is planning to buy a Sussex cottage from which she will remove some beehives. In the closing dialogue of the episode, a story Mycroft told Sherlock about \"\"the East wind\"\" during their childhood, is similar to a speech from the original story. Mary reveals her true identity in what Sherlock calls \"\"the empty house\"\", an alleyway hidden behind what are apparently the fronts of two houses in Leinster Gardens, in the \"\"house\"\", Mary thinks Sherlock has tricked her by positioning a dummy of himself at the end of the", "\"Sussex Asahi Division 4 East\"\n3 which had its last season in 2003-04. Due to a reorganization of the Sussex leagues, the division changed to its current name of Sussex Ashahi Division 4 East in time for the 2016-17 season. Sussex Asahi Division 4 East Sussex Asahi Division 4 East (formerly Sussex Asahi 2 East) is an English level 12 Rugby Union League. It is run by the Sussex Rugby Football Union and contains teams predominantly from east Sussex and is the counterpart to Sussex Late Red Division 4 West which is for teams in the west of the county. Teams play home and away", "\"Geology of East Sussex\"\nEast Sussex being a low external fold belt to the main orogeny, which was located within the present day English Channel, the remnants of the mountain belt can be seen today in Devon and Cornwall in what is known as the Cornubian Massif. Although unlike in Devon and Cornwall, there was little or no metamorphism. The mountain belt collapsed soon after the orogeny with the former northward thrusts being reactivated as normal faults and leading to the formation of the Weald Basin which developed as an extension of the considerably larger Wessex Basin. The northern margin of the basin was", "\"Fonthill Kame\"\nhighest natural geographic feature in Niagara and the highest point would remain on the kame. There is some debate about the actual highest point though because locals seem to remember a plaque in a farmers field, south of Tice Road and East on Effingham Road, on un-excavated land that marked the highest point. The kame is east to west and north to south. It slopes gradually on the west side, more steeply on the south and east and merges with the Short Hills Provincial Park area of the Niagara Escarpment on the north. The Fonthill Kame has considerable influence on", "\"Watt of Sussex\"\na witness (as \"\"Uuattus rex\"\") of another charter, erroneously dated 775, which is believed to be a late copy or forgery. The historian C.T. Chevalier has suggested that Watt may have ruled the Haestingas tribe, who settled around the Hastings area of East Sussex. This is because place-names with the name \"\"Watt\"\" or \"\"What\"\" occur only in the Hastings area of Sussex. The theory has been seen as a plausible by other historians. Chevalier goes on to suggest that the Haestingas may have been of Frankish origin, but other historians reject this part of the theory as it is based", "\"Ælle of Sussex\"\nof what is now Sussex. He may have been a prominent war chief with a leadership role in a federation of Anglo-Saxon groups fighting for territory in Britain at that time. This may be the origin of the reputation that led Bede to list him as holding overlordship over southern Britain. The battles listed in the \"\"Chronicle\"\" are compatible with a conquest of Sussex from west to east, against British resistance stiff enough to last fourteen years. His area of military control may have extended as far as Hampshire and north to the upper Thames valley, but it certainly did", "\"East Sussex County Council\"\nEast Sussex County Council East Sussex County Council is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex. East Sussex is divided into five local government districts. Three are larger, rural, districts (from west to east: Lewes; Wealden; and Rother). The other two, Eastbourne and Hastings, are mainly urban areas. The rural districts are subdivided into civil parishes. The County Council meets at East Sussex County Hall, the authority's headquarters; there are a number of other administrative buildings located throughout the county. East Sussex County Council plans to cut services to a bare legal minimum, to avoid bankruptcy (they", "\"Geography of Sussex\"\nrapes and three western rapes were informally grouped together as Sussex's eastern and western divisions. County councils were created for East and West Sussex in 1889. In 1974 the present-day district of Mid Sussex, (a large part of the rape of Lewes) was transferred from East Sussex to West Sussex and East and West Sussex were made into separate ceremonial counties. In 1997, Brighton and Hove became a self-administered unitary authority; it was granted city status in 2000, whilst remaining part of the ceremonial county of East Sussex. (See pp. 165–166.) Geography of Sussex Sussex is a historic county and" ]

[ true, false, false, true, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "September 25 , 2017" ]

[ "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 2)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 2) The second season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was originally aired on CBS from September 22, 2008, to May 11, 2009, over 23 episodes. The Complete Season DVD was released September 15, 2009, and a Blu-ray version was reissued on July 10, 2012, with remastered surround sound audio, whereas the DVD version only had stereo. Season two starts immediately after the end of season one with Leonard and Penny's date. Jim Parsons submitted the episode \"\"The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis\"\" for consideration due to his nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 11)\"\n\"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" ended, the series returned to a Thursday schedule starting on November 2, 2017. Filming for the eleventh season began on August 15, 2017; it was also announced with the taping report that the premiere for the eleventh season would be titled \"\"The Proposal Proposal\"\". Before the season premiered, five episodes were filmed from August 15 to September 19, 2017. According to \"\"TV Guide\"\", Steve Holland announced on September 22, 2017 that both Bob Newhart and Wil Wheaton would return this season after their absences during Season 10. <onlyinclude> General references The Big Bang Theory (season 11) The", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 3)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 3) The third season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was originally aired on CBS from September 21, 2009 to May 24, 2010 with 23 episodes. It received higher ratings than the previous two seasons with over 15 million viewers. Season three started three months after the end of season two when the guys left for the North Pole. The third season saw the first appearances of future main cast members Melissa Rauch as Bernadette Rostenkowski in \"\"The Creepy Candy Coating Corollary\"\" and Mayim Bialik as Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler in the season", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 10)\"\nepisode. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> General references The Big Bang Theory (season 10) The tenth season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" premiered on CBS Monday, September 19, 2016 and concluded on Thursday, May 11, 2017. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on October 27, 2016, after \"\"Thursday Night Football on CBS\"\". On March 12, 2014, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Like the previous two seasons, the first five episodes of the tenth season aired on a different night due", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 10)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 10) The tenth season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" premiered on CBS Monday, September 19, 2016 and concluded on Thursday, May 11, 2017. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on October 27, 2016, after \"\"Thursday Night Football on CBS\"\". On March 12, 2014, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Like the previous two seasons, the first five episodes of the tenth season aired on a different night due to to \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\"", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 3)\"\nJim Parsons\"\". The American Film Institute ranked season three one of the ten best television seasons of 2009. The Big Bang Theory (season 3) The third season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was originally aired on CBS from September 21, 2009 to May 24, 2010 with 23 episodes. It received higher ratings than the previous two seasons with over 15 million viewers. Season three started three months after the end of season two when the guys left for the North Pole. The third season saw the first appearances of future main cast members Melissa Rauch as Bernadette", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nAll Time. \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" started off slowly in the ratings, failing to make the top 50 in its first season (ranking 68th), and ranking 40th in its second season. When the third season premiered on September 21, 2009, however, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" ranked as CBS's highest-rated show of that evening in the adults 18–49 demographic (4.6/10) along with a then-series-high 12.83 million viewers. After the first three seasons aired at different times on Monday nights, CBS moved the show to Thursdays at 8:00 ET for the 2010–2011 schedule, to be in direct competition with NBC's Comedy Block", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 9)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 9) The ninth season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" started airing on CBS on Monday, September 21, 2015. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on November 5, 2015 for the season's seventh episode. It concluded on May 12, 2016. On March 12, 2014, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Laura Spencer was upgraded to the main cast during the season as Dr. Emily Sweeney, after being a recurring cast member for two seasons.", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 11)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 11) The eleventh season of the American television sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" premiered on CBS on Monday, September 25, 2017. It returned to its regular Thursday time slot on November 2, 2017, after \"\"Thursday Night Football on CBS\"\" ended. The season concluded on May 10, 2018. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season. Like the previous three seasons, the first five episodes aired on Mondays due to CBS' contractual rights to air the \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" games. After", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nseason. The second half of season seven aired in mid 2014. The eighth season premiered on E4 on October 23, 2014 at 8:30 p.m. During its eighth season, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" shared its 8:30 p.m. time period with fellow CBS comedy, \"\"2 Broke Girls\"\". Following the airing of the first eight episodes of that show's fourth season, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" returned to finish airing its eighth season on March 19, 2015. Netflix UK & Ireland announced on February 13, 2016 that seasons 1–8 would be available to stream from February 15, 2016. \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" started off", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 4)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 4) The fourth season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", began airing on CBS on September 23, 2010. Season four started four months after the end of season 3. Melissa Rauch and Mayim Bialik were upgraded to the main cast during the fourth season as Dr. Bernadette Rostenkowski and Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler. Johnny Galecki submitted the episode \"\"The Benefactor Factor\"\" for consideration due to his nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards. Jim Parsons won the Primetime Emmy Award", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nhas been out of order throughout the first 11 seasons, forcing characters to have to use the stairs. Stairway conversations between characters occur in almost every episode, often serving as a transition between longer scenes. A season 3 episode reveals that the elevator was broken when Leonard was experimenting with rocket fuel. Like most shows created by Chuck Lorre, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" ends by showing for one second a vanity card written by Lorre after the credits, followed by the Warner Bros. Television closing logo. These cards are archived on Lorre's website. Initial reception for the series was mixed.", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 3)\"\nstill annoy him). Wil Wheaton begins appearing as Sheldon's arch-enemy. Howard begins to date Bernadette Rostenkowski. At the end of the season, Sheldon meets Amy Farrah Fowler. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The third season received favorable reviews. Maureen Ryan of \"\"Chicago Tribune\"\" wrote that \"\"\"\"Big Bang Theory,\"\" which is in its third season, is doing many things very right\"\", Alan Sepinwall of \"\"The Star-Ledger\"\" wrote \"\"the Penny/Sheldon interaction was gold, as always\"\", and Ken Tucker of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\", who wrote that \"\"what lifts \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" into frequent excellence is its one constant from the start: the brilliantly nuanced performance of", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 8)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 8) The eighth season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" first aired on CBS with a one-hour premiere on Monday, September 22, 2014. It returned to its previous Thursday time slot on October 30 for the season's seventh episode. It concluded on May 7, 2015. On March 12, 2014, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Mayim Bialik submitted the episode \"\"The Prom Equivalency\"\" for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 1)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 1) The first season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was originally aired on CBS from September 24, 2007, to May 19, 2008, over 17 episodes. An unaired pilot also exists. The Season 1 DVD came without a gag reel and is, so far, the only \"\"Big Bang Theory\"\" DVD set not to have one. The reissued Blu-ray, was released July 10, 2012, and includes a gag reel that is exclusive to the set. The episodes on Blu-ray are all in remastered surround sound, whereas the DVD version had stereo. Two of the", "\"Big Bang\"\nabout their origin or the cause of the dense and high temperature initial state of the universe. \"\"The Big Bang was \"\"small\"\"\"\": It is misleading to visualize the Big Bang by comparing its size to everyday objects. When the size of the universe at Big Bang is described, it refers to the size of the observable universe, and not the entire universe. \"\"Hubble's law violates the special theory of relativity\"\": Hubble's law predicts that galaxies that are beyond Hubble Distance recede faster than the speed of light. However, special relativity does not apply beyond motion through space. Hubble's law describes", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 5)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 5) The fifth season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was originally aired on CBS from September 22, 2011, to May 10, 2012, over 24 episodes. At the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series, but \"\"Modern Family\"\" on ABC won. The show was also nominated for Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video Control for a Series and Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing For A Comedy Series. Jim Parsons (Sheldon Cooper) was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series for \"\"The Werewolf Transformation\"\", but lost out", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 4)\"\nonly on the women, and in the process has made Penny a much more well-rounded character rather than just a foil for the nerds\"\". Todd VanDerWerff of \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" wrote that \"\"Jim Parsons and Kaley Cuoco's interplay remains the show's secret weapon\"\", and Eric Hochberger of TV Fanatic wrote: \"\"Really though, everything about the main story worked amazing. Mayim fits in perfectly in \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" cast and played off of Kaley Cuoco just as well as Emmy Award-winning Parsons\"\". The Big Bang Theory (season 4) The fourth season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", began", "\"Big Bang Night in Canada\"\nBig Bang Night in Canada Big Bang Night in Canada is the official branding for a programming block that started in autumn 2012 on the Canadian CTV networks between 8 and 10 p.m. ET/PT on Saturday nights. The programming block's name is a portmanteau of The Big Bang Theory, the American sitcom from CBS that will play during the block, and Hockey Night In Canada, a show that airs on CBC Television during that same time block. Due to the NHL strike, CBC is only broadcasting previous games instead of those of the now-cancelled 2012-2013 season. Likewise, \"\"Big Bang Night", "\"Sheldon Cooper\"\nSheldon Cooper Sheldon Lee Cooper, Ph.D., Sc.D., is a fictional character in the CBS television series \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" and its spinoff series \"\"Young Sheldon\"\", portrayed by actors Jim Parsons in \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" and Iain Armitage in \"\"Young Sheldon\"\" (with Parsons as the latter series' narrator). For his portrayal, Parsons has won four Primetime Emmy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, a TCA Award, and two Critics' Choice Television Awards. The character's childhood is the focus of \"\"Young Sheldon\"\": the series' first season is set in 1989 when nine-year-old prodigy Sheldon has skipped ahead five grades, to start", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\ndidn't know it wasn't the case, so when the creators of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" started talking about the show, I was embarrassed. I can't understand why our people first do, and then think. I consider this to be the rock bottom of my career. And I don't want to take part in a stolen show\"\". In November 2016, it was reported that CBS was in negotiations to create a spin-off of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" centered on Sheldon as a young boy. The prequel series, described as \"\"a \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\"-esque single-camera family comedy\"\" would be executive-produced by", "\"Chronology of the universe\"\ninflation field was released at the end of the inflationary epoch, as the inflaton field decayed into other particles, known as \"\"reheating\"\". This heating effect led to the universe being repopulated with a dense, hot mixture of quarks, anti-quarks and gluons. In other models, reheating is often considered to mark the start of the electroweak epoch, and some theories, such as warm inflation, avoid a reheating phase entirely. In non-traditional versions of Big Bang theory (known as \"\"inflationary\"\" models), inflation ended at a temperature corresponding to roughly 10 second after the Big Bang, but this does \"\"not\"\" imply that the", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nquietly in Canada, but managed to garner major success in later seasons. \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" is telecast throughout Canada via the CTV Television Network in simultaneous substitution with cross-border CBS affiliates. Now immensely popular in Canada, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" is also rerun daily on the Canadian cable channel The Comedy Network. The season 4 premiere garnered an estimated 3.1 million viewers across Canada. This is the largest audience for a sitcom since the series finale of \"\"Friends\"\" (12.4 million viewers). \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" has pulled ahead and has now become the most-watched entertainment television show in Canada.", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 12)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 12) The twelfth and final season of the American television sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" premiered on CBS on September 24, 2018. The series returned to its regular Thursday time slot on September 27, 2018. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season. On August 22, 2018, CBS and Warner Bros. Television officially announced that the twelfth season would be the series' last. This stems from Jim Parsons' decision to leave the series at the end of the season if", "\"The World's Last Night and Other Essays\"\nCambridge. In 1958, Hoyle was Plumian professor of astronomy at Cambridge and engaged in the study of the structure and evolution of the stars. Even though he coined the phrase “Big Bang,” Hoyle rejected the ‘big bang’ theory of the origin of the universe in favor of the steady state theory, which claimed that the universe has always looked as it does now. Martin Ryle, however, held to the big bang theory for the creation of the universe in a moment, the theory that eventually held sway. Some of Hoyle’s writings, including science fiction and plays, popularized astronomy. Christopher H.", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 12)\"\nthe show were to be renewed for a thirteenth season. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The Big Bang Theory (season 12) The twelfth and final season of the American television sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" premiered on CBS on September 24, 2018. The series returned to its regular Thursday time slot on September 27, 2018. In March 2017, CBS renewed the series for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season. On August 22, 2018, CBS and Warner Bros. Television officially announced that the twelfth season would be the series' last. This stems from Jim Parsons'", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 7)\"\nSava of \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" criticized some of the humor, particularly stereotypes written for the female characters, although noting that \"\"these actors make it very funny\"\", but praised the series on a whole; \"\"the major strides made with Sheldon, Penny, and Leonard compensate for some of the more distasteful humor, making this a strong start for this show's seventh season\"\". Carla Day of TV Fanatic wrote that \"\"There were definitely some funny moments, but in its entirety it wasn't one of my favorites\"\". Euan Ferguson of \"\"The Guardian\"\" wrote that \"\"\"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" is now pretty well established ...", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 1)\"\nbe idiots, either\"\", Henry Goldblatt of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" criticized the premise and plot of early episodes, writing that \"\"To call this a one-joke sitcom would be a stretch\"\", and Tim Goodman of \"\"San Francisco Chronicle\"\" criticized the stereotypes presented in the characters, and wrote that \"\"the writing here is so moronic and the situations so forced and mundane\"\". The Big Bang Theory (season 1) The first season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was originally aired on CBS from September 24, 2007, to May 19, 2008, over 17 episodes. An unaired pilot also exists. The Season 1 DVD", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 6)\"\nbecome a crutch for the writers to lean on\"\". Jesse Schedeen of \"\"IGN\"\" criticized the storylines, writing that \"\"The entire episode was pretty much predicated on two jokes ... But those two jokes had enough mileage in them to last a full 22 minutes\"\". The Big Bang Theory (season 6) The sixth season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" aired on CBS from September 27, 2012, to May 16, 2013. The series crossed the 20 million viewer mark for the first time with this season's \"\"The Bakersfield Expedition\"\", which along with \"\"NCIS\"\", made CBS the first network to", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 6)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 6) The sixth season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" aired on CBS from September 27, 2012, to May 16, 2013. The series crossed the 20 million viewer mark for the first time with this season's \"\"The Bakersfield Expedition\"\", which along with \"\"NCIS\"\", made CBS the first network to have two scripted series reach that large an audience in the same week since 2007. This success has been attributed to the sitcom's exposure in syndication, its late 2010 move to a new time-slot, and the influence of showrunner Steven Molaro (who took over", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nLorre and Molaro, with Prady expected to be involved in some capacity, and intended to air in the 2017–18 season alongside \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". The initial idea for the series came from Parsons, who passed it along to \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" producers. In early March 2017, Iain Armitage was cast as the younger Sheldon, as well as Zoe Perry as his mother, Mary Cooper. Perry is the real-life daughter of Laurie Metcalf, who portrays Mary Cooper on \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". On March 13, 2017, CBS ordered the spin-off \"\"Young Sheldon\"\" series. Jon Favreau directed and executive produced", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nplaced first in all of syndication ratings, receiving formidable competition from only \"\"Judge Judy\"\" and \"\"Wheel of Fortune\"\" (first-run syndication programs). By the end of the 2012–13 television season, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" had dethroned \"\"Judge Judy\"\" as the ratings leader in all of syndicated programming with 7.1, \"\"Judy\"\" descending to second place for that season with a 7.0. \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" did not place first in syndication ratings for the 2013–14 television season, beaten out by \"\"Judge Judy\"\". The show made its United Kingdom debut on Channel 4 on February 14, 2008. The show was also shown as", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nshow's pilot episode premiered on September 25, 2017. Subsequent weekly episodes began airing on November 2, 2017 following the broadcast of the 237th episode of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory is an American television sitcom created by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, both of whom serve as executive producers on the series, along with Steven Molaro. All three also serve as head writers. The show premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007. The twelfth and final season which will run through 2018–19 premiered on September 24, 2018, consisting of 24 episodes. The show", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 7)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (season 7) The seventh season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" aired on CBS from September 26, 2013, to May 15, 2014. Kaley Cuoco was credited as \"\"Kaley Cuoco-Sweeting\"\" from \"\"The Convention Conundrum\"\" and onwards after her wedding with Ryan Sweeting on December 31, 2013. Mayim Bialik submitted the episode \"\"The Indecision Amalgamation\"\" for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards. Jim Parsons won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 7)\"\nAnd just gets ever better\"\". The Big Bang Theory (season 7) The seventh season of the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" aired on CBS from September 26, 2013, to May 15, 2014. Kaley Cuoco was credited as \"\"Kaley Cuoco-Sweeting\"\" from \"\"The Convention Conundrum\"\" and onwards after her wedding with Ryan Sweeting on December 31, 2013. Mayim Bialik submitted the episode \"\"The Indecision Amalgamation\"\" for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards. Jim Parsons won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor", "\"Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory\"\nastronomy (cosmology), that appear to correspond to those of modern scientific cosmology, e.g. Carl Sagan, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Robert Oppenheimer, George Sudarshan, Fritjof Capra etc. At the November 22, 1951, opening meeting of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Pope Pius XII declared that the Big Bang theory does not conflict with the Catholic concept of creation. Some Conservative Protestant Christian denominations have also welcomed the Big Bang theory as supporting a historical interpretation of the doctrine of creation; however, adherents of Young Earth creationism, who advocate a very literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis, reject the", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 1)\"\nreviews. Tom Shales of \"\"The Washington Post\"\" gave the show a positive review, saying \"\"\"\"Big Bang\"\" is the funniest new sitcom of the season\"\". Robert Bianco of \"\"USA Today\"\" also gave the show a positive review, saying \"\"This may not be the sitcom breakthrough for which we've all been hoping, but Lorre has produced a first episode that leaves you eager to try the second\"\". David Bianculli of \"\"New York Daily News\"\" criticized the dialogue, particularly when the male characters explain jokes, writing that \"\"People tuning in to \"\"Big Bang\"\" may not all be Mensa members, but they won't all", "\"Inflation (cosmology)\"\nlong-standing problems. These problems arise from the observation that to look like it does \"\"today\"\", the Universe would have to have started from very finely tuned, or \"\"special\"\" initial conditions at the Big Bang. Inflation attempts to resolve these problems by providing a dynamical mechanism that drives the Universe to this special state, thus making a universe like ours much more likely in the context of the Big Bang theory. The horizon problem is the problem of determining why the Universe appears statistically homogeneous and isotropic in accordance with the cosmological principle. For example, molecules in a canister of gas", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 5)\"\n1, on September 2, 2012, in Region 2 and October 3, 2012, in Region 4. The episodes can also be purchased on Amazon Video or the iTunes store in the US. In Canada, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" aired on CTV Television Network. The season premiere (\"\"The Skank Reflex Analysis\"\") garnered 3.72 million viewers and the finale was watched by 4.04 million households. Most episodes were the most watched programme in Canada that week. The highest rating in season 5 was 4.05 million, for \"\"The Infestation Hypothesis\"\", and the lowest rating was 3.17 million, for \"\"The Stag Convergence\"\". The Big Bang", "\"Kevin Sussman\"\nKevin Sussman Kevin Sussman (born December 4, 1970) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for playing Walter on the ABC comedy-drama \"\"Ugly Betty\"\" and Stuart Bloom on the CBS sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". Starting with the sixth season of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", he was promoted to a series regular. Kevin Sussman is one of four brothers, born to Jewish parents. He grew up in Staten Island. He attended the College of Staten Island for one year and went on to graduate from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Manhattan. He later studied with acting", "\"Cosmological argument\"\nabout the Big Bang or whether the universe had a beginning. The question is not about what got things started or how long they have been going, but rather what keeps them going. Alternatively, the above objections can be dispelled by separating the Cosmological Argument from the A-Theory of Time and subsequently discussing God as a \"\"timeless\"\" (rather than \"\"before\"\" in a linear sense) cause of the Big Bang. There is also a Big Bang Argument, which is a variation of the Cosmological Argument using the Big Bang Theory to validate the premise that the Universe had a beginning. Cosmological", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 1)\"\nscripts and provides dialogue, math equations and diagrams used as props. Clips from the season finale, \"\"The Tangerine Factor\"\", gained popularity on the Chinese video-sharing website Tudou because of Sheldon's inaccurate Mandarin. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" initially received mixed reviews, receiving 52% \"\"rotten\"\" score on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on 23 reviews, with the critics consensus reading \"\"\"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" brings a new class of character to mainstream television, but much of the comedy feels formulaic and stiff.\"\" It also received a 57-point score on review aggregator Metacritic, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\", based on 23", "\"Penny (The Big Bang Theory)\"\nwith less education than Howard Wolowitz, who has a master's degree. She initially feels insulted when Leonard shows her a list of community colleges to go to at the beginning of season 2, but in season 6, she does go back to college, taking a history class. By the middle of the season, she is also taking an acting class, and at the beginning of season 7, she is taking a psychology class as well. Despite her weak education, she is insightful. While Sheldon routinely disparages both Penny's and Howard's educations, he occasionally acknowledges her intelligence and potential, though he", "\"Pilot (The Big Bang Theory)\"\ncalling it \"\"a great start for the series\"\", and stating that the writing was \"\"some of the best we've seen in a standard sitcom in some time\"\". Matthew Gilbert of \"\"The Boston Globe\"\", however, gave a negative review, saying that the show is \"\"one of those laugh-track sitcoms that has exactly one comedy routine and just keeps hammering it home\"\". Pilot (The Big Bang Theory) The pilot episode and series premiere of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" originally aired on CBS in the United States on September 24, 2007. It was written by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, and directed by", "\"Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory\"\nReligious interpretations of the Big Bang theory Since the emergence of the Big Bang theory as the dominant physical cosmological paradigm, there have been a variety of reactions by religious groups regarding its implications for religious cosmologies. Some accept the scientific evidence at face value, some seek to harmonize the Big Bang with their religious tenets, and some reject or ignore the evidence for the Big Bang theory. The Big Bang itself is a scientific theory and as such stands or falls by its agreement with observations. However, as a theory which addresses the nature of the universe since its", "\"Penny (The Big Bang Theory)\"\nthe automobile Leonard previously gave her (\"\"The Friendship Turbulence\"\") and gives him back the money for it—changing their dynamic and leading to discussions on whether her future financial windfalls may prove difficult for him, given his insecurities. This situation was later exacerbated when it was revealed that Penny now actually earns significantly more than Leonard. In the season nine episode \"\"The Big Bear Precipitation\"\", Penny reveals she hates her job as a representative but sticks with it because she still has large debts and also does not want to go back to waitressing or acting. In \"\"The Maternal Capacitance\"\", Penny", "\"History of the Big Bang theory\"\nunderstanding what happened in the earliest times after the Big Bang, and reconciling observations with the basic theory. Cosmologists continue to calculate many of the parameters of the Big Bang to a new level of precision, and carry out more detailed observations which are hoped to provide clues to the nature of dark energy and dark matter, and to test the theory of General Relativity on cosmic scales. History of the Big Bang theory The history of the Big Bang theory began with the Big Bang's development from observations and theoretical considerations. Much of the theoretical work in cosmology now", "\"The Big Bang Theory (Family Guy)\"\nThe Big Bang Theory (Family Guy) \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" is the 16th episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series \"\"Family Guy\"\". It aired on Fox in the United States on May 8, 2011. This episode follows Stewie and Brian on their quest to stop Stewie's evil half-brother Bertram from going back in time to the Renaissance period and killing Leonardo da Vinci, who is a part of Stewie's ancestry, in order to prevent Stewie's existence. The episode was written by David A. Goodman and directed by Dominic Polcino. After failing to make a good comeback joke", "\"The Big Bang Theory (Family Guy)\"\na pleasant weirdness to it that makes me think that this is the way Family Guy should be. It's not excellent, but it's more than good enough\"\". The Big Bang Theory (Family Guy) \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" is the 16th episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series \"\"Family Guy\"\". It aired on Fox in the United States on May 8, 2011. This episode follows Stewie and Brian on their quest to stop Stewie's evil half-brother Bertram from going back in time to the Renaissance period and killing Leonardo da Vinci, who is a part of Stewie's ancestry,", "\"Penny (The Big Bang Theory)\"\nwhen she has problems with her computer, Penny does have some mechanical skills of her own. When she was a child, she rebuilt a tractor engine on the farm where she grew up and competed in a junior rodeo. During season eight, Penny gives up her acting career and gets a job as a salesperson at Bernadette's pharmaceutical company. The next season has Penny admitting that she hates her job flirting with her customers for sales. Unlike the rest of the main characters, Penny is very outgoing and assertive, and has many romantic relationships over the course of the series.", "\"Time in physics\"\nissues: what happened between the singularity of the Big Bang and the Planck time, which, after all, is the smallest observable time. When might have time separated out from the spacetime foam; there are only hints based on broken symmetries (see Spontaneous symmetry breaking, Timeline of the Big Bang, and the articles in ). General relativity gave us our modern notion of the expanding universe that started in the Big Bang. Using relativity and quantum theory we have been able to roughly reconstruct the history of the universe. In our epoch, during which electromagnetic waves can propagate without being disturbed", "\"Einstein–Cartan theory\"\npartial differential equation, the torsion field does not propagate as a wave, and vanishes outside of matter. Therefore, in principle the torsion can be algebraically eliminated from the theory in favor of the spin tensor, which generates an effective \"\"spin-spin\"\" nonlinear self-interaction inside matter. The Einstein–Cartan theory eliminates the general-relativistic problem of the unphysical singularity at the Big Bang. The minimal coupling between torsion and Dirac spinors generates an effective nonlinear spin-spin self-interaction, which becomes significant inside fermionic matter at extremely high densities. Such an interaction replaces the singular Big Bang with a cusp-like Big Bounce at a minimum but", "\"Young Sheldon\"\nco-creator Bill Prady expected to be involved in some capacity, and intended to air in the 2017–18 season alongside \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". The initial idea for the series came from Jim Parsons (who portrays the older Sheldon on \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\"), who passed it along to \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" producers. On March 13, 2017, CBS ordered the spin-off \"\"Young Sheldon\"\" series, which was created by Lorre and Molaro. Jon Favreau directed and executive produced the pilot. Parsons, Lorre, Molaro and Todd Spiewak also serve as executive producers on the series, for Chuck Lorre Productions, Inc. in association", "\"Physical cosmology\"\nemitted. Finally, the epoch of structure formation began, when matter started to aggregate into the first stars and quasars, and ultimately galaxies, clusters of galaxies and superclusters formed. The future of the universe is not yet firmly known, but according to the ΛCDM model it will continue expanding forever. Below, some of the most active areas of inquiry in cosmology are described, in roughly chronological order. This does not include all of the Big Bang cosmology, which is presented in \"\"Timeline of the Big Bang.\"\" The early, hot universe appears to be well explained by the Big Bang from roughly", "\"Chuck Lorre\"\nfirst time since \"\"Dharma & Greg\"\" premiered in 1997, a new show of Lorre's did not use his traditional Vanity Card. Instead a standard production logo was used. \"\"Two and a Half Men\"\" and \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" were both taped at the Warner Brothers lot, in adjacent stages; the shows shared several writers and technical crews. \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" has cast a number of alumni from Lorre's past series, starting with Johnny Galecki from \"\"Roseanne\"\" (he was Darlene's boyfriend and later husband). Sara Gilbert, who played Darlene on \"\"Roseanne\"\", was Leslie Winkle on \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". Laurie", "\"String theory\"\nhelium, and the existence of a cosmic microwave background, there are several questions that remain unanswered. For example, the standard Big Bang model does not explain why the universe appears to be same in all directions, why it appears flat on very large distance scales, or why certain hypothesized particles such as magnetic monopoles are not observed in experiments. Currently, the leading candidate for a theory going beyond the Big Bang is the theory of cosmic inflation. Developed by Alan Guth and others in the 1980s, inflation postulates a period of extremely rapid accelerated expansion of the universe prior to", "\"Firefly (TV series)\"\n4.7 million viewers and ranked 98th in Nielsen ratings. On the CBS sitcom, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", Sheldon Cooper is a fan of \"\"Firefly\"\". When he and Leonard Hofstadter are discussing their roommate agreement, they include a passage in which they dedicate Friday nights to watching \"\"Firefly\"\", as Sheldon believes it will last for years. Upon its cancellation, he brands Rupert Murdoch, the owner of Fox, a traitor. During the second season of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", in episode 17 (\"\"The Terminator Decoupling\"\"), Summer Glau appears as herself, encountering Sheldon, Leonard, and their friends on a train to San Francisco.", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nThe Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory is an American television sitcom created by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, both of whom serve as executive producers on the series, along with Steven Molaro. All three also serve as head writers. The show premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007. The twelfth and final season which will run through 2018–19 premiered on September 24, 2018, consisting of 24 episodes. The show originally centered on five characters living in Pasadena, California: Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper, both physicists at Caltech, who share an apartment; Penny, a waitress and aspiring actress who", "\"The Rhinitis Revelation\"\nThe Rhinitis Revelation \"\"The Rhinitis Revelation\"\" is the sixth episode of the fifth season of the US sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" and the 93rd episode of the show overall. It first aired on CBS on October 20, 2011. Sheldon's mother, Mary Cooper, is going on a Christian cruise called the \"\"Born Again Boat Ride\"\". Before the cruise, she has a weekend in Pasadena and visits Sheldon. However, he is upset when she does not do anything on his itinerary. Instead of his mother cooking chicken and making pecan pie, they go out to a restaurant for sushi; when doing", "\"Physical cosmology\"\nand experiment, rather than through observations of the universe. Big Bang nucleosynthesis is the theory of the formation of the elements in the early universe. It finished when the universe was about three minutes old and its temperature dropped below that at which nuclear fusion could occur. Big Bang nucleosynthesis had a brief period during which it could operate, so only the very lightest elements were produced. Starting from hydrogen ions (protons), it principally produced deuterium, helium-4, and lithium. Other elements were produced in only trace abundances. The basic theory of nucleosynthesis was developed in 1948 by George Gamow, Ralph", "\"The Hawking Excitation\"\noverall was \"\"one utterly predictable, unimaginative joke after another.\"\" Simon Helberg complimented Stephen Hawking on his comedic timing via Twitter. \"\"The Huffington Post\"\" said that \"\"none of [Hawking's guest appearances] felt quite as right as when he appeared as himself on \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\".\"\" The Hawking Excitation \"\"The Hawking Excitation\"\" is the 21st episode of the fifth season of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" that first aired on CBS on April 5, 2012. It is the 108th episode overall. After learning that Stephen Hawking is coming to lecture at Caltech, Howard (Simon Helberg) is hired to maintain his wheelchair equipment.", "\"The Conjugal Configuration\"\nThe Conjugal Configuration \"\"The Conjugal Configuration\"\" is the first episode of the twelfth season, and 256th episode overall of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". It first aired on CBS on September 24, 2018. After their honeymoon starts at Legoland California, Sheldon and Amy head to New York City. Sheldon's insistence on scheduling their marital relations stresses Amy. He says he only does it to remind himself to be intimate with her. They compromise by letting him make a schedule without sharing it with her. Leonard and Penny discover Mr. Larry Fowler (Teller) hiding from his wife (Kathy Bates). Leonard notices parallels", "\"Big Bang (book)\"\nAnother theme of the book is the scientific method itself: how serendipity, curiosity, theory and observation come together to expand our understanding of the world. One of the most interesting points in the book is how Einstein initially dismissed the theory out of hand. Such was his authority in the scientific community that none dared oppose him, thereby stifling research in this area for many years. However, when Hubble confirmed the theory, Einstein was quick to endorse both Lemaître and his theories. Big Bang (book) Big Bang: The most important scientific discovery of all time and why you need to", "\"Warm Kitty\"\nWarm Kitty \"\"Warm Kitty\"\" is a children's song, popularized by the characters Sheldon and Penny in the American sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" where it is rendered as \"\"Soft Kitty\"\". According to claims in a copyright lawsuit, the words to \"\"Warm Kitty\"\" were written by Edith Newlin. The original version is a very popular Polish traditional lullaby \"\"\"\", a folk tune from the 18th century. In \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", the song is described by Sheldon as a song sung by his mother when he is ill. The lyrics on \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" are: \"\"soft kitty, warm kitty, little", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nstill cuts his meat for him, takes him to the dentist, does his laundry and \"\"grounds\"\" him when he returns home after briefly moving out. Until Howard's marriage to Bernadette in the fifth-season finale, Howard's former living situation led Leonard's psychiatrist mother to speculate that he may suffer from some type of pathology, and Sheldon to refer to their relationship as Oedipal. In season 8, Howard's mother dies in her sleep while in Florida, which devastates Howard and Stuart, who briefly lived with Mrs. Wolowitz. In the apartment building where Sheldon, Leonard and Penny (and later Amy) live, the elevator", "\"Penny (The Big Bang Theory)\"\n\"\"Penny already eats our food, she can pay for Wi-Fi\"\". In the seventh season \"\"The Convention Conundrum\"\", when the women go out for drinks, and ponder their own maturity, and Penny questions the significance of that trait, Bernadette replies that it would mean that their check would be split three ways. Penny's financial situation takes a turn at the start of season eight, when she lands a job in \"\"The Locomotion Interruption\"\" as a sales representative at the pharmaceutical company at which Bernadette works. By \"\"The Expedition Approximation\"\", she is making enough money to be financially self-sufficient, able to sell", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 8)\"\nLeslie Moonves confirmed an eighth season, when announcing that the first part of the new season would air on a different night, due to to \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" games. In May 2014, CBS announced at its annual upfront presentation, that the series would begin its eighth season on Mondays, before returning to the Thursday slot it has held since 2010 on October 30, once the football games end. Production for the season was expected to begin on July 30, 2014, however the start was delayed due to the five main cast members' desire to renegotiate new contracts, with Johnny Galecki,", "\"Thomas Gold\"\nthe cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965, which was predicted by the Big Bang theory. Stephen Hawking said that the fact that microwave radiation had been found, and that it was thought to be left over from the Big Bang, was \"\"the final nail in the coffin of the steady-state theory.\"\" Bondi conceded that the theory had been disproved, but Hoyle and Gold remained unconvinced for a number of years. Gold even supported Hoyle's modified Steady State theory, however, by 1998, he started to express some doubts about the theory, but maintained that despite its faults, the theory helped improve", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 5)\"\nof IGN disliked the previous season but said that season 5 \"\"is far more balanced\"\"; Busch gave season 5 episodes ratings between 5.5 and 9, with an average rating of 8.0. She also noted that the show has \"\"matured\"\" by including other women in the main cast. Tom Gliatto from \"\"People\"\" gave the season 3 out of 4 stars, stating that it is \"\"bright and obvious as a cartoon, yet written with a clean, precise patter of jokes\"\". At the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series, but \"\"Modern Family\"\" on ABC won.", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 7)\"\nthe 66th Primetime Emmy Awards for the episode \"\"The Relationship Diremption\"\". Bob Newhart submitted the episode \"\"The Proton Transmogrification\"\" for consideration due to his nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series at the 66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards. Lucasfilm helped with the creation of the episode. On March 12, 2014, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was renewed for an additional three years, extending it through the 2016–17 season for a total of ten seasons. Production for the seventh season began on August 14, 2013. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The seventh season received positive reviews. Oliver", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 8)\"\nexcited about with regard to this coming season\"\" with some of the central characters more comfortable around each other. Emily Gould of \"\"Salon\"\" criticized the humor, writing that \"\"I watched all seven episodes that had aired so far this season and didn't so much as expel air forcefully from my nose in response to any of the jokes\"\". Oliver Sava of \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" also criticized the humor, writing that \"\"A lot of the jokes are tired and the plotlines are standard sitcom material, but if it's worked for seven seasons, why switch it up now?\"\" The Big Bang Theory", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\n\"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" premiered in the United States on September 24, 2007 on CBS. The series debuted in Canada on CTV in September 2007. On February 14, 2008, the series debuted in the United Kingdom on channels E4 and Channel 4. In Australia the first seven seasons of the series began airing on the Seven Network and 7mate from October 2015 and also gained the rights to season 8 in 2016, though the Nine Network has rights to air seasons nine & ten. On January 22, 2018, it was announced that Nine had acquired the rights to Season 1–8.", "\"Sara Gilbert\"\nmedical student Jane Figler on the long-running hospital drama \"\"ER\"\"; her appearances spanned seasons 11-13. Gilbert returned to prime time television in the fall of 2005 in the sitcom \"\"Twins\"\" on The WB network. The sitcom was canceled after one season, when the WB and UPN networks merged as The CW and dropped a number of shows. She also had a recurring role on the short-lived CBS sitcom \"\"The Class\"\" as Fern Velch. From 2007 to 2010, Gilbert appeared in episodes of the CBS TV series \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" as Leslie Winkle, a scientist friend of Leonard Hofstadter played", "\"Olbers' paradox\"\non the number of galaxies suggest UV absorption by hydrogen and reemission in near-IR (not visible) wavelengths also plays a role. A different resolution, which does not rely on the Big Bang theory, was first proposed by Carl Charlier in 1908 and later rediscovered by Benoît Mandelbrot in 1974. They both postulated that if the stars in the universe were distributed in a hierarchical fractal cosmology (e.g., similar to Cantor dust)—the average density of any region diminishes as the region considered increases—it would not be necessary to rely on the Big Bang theory to explain Olbers' paradox. This model would", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 5)\"\nordered in a three-year renewal for \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", extending the series through the 2013-2014 season. Several high-profile celebrities appear in the season. In \"\"The Transporter Malfunction\"\", actor Leonard Nimoy appears as a voice actor, playing an action-figure Spock that Sheldon imagines talking to him. In the following episode, \"\"The Hawking Excitation\"\", cosmologist Stephen Hawking appears as a guest star. Astronaut Mike Massimino appears in \"\"The Friendship Contraction\"\" and \"\"The Countdown Reflection\"\". Stephen Hawking went on to appear in the season 6 episode \"\"The Extract Obliteration\"\" and the season 7 episode \"\"The Relationship Diremption\"\". Mike Massimino later appeared in", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 4)\"\nthe series, she was shown working as a bartender instead of waitressing at her usual workplace, The Cheesecake Factory, to hide her injury. In January 2011, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" was renewed for an additional three years; extending it through the 2013/14 season, for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The fourth season received particular praise for character developments. Alan Sepinwall of Uproxx praised the additions of Bernadette and Amy to the cast, writing that \"\"With Amy Farrah Fowler and Bernadette promoted to semi-permanent status, the show is now able to spend large chunks of each episode focusing", "\"The Isolation Permutation\"\nThe Isolation Permutation \"\"The Isolation Permutation\"\" is the eighth episode of the fifth season of the US sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" and the 95th episode of the show overall. It first aired on CBS on November 3, 2011. In the episode, Amy becomes upset when Penny (Kaley Cuoco) and Bernadette go dress shopping without her. Bernadette and Penny are shopping for bridesmaid dresses; Howard inadvertently mentions this in front of Amy, who is upset that they did not invite her. Sheldon is unable to contact Amy: she does not answer Facebook messages, video chats or any other form of", "\"Melissa Rauch\"\nof Bernadette Rostenkowski, a co-worker of Penny who began to date Howard Wolowitz, in the third season of TV's \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". The following season her character became Howard's fiancée and Rauch was promoted to a series regular. The characters married in the season five finale. In December 2011, Rauch and fellow cast members of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" received the first of four nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. Other acting credits include \"\"True Blood\"\" (on which she had a recurring role in 2010 as Summer, a", "\"Big Bang\"\nadvocated and developed by George Gamow, who introduced big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and whose associates, Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman, predicted the CMB. Ironically, it was Hoyle who coined the phrase that came to be applied to Lemaître's theory, referring to it as \"\"this \"\"big bang\"\" idea\"\" during a BBC Radio broadcast in March 1949. For a while, support was split between these two theories. Eventually, the observational evidence, most notably from radio source counts, began to favor Big Bang over Steady State. The discovery and confirmation of the CMB in 1964 secured the Big Bang as the best theory", "\"History of the Big Bang theory\"\nHistory of the Big Bang theory The history of the Big Bang theory began with the Big Bang's development from observations and theoretical considerations. Much of the theoretical work in cosmology now involves extensions and refinements to the basic Big Bang model. In medieval philosophy, there was much debate over whether the universe had a finite or infinite past (see Temporal finitism). The philosophy of Aristotle held that the universe had an infinite past, which caused problems for medieval Jewish and Islamic philosophers who were unable to reconcile the Aristotelian conception of the eternal with the Abrahamic view of creation.", "\"History of the Big Bang theory\"\nnot measured with high accuracy until COBE in 1990). After some reformulation, the Big Bang has been regarded as the best theory of the origin and evolution of the cosmos. Before the late 1960s, many cosmologists thought the infinitely dense and physically paradoxical singularity at the starting time of Friedmann's cosmological model could be avoided by allowing for a universe which was contracting before entering the hot dense state, and starting to expand again. This was formalized as Richard Tolman's oscillating universe. In the sixties, Stephen Hawking and others demonstrated that this idea was unworkable, and the singularity is an", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 2)\"\nin \"\"The Killer Robot Instability\"\". <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Compared to season one, the second season received more favorable reception. Jessica Paff of Screener wrote that \"\"if they can keep the funny coming, I will keep watching\"\", Ken Tucker of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" praised the improvements to the character of Sheldon Cooper, writing that \"\"Prickly Sheldon has become a character to love, and [actor Jim] Parsons is doing something rare on network TV: making intellectualism admirable, even heroic\"\", and James Chamberlin of \"\"IGN\"\" wrote that \"\"Jim Parsons is a riot and is reason enough to tune in each week.\"\" The Big Bang Theory", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nviewers with 20.44 million. Showrunner Steve Molaro, who took over from Bill Prady with the sixth season, credits some of the show's success to the sitcom's exposure in off-network syndication, particularly on TBS, while Michael Schneider of \"\"TV Guide\"\" attributes it to the timeslot move two seasons earlier. Chuck Lorre and CBS Entertainment president Nina Tassler also credit the success to the influence of Molaro, in particular the deepening exploration of the firmly established regular characters and their interpersonal relationships, such as the on-again, off-again relationship between Leonard and Penny. Throughout much of the 2012–13 season, \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\"", "\"Young Sheldon\"\nwith Warner Bros. Television. On September 27, 2017, CBS picked up the series for a full season of 22 episodes. On January 6, 2018, the show was renewed for a second season. The second season premiered on September 24, 2018. In early March 2017, Iain Armitage was cast as the younger Sheldon, as well as Zoe Perry as his mother, Mary Cooper. Perry is the real-life daughter of Laurie Metcalf, who portrays Mary Cooper on \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". Lance Barber stars as George Cooper Sr., Sheldon's father; he had previously appeared in one episode of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\".", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\nThe review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 52% approval rating for the first season based on reviews from 23 critics, with an average rating of 5.18/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" brings a new class of character to mainstream television, but much of the comedy feels formulaic and stiff.\"\" On Metacritic, the season holds a score of 57 out of 100, based on reviews from 23 critics, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\". Later seasons received more acclaim and in 2013, \"\"TV Guide\"\" ranked the series #52 on its list of the 60 Best Series of", "\"Laura Spencer (actress)\"\nLaura Spencer (actress) Laura Spencer (born May 8, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Jane Bennet in the 2012 web series \"\"The Lizzie Bennet Diaries\"\" which is an adaptation of \"\"Pride and Prejudice\"\", intern Jessica Warren on seasons 9 through 12 of \"\"Bones\"\" and Emily Sweeney on seasons 7 through 10 of the CBS television series \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". Spencer had a main role as Emily Sweeney, Raj's girlfriend on \"\"The Big Bang Theory,\"\" which began in that show's seventh season, in the March 6, 2014 episode \"\"The Friendship Turbulence.\"\" That same year, she had", "\"Laura Spencer (actress)\"\nbegun a formerly recurring role as Jessica Warren on \"\"Bones.\"\" Laura Spencer (actress) Laura Spencer (born May 8, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Jane Bennet in the 2012 web series \"\"The Lizzie Bennet Diaries\"\" which is an adaptation of \"\"Pride and Prejudice\"\", intern Jessica Warren on seasons 9 through 12 of \"\"Bones\"\" and Emily Sweeney on seasons 7 through 10 of the CBS television series \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". Spencer had a main role as Emily Sweeney, Raj's girlfriend on \"\"The Big Bang Theory,\"\" which began in that show's seventh season, in the March 6,", "\"The Shiny Trinket Maneuver\"\nThe Shiny Trinket Maneuver \"\"The Shiny Trinket Maneuver\"\" is the 12th episode of the fifth season of the US sitcom \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" and the 99th episode of the show overall. It first aired on CBS on January 12, 2012. In the episode, Amy gets upset with Sheldon after he does not appreciate her good news, and Howard reconsiders his relationship with Bernadette after he finds out she does not like children. On a date, Amy tells Sheldon that her paper will be published in \"\"Neuron\"\", a prestigious scientific journal; Sheldon does not acknowledge her good news, distracted by", "\"The Big Bang Theory\"\ntheir relationship in \"\"The Beta Test Initiation\"\". After Penny suggests having sex in \"\"The Launch Acceleration\"\", Leonard breaks the mood by proposing to her. Penny says \"\"no\"\" but does not break up with him. She stops a proposal a second time in \"\"The Tangible Affection Proof\"\". In the sixth-season episode, \"\"The 43 Peculiarity\"\", Penny finally tells Leonard that she loves him. Although they both feel jealousy when the other receives significant attention from the opposite sex, Penny is secure enough in their relationship to send him off on an exciting four-month expedition without worrying in \"\"The Bon Voyage Reaction\"\". After", "\"Involution (esoterism)\"\ntheory when the big bang theory began to be affirmed by more scientists based on observed evidences. Thus, the esoteric theory of \"\"involution\"\" or the theory of \"\"everything arising from one\"\" began to be accepted by official science. In this context, the role of time in the Second Law of Thermodynamics is a curious alone because the irreversible increase of entropy in the universe, as a principle that can be verified through daily observations, as something equivalent of the irreversibility of time, is an enough proof of the big bang theory. That is to say, since the increase of entropy", "\"The Big Bang Theory (season 6)\"\nspace, June Thomas of \"\"Slate\"\" wrote that \"\"\"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\"s creators deserve praise for their willingness to shake things up. After five incredibly successful seasons of nerdy laughs, it would’ve been easy to coast. Instead, they chose to press the reset button and disrupt the familiar friendships. Still, I hope things settle down soon, because so far this season, it’s all been a bit of a bummer\"\". Oliver Sava of \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" criticized the character of Wolowitz's mother, writing that \"\"Howard's mom has outlived her usefulness on this series, and rather than an obstacle for the character, she’s", "\"The Egg Salad Equivalency\"\nan A, calling it \"\"one of the strongest episodes of \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\"’s six seasons\"\", in which Sheldon's comments to women reached \"\"\"\"Curb Your Enthusiasm\"\" levels of awkwardness\"\". The Egg Salad Equivalency \"\"The Egg Salad Equivalency\"\" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season of the American comedy television series \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". The episode was originally aired the CBS television network on January 3, 2013. The story was created by Chuck Lorre, Eric Kaplan and Jim Reynolds, then turned into teleplay by Steven Molaro, Bill Prady and Steve Holland. Mark Cendrowski directed the episode. \"\"The Egg Salad", "\"Bolshoi Cosmological Simulation\"\nin this model. The dynamics are modeled with the ΛCDM theory and Einstein's general theory of relativity, with the model including cold dark matter (CDM) and the Λ cosmological constant term simulating the cosmic acceleration referred to as dark energy. The first 100 million years (Myr) or so of the evolution of the universe after the Big Bang can be derived analytically. The Bolshoi simulation was started at redshift z=80, corresponding to about 20 Myr after the Big Bang. Initial parameters were calculated with linear theory as implemented by the CAMB tools, part of the WMAP website. The tools provide", "\"Hannes Alfvén\"\nwas that astrophysicists tried to extrapolate the origin of the universe from mathematical theories developed on the blackboard, rather than starting from known observable phenomena. He also considered the Big Bang to be a myth devised to explain creation. Alfvén and colleagues proposed the Alfvén–Klein model as an alternative cosmological theory to both the Big Bang and steady state theory cosmologies. Alfvén had a good sense of humor, and he participated in a variety of social issues and worldwide disarmament movements. He had a long-standing distrust of computers. Alfvén studied the history of science, oriental philosophy, and religion. On his", "\"The Big Bang Theory (Family Guy)\"\nreturn pad all due to the temporal predestination paradox causality loop. When Stewie obtains his plutonium to power the return pad, Bertram learns of the time machine and sneaks into the Griffin house to kill Stewie's ancestor in order to prevent him from ever being born. Unfortunately, as Stewie and Brian discover, by preventing the former from being born, then Stewie would not have been able to start the Big Bang, thereby creating a paradox that begins to wipe everything from existence. Stewie explains this to Brian and says that they will have only one shot at getting back to", "\"Big Bang\"\nultimately galaxy clusters, stars, planets, atoms, nuclei, and matter itself will be torn apart by the ever-increasing expansion in a so-called Big Rip. The following is a partial list of misconceptions about the Big Bang model: \"\"The Big Bang as the origin of the universe:\"\" One of the common misconceptions about the Big Bang model is the belief that it was the origin of the universe. However, the Big Bang model does not comment about how the universe came into being. Current conception of the Big Bang model assumes the existence of energy, time, and space, and does not comment", "\"Growing Pains (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nbeginning,\"\" before igniting the lighter and causing an explosion, destroying all the vervain and, killing himself and everybody inside. When the episode aired on October 11, 2012, the episode was viewed by 3.48 million American viewers and garnered a 1.6 rating in the 18-49 demographic. This was 7% above last season's premiere (The Birthday) which garnered a 1.5 rating in the 18-49 demographic and up 13% in Women 18-34. The episode came joint 3rd in its timeslot, losing to \"\"The X Factor\"\" and \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\" but tying with ABC's drama, \"\"Last Resort\"\" and the episode outrated both of", "\"String theory\"\nthe expansion described by the standard Big Bang theory. The theory of cosmic inflation preserves the successes of the Big Bang while providing a natural explanation for some of the mysterious features of the universe. The theory has also received striking support from observations of the cosmic microwave background, the radiation that has filled the sky since around 380,000 years after the Big Bang. In the theory of inflation, the rapid initial expansion of the universe is caused by a hypothetical particle called the inflaton. The exact properties of this particle are not fixed by the theory but should ultimately", "\"The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis\"\nThe Bath Item Gift Hypothesis \"\"The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis\"\" is an episode of the American comedy television series \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\". It first aired on CBS in the United States on December 15, 2008. It is the eleventh episode of the second season of the series and the twenty ninth episode overall. Leonard (Johnny Galecki) assists award winning scientist David Underhill (Michael Trucco) with his research. Leonard is overjoyed to be helping Underhill but becomes jealous when the handsome scientist starts dating Penny. This quickly ends in a break up when Penny discovers nude photos of his wife", "\"The Hawking Excitation\"\nscene. Simon Helberg, who plays Howard, does an impression of Hawking's voice in the episode; he felt slightly uncomfortable mimicking Hawking, but Hawking seemed to enjoy the impression. Hawking is the third high-profile guest star to appear in season 5, after Mike Massimino and Leonard Nimoy. Hawking later appeared in the season 6 episode \"\"The Extract Obliteration\"\", the season 7 episode \"\"The Relationship Diremption\"\" and the season 8 episode \"\"The Troll Manifestation\"\", but in these episodes only his voice is heard. Hawking was shown in a pre-recorded video segment at the \"\"Big Bang Theory\"\" panel at Comic-Con 2013. He apologized" ]

[ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "Rhona Mitra" ]

[ "\"2001–02 Charlotte Hornets season\"\nBaron Davis was selected to play in the 2002 NBA All-Star Game. The Hornets defeated the Orlando Magic 3–1 in the first round of the playoffs, but lost 4–1 in the semifinals to the New Jersey Nets. Following the season, the Hornets relocated to New Orleans, Louisiana, and became the New Orleans Hornets. The city of Charlotte would return to the NBA two seasons later with the expansion Charlotte Bobcats, who began play in the 2004–05 season. That franchise changed its name to the Hornets in 2014 after the original franchise renamed itself the Pelicans, and also reclaimed the original", "\"2019 Charlotte 49ers football team\"\n2019 Charlotte 49ers football team The 2019 Charlotte 49ers football team will represent the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The 49ers play their home games at Jerry Richardson Stadium in Charlotte, NC, and compete in the East Division of Conference USA (C–USA). They will be led by first-year head coach Will Healy. The 49ers finished the 2018 season 5–7, 4–4 in C-USA play to finish in fourth place in the East Division. Following the final home game loss of the 2018 season to FIU and elimination from bowl game contention,", "\"Gary Strain\"\nGary Strain Gary Strain (born 19 April 1988 in Motherwell, Scotland) is a Scottish rugby union player at the Loosehead Prop position.. He previously played for Glasgow Warriors and Newcastle Falcons. Strain started playing amateur rugby with Dalziel Rugby Club in 2004. He played with them until 2007 appearing 36 times and scoring 25 points (5 tries). Moving to the Glasgow Hawks for the season 2007-08, Strain was to win the Scottish Shield with them in 2009. He played for the Hawks for 4 years before moving to French side Massy. At the start of season 2008-09 the prop was", "\"2018 Charlotte 49ers football team\"\n2018 Charlotte 49ers football team The 2018 Charlotte 49ers football team represented the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The 49ers played their home games at Jerry Richardson Stadium in Charlotte, NC, and competed in the East Division of Conference USA (C–USA). They were led by sixth-year head coach Brad Lambert. They finished the season 5–7, 4–4 in C-USA play to finish in fourth place in the East Division. On November 18, head coach Brad Lambert was fired. He was allowed to stay on to coach their final game of the", "\"Kay Voser\"\ncontract with FC Zürich in June 2016. On March 6, 2018, Voser signed with American side Charlotte Independence for the 2018 season. Voser left Charlotte at the end of their 2018 season. Voser played his Swiss U-16 debut on 26 August 2002 in the 2–2 away draw against the German U-16 team. He made his Swiss U-21 debut on 7 February 2007 in the 4–0 away defeat against the French U-21 team. Basel Kay Voser Kay Voser (born 4 January 1987) is a Swiss footballer who plays as defender. On 31 May 2011, Voser transferred from Grasshopper-Club Zurich to Basel.", "\"Andrei Kirilenko\"\n2012, Kirilenko signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves. He was the team's starting small forward, playing in 64 games during the 2012–13 NBA season. Kirilenko missed 18 games because of back spasms, then a right quadriceps strain, and finally a calf strain. He finished the season with averages of 12.4 points, 5.7 rebounds, 2.8 assists, and a 51% field goal percentage per game. He had his best game on November 14, 2012, when he had 26 points and 12 rebounds on an 89-87 loss to the Charlotte Bobcats. On June 29, 2013, Kirilenko opted out of the final year of his", "\"Sheldon Wallace\"\nhe professes his love for Charlotte and is heartbroken when she gets engaged to Cooper. In Season 4 of \"\"Private Practice\"\", Sheldon continues to be the resident \"\"therapist\"\" to all his friends and colleagues. Amelia Shepherd makes sexual advances on him based on what both Charlotte and Violet have to say about their past sexual experiences with him and they tell Amelia that Sheldon plays hard to get. Early in the season he inadvertently discovers the identity of the man who raped Charlotte; he had interviewed the man, Lee McHenry, the night she was attacked and he had her blood", "\"Charlotte's web (cannabis)\"\nCharlotte's web (cannabis) Charlotte's Web is a high-cannabidiol (CBD), low-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) \"\"Cannabis\"\" strain marketed as a dietary supplement under federal law of the United States. It is produced by the Stanley brothers in Colorado. It does not induce the psychoactive \"\"high\"\" typically associated with recreational marijuana strains that are high in THC. In September 2014, the Stanleys announced that they would ensure that the product consistently contained less than 0.3% THC. Charlotte's Web is named after Charlotte Figi, born , whose story has led to her being described as \"\"the girl who is changing medical marijuana laws across America.\"\" Her", "\"2017–18 Charlotte 49ers women's basketball team\"\n2017–18 Charlotte 49ers women's basketball team The 2017–18 Charlotte 49ers women's basketball team represents the University of North Carolina at Charlotte during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The 49ers, led by sixth year head coach Cara Consuegra, play their home games at Dale F. Halton Arena and were members of Conference USA. They finished the season 14–16, 10–6 in C-USA play to finish in a 4 way tie for third place. They lost in the first round of the C-USA Women's Tournament to North Texas. They finished the season 21–10, 12–6 in C-USA play to finish in", "\"2013–14 Charlotte Checkers season\"\nLeft the team mid-season Rookie \"\"Note: GP = Games Played; TOI = Time on Ice; W = Wins; L = Losses; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; SV = Saves; SA = Shots Against; SV% = Save Percentage; SO = Shutouts; G = Goals; A = Assists; PIM = Penalty Minutes\"\"<br> Source Left the team mid-season Rookie 2013–14 Charlotte Checkers season The 2013–14 Charlotte Checkers season is the franchise's fourth season in the American Hockey League, which began on October 4, 2013. Charlotte remained in the same division after an American Hockey League realignment in the summer", "\"Charlotte Flair\"\nfollowed by a distraction provided by her father. Throughout December, the relationship between Charlotte and Lynch continued to strain, and after losing to her on the January 4, 2016 episode \"\"Raw\"\", Charlotte attacked Lynch and solidified her villainous turn in the process for the first time since 2014 in NXT. Charlotte successfully retained the Divas Championship against Lynch with help from her father three days later on \"\"SmackDown\"\", and at the Royal Rumble on January 24. On the February 1 episode of \"\"Raw\"\", Charlotte lost to Brie Bella in a non-title match. The two later competed in title match at", "\"Patrick Slogic\"\nUSL Pro club Rochester Rhinos on April 4, 2014 after playing with the Columbus Crew. Slogic joined the expansion Charlotte Independence for the 2015 season. Patrick Slogic Patrick David Slogic (born September 13, 1991 in Okinawa, Japan) is an American soccer player who currently plays for the Charlotte Independence in the United Soccer League. Slogic played fours years of college soccer at Cornell University between 2010 and 2013, while earning his degree in Environmental Engineering from Cornell's College of Engineering in 7 semesters. While at college, Slogic also appeared for USL PDL club Reading United AC in 2013. Slogic was", "\"Erin Perperoglou\"\ngame in 14 games with the Sting and missed the 11 remaining games of the regular season due to a strained lower back. Buescher Perperoglou took a hiatus from the WNBA in 2004 but played in New Zealand for the Harbour Breeze and in Greece for Akademia during the 2004-05 WNBA off-season. She returned to the WNBA in 2005. The Charlotte Sting traded Buescher Perperoglou, along with teammates Nicole Powell and Olympia Scott-Richardson, to the Sacramento Monarchs in exchange for Tangela Smith and a second-round draft pick in the 2006 WNBA Draft. The Monarchs off-season trades paid off and they", "\"Darin Downs\"\nRays, who assigned him to Vero Beach. He finished the 2008 season there and in 10 games, had an 0–3 record and a 6.00 ERA. During the 2009 season, Downs played with the Charlotte Stone Crabs (Single A) and the Montgomery Biscuits (Double A). He was a Florida State League All–Star, making both the midseason and postseason rosters. With Charlotte, Downs posted a 2.00 ERA (best in the Florida State League) and a 12–4 record in 20 games (19 starts). In August, he moved to Montgomery, but after starting and losing a pair of contests, Downs suffered a concussion when", "\"Biko Bradnock-Brennan\"\nBiko Bradnock-Brennan Biko Bradnock-Brennan (born 4 October 1992) is an Irish-English footballer who last played for National League South side Whitehawk. Bradnock- Brennan played for Fulham FC under 16's. Bradnock-Brennan captained Blackpool youth side and played with their reserves. Bradnock-Brennan was released in 2011, moving to Harrow Borough. After a season with Harrow Borough, Bradnock-Brennan accepted a college soccer scholarship at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in 2012. Whilst at Charlotte University was ranked 69 nationally by Top Draw Soccer in his Junior Year. Bradnock-Brennan earned National Honours Team of the Week and named one of the Top", "\"Ted Strain\"\nthe completion of his college career, Strain played one season for the Chicago Bruins of the National Basketball League in 1942–43. He married Beverly Douglas on October 2, 1947, and owned Strain Market in Harvard, Illinois for 20 years. They had four children. Ted Strain William \"\"Ted\"\" Strain (March 1, 1917 – October 4, 1999) was an American basketball player. He was an early professional player in the National Basketball League (which later merged with the Basketball Association of America to form the NBA) and was a starter on the University of Wisconsin's 1941 national championship team. Strain, a 5'11\"\"", "\"Helen Darling\"\n2005 WNBA season, Darling played 31 games for Charlotte, starting the last 11, as a starter Darling, averaged 7.0 points and 4.5 assists in 31.0 minutes, compared to 1.5 points and 1.3 assists in 17.6 minutes off the bench. Missed only one game due to a left hamstring strain. During the 2006 WNBA season, Darling started all 29 regular season games averaging 4.7 points, 3.0 assists and 1.13 steals per game. After a disappointing last place performance and poor attendance for the Sting, the team folded and a dispersal draft was held. The San Antonio Silver Stars selected Darling with", "\"Becky Lynch\"\nDivas Championship. The following week on \"\"Raw\"\", Lynch gained revenge by defeating Paige. On the 30 November episode of \"\"Raw\"\", Charlotte started displaying heel traits after she feigned a leg injury to defeat Lynch, followed by a distraction provided by her father. Throughout December, Lynch and Charlotte's friendship continued to strain and after Lynch defeated her on the 4 January 2016 episode \"\"Raw\"\", Charlotte attacked her and solidify her villainous turn. Lynch challenged Charlotte for her Divas Championship three days later on \"\"SmackDown\"\" and at the Royal Rumble pay-per-view event on 24 January, but lost both matches after interference from", "\"A Shared House\"\nfriend, who cares little for Charlotte’s issues but pretends to listen. Nick Dale as Oscar: A career-focused man who is impatient with Charlotte’s erratic soul searching. Season Two Elias Jamieson Brown as Tom: A free-spirited nomad, Tom is Charlotte's estranged brother who shows up at the house unexpectedly at the end of the first season. Deborah An as Angel: Energetic and quirky, Angel is Lucas love interest in the second season. Georgia Woodward and Joshua Lundberg cast the series. It was decided in the early stages of development that Woodward would portray Charlotte, although she had doubts in playing the", "\"Gordon Tottle\"\n1958–59, and 1959–60. In his third season in Charlotte, the team was renamed to the Charlotte Checkers, and Tottle was named its player-coach. He led the team to 25 wins in 64 games, but missed the playoffs. After his fourth season in Charlotte, he returned to his home state of Michigan, to play a final season with the Port Huron Flags in the International Hockey League. Regular season and playoffs statistics. Gordon Tottle Gordon Tottle is an American retired ice hockey defenseman, who played 456 games in the American Hockey League with the Springfield Indians. In his career, he played", "\"Ike Thomas\"\nsafety. In October, the team moved to Charlotte and was renamed as the Charlotte Hornets. In 1975, he signed with the Buffalo Bills and had his only 2 interceptions in the NFL that year. He was released on September 4, 1976. During his NFL career he played 37 games in 4 years, with 1,394 kickoff return yards, 2 interceptions and 2 touchdowns. In 1977, he signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League and played there for one season before being released. In 1978, he signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League, playing most of", "\"Andres Cuero\"\nHammerheads. He made his professional debut on April 17, 2011 in Wilmington's first game of the 2011 season, a 1–0 win over the Rochester Rhinos, and scored his first professional goal on June 4 in a 4–2 loss to Orlando City. Cuero re-signed with Wilmington for the 2012 season on December 5, 2011. Andres Cuero Andres Cuero (born July 8, 1989) is an American soccer player who played for Austin Aztex in the USL Pro. Cuero played his college soccer at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, where he was third-team NSCAA All-Mid-Atlantic Region Honors and earned All-Tournament honors", "\"2011–12 Charlotte Bobcats season\"\nweeks of the regular season were scrapped, and a two-game pre-season was set for each team once the lockout concluded. Many players signed with teams from other leagues due to the 2011 NBA lockout. FIBA allows players under NBA contracts to sign and play for teams from other leagues if the contracts have opt-out clauses that allow the players to return to the NBA if the lockout ends. The Chinese Basketball Association, however, only allows its clubs to sign foreign free agents who could play for at least the entire season. 2011–12 Charlotte Bobcats season The 2011–12 Charlotte Bobcats season", "\"Keith Williams (basketball)\"\nHe was a four time Polish League champion (1992, 1993, 1994, 1995). He was the Polish League Player of the Year in 1994. In the 1995–96 season, he scored 50 points in a Polish League game. Keith Williams (basketball) Keith David Williams (born March 30, 1965), is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. At 6'0\"\" (1.83 m) tall, he played at the point guard position. Williams played college basketball at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, with the Charlotte 49ers, from 1983 to 1987. During his 4", "\"Carlota of Mexico\"\nyounger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. Napoleon III gave Charlotte and her husband Maximilian a beautiful bisque bust of Charlotte as a wedding gift. In the Court of Vienna she was much prized by her mother-in-law, Princess Sophie, who saw in her the perfect example of a wife to an Austrian Archduke. This contributed to the strained relationship between Charlotte and Empress Elisabeth of Austria, wife of Franz Joseph, whom Sophie treated rather cruelly. It is said that the Charlotte disliked the deep connection that existed between Elisabeth and Maximilian, who were confidantes and shared the same", "\"2017 Charlotte 49ers football team\"\n2017 Charlotte 49ers football team The 2017 Charlotte 49ers football team represented the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (also called Charlotte or UNC Charlotte) in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season, the school's fifth season of NCAA football, their third season of NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) play, and their third season as a member of Conference USA's East Division. The team was led by fifth-year head coach Brad Lambert and played its home games on campus at Jerry Richardson Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. The 49ers finished the season 1–11, 1–7 in C-USA play", "\"1997 Major Indoor Lacrosse League season\"\n1997 Major Indoor Lacrosse League season The 1997 season is the 11th season of the league and, is the last as the MILL, began on January 4, 1997, and concluded with the championship game on April 12. The league was renamed to the National Lacrosse League after this season. The Charlotte Cobras, who debuted in the 1996 Major Indoor Lacrosse League season, folded after only a single winless season. No All-Star Game was played in 1997. Each week, a player is awarded \"\"Player of the Week\"\" honours. An award is also given out monthly for the best overall player. First", "\"1997 Major Indoor Lacrosse League season\"\nTeam: Second Team: Bold numbers indicate new single-season records. \"\"Italics\"\" indicate tied single-season records. 1997 Major Indoor Lacrosse League season The 1997 season is the 11th season of the league and, is the last as the MILL, began on January 4, 1997, and concluded with the championship game on April 12. The league was renamed to the National Lacrosse League after this season. The Charlotte Cobras, who debuted in the 1996 Major Indoor Lacrosse League season, folded after only a single winless season. No All-Star Game was played in 1997. Each week, a player is awarded \"\"Player of the Week\"\"", "\"Sex and the City\"\nform of the engagement ring she received from Trey. At the end of Season Four, Carrie discovers that Big has sold his apartment and is moving to Napa, California. Charlotte and Trey are living apart but continuing to have marital relations; they eventually reconcile and Charlotte moves back into their shared apartment. They decide to try for a baby but realize Charlotte is reproductively challenged; after fertility treatments and discussing adoption, their marriage breaks apart under the strain and they decide to divorce. Miranda supports Steve through testicular cancer and surgery. Later, when he feels emasculated by the surgery, they", "\"Charlotte Rage\"\nsome of the biggest blockbusters of the 1980s including \"\"Rambo\"\", \"\"Rain Man\"\", \"\"Moonstruck\"\" and \"\"Thelma & Louise\"\". They competed in the 1992–1996 seasons. They played their home games at the Charlotte Coliseum, then also home of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association from 1992 to 1994 and again in 1996. They played the 1995 season at the much smaller Independence Arena. The team made the playoffs in 1993 and 1994, losing both times to the Arizona Rattlers in the first round. They are best known for signing former Buffalo Bills offensive lineman Joe DeLamielleure, who played only a", "\"Idris Ughiovhe\"\nBaltimore in the USL Second Division prior to the team's inaugural 2007 season, and made his professional debut on April 20, 2007 in Baltimore's season-opening 4–1 loss to the Charlotte Eagles. Idris Ughiovhe Idris \"\"Alex\"\" Ughiovhe (born January 27, 1983 in Washington, DC) is an American soccer player of Nigerian heritage who currently plays for Crystal Palace Baltimore in the USSF Second Division. Ughiovhe played college soccer at Howard University, and for Richmond Kickers Future in the USL Premier Development League, Ughiovhe was drafted in the fourth round 2006 MLS Supplemental Draft by Chicago Fire, played several reserve matches for", "\"Mark Teixeira\"\nas Ryan Howard. Throughout the 2012 season, Teixeira was plagued with several health issues and injuries such as a \"\"persistent and almost debilitating\"\" cough caused by severe congestion of the bronchi, wrist inflammation, and a calf strain. Teixeira spent some time on the disabled list with the calf strain from late August until early September. After committing a disputed double play in a 4-5 loss against the Orioles, Teixeira aggravated his calf and was put on the DL again. He would eventually return for the season finale against the Red Sox. He finished the 2012 season with a .251 batting", "\"Brandon Hunter\"\naveraging 3.5 points and 3.3 rebounds per game in his rookie season. He played in 3 of the 4 games of the playoff series against the Indiana Pacers, who swept the Celtics in four games. Hunter was left unprotected by the Celtics and was selected by the Charlotte Bobcats in the 2004 NBA Expansion Draft on 22 June 2004. He didn't play a season game for the Bobcats as he was traded to the Orlando Magic for Keith Bogans on 1 November 2004. In Orlando he averaged 3.1 points and 2.2 rebounds on average in 31 games. He was signed", "\"Cannabis strains\"\n0.3% THC. Charlotte's Web gained national attention when it was used to treat Charlotte Figi's epileptic seizures. Her story has led to her being described as \"\"the girl who is changing medical marijuana laws across America,\"\" as well as the \"\"most famous example of medicinal hemp use\"\". There is little evidence about the safety or efficacy of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy. Purple Kush is a 100% Indica strain of \"\"Cannabis\"\". This plant \"\"forms a short squat bush with very dense internodes and large fan leaves, staying in the height range while grown indoors. Purple Kush's foliage exhibits a", "\"Natrone Means\"\nWest Charlotte High School in Charlotte, North Carolina. As of Training Camp for the 2008 season, Natrone is once again participating in the NFL Minority Coaching Fellowship Program working with the running backs, especially Jonathan Stewart of the Carolina Panthers. In May 2014, Natrone Means became running backs coach at Winston-Salem State University. Natrone is married to Shonda Means, they have 4 children and reside in Huntersville, North Carolina. Natrone Means Natrone Jermaine Means (born April 26, 1972) is a former professional American Football running back who played for the San Diego Chargers, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Carolina Panthers of the", "\"Charlotte Cobras\"\nCharlotte Cobras The Charlotte Cobras were a member of the Major Indoor Lacrosse League (MILL). They were based at Independence Arena in Charlotte, North Carolina and only played during the 1996 season. In October 1995 the MILL announced that Charlotte had been awarded an expansion franchise to begin play for the 1996 season. After failing to win a single game for the season, the MILL folded the franchise in August 1996. The name was later alluded to the name of the Carolina Cobras, which later played in the Arena Football League. A current Charlotte Cobras plays as a works team", "\"Frank Garcia (offensive lineman)\"\nradio show in Charlotte, North Carolina and coaches football at Charlotte Catholic High School. On December 8, 2018, Garcia was arrested for assault. Frank Garcia (offensive lineman) Frank Garcia (born January 28, 1972, Phoenix, Arizona) is a former American football player in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the 1995 NFL Draft. He also played for the St. Louis Rams and the Arizona Cardinals. Garcia was suspended from the NFL for the first 4 games of the 2003 season after testing positive for the banned substance ephedra, and has not played since that season.", "\"Michael Kidd-Gilchrist\"\nrebounds leading the way for a Hornets team that went 10–4 during the month. Kidd-Gilchrist scored in double figures in 10 of 14 January games and also recorded five double-doubles, which was just one shy of matching his career best for an entire season. He later missed a pair of games right before the All-Star Break with a hamstring strain and sat out Charlotte's final 11 games because of a sprained left ankle he suffered against the Washington Wizards on March 27. Despite a career-low 55 games, Kidd-Gilchrist averaged personal bests in points (10.9) and rebounds (7.6). On August 26,", "\"2016 Charlotte 49ers football team\"\n2016 Charlotte 49ers football team The 2016 Charlotte 49ers football team represented the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (also called Charlotte or UNC Charlotte) in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the school's fourth season of NCAA football, their second season of NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) play, and their second season as a member of Conference USA's East Division. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Brad Lambert and played its home games on campus at Jerry Richardson Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. This was the first season the 49ers were", "\"2016 Charlotte 49ers football team\"\n2016 Charlotte 49ers football team The 2016 Charlotte 49ers football team represented the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (also called Charlotte or UNC Charlotte) in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the school's fourth season of NCAA football, their second season of NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) play, and their second season as a member of Conference USA's East Division. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Brad Lambert and played its home games on campus at Jerry Richardson Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. This was the first season the 49ers were", "\"David Lee (basketball)\"\nhis double digit scoring streak at 123 games with 8 points in a 91-75 loss to the Charlotte Bobcats. Lee suffered a strained left hamstring in the final game of the preseason, which sidelined him for 24 out of the first 25 games of the season. Lee was replaced in the Warriors' starting lineup by Draymond Green, who continued to start even after Lee recovered. The highest-paid player on the Warriors roster at $15 million, Lee became a reserve for the first time since early in his career. On January 27, 2015, he scored a season-high 24 points in a", "\"Esmailin Caridad\"\ninnings. Caridad made the Opening Day roster for Chicago, but was placed on the disabled list on April 14 with a right forearm strain. Caridad was activated on May 8, and Jeff Gray, who was recalled when Caridad went on the disabled list, was optioned to Iowa. However, Caridad was placed on the disabled list on May 19 with a right elbow strain. On September 7, Caridad was transferred to the 60-day disabled list, ending his season. In 8 appearances, Caridad went 0-1 with an 11.25 ERA, while striking out 4 in 4 innings. Caridad spent the next 3 seasons", "\"2012–13 Dallas Mavericks season\"\nof the preseason because of a right knee effusion. Both missed the next two preseason games against Houston and Phoenix. On October 19, 2012 it was announced that Nowitzki underwent arthroscopic surgery on his right knee and missed games until late December. Chris Kaman had a strained calf and missed the preseason games against Atlanta, the New Orleans and the rest of preseason action. He was also out the first two games of the regular season. Brandan Wright was out against Charlotte due to a twisted ankle. Beaubois missed the games against Charlotte, Portland and Toronto because he twisted his", "\"Philip Nastu\"\n6 games, pitching six innings, finishing his MLB career on October 3, 1980. In the off season, he was traded along with infielder Joe Strain to the Chicago Cubs in exchange for outfielders Jesús Figueroa and Jerry Martin, and minor league infielder/outfielder Mike Turgeon as a player to be named later. Nastu's last professional appearances came in 1981 and 1982 when he played for the Midland Cubs, the AA affiliate of the Chicago Cubs in the Texas League, and the Charlotte O's, the AA affiliate of the Baltimore Orioles in the Southern League. , or Retrosheet, or Pelota Binaria (Venezuelan", "\"Charlotte Bilbault\"\nCharlotte Bilbault Charlotte Bilbault (born 5 June 1990 in Saint-Doulchard) is a French football player who currently plays French club Paris FC of the Division 1 Féminine. She is a former graduate of the women's section of the Clairefontaine academy and plays as a defensive midfielder. Bilbault joined her current club ahead of the 2010–11 season after one season with first division club Nord Allier Yzeure. She is a former women's youth international for France having represented her nation at under-17, under-19, and under-20 level. Bilbault featured with the under-20 teams that played at the 2008 and 2010 editions of", "\"Sports in North Carolina\"\nin the middle of the season and renamed the Charlotte Hornets (although the team was referred to as the Charlotte Stars for the first game in Charlotte). The National Football League (NFL) is represented by the Carolina Panthers, who began play in 1995, and call Charlotte's Bank of America Stadium home. North Carolina was home to the Charlotte Rage and the Carolina Cobras of the Arena Football League. Since 2017, Boone has been home to the High Country Grizzlies of the American Arena League. Pinehurst Resort, a world-famous golf resort, is located in the Sandhills and has played host to", "\"Rocco Romeo\"\nRocco Romeo Antonio Rocco Romeo (born 25 March 2000) is a Canadian professional soccer player who plays as a defender for Toronto FC II in the United Soccer League. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Romeo was part of the Toronto FC youth system. He played 17 games for TFC Academy during the 2016 season and 15 games during the 2017 season, scoring once against Toronto Skillz. On 4 September 2016, Romeo made his debut for Toronto FC II, the reserve team of Toronto FC, in the United Soccer League against Charlotte Independence. He came on as a 62nd minute substitute for", "\"Trevor Carrick\"\nTrevor Carrick Trevor Carrick (born July 4, 1994) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays within the Carolina Hurricanes in the National Hockey League (NHL). Carrick was selected by the Hurricanes in the fourth round, 115th overall, in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. Carrick played major junior hockey in the Ontario Hockey League with the Mississauga St. Michael's Majors, Mississauga Steelheads and the Sudbury Wolves. On December 18, 2013, Carrick was signed to a three-year entry-level contract with the Carolina Hurricanes. Carrick had a breakout season with the Charlotte Checkers during the 2015–16 season. He recorded a", "\"2014–15 Charlotte 49ers men's basketball team\"\n2014–15 Charlotte 49ers men's basketball team The 2014–15 Charlotte 49ers men's basketball team represented the University of North Carolina at Charlotte during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The 49ers, led by fifth head coach Alan Major, played their home games at the Dale F. Halton Arena and were members Conference USA. Major took an indefinite leave of absence January 6 for medical issues and was replaced by assistant coach Ryan Odom who finished the season as interim head coach. After the season ended, Major and the University agreed to mutually part ways . They finished the season", "\"2016 Washington Nationals season\"\nahead of only the Braves and Milwaukee Brewers amid poor performances at the plate from center fielder Michael A. Taylor, left fielder Jayson Werth, and first baseman Ryan Zimmerman, despite strong hitting from Harper and second baseman Daniel Murphy, an off-season acquisition who hit in 12 straight games during the month and had 11 multi-hit games. The team also suffered injuries to regular players, with Ben Revere, acquired in the off-season to play center field, straining his oblique during his first at-bat of the season on April 4 and ending up on the disabled list, and reliever Matt Belisle, another", "\"2015 Charlotte 49ers football team\"\n2015 Charlotte 49ers football team The 2015 Charlotte 49ers football team represented the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (also called Charlotte or UNC Charlotte) in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the school's third overall season of NCAA football, their first season of NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) play, and their first season as a member of Conference USA for football. The team was led by third-year head coach Brad Lambert and played its home games on campus at Jerry Richardson Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. As part of their transition to FBS", "\"Poppy (entertainer)\"\non her own. She appears to have developed a drug and jealousy problem after Poppy became famous, which strains their relationship, although Charlotte became Poppy's opening act for her 2017–2018 \"\"Poppy.Computer\"\" Tour. Other characters include Charlotte's son, a boy mannequin who has taken the brunt of abuse at the hands of his mother during a drugged stupor; Plant (voiced by Sinclair), a potted basil plant who is one of Poppy's closest friends and biggest supporter; and Skeleton (also voiced by Sinclair), a plastic model skeleton who is revealed as Charlotte's drug dealer. The channel also has an animated promotional miniseries", "\"Charlotte Bilbault\"\nthe FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. Charlotte Bilbault Charlotte Bilbault (born 5 June 1990 in Saint-Doulchard) is a French football player who currently plays French club Paris FC of the Division 1 Féminine. She is a former graduate of the women's section of the Clairefontaine academy and plays as a defensive midfielder. Bilbault joined her current club ahead of the 2010–11 season after one season with first division club Nord Allier Yzeure. She is a former women's youth international for France having represented her nation at under-17, under-19, and under-20 level. Bilbault featured with the under-20 teams that played at", "\"Brendan Rodgers\"\nlikes his team to put a lot of pressure on the opposing team. His Liverpool team during the 2013–14 season interchanged from 4–5–1 to 3–5–2 to 4–4–2 to 4–3–3 to a diamond formation. Steven Gerrard described Rodgers' one-on-one management as the best he has seen. Rodgers separated from his wife Susan in the summer of 2014 and divorced in December 2015. The couple have two children, a son, Anton, who plays as a midfielder for Hungerford Town, and a daughter, Mischa. Rodgers got engaged to Charlotte Searle in February 2016. They married in June 2017. In June 2011, Rodgers joined", "\"Sex and the City (season 4)\"\nsignificantly to the series plotlines. Chris Noth reprised his role as Mr. Big, a sly businessman who at this point remains friends with Carrie despite their previous romantic relationships. David Eigenberg portrayed Miranda's on-off boyfriend, bar owner and father of her child Steve Brady. Willie Garson played entertainment manager and Carrie's gay friend Stanford Blatch. Kyle MacLachlan appeared as Trey MacDougal, a doctor with Scottish ancestry and Charlotte's nearly impotent husband. John Corbett reprised his role as Aidan Shaw, a carpenter, bar owner and Carrie's boyfriend-turned-fiancé. Mario Cantone returns to the series as a recurring guest actor, portraying Charlotte's gay", "\"Charlotte Lewis (Lost)\"\naired. Mader was excited when she discovered that Charlotte grew up on the island, and hoped to have scenes with Nestor Carbonell who plays Richard Alpert, as his character also has a history on the island. However, when negotiating contracts in June 2008 she found out that her character would die during season five; Mader summed up Charlotte's season five arc as her demise. Charlotte's death scene was written by Eddy Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and was amongst their favourite scenes they wrote during season five. Horowitz loved the emotion in the scene due to the audience only just learning", "\"Leonard Colebrook\"\nhaemolytic streptococcus in childbirth and hence a cure for puerperal fever. His use of Prontosil was the first clinical trial of any antibiotic, that demonstrated a reduction in death rates from 1 in 4 to 1 in 20. His sister Dora Colebrook was a bacteriologist, also working at Queen Charlotte's Hospital, London. She investigated the source of the streptococcal infections within the hospital. After collecting samples of the bacteria from patients, their families and hospital staff, she used immunology to identify individual strains. This showed that the strains causing puerperal sepsis were not special but were the same ones present", "\"Sex and the City (season 4)\"\na fashionable middle aged woman who writes about sex and life in New York City in her column, \"\"Sex and the City\"\", with the fictional \"\"New York Star\"\". Kim Cattrall played the promiscuous public relations agent Samantha Jones. Kristin Davis portrayed Charlotte York MacDougal, an optimistic, straight laced former art curator who remains the most traditional amongst her friends in terms of relationships and public decorum. Cynthia Nixon acted as the acerbic and sarcastic lawyer Miranda Hobbes, who holds a pessimistic view on relationships and men. The fourth season featured a number of recurring and guest actors whose characters contributed", "\"Top Model (Norway season 4)\"\nThe next day the girls met Triana Iglesias who taught them how to pose in front of a camera. Bambie, Dasha and Charlotte were named the top 3 with Charlotte winning the challenge and receiving a digital camera as a reward. At the photoshoot the girls are photographed as a group in Rococo/Haute Couture style. Facing their first real judging session the girls are introduced to Heidi Sinding-Larsen, editor of \"\"Woman\"\" Magazine who joined Grudt, Leliënhof and Iglesias on the panel. Challenge winner Charlotte found herself in the bottom two, but in a shocking elimination it was Bambie who was", "\"Dallas (1978 TV series)\"\nand Cliff's wife Jamie Ewing Barnes; and Andrew Stevens (seasons 11–12) as Casey Denault, a young hustler who works for J.R., romancing Lucy in order to get to her money. Long-time child characters include J.R.'s and Sue Ellen's son John Ross Ewing III (portrayed for seasons 4–6 by Tyler Banks, and for seasons 7–14 by Omri Katz); Bobby's and Pam's adopted son Christopher Ewing (portrayed by Eric Farlow for seasons 6–8, and by Joshua Harris for seasons 9–14), and Jenna's daughter Charlotte \"\"Charlie\"\" Wade (Shalane McCall, seasons 7–11, also played by Laurie Lynn Myers for a season 2 episode). Among", "\"Secrecy (book)\"\nSecrecy (book) Secrecy is a 1998 novel and \"\"New York Times\"\" bestseller by Belva Plain. It tells the story of Charlotte, a little girl from the Dawes family whose adolescence life was shattered after she was raped by Ted, her uncle's stepson. Charlotte, a precocious and reticent young girl fell in love with her uncle's stepson, Ted, a charming and irresistible eighteen-year-old after a first encounter with him at her uncle's wedding. Meanwhile, Ted's mother Claudia was Charlotte's role model and confidant being that Charlotte's wasn't close to her mother who was epicurean and had a strained relationship with her", "\"1990–91 Charlotte Hornets season\"\n1990–91 Charlotte Hornets season The 1990–91 NBA season was the Charlotte Hornets' third season in the National Basketball Association. After playing one year in the Midwest Division in the Western Conference, the Hornets returned to the Eastern Conference and moved into the Central Division. In the offseason, they signed unrestricted free agent Johnny Newman, who would lead the Hornets in scoring with 16.9 points per game. At midseason, they traded Armen Gilliam to the Philadelphia 76ers for Mike Gminski. The franchise improved seven games over the previous season finishing with 26 wins and 56 losses. However, they finished last place", "\"2016 International League season\"\n2016 International League season The 2016 International League season began on April 7 and ended on September 5, 2016. Following the regular season, the Governors' Cup playoffs were played from September 7–17, 2016. The 2016 Triple-A All-Star Game was held on Wednesday, July 13 at BB&T Ballpark in Charlotte, North Carolina, home of the Charlotte Knights. The International League All-Stars defeated the Pacific Coast League All-Stars, 4–2, for their twelfth win in the series. The Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders defeated the Gwinnett Braves, 3 games to 1, to win their second Governors' Cup. The RailRaiders went on to defeat the El Paso", "\"Charlotte Cobras\"\nof city public employees in the National Public Safety Football League. Charlotte Cobras The Charlotte Cobras were a member of the Major Indoor Lacrosse League (MILL). They were based at Independence Arena in Charlotte, North Carolina and only played during the 1996 season. In October 1995 the MILL announced that Charlotte had been awarded an expansion franchise to begin play for the 1996 season. After failing to win a single game for the season, the MILL folded the franchise in August 1996. The name was later alluded to the name of the Carolina Cobras, which later played in the Arena", "\"Little Caesars Arena\"\nSeptember 5, 2017 with a ribbon cutting ceremony. The Red Wings played their inaugural game at Little Caesars Arena during the preseason against the Boston Bruins on September 23, 2017. They won the game 5–1. They played their first regular season game at the arena on October 5, 2017 against the Minnesota Wild. The Red Wings won the game 4–2. The Pistons played their inaugural game at Little Caesars Arena during the preseason against the Charlotte Hornets on October 4, 2017. They lost the game 108–106. Their regular season home opener, also against the Hornets, was played on October 18,", "\"2013 Charlotte 49ers football team\"\ncurrent maximum standing room capacity of Jerry Richardson Stadium. They also exceeded the stadium's maximum seating capacity 4 times during the season. As the 49ers inaugural season, team and individual records were set for the first time in 2013. 2013 Charlotte 49ers football team The 2013 Charlotte 49ers football team represented the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (also called Charlotte or UNC Charlotte) in the 2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season. 2013 was the inaugural season for 49ers football and they were classified as an FCS independent school, meaning they had no athletic conference affiliation for the 2013", "\"Charlotte County Redfish\"\nCharlotte County Redfish The Charlotte County Redfish were a short-lived minor league baseball team based in Port Charlotte, Florida. The club was a member of the South Coast League and played their home games at Charlotte County Stadium. The club was slated to have 45 home games, however the Redfish played host to nine more when the Bradenton Juice were not permitted to use Robert C. Wynn Baseball Field after just four home dates. The Redfish began the season managed by Jackie Hernández, who had helped the Pittsburgh Pirates win the 1971 World Series. However Hernández was replaced after just", "\"1969–70 Carolina Cougars season\"\nChaparrals at Greensboro Coliseum, with Carolina winning 108–97. The team finished 3rd in the six team Eastern Division. While they finished last in average points scored per game (106.8), they were 1st in points allowed per game (107). In the Playoffs, the Cougars faced off against the Indiana Pacers (with Game 3 being played in Charlotte and Game 4 played in Raleigh), but the Cougars lost the series in four games. Eastern Division Semifinals vs Carolina Cougars \"\"Cougars lose series, 4–0\"\" 1970 ABA All-Star Game played on January 24, 1970 1969–70 Carolina Cougars season The 1969–70 Carolina Cougars season was", "\"Scott Carroll\"\nplayed for the Class A Lynchburg Hillcats and the Mudcats, going a combined 4-11 with a 3.36 ERA in 5 games at Lynchburg and 20 at Carolina. He received a non-roster invitation to spring training for 2011. During the 2012 season, Carroll was released by the Reds and signed with the White Sox. Carroll pitched in one game with the White Sox Double-A Birmingham before being promoted to the Sox Triple-A affiliate Charlotte. Carroll was a combined 4-6 with an ERA of 4.48 and 65 strikeouts in 35 games between Louisville, Birmingham and Charlotte. Carroll spent most of the 2013", "\"Warrandyte Cricket Club\"\nWhite, Alan Woolcock. All team members aside from Allan Chapman, who died in 1981, were honoured at a function on 25 November 2000. The 3 seasons from 1998/99 to 2000/01 were also particularly taxing, with none of the 4 senior grades reaching higher than 9th on the ladder. This caused a tremendous strain on morale, causing many players to lose interest, and the 4th XI were often playing short and sometimes forfeiting altogether. An RDCA condition at the time was for a club to remain in the top grade of Chandler Shield, it must field a minimum of 4 sides.", "\"2016 Charlotte 49ers football team\"\nDuke had 5 receptions for 54 yards and a touchdown. Game notes: The Phoenix were looking to spoil the 49ers' home opener, but Charlotte got revenge for their first loss of the 2014 season. Top performers for the game were Charlotte quarterback Kevin Olsen, who passed for 155 yards and 3 touchdowns. Elon rusher Brandon Gentry had 9 carries for 56 yards and a touchdown. Charlotte's Austin Duke had 4 receptions for 103 yards and a touchdown. Game notes: The 49ers hosted their first opponents from the MAC when the Eagles visited Charlotte for the first time. Top performers for", "\"Rhona Mitra\"\n2017, she played Charlotte in the fourth season of \"\"The Strain\"\" TV Series. in 2018, Mitra was cast as Mercy Graves in The CW television series \"\"Supergirl\"\". Rhona Mitra was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award in 2006 from \"\"Boston Legal\"\" TV Series. She was also nominated in 2009 for Scream Awards for Best Actress from \"\"\"\". Rhona Mitra Rhona Natasha Mitra (born 9 August 1976) is an English actress, model, singer, and songwriter of half-Indian, half-Irish descent. Mitra began her career as a model. She came to prominence as the Lara Croft model between 1997 and 1998. After", "\"2018 Charlotte Hounds season\"\n2018 Charlotte Hounds season The 2018 Charlotte Hounds season was the seventh season for the Charlotte Hounds of Major League Lacrosse. The Hounds started the season 4-0 for the first time in franchise history, highlighted by a 25-7 Week 1 mauling over the Boston Cannons and two victories over the defending champion Ohio Machine. However, the Hounds struggled to the finish line, finishing at 7-7 and being eliminated from the playoffs in the penultimate week of the regular season. For the second season in a row, the Hounds finished last in attendance at 1,364 fans a game. In 2017, the", "\"2016 International League season\"\nChihuahuas, 3–1, in the 2016 Triple-A Baseball National Championship Game at AutoZone Park in Memphis, Tennessee. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> 2016 International League season The 2016 International League season began on April 7 and ended on September 5, 2016. Following the regular season, the Governors' Cup playoffs were played from September 7–17, 2016. The 2016 Triple-A All-Star Game was held on Wednesday, July 13 at BB&T Ballpark in Charlotte, North Carolina, home of the Charlotte Knights. The International League All-Stars defeated the Pacific Coast League All-Stars, 4–2, for their twelfth win in the series. The Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders defeated the Gwinnett Braves, 3", "\"History of the Charlotte Hornets\"\nand Jason Kapono. They also drafted talented European players such as Predrag Drobnjak, Sasha Pavlović, and Zaza Pachulia, however they would be cut before the season opener and never played a game in a Bobcat uniform. Shortly after, they traded with the Los Angeles Clippers to acquire the second pick in the 2004 NBA draft, which they used to select Emeka Okafor, a center from Connecticut. The Bobcats' first game of the 2004–05 season took place on November 4 at the Charlotte Coliseum, and was a 103–96 loss to the Washington Wizards. Two days later, they won their first game", "\"Mark Price\"\nCharlotte 49ers. He replaced Coach Alan Major, who parted ways with Charlotte after two medical leaves during the past season. On December 14, 2017, it was announced that Mark Price was relieved of his duties as head coach of the Charlotte 49ers basketball program. Mark Price William Mark Price (born February 15, 1964) is an American former basketball player and coach. He was most recently the head coach of the UNC Charlotte 49ers. As a player, he played for 12 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), from 1986 to 1998. Spending the majority of his career with the Cleveland", "\"Kurt Gouveia\"\nthe safeties coach and co-special teams coordinator at Brevard College. Gouveia is of Portuguese and Hawaiian descent. Kurt is married to Julie Anne Gouveia They have a 20-year-old son Dalton Olamana Gouveia who currently plays LB for The University Of Hawaii Rainbow Warriors Football Team, Dalton attended Charlotte Christian high school in Charlotte NC class of 2015 Kurt Gouveia Kurt Keola Gouveia (born September 14, 1964) is a former professional American football linebacker who played 13 seasons in the National Football League and one season in the XFL. During his career, he played for the Washington Redskins (1986–1994; 1999), the", "\"Frank Tripucka\"\nif the Broncos were to sign him. On March 20, 2012, at a press conference announcing his signing by the Broncos, John Elway thanked Tripucka \"\"for allowing the franchise to unretire the number for Manning.\"\" On March 7, 2016, the #18 jersey returned to retirement when Manning announced that he was retiring after 18 professional seasons (4 seasons with the Broncos). He is the father of former Notre Dame and Detroit Pistons basketball star Kelly Tripucka who also played for the Utah Jazz and the Charlotte Hornets. He is also the grandfather of football players Shane Tripucka and Travis Tripucka", "\"North Carolina Tar Heels men's lacrosse\"\nto be named a finalist for the annual Tewaaraton award given to the best college lacrosse player. Attackman Jed Prossner was UNC's first finalist in 2004. Major League Lacrosse (MLL) currently has eight teams. The 2013 season starts at the end of April and ends in August. There are four former UNC players who played for MLL teams in the 2012 season. Billy Bitter (attack, UNC '11) and Ryan Flanagan (defenseman, UNC '11) played for the Charlotte Hounds in the 2012 season. Flanagan is currently on the Charlotte Hounds roster for the 2013 season. Ben Hunt (midfielder, UNC '09) and", "\"History of the Charlotte Hornets\"\ninaugural season the Hornets were led by ex-Pistons guard Kelly Tripucka, who provided instant offense and was Charlotte's top scorer for the franchise's first two seasons. Other notable players included sharpshooting rookie and first-ever draft choice Rex Chapman, a long-distance scoring threat, and floor general Muggsy Bogues, the shortest player in NBA history at 5'3\"\". The Hornets' first NBA game took place on November 4, 1988, at the Charlotte Coliseum, and was a 133–93 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers. The opening night lineup included Tripucka, Kurt Rambis, Dave Hoppen, Robert Reid, and Rickey Green. Four days later, the team notched", "\"Jannero Pargo\"\nthe Charlotte Bobcats were renamed the Hornets. On July 25, 2014, Pargo re-signed with the Charlotte Hornets to a reported fully guaranteed one-year, $1.45 million contract. In his 2014–15 season debut on November 9, 2014, he became the first modern-day player to play for both the New Orleans Hornets and Charlotte Hornets franchises. On February 4, 2015, he was waived by the Hornets. On February 2, 2016, Pargo was acquired by the Oklahoma City Blue, and after rehabbing a left ankle sprain, he joined the team in March 31. That night, he made his debut for the Blue in a", "\"2018 Charlotte 49ers football team\"\nseason. Lambert, who was the first and only coach Charlotte had in their history to that point, finished with a six-year record of 22–48. The 49ers finished the 2017 season 1–11, 1–7 in C-USA play to finish in last place in the East Division. Following the disappointing one win season, there was speculation that Brad Lambert would be released. Charlotte Chancellor Phillip Dubois and athletics director Judy Rose issued a statement just days after the final game informing the community that Lambert would be retained for the following season. Lambert shook up his staff, firing defensive coordinator Matt Wallerstedt, quarterbacks", "\"2018 Charlotte Hounds season\"\nHounds posted the league's worst attendance for the first time in franchise history at just under 1,600 a game. This is a drop from their peak in their inaugural 2012 season in which they averaged over 5,700 fans a game. 2018 Charlotte Hounds season The 2018 Charlotte Hounds season was the seventh season for the Charlotte Hounds of Major League Lacrosse. The Hounds started the season 4-0 for the first time in franchise history, highlighted by a 25-7 Week 1 mauling over the Boston Cannons and two victories over the defending champion Ohio Machine. However, the Hounds struggled to the", "\"Charlotte Checkers (1956–77)\"\nnotable players for the Baltimore Clippers/Charlotte Rebels (1954–56), Charlotte Clippers (1956–60) and Charlotte Checkers (1960–77) Combined season-by-season record for: \"\"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against\"\" Charlotte Checkers (1956–77) The Charlotte Checkers were a minor league professional ice hockey team based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team began in 1954 in the Eastern Hockey League as the Baltimore Clippers. When the arena in Baltimore burned down, the team briefly played as the Charlotte Rebels, before permanently relocating to the Charlotte Coliseum in", "\"Charlotte 49ers football\"\nthe Student Senate and administered in collaboration with the University's IT Department. Despite the possibility of potential rises in student fees, the vote clearly displayed a student interest in a football team. The program began play during the 2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season. In 1946, 22 young men began practice as the Charlotte Center of the University of North Carolina Owl's first athletic program: a football team. The team finished the season 2–4, with wins over Pembroke State and Belmont Abbey, and losses to Davidson JV, Catawba College JV, and Clemson's \"\"B\"\" team. The team hosted 2 home", "\"ACC Championship Game\"\nconsecutive years and are 10–4 in the game overall. The Coastal teams won for four consecutive years from 2007 to 2010 but have not won since. The ACC Championship Game is held at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina each year, after being held in Florida (Jacksonville and Tampa) for its first five years. It is to remain a permanent fixture in Charlotte through at least 2030. Before the 2004 college football season, the Atlantic Coast Conference determined its champion via round-robin play during the course of the regular season and there was no conference championship game. In", "\"Luis Castillo (second baseman)\"\non July 28 and did not come back to the major leagues until the next season. Due to this, he did not play for the Marlins during the 1997 World Series. Castillo remained with the Charlotte Knights until being recalled to the Marlins on August 4, 1998. While in Charlotte, he had a streak of 32 consecutive games reaching base safely. With the Marlins, his highest hit streak was eight games, between August 14 and August 19. By the end of the season, he was third among Marlins minor leaguers in stolen bases, and a .203 batting average, 3 stolen", "\"Isaac Cowles\"\nReal Colorado Foxes and Carolina Dynamo. Upon graduating from Charlotte, he played one season of professional soccer with the Charlotte Eagles in the now-called USL Championship. Cowles made three appearances with the club. Isaac Cowles Isaac Cowles (born April 18, 1990) is a former American soccer player who last played with the Charlotte Eagles. He is currently a graphic designer. Cowles was a four year starter at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. With the 49ers, he helped the program reach the final match of the 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, where he was named the tournament's", "\"Sean Doctor\"\nWLAF during the 1991 season. Doctor played for the AFL's Charlotte Rage in 1993. He played for the Buffalo Destroyers of the AFL in 1999. Sean Doctor Sean P. Doctor (born July 10, 1966) is a former American football running back who played two seasons in the Arena Football League (AFL) with the Charlotte Rage and Buffalo Destroyers. He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the sixth round of the 1989 NFL Draft. He played college football at Marshall University. Sean Doctor was also a member of the Raleigh–Durham Skyhawks of the World League of American Football (WLAF). Doctor", "\"Miami Heat\"\nhistory to win the Finals MVP and league MVP back-to-back along with Jordan. Miami struggled throughout the 2013–14 season with extended absences of Dwyane Wade, who only played 54 games to injury and ended on a 11–14 record entering the playoffs. They entered the playoffs as the Eastern Conference 2nd seed with a record of 54–28 team, and with the \"\"Big 3\"\" healthy. They went 12–3 in the first 3 rounds. They swept the Charlotte Bobcats. They then beat the Brooklyn Nets 4–1. They went on to play the 1st seeded 56–26 Pacers in the Conference Finals, in a rematch", "\"Charlotte Speed\"\nCharlotte Speed The Charlotte Speed were a professional indoor football team based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team was to have become a member of the Professional Indoor Football League, but their membership was revoked before the 2013 season started. The Carolina Speed began in the American Indoor Football Association where they played from 2007 thru 2009 in Concord, North Carolina. After sitting out the 2010 season, the Speed came back in 2011 and played in the Southern Indoor Football League. The SIFL folded after the 2011 season, and the Speed did not play in 2012. The owner was Eddie", "\"Charlotte's web (cannabis)\"\nor failure of treatment. In January 2018, it was reported that trials with Epidiolex, a high-CBD pharmaceutical, had been successful enough that it might be \"\"available as soon as the second half of 2018 in the United States, pending Food and Drug Administration approval.\"\"<ref name=\"\"Cha_1/24/2018\"\"></ref> Charlotte's web (cannabis) Charlotte's Web is a high-cannabidiol (CBD), low-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) \"\"Cannabis\"\" strain marketed as a dietary supplement under federal law of the United States. It is produced by the Stanley brothers in Colorado. It does not induce the psychoactive \"\"high\"\" typically associated with recreational marijuana strains that are high in THC. In September 2014,", "\"Charlotte Knights\"\nCharlotte Knights The Charlotte Knights are a professional Minor League Baseball team in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team, which plays in the International League, is the Triple-A affiliate of the Chicago White Sox of the American League. The Knights play at BB&T Ballpark located in Uptown Charlotte. Professional baseball in Charlotte dates to 1892, with the formation of the Charlotte Hornets. The 1892 Hornets played in the South Atlantic League, but only lasted one season. A new team, the Charlotte \"\"Presbyterians\"\" played in 1900, but just a year later, a new \"\"Charlotte Hornets\"\" baseball team formed. They were an independent", "\"2010–11 Dallas Mavericks season\"\nNBA Finals. During the Finals against Miami, Brendan Haywood missed Game 3 due to a strained right hip flexor. He returned to play Game 4, but could not move well and only played a few minutes. 2010–11 Dallas Mavericks season The 2010–11 Dallas Mavericks season was the 31st season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). This season would prove to be the most successful season for the Mavericks. In the playoffs, the Mavericks defeated the Portland Trail Blazers in six games in the First Round, then swept the defending two-time NBA champion Los Angeles Lakers in four", "\"Warehouse 13 (season 4)\"\nby seven episodes, bringing the total to twenty episodes. On May 15, 2012, Allison Scagliotti announced on Twitter that Season 4 will debut on July 23, 2012. Brent Spiner and Sam Huntington are set to join season four as guest stars, with Spiner to play Brother Adrian, leader of an intensely secretive sect; and Huntington as Ethan, a jazz musician. Aaron Ashmore was upgraded to a series regular in episode three \"\"Personal Effects\"\". For the second half of the season, Polly Walker will appear in several episodes as Charlotte Dupres. In April 2013, it was announced that Anthony Head had", "\"2013–14 Charlotte Checkers season\"\n2013–14 Charlotte Checkers season The 2013–14 Charlotte Checkers season is the franchise's fourth season in the American Hockey League, which began on October 4, 2013. Charlotte remained in the same division after an American Hockey League realignment in the summer of 2013, but it was renamed from the South Division to the West Division. The Checkers unveiled new uniforms for the 2013–14 season, preserving the team's logo and its red, black and white colors, but making several design changes including the removal of a hurricane warning flag strip, new fonts for the letters and numbers, and a greater distinction between", "\"Darren Toby\"\nbefore transferring to the College of Charleston in his sophomore year. Undrafted out of college, Toby signed with the Charlotte Eagles in the USL Second Division in 2008. He made his professional debut on April 19, 2008, in Charlotte's 2008 season opener against Bermuda Hogges. He re-signed for a fourth season with Charlotte on December 6, 2010. Darren, has just finished his 6th season with the Syracuse Silver Knights. Darren Toby Darren Toby (born January 18, 1982 in Lowlands) is a Trinidadian footballer who currently plays for Syracuse Silver Knights in the MISL and Rochester Lancers in the NPSL. Toby", "\"Andrew Poturalski\"\ngames with the Hurricanes, Poturalski was returned to Charlotte to play out the remainder of the year. Following that season, Poturalski was invited to the Hurricanes training camp but began the 2017–18 season with the Checkers after being cut. Andrew Poturalski Andrew Poturalski (born January 14, 1994) is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for the Charlotte Checkers in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). Undrafted, Poturalski played junior hockey in the United States Hockey League with the Cedar Rapids RoughRiders before committing to", "\"Charlotte Checkers (1956–77)\"\nhome to finish the season. The Charlotte Coliseum was completed in 1955, and was offered for games by local businessmen. The Baltimore Clippers played six of the remaining twelve games in Charlotte, using the name Rebels. The first professional hockey game in Charlotte was played on January 30, 1956, attended by 10,363 fans, with approximately 3,000 more unable to find a ticket. The Rebels lost the game 6–2, to the New Haven Blades. The six games played in Charlotte drew over 40,000 fans, prompting the temporary arrangement to become permanent for the following season. The combined record of the Baltimore", "\"1992–93 Boston Celtics season\"\nfinish second in the Atlantic Division with a solid 48–34 record (only 3 games behind the previous year, when Bird was on the team). The Celtics held home court advantage in the first round of the playoffs against the 5th-seeded Charlotte Hornets, but during Game 1 of the series, All-Star forward Reggie Lewis collapsed on the court (Lewis would never again play in a Celtics uniform, and would die before the next season began). Boston held on to win Game 1, but (minus Lewis) lost the next three games, and thus the series. (4) Boston Celtics vs. (5) Charlotte Hornets:" ]

[ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "John DiMaggio" ]

[ "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nBender (Futurama) Bender Bending Rodríguez (designated in-universe as Bending Unit 22, unit number 1,729, serial number 2716057) is a fictional character who is one of the main characters in the animated television series \"\"Futurama\"\". He was created by series creators Matt Groening and David X. Cohen and is voiced by John DiMaggio. He fulfills a comic, antihero-type role in \"\"Futurama\"\" and is described by fellow character Leela as an \"\"alcoholic, whore-mongering, chain-smoking gambler\"\". According to the character's backstory, Bender was built in Tijuana, Mexico (the other characters refer to his \"\"swarthy Latin charm\"\"). Viewers are informed, through his own testimony,", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\na \"\"round peg in a square hole\"\". When casting for \"\"Futurama\"\", Bender's voice was the most difficult to cast, in part because the show's creators had not yet decided what robots should sound like. Because of this, every voice actor who auditioned, no matter for what role, was also asked to read for Bender. After about 300 auditions, even series co-creator Cohen attempted to audition after being told he sounded like a robot. John DiMaggio was eventually chosen for the role after his second audition. DiMaggio originally auditioned using his Bender voice for the role of Professor Farnsworth and used", "Benderama\nof microscopic, maniacally laughing Benders. The episode was written by Aaron Ehasz and directed by Crystal Chesney-Thompson. Before its airing, the first act of the episode was read by the show's voice actors at \"\"Futurama\"\"'s 2010 San Diego Comic Con panel. \"\"Benderama\"\" features an episode of \"\"The Scary Door\"\", \"\"Futurama\"\"'s ongoing parody of anthology television series \"\"The Twilight Zone\"\". Bender says the line, \"\"Hi, I'm Bender, this is my robot Bender and this is my other robot Bender.\"\"; this is a reference to the TV series \"\"Newhart\"\", specifically the character of Larry, who introduced himself and his brothers with the", "\"The Cryonic Woman\"\nThe Cryonic Woman \"\"The Cryonic Woman\"\" is the nineteenth and final episode of the second production season of \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 3, 2000, as the third episode in the third broadcast season. The plot incorporates a cryonics theme. Sarah Silverman does the voice of Fry's on and off girlfriend Michelle (replacing Kath Soucie, who voiced the character in Space Pilot 3000). To entertain themselves, Fry and Bender fly off with the Planet Express Ship. The ship is anchored to the building using an unbreakable diamond tether. As the ship", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\nFuturama: Bender's Big Score Futurama: Bender's Big Score (or Bender's Big Score) is a 2007 American direct-to-video adult animated science fiction comedy-adventure film based on the animated series \"\"Futurama\"\". It was released in the United States on November 27, 2007. It was the first \"\"Futurama\"\" production since the original series finale \"\"The Devil's Hands are Idle Playthings\"\". \"\"Bender's Big Score\"\", along with the three follow-up films, comprise season five of \"\"Futurama\"\", with each film being separated into four episodes of the broadcast season. \"\"Bender's Big Score\"\" made its broadcast premiere on Comedy Central on March 23, 2008. The film was", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\nthe Bender duplicate on auto-destruct and holds him against the duplicate, who explodes, killing the three of them. The explosion singes off some of Lars' clothing, revealing the Bender tattoo. During Lars' funeral, the Planet Express crew learn from Lars' video will that he was actually the time-paradox duplicate of Fry, who had survived Bender's attack in 2012; the fire and smoke changed his appearance and voice. The duplicate Fry froze himself to return to the future and be with Leela. However, when he learned that time travel paradoxes were doomed, he canceled the wedding to spare Leela the pain", "Futurama\nrole of Professor Farnsworth, using the voice he uses to perform Bender, and also auditioned for Bender using a different voice. DiMaggio described Bender's voice as a combination of a sloppy drunk, Slim Pickens and a character his college friend created named \"\"Charlie the sausage-lover\"\". Phil LaMarr voices Hermes Conrad, his son Dwight, Ethan Bubblegum Tate, and Reverend Preacherbot. Lauren Tom voiced Amy Wong, and Tress MacNeille voices Mom and various other characters. Maurice LaMarche voices Kif Kroker and several supporting characters. LaMarche won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 2011 for his performances as Lrrr and Orson", "\"Futurama: Bender's Game\"\nsmashes back out through the screen and into the real world. The DVD features an Audio Commentary, Storyboard Animatic, Futurama Genetics Lab, \"\"Dungeons & Dragons\"\" and Futurama featurette, How to draw \"\"Futurama\"\" in 83 easy steps Featurette, Deleted scene, 3D Model with Animator Discussion, Outtakes, Bender's Anti-Piracy Warning and sneak peek at \"\"\"\". Easter Eggs show David X. Cohen displaying a collection of different Polyhedrons, and extra outtakes of Billy West. The Blu-ray also exclusively features Picture-in-Picture video footage of the commentary. Futurama: Bender's Game Futurama: Bender's Game is a 2008 American direct-to-video adult animated science fantasy comedy film and", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\na voice later used for URL the police robot for Bender. He describes the voice he got the part with as a combination of a sloppy drunk, Slim Pickens, and a character one of his college friends created named \"\"Charlie the sausage-lover\"\". Casting directors liked that he made the character sound like a drunk, rather than an automaton. DiMaggio has noted that he had difficulty singing as Bender in \"\"Hell Is Other Robots\"\" because he was forced to sing the harmony part in a low key. Bender's factory-set height is 5 ft. 6 in. (168 cm); 6 ft. (183 cm)", "\"Jake the Dog\"\nwith Finn, appears in a brief cameo in the \"\"Futurama\"\" episode \"\"Leela and the Genestalk\"\". The two characters are seen suspended in manacles in a dungeon as Bender approaches them. Jake speaks their only line - \"\"What time is it?\"\", to which Bender replies, \"\"Time for you to shut up!\"\" The humor in the cameo is that both Jake and Bender are voiced by the same voice actor, John DiMaggio. Jake, along with Finn, also appear in the \"\"Uncle Grandpa\"\" short \"\"Uncle Grandpa's Grampie Awards\"\", which features in the episode \"\"Pizza Eve\"\". Jake says \"\"This is bunk!\"\" after they don't", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nfor fuel intake and voice communication. In \"\"Bender Gets Made\"\", Bender claims he also has a nose, but he chooses not to wear it. Bender's human-like characteristics are reinforced by his display of behaviors often regarded as exclusive to humans, such as whistling, snoring, having bloodshot eyes, crying, feeling physical attraction, being tickled, dreaming, and belching. Other bending units of the same model as Bender, such as Flexo, share the same hardware design, but differ in terms of their personality and behavior. For example, Flexo shows personality traits similar to those of Bender but is not quite as \"\"evil\"\" as", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\n\"\"Everybody Loves Hypnotoad\"\" episode released with the film, Torgo's Powder is advertised as a parody of HeadOn, stating \"\"Torgo's Powder: apply directly to the buttocks\"\" three times in the same fashion. When the film was aired on Comedy Central, a fake commercial was shown preceding the first break in which a woman dumps some of the powder in a toilet. It appears once in \"\"\"\" on Fry and Bender's kitchen counter, when Bender is washing a pot and is about to jump out of the window. Futurama: Bender's Big Score Futurama: Bender's Big Score (or Bender's Big Score) is a", "\"I Second That Emotion (Futurama)\"\nempathy for Nibbler or the chip ran at triple capacity. Bender retains his 'in-your-face' interface and has apparently learned nothing, while Leela learns that adopting Bender's attitude is often better than being nice. Starting this episode, Tress MacNeille is now credited under a \"\"Starring\"\" role instead of \"\"Guest Star\"\". Maurice LaMarche, former \"\"MADtv\"\" castmembers David Herman and Phil LaMarr, and \"\"King of the Hill\"\" voice actress Lauren Tom, however, remain as guest stars and stay that way for the rest of the series until Season 6 in 2010. I Second That Emotion (Futurama) \"\"I Second That Emotion\"\" is the first", "Futurama\nknew\"\". Katey Sagal voiced Leela, and is the only member of the main cast to voice only one character. The role of Leela was originally assigned to Nicole Sullivan. In an interview in June 2010, Sagal remarked that she did not know that another person was to originally voice Leela until many years after the show first began. John DiMaggio performed the voice of the robot Bender Bending Rodríguez and other, more minor, characters. Bender was the most difficult character to cast, as the show's creators had not decided what a robot should sound like. DiMaggio originally auditioned for the", "\"Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs\"\nYivo's body via golden escalators. This leaves Bender lonely once more and stagnates the robot population, who are built to serve humans. As the robots inherit Earth, everyone else promises never to make contact with other universes. Fry, however, cannot help writing a letter to Bender, which is sent without Yivo knowing. Yivo's body appears like a classic vision of Heaven, with Angels really being harmless birds. Leela does not trust Yivo's motives at first, but when she sees that everyone is happy, she accepts Yivo. Bender receives Fry's letter, which is made out of electro-matter, and decides to set", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nalternate versions of himself that had previously made the same 'trip'). Despite the long wait, it is implied that Bender does not power down, apparently enjoying his own company so much that he does not consider it necessary. However, in one episode, he shows next to no patience as a one-time joke. Although the consumption of alcohol is necessitated by Bender's design and should not be generally viewed as a vice for alcohol-fueled robots, he apparently drinks far more than he needs for energy. His excessive drinking contributes to his characterization as an alcoholic (\"\"Hell Is Other Robots\"\" reveals that", "\"Futurama: Bender's Game\"\nFuturama: Bender's Game Futurama: Bender's Game is a 2008 American direct-to-video adult animated science fantasy comedy film and the third of the four \"\"Futurama\"\" films that make up the show's fifth season. It was released on November 4, 2008 on DVD and Blu-ray. According to the \"\"\"\" DVD commentary, the film, which spoofs \"\"Dungeons & Dragons\"\", was in production when \"\"Dungeons & Dragons\"\" creator, Gary Gygax, died. The film contains a post-credits tribute to Gygax in the form of a title card and a clip of him from the episode \"\"Anthology of Interest I\"\". Elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\nof his inevitable death. Leela forgives “Lars” and reconciles with Fry. Bender removes Lars' tattoo and travels to 2000 to place it on Fry in the cryogenic tube so that the events that transpired \"\"make any sense at all\"\". Upon returning, Bender emerges with all the duplicates from his stealing sprees. Terrified of the paradoxical consequences, Nibbler urges everyone to evacuate the universe before swallowing himself. The Bender duplicates explode and cause a tear in the fabric of space, leading to the events of . In February 2007, \"\"Futurama\"\" co-creator Matt Groening addressed speculation as to whether \"\"Futurama\"\" had been", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nBender. In the episode \"\"Mother's Day\"\", Leela looks through a simulation of a bending unit's sight, which targets potential rubes and then denotes a plan to rob them and leave them in a ditch, implying that all bending robots are somewhat prone to theft and amoral by design. However, another unit, Billy West (named after the series voice actor of the same name), is helpful and kind, though he lives as a farmer on the Moon and insists on not being a bending unit. Bender's serial number, 2716057, can be expressed as the sum of two cubes, which is humorous", "\"Neutopia (Futurama)\"\nNeutopia (Futurama) \"\"Neutopia\"\" is the twentieth episode of the sixth season of the animated sitcom \"\"Futurama\"\", and the premiere of Season 6-B. It is the twentieth episode of the sixth season in production order, and the 108th episode in broadcast order. It aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 23, 2011. Planet Express faces foreclosure and to raise money, Professor Farnsworth, Fry, Bender, Zoidberg, Hermes and Scruffy take advantage of a contract clause to force Leela, Amy, and LaBarbara to pose for a pin-up calendar. This plan does not work out, so the company converts into a", "\"Religion in Futurama\"\nMark Pinsky referred to as a theological turn to the episode which may cause the viewer to need \"\"to be reminded that this is a cartoon and not a divinity school class\"\". By the end of the conversation, Bender's questions still have not been fully answered, and he is left wanting more from the voice than it has given him. The character/entity returned, albeit briefly, in the first of the direct-to-DVD installments, \"\"Bender's Big Score\"\". The episode also sees Fry turning to religion to help locate Bender. Seeking guidance, he visits the First Amalgamated Church. When this fails to help", "\"Rebirth (Futurama)\"\nepisode also marks Frank Marino's directorial debut for \"\"Futurama\"\". Previous to that, Marino had done some timing work on the \"\"Futurama\"\" films, \"\"Drawn Together\"\", and children's cartoons. Bender's plot where he always needed to be partying was challenging for the production team, who attempted to make his actions diverse in different scenes to keep it interesting while simultaneously trying to avoid being too distracting. Zapp Brannigan's return was also a last minute addition, as each draft neglected to explain how he regains his full body. Groening suggested the last minute tag-on. In the original airing, the episode begins with Bender's", "\"A Farewell to Arms (Futurama)\"\nused to select the most optimal cross-section of humanity to take to Mars, where they will restart human civilization. Fry is chosen because of his \"\"lucky pants\"\", while Leela is rejected since Zapp has been chosen to pilot the craft. Before boarding can begin, Fry disguises his boarding ticket as one for Leela and gives it to her while he remains behind on Earth with Bender (who purposefully remains behind to take part in the looting). After reaching Mars, the evacuated humans are greeted by Leo and Inez Wong. Back on Earth, the remaining humans begin looting, as does Bender", "\"Rebirth (Futurama)\"\nthe Cyclophage swallows Bender, believing him to be a cyclops. The device explodes, killing the creature. Bender emerges intact and the Professor declares that Bender expended his excess energy and is now stable. The crew leave to celebrate, and the episode ends with Zapp Brannigan rapidly emerging from the birth machine. On June 9, 2009, 20th Century Fox announced that Comedy Central had picked up the show for 26 new half-hour episodes to begin airing in mid-2010. A smaller writing crew returned. It was originally announced that main voice actors Billy West, John DiMaggio, and Katey Sagal would return as", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nthe crisis is averted, Bender goes into shutdown mode in the Simpsons' basement. Bender was still resting inert in the Simpsons' basement as of 2015 episode \"\"Cue Detective\"\" in which his empty body cavity was used to store the family's cash nest-egg. Bender also makes a background cameo appearance in the \"\"Simpsons\"\" episode \"\"My Fare Lady\"\", holding a shovel and bucket at the end of Homer's dream about \"\"The Jetsons\"\". Bender, along with Professor Farnsworth and Fry, appear in the season finale of \"\"Disenchantment\"\" as a hologram from a crystal ball, within the one-way time machine from the \"\"Futurama\"\" episode", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\ncameos in different episodes of \"\"The Simpsons\"\", another series by Matt Groening. Within \"\"The Simpsons\"\", Bender has appeared in episodes \"\"Future-Drama\"\", \"\"Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"Replaceable You\"\". Bender has also makes a cameo appearance in Matt Groening's latest series \"\"Disenchantment\"\", in the episode \"\"Dreamland Falls\"\". In the \"\"Simpsons\"\"-\"\"Futurama\"\" crossover episode \"\"Simpsorama\"\", Bender travels back in time in the 31st century to Springfield to kill Homer Simpson, whose DNA is tied to the creatures rampaging in the 31st century. Bender ends up befriending Homer before learning that the creatures are in fact Bart's genetic offspring. Once", "\"Philip J. Fry\"\nPhilip J. Fry Philip J. Fry, commonly known simply by his surname Fry, is a fictional character and the protagonist of the animated sitcom \"\"Futurama\"\". He is voiced by Billy West using a version of his own voice as he sounded when he was 25. He is a slacker delivery boy from the 20th century who becomes cryogenically frozen and reawakens in the 30th century to become a delivery boy there with an intergalactic delivery company run by his 30th great nephew, Professor Hubert J. Farnsworth. He is the best friend and roommate of Bender and the boyfriend and later", "\"The Silence of the Clamps\"\ngiving the episode a 6.6/10 rating, felt that \"\"the foundation was weak, making for the first forgettable episode this season.\"\" Maurice LaMarche, who regularly voices Kif Kroker, Clamps, Donbot, Calculon, Morbo, The Hyperchicken, Hedonismbot and The Crushinator, won his second consecutive Emmy for outstanding voice-over performance for this episode. The Silence of the Clamps \"\"The Silence of the Clamps\"\" is the fourteenth episode of the sixth season of the animated sitcom \"\"Futurama\"\", and originally aired July 14, 2011 on Comedy Central. The episode was written by Eric Rogers and directed by Frank Marino. In the episode, Bender witnesses a brutal", "\"Rebirth (Futurama)\"\nvoice announcing that people will forget the series was ever cancelled \"\"by idiots\"\" and later revived \"\"by bigger idiots.\"\" In subsequent airings and on the \"\"Futurama: Volume 5\"\" DVD, Bender instead announces a test of \"\"the Emergency Hypnotoad System\"\" (on the DVD version, the original aired version of the opening can be found as an extra). During the episode there are references to Huey Lewis and \"\"Star Trek\"\" as well as \"\"Frankenstein\"\", \"\"Saturday Night Fever\"\", \"\"The Outer Limits (1995 TV series)\"\", The Terminator, Karma Chameleon and Studio 54. The rebirthing process is very similar to \"\"The Outer Limits\"\" episode \"\"Resurrection\"\"", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\ncloset, referring to them as \"\"cozy\"\", although in later episodes he is shown to have his own individual bedroom, like Fry. Throughout the series, he enters many romantic relationships of varying duration, and is commonly referred to as a womanizer by his friends. He does not seem to discriminate between human women and their robot or \"\"fem-bot\"\" counterparts, and is shown actively pursuing both. Likewise, his taste in fem-bot partners does not seem to be affected by the fem-bot's height or weight, and he is shown numerous times chasing fem-bots of all builds. In \"\"Proposition Infinity\"\", Bender's secret affair with", "\"I Know That Voice\"\nA documentary series with the same title is being developed with segments featuring different voice actors. It is planned to release in 2018, and will continue to work through the interviews from the film. Director Lawrence Shapiro won the Certificate of Merit at the 42nd Annie Awards. I Know That Voice I Know That Voice is a documentary film about American voice acting. It premiered on November 6, 2013, at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre. It is narrated by John DiMaggio, the voice of Bender on \"\"Futurama\"\" and Jake on \"\"Adventure Time\"\", and stars DiMaggio and many other voice actors, including Billy", "\"A Tale of Two Santas\"\nvoice was provided by Maurice LaMarche. \"\"Futurama\"\" executive producer David X. Cohen referred to this episode as \"\"Futurama\"\"'s lost episode due to the delays in its initial broadcast. Fox Network decided the episode was not appropriate for its 7 p.m. time slot (due to the one use of strong language and scenes of violence, though, according to the DVD commentary, the only extreme violence in this episode is the scenes of destruction when Bender and Robot Santa are terrorizing New New York) and the episode was delayed for a year before being scheduled to air in a later time slot", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nAmy asked why they had to fix him, after being met with a brief period of uncertain silence, Leela responded with \"\"Those arguments aside, we're still going.\"\" Amy and Bender date for a time in \"\"Proposition Infinity\"\"; the relationship becomes so serious that Bender proposes to Amy and participates in a campaign to legalize human/robot marriage, although the relationship ends after he realizes that such marriage rights would necessitate monogamy. Despite his often immoral attitude, he does not lack a soft side; he can feel guilt and remorse over his actions if he goes too far (even by his own", "\"Religion in Futurama\"\ncalled 'Robanukah' appear in several episodes, as well, though it is heavily implied that Bender makes up this holiday to avoid work. In the Futurama Holiday Spectacular, the Robanukah story involves a pair of fembots who must wrestle in petroleum oil for six and a half weeks. When the oil, which was predicted to last only four and a half weeks, lasts for 500 million years, Bender declares it a Robanukah miracle. The First Amalgamated Church is a syncretic denomination of several mainstream religions extant in the 21st-century, and is referenced in several episodes. The church and one of its", "\"Bender Gets Made\"\nBender Gets Made \"\"Bender Gets Made\"\" is the thirteenth episode in the second production season of the American animated television series \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 30, 2000. The Planet Express crew attends a taping of Elzar's television show, much to the joy of Bender, who enjoys cooking. Bender continually disrupts Elzar in the middle of the show, until Elzar accidentally sprays Leela in the eye with his spice weasel. Leela, who is now temporarily blinded, is forced to wear an eye patch to protect her eye until it is healed.", "\"Futurama (video game)\"\nmusic composition provided by Christopher Tyng who also composed the music in the series and \"\"Futurama\"\" scriptwriter and producer J. Stewart Burns who scripted an original storyline for the plot. The music during the end credits of the game is later used in the four straight-to-DVD \"\"Futurama\"\" films; in the extended intro of \"\"Bender's Big Score\"\", and rearranged versions during the end credits of the subsequent three films. \"\"Futurama\"\" received \"\"mixed\"\" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Gameplay was generally considered lackluster, though the cutscenes were described in Wired as \"\"side-splitting\"\". \"\"Maxim\"\" gave the game a score of", "\"I Know That Voice\"\nI Know That Voice I Know That Voice is a documentary film about American voice acting. It premiered on November 6, 2013, at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre. It is narrated by John DiMaggio, the voice of Bender on \"\"Futurama\"\" and Jake on \"\"Adventure Time\"\", and stars DiMaggio and many other voice actors, including Billy West, Tara Strong, Tom Kenny, Grey DeLisle, June Foray, Rachael MacFarlane, Mark Hamill, Ed Asner, Robin Atkin Downes, and Pamela Adlon. The following voice actors, directors and staff were interviewed in the documentary: DiMaggio noted that he had logged 150 interviews and over 160 hours of film.", "Benderama\nBenderama \"\"Benderama\"\" is the seventeenth episode of season six of the animated sitcom \"\"Futurama\"\", and originally aired June 23, 2011 on Comedy Central. The episode was written by Aaron Ehasz and directed by Crystal Chesney-Thompson. American comedian Patton Oswalt guest stars in the episode, voicing an \"\"unattractive giant monster\"\". In the episode, Bender duplicates himself into two smaller copies in order to avoid work. However, the duplicates also want to avoid work, so they create their own smaller duplicates, resulting in a vast number of increasingly smaller copies of Bender ultimately threatening to consume all of the matter on Earth.", "\"Politics in Futurama\"\ninclude voting and participating in the political process. In \"\"A Head In The Polls\"\", Fry debates if he should vote, saying \"\"like one vote ever made a difference” after which Leela tells him about a robot candidate who won an election by one vote. Later in the episode, neither Fry, Bender, or Leela end up voting after Fry and Leela forgot Bender meanwhile cannot vote as he is a registered felon, and Nixon, with a \"\"gigantic missile-firing bionic body\"\" wins the presidency by one robot vote. The \"\"Futurama\"\" universe has a cooperative interplanetary organization known as the Democratic Order of", "\"John DiMaggio\"\n\"\"I Know That Voice\"\", a documentary about the world of voice acting, along with producer Tommy Reid and director Lawrence Shapiro. DiMaggio lives in Los Angeles, California. He is married to voice actress Kate Miller. <!-- NEED SOURCE John DiMaggio John DiMaggio (; born September 4, 1968) is an American voice actor and comedian. His voice features as Bender in \"\"Futurama\"\", Jake the Dog on \"\"Adventure Time\"\", Marcus Fenix in the \"\"Gears of War\"\" series, Dr. Drakken on \"\"Kim Possible\"\", Brother Blood on \"\"Teen Titans\"\", Sandman and Hammerhead on \"\"The Spectacular Spider-Man\"\", Aquaman in \"\"\"\", the Scotsman on \"\"Samurai Jack\"\",", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\nto use the bathroom. Another Bender from \"\"way at the end\"\" then appears, opens Fry's cryogenic tube and puts the tattoo on his butt. When Fry arrives, the first duplicate of Bender inadvertently initiates a self-destruct sequence as a result of not going to the bathroom. Fry shoves that Bender into another tube, then escapes. The original Bender spends the next twelve years hunting Fry, finally catching up to him and seemingly killing him by blowing up his apartment. Bender reports his success to the scammers, who then erase the time code and the virus. The crew holds a memorial", "Benderama\nwrote that the writers should refrain from reusing what he called \"\"'Bender uses experiment x' storylines\"\", adding \"\"There are only so many ways to reuse a plot and I don't want to see this series go downhill before its time.\"\" Benderama \"\"Benderama\"\" is the seventeenth episode of season six of the animated sitcom \"\"Futurama\"\", and originally aired June 23, 2011 on Comedy Central. The episode was written by Aaron Ehasz and directed by Crystal Chesney-Thompson. American comedian Patton Oswalt guest stars in the episode, voicing an \"\"unattractive giant monster\"\". In the episode, Bender duplicates himself into two smaller copies in", "\"Futurama: Bender's Game\"\n\"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" and George Lucas' \"\"Star Wars\"\" are also parodied. The title of the film is a pun on the book \"\"Ender's Game\"\" by Orson Scott Card, though the \"\"Futurama\"\" film has \"\"very little to do with the subject material\"\" of the book. Conversely, the 1985 book also used \"\"Bender\"\" as a mocking pun for \"\"Ender\"\", but Matt Groening stated this is not the original inspiration for Bender's name. Ignoring Professor Farnsworth's orders to conserve fuel due to a rise in dark matter prices, Leela borrows the \"\"Planet Express Ship\"\" to enter a demolition derby after being", "\"Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs\"\nemotion that does not share itself with the world. Bender shares his own love with Fry and Leela by giving them a big hug, which actually strangles them. \"\"Futurama\"\"s common opening sequence and opening caption are present in the film as in all its episodes, though unlike the first film the opening sequence is not extended for a cast list. The opening subtitle reads \"\"The proud result of prison labor\"\" and the opening cartoon consists of a short black-and-white cartoon after the normal sequence. However, rather than immediately crash through the large television billboard, the Planet Express Ship is absorbed", "\"Assie Come Home\"\ngave this episode a C+. Max Nicholson of IGN gave the episode a 7.5/10 \"\"Good\"\" rating, saying \"\"Bender's ass took center stage in this week's \"\"Futurama\"\", and it actually kinda worked.\"\" \"\"Cinema Blend\"\" states that while the \"\"Lassie\"\" spoofing episode isn't terrible, it lacks the qualities that make \"\"Futurama\"\" special. Assie Come Home \"\"Assie Come Home\"\" is the twenty-first episode of the seventh season of the animated sitcom \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on Comedy Central on July 31, 2013. The episode was written by Maiya Williams and directed by Raymie Muzquiz. Bender searches the universe for his shiny, metal ass", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\nto as \"\"This Toyshop's Goin' To War\"\") exposited the plans of Robot Santa, Chanukah Zombie, and Kwanzaa-bot to provide military support to assist in the liberation of Earth. The movie also contains a cover of Scott Walker's \"\"30 Century Man\"\" performed by The Jigsaw Seen. \"\"Bender's Big Score\"\" made its broadcast premiere on Comedy Central on March 23, 2008. The film was broken into four separate episodes which served as the first part of \"\"Futurama\"\"s fifth season, followed by \"\"The Beast with a Billion Backs\"\", \"\"Bender's Game\"\" and \"\"Into the Wild Green Yonder\"\". The TV movie was screened in the", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nof Bender's prejudice against non-robots. For example, one of his signature expressions is \"\"kill all humans\"\". Exceptions who are not subject to Bender's prejudicial attitude are those individuals on his \"\"Do Not Kill\"\" list, which seems to comprise only his best friend Philip J. Fry and his colleague Hermes Conrad (Hermes is added after the episode \"\"Lethal Inspection\"\"). However, Bender is also occasionally portrayed as possessing a sympathetic side, suggesting that he is not as belligerent as he claims, a view often echoed by his friends. Bender, a high-tech industrial metalworking robot, was built in 2996 at Fábrica Robótica De", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nto smash open a window, taking Fry's kidney and trying to sell it (it eventually gets eaten by Leela), and stealing jewelry from Amy. He is prone to using Zoidberg in various get-rich-quick schemes, although it is probable he does not consider Dr. Zoidberg a friend, since in \"\"Obsoletely Fabulous\"\" Bender begged the 1X Robot to \"\"save (his) friends, and Zoidberg\"\" (Though it is seen that he helps Zoidberg from time to time, as seen in \"\"That's Lobstertainment!\"\"). He even betrays Leela to Zapp Brannigan in \"\"Into the Wild Green Yonder\"\" when she becomes a wanted criminal, out of jealousy", "\"I Second That Emotion (Futurama)\"\nis tuned to pick up Leela's emotions, so that whatever feelings Leela experiences, Bender automatically experiences them as well. After a night of experiencing a multitude of Leela's feelings, Bender misses Nibbler so much that he cannot stand it any longer. When Fry tells him that alligators can supposedly live after being flushed, Bender flushes parts of himself down the toilet in pursuit of Nibbler. Fry and Leela enter the sewers and quickly manage to find Bender and a crowd of mutants who live in the sewers. The mutants introduce them to their subterranean civilization. They also reveal that a", "\"Religion in Futurama\"\na more earnest and thought-provoking way than any other episode, and without explicitly referencing or parodying any particular religion. Bender is accidentally cast adrift in space and unwittingly becomes a god figure to a race of tiny people (Shrimpkins) living on an asteroid that impacts his body. Bender attempts to answer their prayers, but ends up harming the Shrimpkins. Meanwhile, the Shrimpkins who have migrated to Bender's backside, out of his sight, grow frustrated that their prayers go entirely unanswered. Eventually the two factions of Shrimpkins wipe one another out in a miniature nuclear war. After Bender's unsuccessful attempt at", "\"Does not compute\"\nzones\"\". In addition, the robot character Bender referred to the phrase as an \"\"old robot saying\"\" in \"\"A Taste of Freedom\"\". In \"\"A Fishful of Dollars\"\", Fry asks for anchovies (extinct in the Futurama universe) which eventually makes a chef-robot repeat, \"\"Does not compute,\"\" before exploding. In the \"\"Red Dwarf\"\" episode, \"\"The Last Day (Red Dwarf)\"\", the android Hudzen is told by Kryten that silicon heaven does not exist. Hudzen, a believer in the android afterlife, cannot reconcile the contradiction and shuts down. Kryten, also an android, is not harmed by this dissonance, as he believes he is simply lying.", "\"Futurama: Bender's Game\"\nstockpile Bender has stored within his body—and catapults all the characters into Cornwood, the realm Bender imagines himself to be from. The other members of the Planet Express crew (Hermes, Zoidberg, and Amy) are transported as well. \"\"Frydo\"\" (Fry) and \"\"Leegola\"\" (Leela, now a centaur) emerge first and encounter Titanius (Bender); no one in Cornwood has any memory of their real-world lives, except for Fry and Leela. The three are attacked by \"\"Waltazar\"\" (Walt), \"\"Larius\"\" (Larry) and \"\"Ignus\"\" (Igner), who are trying to recover the anti-backwards crystal. While fighting them off, Frydo drops the crystal, which rolls like a die", "\"The Inhuman Torch\"\nThe Inhuman Torch \"\"The Inhuman Torch\"\" is the eighteenth episode of the seventh season of the animated sitcom \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on Comedy Central on July 10, 2013. The episode was written by Dan Vebber and directed by Frank Marino. In the episode, Bender becomes a firefighter, and ends up housing a solar flare who wants to blow up the Earth from the inside. At a helium mining facility on the sun, Zapp Brannigan causes a cave-in that traps 15 miners inside the sun itself. Fry, Leela, and Bender venture to save the miners. When Bender attempts to abandon", "\"John DiMaggio\"\nJohn DiMaggio John DiMaggio (; born September 4, 1968) is an American voice actor and comedian. His voice features as Bender in \"\"Futurama\"\", Jake the Dog on \"\"Adventure Time\"\", Marcus Fenix in the \"\"Gears of War\"\" series, Dr. Drakken on \"\"Kim Possible\"\", Brother Blood on \"\"Teen Titans\"\", Sandman and Hammerhead on \"\"The Spectacular Spider-Man\"\", Aquaman in \"\"\"\", the Scotsman on \"\"Samurai Jack\"\", Schnitzel on \"\"Chowder\"\", Rico in \"\"The Penguins of Madagascar\"\" and King Zøg on \"\"Disenchantment\"\". A native of North Plainfield, New Jersey, DiMaggio graduated from North Plainfield High School. DiMaggio attended Rutgers University. DiMaggio is known for his role", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\njar while his body is repaired. Lars, the man who performs the procedure, flirts with Leela, much to Fry's chagrin. During a delivery to a nude beach planet, Leela discovers a tattoo of Bender on Fry's buttocks. A trio of alien scammers (Nudar, Fleb and Schlump) dupe the crew into providing their personal information and infect Bender with an obedience virus, allowing them to seize control of Planet Express. The scammers then discover that Fry's tattoo has a code that allows time travel, but only into the past. Nibbler tries to warn the scammers against using the code, but is", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nwithout setting off the alarm. However, in \"\"Ghost in the Machines\"\", Bender becomes a ghost who can't interact with people directly but can possess machinery: he uses this ability to \"\"scare Fry to death\"\". He eventually makes a deal with the Robot Devil to get a new body. (Though never addressed in-universe, this seeming contradiction, as noted by the Robot Devil himself, may result from the distinction that Bender's \"\"spirit\"\" exists in a universal wireless network that allows him to travel in the physical world while trapped in a Limbo-like loop. The conclusion that his ghost is an incorporeal program", "Futurama\n2003, it had averaged 6.4 million viewers for the first half of its fourth broadcast season. In late 2002, Cartoon Network acquired exclusive cable syndication rights to \"\"Futurama\"\" for a reported ten million dollars. In January 2003, the network began airing \"\"Futurama\"\" episodes as the centerpiece to the expansion of their Adult Swim cartoon block. In October 2005, Comedy Central picked up the cable syndication rights to air \"\"Futurama\"\"s 72-episode run at the start of 2008, following the expiration of Cartoon Network's contract. A Comedy Central teaser trailer announced the return of \"\"Futurama\"\" March 23, 2008, which was \"\"Bender's Big", "\"Bender Should Not Be Allowed on TV\"\nBender Should Not Be Allowed on TV \"\"Bender Should Not Be Allowed on TV\"\" (also known as \"\"Bender Should Not Be Allowed on Television\"\") is the sixth episode in the fourth season of the American animated television series \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on August 3, 2003. The episode's plot revolves around Bender's outlandish behavior on the television program \"\"All My Circuits\"\"; after he lands a spot on the show, he is quickly ridiculed by members of the public for setting a poor example for children. Bender eventually sees the critics' point of", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nmagnetic small faux-beard underneath his mouth without breaking into song. The name \"\"Bender\"\" was chosen by series creator Matt Groening in homage to the character John Bender from \"\"The Breakfast Club\"\". Bender's visual design went through multiple changes before reaching its final state. One of the decisions which Groening found to be particularly difficult was whether Bender's head should be square or round. Initially he worked under the idea that all robots would have square heads in the year 3000; however, it was later decided that Bender's head should be round, a visual play on the idea that Bender is", "\"Mars University\"\nof neutrinos in the universe\"\". Mars University \"\"Mars University\"\" is episode eleven of the first production season of \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 3, 1999 as the second episode in the second broadcast season of \"\"Futurama\"\". This episode was written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Bret Haaland. The Planet Express crew's latest mission is to deliver a crate to Professor Farnsworth's office at Mars University. While touring the campus, Bender comes across a chapter of his old fraternity, Epsilon Rho Rho (Err). The nerdy fraternity brothers beg Bender for", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\nopening subtitle \"\"IT JUST WON'T STAY DEAD!\"\" is kept as the opening subtitle of the first part. The three additional opening captions are: \"\"Watch, Rinse, Repeat\"\", \"\"Apply directly to the foreclaw\"\" (a reference to HeadOn), and \"\"Last Known Transmission of the Hubble Telescope.\"\" The billboard scene in all four is identical to the single scene in the film, a snippet from \"\"Space Pilot 3000\"\" where Fry gets frozen. \"\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\" is the first carbon-neutral DVD to be released by 20th Century Fox. The studio worked to reduce the carbon impact of DVD manufacture and distribution. It also features", "\"Mars University\"\nMars University \"\"Mars University\"\" is episode eleven of the first production season of \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 3, 1999 as the second episode in the second broadcast season of \"\"Futurama\"\". This episode was written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Bret Haaland. The Planet Express crew's latest mission is to deliver a crate to Professor Farnsworth's office at Mars University. While touring the campus, Bender comes across a chapter of his old fraternity, Epsilon Rho Rho (Err). The nerdy fraternity brothers beg Bender for his help in the art", "\"Forty Percent Leadbelly\"\nForty Percent Leadbelly \"\"Forty Percent Leadbelly\"\" is the fourteenth episode of the seventh season of the animated sitcom \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on Comedy Central on July 3, 2013. The episode was written by Ken Keeler and directed by Stephen Sandoval. In this episode, Bender meets his hero, Silicon Red, a folk singer who has been in jail 30 times, during a convict transport, and uses a wireless 3D printer to duplicate his guitar, but the wireless connection between Bender's brain and the 3D printer turns his folk song about an angry space railbot hunting down Bender into reality. The", "\"The Inhuman Torch\"\ndepart with a bound Flamo. Fry finally understands the truth, and promises to vouch for Bender to the rest of the crew, but Bender explains that it cannot be. They wouldn't believe Fry either. And in fact, if Fry were to tell them that Bender is even present, they'll blame Bender for the fire. The only solution is for Fry to claim that he himself accidentally started the fire while Bender was thousands of miles away. The introductory tagline joke (\"\"As Seen At The 1939 World's Fair\"\") is a reference to the \"\"Futurama\"\" exhibit, part of the General Motors Pavilion", "\"Lethal Inspection\"\nthis isn't something I think will bother real fans, as that's part of what's given \"\"Futurama\"\" its cult audience in the first place: that the show gives a damn about its characters.\"\" Lethal Inspection \"\"Lethal Inspection\"\" is the sixth episode of the sixth season of the American animated television sitcom \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on July 22, 2010. In the episode Bender learns that he suffers from a terminal manufacturing defect, effectively rendering him mortal. Bender must cope with his newfound mortality and enlists Hermes Conrad's help to track down the mysterious quality", "\"Religion in Futurama\"\nChanukah Zombie's voice) adorned with Stars of David and a menorah. Catholicism is shown to still exist in some form in the 31st century, as the show makes several references to the \"\"Space Pope\"\": in the opening titles of \"\"Hell is Other Robots\"\" (stating that the show has been \"\"Condemned by the Space Pope\"\"); in \"\"A Bicyclops Built for Two\"\", with Bender's rhetorical question \"\"Is the Space Pope reptilian?\"\"; and in \"\"I Dated a Robot\"\", in an endorsement at the end of an educational film (\"\"Brought to you by the Space Pope\"\"). In the last of these, a graphic displays", "\"I Second That Emotion (Futurama)\"\nNibbler has a birthday party, and Bender becomes annoyed that Nibbler is getting more attention than him. Having reluctantly made a birthday cake for Nibbler, Bender is aghast to see Nibbler gobble it all up before everybody else can praise Bender for the cake. In extreme annoyance, Bender flushes the Nibbler down the toilet. Leela is distraught at the loss of her pet and wishes Bender could understand the emotions of others. Professor Farnsworth proposes a solution: installing an empathy chip in Bender's head that will cause him to feel other people's emotions. After forcibly installing the chip, the chip", "\"I Second That Emotion (Futurama)\"\nwas meant for El Chupanibre, leaving only Bender to fight the beast; however, Leela is so scared, for herself and the others, that Bender is immobilized by her emotions. He and Fry teach Leela to stop caring about other people and care only about herself, and as a result, Bender is able to fight off the beast, whom he eventually flushes down a giant toilet into the sub-sewers. Back at Planet Express, the Professor removes Bender's empathy chip when Bender demands that he do so. With the empathy chip burned out, the Professor diagnoses that either Bender felt his own", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\na normal, adult-sized body in a flashback sequence conveying his memory of coming into existence. As Bender's memory contains an adult form, the episode's content suggests that the character might actually be recalling a transfer to an adult body, rather than the moment of creation. Unlike most other robots, Bender is mortal and, according to Professor Farnsworth's calculations, may have less than one billion years to live. Because of a manufacturing error that left Bender without a backup unit, Bender's memory cannot be transferred or uploaded to another robot body. After reporting that defect to his manufacturer, Bender barely escapes", "\"Bender Gets Made\"\nthe Robot Mafia, Bender remains on board, telling the Robot Mafia he will take care of the crew. When the Robot Mafia fly away, Bender ties himself up next to Leela and Fry, and makes up a crazy story to remain unexposed. Back at Planet Express, Leela's eye has recovered and Bender quits the Robot Mafia. \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" gave the episode a B. Bender Gets Made \"\"Bender Gets Made\"\" is the thirteenth episode in the second production season of the American animated television series \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 30,", "\"Bender Should Not Be Allowed on TV\"\ntime tearing them down, it ought to have something to erect in their place.\"\" Bender Should Not Be Allowed on TV \"\"Bender Should Not Be Allowed on TV\"\" (also known as \"\"Bender Should Not Be Allowed on Television\"\") is the sixth episode in the fourth season of the American animated television series \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on August 3, 2003. The episode's plot revolves around Bender's outlandish behavior on the television program \"\"All My Circuits\"\"; after he lands a spot on the show, he is quickly ridiculed by members of the public", "\"A Big Piece of Garbage\"\nAgain\"\" plays instead of the standard \"\"Futurama\"\" theme. The plot of the episode is a reference to the 1998 film \"\"Armageddon\"\", in which a group of astronauts attempt to destroy an asteroid heading towards Earth with a warhead. It also references Mobro 4000, a garbage barge that originated in New York and was rejected from multiple ports in 1987. The garbage ball contains Bart Simpson dolls that utter Bart's catchphrase \"\"eat my shorts\"\" to which Bender does, and later he would respond \"\"mmm...shorts\"\" the same way Homer Simpson does when he gets hungry. During the credits, the song \"\"We'll Meet", "\"Hell Is Other Robots\"\noriginal musical number. The lyrics to \"\"Welcome to Robot Hell\"\" were written by Kaplan and Keeler and the music was written by Keeler and Christopher Tyng. When praised for his performance in the audio commentary, John DiMaggio, the voice of Bender, noted that the most difficult part of the performance was singing in a lower octave rather than keeping up with the song's fast pace. This episode is one of very few that focuses on the religious aspects of the \"\"Futurama\"\" universe. In most episodes, it is indicated that the Planet Express crew, along with most beings in the year", "\"Hell Is Other Robots\"\nHell Is Other Robots \"\"Hell Is Other Robots\"\" is the ninth episode in the first season of the American animated television series \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 18, 1999, as the season finale of the first broadcast season. The episode was written by Eric Kaplan and directed by Rich Moore. Guest stars in this episode include the Beastie Boys as themselves and Dan Castellaneta voicing the Robot Devil. The episode is one of the first to focus heavily on Bender. In the episode, he develops an addiction to electricity. When this", "\"Politics in Futurama\"\nattempt to legalize \"\"robosexual marriage,\"\" or marriage between robots and humans, after Bender and Amy fall in love. It closely parodies the events surrounding, as well as arguments for and against, Proposition 8 of California from the 2008 election. Ultimately, \"\"robosexual marriage\"\" is legalized with this \"\"future civil rights movement.\"\" Throughout the Futurama episodes there is a theme of, as Series creator Matt Groening put it in 1999, a \"\"corporate, commercial, confusing world where the military is just as stupid as it is currently\"\" with a \"\"corrupt megacorporation\"\" named MomCorp which is run by a \"\"scrawny elderly woman\"\" who is", "\"Naturama (Futurama)\"\nLarry and Igner and promptly fall down the hill, where the boulder rolls over and crushes them, leading to the species' extinction. The alpha male of an elephant seal colony (Bender) mates freely with dozens of females, while the less virile males are unable to attract mates. Kif gets Amy's attention and begins to mate with her while Bender is distracted, but Bender discovers them and scares Kif away. Kif challenges Bender for dominance, only to be quickly crushed to death when they fight. However, the other lesser males have taken advantage of the fight and mated without Bender's knowledge,", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\n(although he concedes they were mostly children). Before meeting Fry and Leela and joining Planet Express (where he currently works as the assistant manager of sales). Bender had a job at the metalworking factory, bending steel girders for the construction of suicide booths. Bender has an apartment in the \"\"Robot Arms Apts.\"\" building, where he eventually invites his best friend and coworker, Fry, to live with him. Although the pair enjoy living together, Bender is sometimes portrayed as manipulating his guileless friend. In the series' early episodes, Bender is shown preferring to occupy smaller areas of their apartment, like the", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nstandards), indicating that he is not as selfish or unkind as he appears to be. In \"\"Bendless Love\"\", Bender intends to murder Flexo in order to gain the love of fem-bot Angelyne, but when Flexo gets stuck under a gigantic steel girder, Angelyne shows sorrow for him. Bender decides that her happiness is more important than his own, and ends up saving Flexo. Also, in \"\"Jurassic Bark\"\", when Bender becomes jealous of Fry's petrified dog, Seymour, he decides to throw him in magma. But when he realizes how Fry becomes deeply hurt, Bender apologizes for his behavior and rescues the", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\ndog. In \"\"Godfellas\"\", he becomes the god of a microscopic alien race and abuses this position by commanding them to produce beer for him. When his abuse of power causes the entire species' demise, however, he cries in mourning and remorse. In 2008, Bender took second place behind the Terminator in a poll for the \"\"Baddest Movie Robot\"\" on Techradar.com. The song \"\"Bend It Like Bender!\"\" from the Devin Townsend Project album \"\"Addicted\"\", is a direct reference to Bender and contains the quote \"\"Game's over, losers! I have all the money!\"\" Being the show's breakout character, Bender has made several", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nto Bender and Flexo after Flexo reveals that his serial number has the same characteristic (also, Bender’s designation 1729 is a taxicab number). Bender was designed specifically for the relatively simple task of bending straight metal girders into various angles. Despite this apparent simplicity, he possesses numerous features superfluous to his original purpose, which become more apparent after an electric jolt to his antenna from an overhead light socket in the pilot episode. The scope of Bender's functionality is impressive; he often acts as if he were a multifunctional gadget rather than a special bending machine. Similar to a contemporary", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\nrevived in episodic or feature film form, explaining that the crew is \"\"writing them as movies and then we're going to chop them up, reconfigure them, write new material and try to make them work as separate episodes\"\". A preview of the film was shown at Comic-Con 2007. It was also reported at Comic-Con that once the movie is \"\"chopped up\"\" it will be reconfigured into four episodes that will be broadcast on Comedy Central on March 23, 2008. The same will be done with the succeeding three movies, creating a sixteen-episode fifth season. The voice recording finished on July", "\"Futurama: Into the Wild Green Yonder\"\nLeo Wong's plans to turn it into a golf course, and from the Dark Ones, who have evolved to the point that no one knows what they look like. To end the sabotage, Leo enlists Zapp Brannigan and Kif Kroker, who in turn hire Bender to track down the eco-feministas. Fry infiltrates Leo's empire as a security guard. Amy is angered by her father's sexist jokes and joins Leela, while Bender bugs Fry's phone in case he communicates with Leela. Fry runs into Frida and has her take a message of support to Leela, but an unseen Dark One murders", "\"The 30% Iron Chef\"\nThe 30% Iron Chef \"\"The 30% Iron Chef\"\" is the 22nd episode in season three of \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 14, 2002. Bender aspires to be a cook for the Planet Express crew, but the meals he produces are awful. One day, Bender overhears the crew complaining about one of his meals and is overcome by feelings of worthlessness and self-pity. Bender aspires to be a cook for the Planet Express crew, but the meals he produces are awful. One day, Bender overhears the crew complaining about one of his", "\"Religion in Futurama\"\nstatus of a religion in the form of the \"\"Church of Trek\"\", where devotees of \"\"\"\" worship the characters and attend services dressed as officers and aliens from the show (in 23rd or 24th century). In the second \"\"Futurama\"\" straight-to-DVD film, \"\"The Beast with a Billion Backs\"\", Fry becomes the pope of a new religion which worships the interdimensional planet-sized tentacle monster named Yivo, who brainwashed the inhabitants of Earth by attaching shkler tentacles to their brains, before taking them onto shklim, which resembled heaven. In the third film \"\"Bender's Game\"\", Professor Farnsworth invokes the name of \"\"the all-powerful Atheismo\"\".", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\nignored. The scammers have Bender use the code to steal valuable objects from Earth's past, storing them in a cave beneath the ship. Hermes also has Bender retrieve an earlier version of his body so he can win back his wife. Meanwhile, Leela and Lars date, further depressing Fry. Once the scammers have history's treasures, they decide to get rid of the time code by killing Fry. Fry uses the code to escape to January 1, 2000, just after he was frozen. The scammers send Bender after him. Bender arrives before Fry, creating a duplicate of himself when he has", "\"Ghost in the Machines\"\nGhost in the Machines \"\"Ghost in the Machines\"\" is the nineteenth episode of the sixth season of the animated sitcom \"\"Futurama\"\", and originally aired June 30, 2011, on Comedy Central. It aired as the third episode of season 6-B, sixteenth in broadcast order for season 6 overall. The episode was written by Patric M. Verrone and directed by Ray Claffey. American actor Dan Castellaneta guest stars in the episode, voicing the Robot Devil. In the episode Bender, angry at Fry for valuing human life over robot life, kills himself in a suicide booth. Afterwards, he becomes a ghost, and learns", "\"Religion in Futurama\"\nto Georgia\"\". Should the individual lose the fiddle contest, they will only receive a smaller, silver fiddle and the Robot Devil may kill them at his discretion. In \"\"Ghost in the Machines\"\", Bender's ghost is sent to an equivalent robot Heaven monitored by a Robot God whose streamlined design is reminiscent of EVE in the Pixar animated film \"\"WALL-E\"\". This God appears to be distinct from the more ambiguous, universal 'God' character that appeared in \"\"Godfellas\"\" and \"\"Bender's Big Score\"\", who may or may not have been representative of the Gods of all religions, and/or a machine. Notably, the Robot", "\"The Futurama Holiday Spectacular\"\nweeks. He is shocked to discover that they only have enough oil for four and a half weeks of wrestling and forces the crew to drill deep into the Earth with the Planet Express ship to find more petroleum, which is virtually nonexistent on the surface. As they approach the center of the Earth, the immense pressure crushes the ship and kills everyone except Bender, who decides to take a nap. 500 million years later, Bender wakes up and discovers that the heat and pressure over the years have turned his friends' bodies into petroleum oil. He returns to the", "\"Raging Bender\"\nRaging Bender \"\"Raging Bender\"\" is the eighth episode in the second production season of the American animated television series \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 27, 2000 as the twelfth episode of the second broadcast season. The episode was written by Lewis Morton and directed by Ron Hughart. The story focuses on Bender becoming a professional robot wrestler. At the morning Planet Express meeting, the crew discovers Hermes has been assimilated by the Brain Slugs. To avoid Hermes' slack-jawed stare and being assimilated themselves, the rest of the staff takes off for", "\"Möbius Dick (Futurama)\"\ntheme of the film Sunshine. In the scene where Bender is on the lookout nest and sees the space whale emerge from the 4th dimension and exhales (breathing out a shape resembling a Julia set); Bender reports to Leela; \"\"Look, off in the distance, it's exhaling!\"\", Leela commands Bender to use \"\"boaty talk\"\", Bender sighs and rephrases what he says into, \"\"Thar' she blows!\"\", a popular phrase that was used in the Moby-Dick novel. In the scene where the Planet Express crew are 'present' in the 4th dimension, their words are said forwards in time and backwards. Hermes expresses he", "\"Raging Bender\"\nhuman controllers. Raging Bender \"\"Raging Bender\"\" is the eighth episode in the second production season of the American animated television series \"\"Futurama\"\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 27, 2000 as the twelfth episode of the second broadcast season. The episode was written by Lewis Morton and directed by Ron Hughart. The story focuses on Bender becoming a professional robot wrestler. At the morning Planet Express meeting, the crew discovers Hermes has been assimilated by the Brain Slugs. To avoid Hermes' slack-jawed stare and being assimilated themselves, the rest of the staff takes", "\"War Is the H-Word\"\nand Zoidberg try to remove the bomb from Bender's body, unsuccessfully. Instead, they reset the bomb's trigger, taking it from the list of words least said by him. Despite Bender's pleas, the crew refuses to tell him the new trigger word but during the rolling of the credits Bender correctly guesses \"\"antiquing\"\". After a boom and flash, Bender states that he is \"\"alright\"\". One major theme of this episode is asymmetrical warfare. This was a recurring theme used by the \"\"Futurama\"\" writers including in episodes \"\"When Aliens Attack\"\", \"\"The Problem with Popplers\"\" and \"\"Lrrreconcilable Ndndifferences\"\". Those episodes featured the people", "\"Billy West\"\nBilly West William Richard Werstine (born April 16, 1952), known professionally as Billy West, is an American voice actor, singer, musician, and songwriter who is known for his voice-over work in a number of television series, films, video games and commercials. He has done hundreds of voice-overs in his career such as Ren (season 3 to season 5) and Stimpy on \"\"The Ren & Stimpy Show\"\"; Doug Funnie and Roger Klotz on \"\"Doug\"\"; and Philip J. Fry, Professor Farnsworth, Dr. Zoidberg, Zapp Brannigan and a number of others on \"\"Futurama\"\". He does voices for commercials and is the current voice", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\nand language. He is equipped with a vast capacity of computer data storage, in excess of 100,001 terabytes- 1 TB for general storage and 100,000 TB for the storage of pornography, though in 6ACV25 Cubert Farnsworth deletes 12 TB of outdated catchphrases from Bender. Presumably either Bender has a separate \"\"catchphrase drive\"\" or the majority of the catchphrases are also pornographic. Bender is powered by alcohol-based fuels, which he can convert into an electrical power source sufficient to operate not only himself, but also small household appliances plugged into his power receptacle. Low alcohol intake levels decrease his production of", "\"Bender (Futurama)\"\n\"\"The Late Philip J. Fry\"\". He also appears as one of the enemies, along with Doctor Zoidberg, in \"\"The Simpsons Game\"\". Bender makes cameo appearances in several \"\"Family Guy\"\" episodes. In \"\"Blue Harvest\"\" he can be seen at the Mos Eisley cantina, and in \"\"The Splendid Source\"\", he is one of the repeaters of a dirty joke whose original author Peter Griffin, Joe Swanson, and Glenn Quagmire are seeking. In the episode \"\"Boopa-dee Bappa-dee\"\", Peter attempts to use the guide on the television remote, turning Stewie Griffin into a host of past and present Animation Domination characters, including Bender. Bender", "\"Möbius Dick (Futurama)\"\ncan see sideways into time; Amy says \"\"Gee, I see CGI\"\", While Fry uses a palindrome phrase, \"\"Poop. Heh heh\"\"; Bender instead experiences a looping conga line of Benders. Then as the space whale breaks through the 4th dimension, the Benders cascade back into one. Disappointed, Bender sighs in sadness and claims that it was 'the greatest uncountably infinite bunch of guys I ever met'. In the scene where the Planet Express crew are, in Hermes' words, 'in the belly of the beast', Fry uses a reference of two characters from different books; Jonah, from the Old Testament/Tanakh; and Pinocchio,", "\"Albert K. Bender\"\nSteiner Music Society in 1965. It was joined by actors John Wayne, Fred Astaire, and Vincent Price. They published a journal and a newsletter. The society officially ended in 1981. Bender has helped locate materials and information about Steiner's career. Albert K. Bender's the first involving the so-called Men In Black which was inspired by Gray Barker introduced a concept Men in Black which comic book written by Lowell Cunningham, which in turn inspired a popular film and . As a result, many elements of Bender's fantastical tale can still be found today, in programs like Futurama, The Matrix, X-Files,", "\"Futurama: Bender's Big Score\"\n3, 2007. An official trailer was released on October 10, 2007. In addition to background musical scoring for the movie, Christopher Tyng provided two original \"\"movie musical\"\" style songs for the characters to sing in context in \"\"Bender's Big Score\"\". The song \"\"I May As Well Jump\"\" (also referred to as \"\"Street Song\"\") exposited the dissatisfaction of most of the characters with the ways their lives were progressing at that point in the plotline, except for Lars and Leela, who were contrastingly delighted to announce their happiness and their upcoming marriage. The song \"\"This Trinity's Goin' To War\"\" (also referred", "\"Hell Is Other Robots\"\n3000, are \"\"remarkably unreligious\"\". It introduces two of the religious figures of \"\"Futurama\"\", The Robot Devil and Reverend Lionel Preacherbot, both of whom make appearances in later episodes. Preacherbot, who speaks in a manner typical of inner-city African-American pastor stereotypes, converts Bender to the religion Robotology. This leads to a series of events that are similar in many ways to the experiences of real world religious converts. Mark Pinsky states that the episode has a \"\"double-edged portrayal of religion\"\" as it portrays both an improvement in Bender's character but also some of the \"\"less pleasant characteristics of the newly pious\"\".", "\"Religion in Futurama\"\nSantas\"\", where all of the crew dress up as Santa and Zoidberg dresses up as \"\"his friend Jesus\"\" to attempt to stay Bender's execution. When the real Robot Santa appears and attacks the crew and the people attempting to execute Bender, the executioner exclaims \"\"Get him, Jesus!\"\" before diving behind an object, and in reference to Benjamin Franklin's famous remark, Zoidberg replies, \"\"I help those who help themselves.\"\" On several occasions, Professor Farnsworth uses the phrase \"\"Sweet Zombie Jesus!\"\" as an expression of shock or dismay. These exclamations are usually cut for syndication in the United States. In the DVD" ]

[ true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "1998" ]

[ "\"Netball in the Cook Islands\"\na player at Pacific Games, Commonwealth Games and the World Championships. The Cook Islands Netball Association is a member of the Oceania Netball Federation. The nation's participation in the international netball community has raised the islands' visibility globally. The Cook Islands won the netball competition at the first South Pacific Games, now Pacific Games, held in 1981. The national team had its first win in the tournament in 1983, when it beat Fiji. In 1986, the government provided to help the team travel to the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Scotland. The 1987 Netball World Championships were also held in Scotland,", "\"Netball in New Zealand\"\nfourth trophy. Constellation Cup: The Constellation Cup is contested by the Australian national netball team and the New Zealand national netball team. It is awarded each year to the team that wins the most test matches between the two, excluding games played as part of multinational tournaments such as the Netball World Championships and Commonwealth Games. Taini Jamison Trophy: The Taini Jamison Trophy was introduced in 2008 and is contested when any netballing nation – other than Australia – plays the Silver Ferns on New Zealand soil. Commonwealth Games: Netball was introduced into the Commonwealth Games in 1998 and has", "\"Netball at the 2010 Commonwealth Games\"\nNetball at the 2010 Commonwealth Games Netball was one of 17 sports that were contested at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. Netball is a core sport for women at the Commonwealth Games, and one of only three events in the 2010 programme for women only (the other two are rhythmic gymnastics and synchronised swimming). Netball at the Commonwealth Games is one of the premier events in international netball, and the 2010 event was the fourth time that the sport has been contested at the Games. Matches were held between at the Thyagaraj Sports Complex. Twelve participating nations were divided", "\"Netball at the 2010 Commonwealth Games\"\nheld at the Thyagaraj Sports Complex in New Delhi. The newly built venue has a seating capacity of 4,494. The facility includes one maple-wood match court and two training courts. Netball at the 2010 Commonwealth Games Netball was one of 17 sports that were contested at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. Netball is a core sport for women at the Commonwealth Games, and one of only three events in the 2010 programme for women only (the other two are rhythmic gymnastics and synchronised swimming). Netball at the Commonwealth Games is one of the premier events in international netball, and", "\"Netball at the 2006 Commonwealth Games\"\nNetball at the 2006 Commonwealth Games The 2006 Commonwealth Games was the third Games at which netball, one of the few women-only sports in the Commonwealth Games, was played. The preliminary matches were held at the State Netball and Hockey Centre in the Melbourne suburb of Parkville, with the finals being held at the multi-purpose Melbourne Park in the inner city. Netball was among the most popular sports with viewers at this Games, with most tickets selling out in the initial ballot, and no more being available until a second release in the week before the Games - a rare", "\"Netball at the 2018 Commonwealth Games\"\nparticipating nations at the netball competitions with a total of 144 athletes, up to 12 per team. The number of athletes a nation entered is in parentheses beside the name of the country. Netball at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Netball was one of the ten core sports at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, which was held on the Gold Coast in Australia. This was the sixth staging of netball at the Commonwealth Games since its inclusion in 1998, and the second time the netball event was held in Australia. The competition took place between 5 and 15 April 2018. Preliminary matches", "\"Netball in Kenya\"\na score of 42-47 and went on to finish second to Kenya at the tournament. In 1997, the team qualified to play in the Commonwealth Games. Netball in Kenya Netball in Kenya is primarily played by girls. The Kenya Netball Association changed its name to its current one in 1966, and became the first African nation to join the International Federation of Netball Associations. Club netball is played in the country. The national team has qualified for the Commonwealth Games. In Kenya, netball is primarily played by women, and primarily played in rural areas. A school sought to build four", "\"Netball in New Zealand\"\nZealand. Domestically, mid-week netball became popular amongst housewives, who brought their children with them to netball games. By 1977, 6,058 senior teams and 2,816 primary school teams were registered with the New Zealand Netball Association. New Zealand hosted the fourth Netball World Championships in 1975, coming third behind England and Australia. In 1991, the New Zealand Netball Association changed its name to the current 'Netball New Zealand'. In 1998, the Silver Ferns won a silver medal when netball became a medal sport at the Commonwealth Games for the first time in Kuala Lumpur; a gold medal would come eight years", "\"Netball at the 2006 Commonwealth Games\"\nDEF - Deflection, REA - Rebound Attack, RED - Rebound Defense Netball at the 2006 Commonwealth Games The 2006 Commonwealth Games was the third Games at which netball, one of the few women-only sports in the Commonwealth Games, was played. The preliminary matches were held at the State Netball and Hockey Centre in the Melbourne suburb of Parkville, with the finals being held at the multi-purpose Melbourne Park in the inner city. Netball was among the most popular sports with viewers at this Games, with most tickets selling out in the initial ballot, and no more being available until a", "\"Netball at the 2018 Commonwealth Games\"\nNetball at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Netball was one of the ten core sports at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, which was held on the Gold Coast in Australia. This was the sixth staging of netball at the Commonwealth Games since its inclusion in 1998, and the second time the netball event was held in Australia. The competition took place between 5 and 15 April 2018. Preliminary matches were held at the Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition Centre, with finals matches held at the Coomera Indoor Sports Centre. A total of 144 athletes from 12 nations participated in the tournament. The", "\"History of netball\"\nGames in Auckland, netball was included in the programme as a demonstration sport. Netball became a competitive sport in the Commonwealth Games at the 1998 Games in Kuala Lumpur. Australia won the inaugural netball competition in 1998, and again at the 2002 Games in Manchester. New Zealand won the next two netball competitions at the 2006 Games in Melbourne and the 2010 Games in Delhi. Netball has since become a \"\"core sport\"\" at the Commonwealth Games (for women only). Netball has never been contested at the Olympic Games, nor has it been shown as a demonstration sport. However, netball became", "\"Canada national netball team\"\nCanada national netball team The Canadian national netball team is the national netball team of Canada. The netball team is selected through a trials process and competes on the world stage through regional AFNA competitions and qualifying tournaments to gain entry into The Commonwealth Games and the World Netball Championships. As of 7 March 2018, Canada were 27th in the INF World Rankings. The team participates in the Netball World Championships, considered the highest level of competition for the sport, and its best result came in 1991 when they came 6th. Canada's first netball win was in the Manchester 2002", "\"Netball New Zealand\"\nthe first time New Zealand had won back-to-back titles, toppling old rivals Australia by three goals in the final of the 2017 edition to clinch a fourth trophy. Constellation Cup The Constellation Cup is contested by the Australian national netball team and the New Zealand national netball team. It is awarded each year to the team that wins the most test matches between the two, excluding games played as part of multinational tournaments such as the Netball World Championships and Commonwealth Games. Taini Jamison Trophy The Taini Jamison Trophy was introduced in 2008 and is contested when any netballing nation", "\"Netball in Oceania\"\nevents including the Pacific Games, the Commonwealth Games, the Netball World Championships, the World Games, the Oceania Netball Tournament, the World Youth Netball Championship, and the International Challenge Men’s and Mixed Netball Tournament. Netball has much grass roots support and is an important part of life for many women on the islands. Netball started to grow in popularity during the 1970s. The sport's popularity is partly due to the influence of New Zealand, where Cook Island players have competed for New Zealand's national team. New Zealand worked hard to develop the sport in the country during the 1980s, when they", "\"Eboni Usoro-Brown\"\nmedal in the team event. Eboni went onto represent England at the 2014 Commonwealth Games for the second consecutive time at the Commonwealth Games and was part of the netball team which went medalless at the competition finishing fourth. At the 2015 World Netball Championships, she was instrumental in England's third place finish with a defensive role. She competed for England at the 2018 Commonwealth Games which is also her third successive CWG Games appearance. At the Gold Coast Commonwealth Games, she was part of the English national netball team which stunned defending Commonwealth Games champion and world champion Australia", "\"Jodi Brown\"\nand was a member of the team that won the 2003 Netball World Championships. She suffered a left knee injury just days before the Silver Ferns' opening match at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, ruling her out of the competition. Brown stayed in the squad for the 2007 Netball World Championships. Brown pulled out of the Silver Ferns in early 2008 when she became pregnant with her first child. She was widely touted to rejoin the Silver Ferns in 2010 for their Commonwealth Games campaign, but pulled out for family reasons. She returned to the Silver Ferns in 2012 for the", "\"Netball and the Olympic Movement\"\ntheir national Olympic Committee include Netball Singapore and the All Australia Netball Association. Netball and the Olympic Movement Netball is an Olympic recognised sport, a status attained in 1995 after a twenty-year period of lobbying. It has never been played at the Summer Olympics, but with recognition a formal requirement for inclusion is met. The absence at the Olympic Games was seen by the netball community as a hindrance to the global growth of the game, depriving it of media attention and funding. Inclusion is hampered, because it is mainly played by women, and mostly in Commonwealth countries. When the", "\"Chelsea Lewis\"\nChelsea Lewis Chelsea Lewis (born 24 November 1993) is a Welsh international netball player who helped secure her country's best finish for 24 years at the 2015 Netball World Cup. At club level she represents Celtic Dragons and represented Wales at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. Lewis first played for Wales at the age of 16. She was a member of the Welsh team at the 2011 World Netball Championships, 2015 Netball World Cup, and the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games. In September 2018 it was announced that Lewis would be joining the Celtic Dragons for the 2019 Superleague season. Lewis", "\"Chelsea Lewis\"\npreviously played for Team Bath. Chelsea Lewis Chelsea Lewis (born 24 November 1993) is a Welsh international netball player who helped secure her country's best finish for 24 years at the 2015 Netball World Cup. At club level she represents Celtic Dragons and represented Wales at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. Lewis first played for Wales at the age of 16. She was a member of the Welsh team at the 2011 World Netball Championships, 2015 Netball World Cup, and the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games. In September 2018 it was announced that Lewis would be joining the Celtic Dragons for", "\"Kimberlee Green\"\nSydney franchise the New South Wales Swifts, which won the inaugural championship in 2008. Later that year, she was selected for the Australian Netball Diamonds team. During her international career, Green has won a bronze medal at the 2009 World Netball Series in Manchester, and a silver medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, a gold medal at the 2011 World Netball Championships in Singapore and a gold medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. In 2011, for the first time for Australia, Green played at the Wing Defence (WD) position in the first of three tests against", "\"Netball Australia\"\nthree World Championships and two Commonwealth Games. Inducted: 2010 Shelley O’Donnell OAM Playing 80 games for her country, Shelley O’Donnell epitomised the tough, attacking player and dominated the centre court through the 90s. Winning three World Championships and one Commonwealth Games gold medal, there was little in netball she didn’t achieve. Inducted: 2010 Pat McCarthy (née Doherty) First selected in the Australian netball team in 1952, she captained her country on its maiden tour of England in 1956. In the first ever Test played between the two countries at London, Australia won 14–11. Despite her diminutive stature, McCarthy's speed and", "\"Maria Folau\"\nthe team. She was signed by the Adelaide Thunderbirds in the Australian Super Netball league prior to the 2019 season. Folau was part of the winning New Zealand Under-21 team that brought home the 2005 World Youth Cup from Miami. That year, she was called into the Silver Ferns team, making her on-court debut when the Ferns toured Jamaica. During her senior international career, she has won gold medals at the 2010 Commonwealth Games, 2006 Commonwealth Games and the 2009 World Netball Series, in addition to a silver medal at the 2007 Netball World Championships. In the 2010 ANZ Championship,", "\"Netball and the Olympic Movement\"\nNetball and the Olympic Movement Netball is an Olympic recognised sport, a status attained in 1995 after a twenty-year period of lobbying. It has never been played at the Summer Olympics, but with recognition a formal requirement for inclusion is met. The absence at the Olympic Games was seen by the netball community as a hindrance to the global growth of the game, depriving it of media attention and funding. Inclusion is hampered, because it is mainly played by women, and mostly in Commonwealth countries. When the sport gained recognition, it opened up sources of funds that the global netball", "\"Netball New Zealand\"\n– other than Australia – plays the Silver Ferns on New Zealand soil. Commonwealth Games Netball was introduced into the Commonwealth Games in 1998 and has been an integral part of the programme since. INF Netball World Cup The INF Netball World Cup is a quadrennial international netball world championship co-ordinated by the International Netball Federation (INF), inaugurated in 1963. Since its inception the competition has been dominated primarily by the Australian national netball team (the Diamonds) and the New Zealand national netball team (the Silver Ferns) – Trinidad and Tobago is the only other team to have won a", "\"History of netball\"\nthe 20th century saw international competition expand, with the sport's premier international competition, the INF Netball World Cup, starting in 1963. Netball has also been contested at the Commonwealth Games since 1998. Today, netball is popular in Commonwealth nations, and is reportedly played by over 20 million people worldwide. It remains primarily a women's sport, although male participation is increasing in some countries. Further developments to the sport are being trialled, including a shortened version of the game played in a World Series format; netball is also being advocated for possible inclusion in the Olympic Games. Netball traces its roots", "\"Kim Ravaillion\"\nKim Ravaillion Kim Ravaillion (born 26 July 1993) is an Australian netball player in the Suncorp Super Netball league, playing for the Collingwood Magpies. She was a member of the Australia national netball team that won a gold medal in netball at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland and the team that won the 2015 Netball World Cup. She also featured in the Australian team that won a silver medal in the netball at the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast, and was selected in the Australian Diamonds squad for the 2018/19 international season. She made her ANZ", "\"New Zealand national netball team\"\nfollowing year. In 2009, the first World Netball Series was contested in England, with the Silver Ferns defeating Jamaica in the grand final to win the inaugural tournament. Success was repeated the following year at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, with New Zealand defeating Australia in a dramatic 66–64 double-overtime gold medal playoff win. Described by \"\"The New Zealand Herald\"\" as \"\"arguably the most incredible netball test ever\"\", the game won the team the Lonsdale Cup of the New Zealand Olympic Committee in 2010 for the most outstanding contribution to an Olympic or Commonwealth sport. The Ferns claimed their", "\"Netball at the 2018 Commonwealth Games\"\nfollowing is the competition schedule for the netball competition: All matches for the netball event were held in the host city. Preliminary matches were played at the Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition Centre, which has a seating capacity of 5,000. The venue also hosted basketball matches and was the Main Media Centre for the Games. Finals matches were played at the Coomera Indoor Sports Centre, which opened in 2016 and has a seating capacity of 7,500. It also hosted some gymnastics events for the Games. Twelve nations competed in the netball competition at the 2018 Commonwealth Games: There were 12", "\"Fast5 Netball World Series\"\nFast5 Netball World Series The Fast5 Netball World Series is an international netball competition that was contested for the first time in October 2009. The new competition features modified \"\"Fast5\"\" rules, and has been likened to Twenty20 cricket and rugby sevens. The competition is contested by the six top national netball teams in the world, according to the INF World Rankings. Before 2008, the major competitions in international netball were the Netball World Championships and the netball event of the Commonwealth Games, both held every four years. First-tier national teams also participated in yearly test series, with others playing in", "\"Netball in Kenya\"\nNetball in Kenya Netball in Kenya is primarily played by girls. The Kenya Netball Association changed its name to its current one in 1966, and became the first African nation to join the International Federation of Netball Associations. Club netball is played in the country. The national team has qualified for the Commonwealth Games. In Kenya, netball is primarily played by women, and primarily played in rural areas. A school sought to build four netball courts at their school in 1950. Some girls played netball after school during the 1980s. Netball programs were being run by schools in the late", "\"Helen Housby\"\nHelen Housby Helen Housby is a professional English netball player, born 19 January 1995 in Carlisle, Cumbria. Housby played for the Superleague side Manchester Thunder from 2013 to 2016, helping them to win the 2014 Superleague Grand-Final against rivals Surrey Storm. She currently plays for the New South Wales Swifts. Housby was selected as a member of the England national netball team that played at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and 2015 Netball World Cup. She currently has 30 caps to her name, the first of which came at the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games in a match against Wales. Housby has", "Netball\nChampionship saw netball become a semi-professional sport in both countries, with increased media coverage and player salaries. The competition was replaced by new leagues in 2017, the Suncorp Super Netball (Australia) and ANZ Premiership (New Zealand). There are four major international netball competitions; the Netball World Cup, Netball at the Commonwealth Games, Netball Quad Series and Fast5 Netball World Series. Netball's important competition is the World Netball Championships (also known as the Netball World Cup), held every four years. It was first held in 1963 at the Chelsea College of Physical Education at Eastbourne, England, with eleven nations competing. Since", "\"April Ieremia\"\nat the 1994 Victoria Commonwealth Games, 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, 2000 Sydney Olympics and 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester. Ieremia was the face of netball for ONE Sport hosting national and international netball competitions from 1995 including the 1999 and 2003 Netball World Championships, the regional National Bank Cup, Fisher and Paykel test Internationals and National Provincial Championships. In 2002, Ieremia hosted ASB Tennis Classic international in Auckland featuring Anna Kournikova and the men's Heinekin Open with Marat Safin and Goran Ivanisevic. From 1994–2003, Ieremia co-hosted the Halberg Sports Awards. In 1997, Ieremia", "\"Netball in Asia\"\nyouth national team. India had a national team compete in the fifth Asian Netball Championship in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 2001. National team captains include Prachi Tehlan, who captained the side that competed in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. Some of the important netball competitions held in India include the 2010 Commonwealth Games, and the 7th Asian Youth Netball Championship, held from 3 to 10 July 2010, at the Thyagaraj Stadium. Some of the top performances for the India national netball team include coming in sixth place at the 2010 Nations Cup and coming in fourth at the 2010", "\"New Zealand national netball team\"\nWorld Rankings, behind Australia and only slightly ahead of Jamaica and England. The Silver Ferns compete annually for the Constellation Cup a home-and-away test series with Australia, and also play test matches with other major netball countries, including England and Jamaica, on a regular basis. They have competed at every Netball World Cup since its inauguration in 1963, and in every Commonwealth Games since netball's inclusion in 1998. The Silver Ferns have won the World Cup four times (in 1967, 1979, 1987 and 2003), and have won the netball title at the Commonwealth Games twice (in 2006 and 2010). The", "\"Fiona Fowler\"\nFiona Fowler Fiona Fowler (née Themann) (b. 18 April 1990) is a professional netball player. Primarily a goal-defence and goal-keeper, Fowler is currently playing in the Australian Suncorp Super Netball League for the Adelaide Thunderbirds. Fowler was born in Shepparton, and has also represented the Scottish Thistles including appearances at the 2014 Commonwealth Games the 2015 Netball World Cup and the 2018 Commonwealth Games Fowler returned to Victoria in 2015, signing with the Victorian Fury netball team in the Australian Netball League (ANL). As part of the team's leadership group, she helped lead the Fury to back-to-back premiership title wins", "\"Netball in the Cook Islands\"\nNetball in the Cook Islands The Cook Islands compete as a part of netball's Oceania region. More than 1,000 players have registered to play the sport. Participation in the game grew during the 1970s. Much of this is possible because of the national governing organisation, the Cook Islands Netball Association which is a member of Oceania Netball Federation. Because of the level of organisation and the game's development, the country has participated at several international events including the Pacific Games, the Commonwealth Games, the World Games, the Oceania Netball Tournament, the World Youth Netball Championship, and the International Challenge Men’s", "Netball\nthe name to \"\"netball\"\" in Australia. In 1963, the first international tournament was held in Eastbourne, England. Originally called the World Tournament, it later became known as the World Netball Championships. Following the first tournament, one of the organisers, Miss R. Harris, declared, The World Netball Championships have been held every four years since, most recently in 2015. The World Youth Netball Championships started in Canberra in 1988, and have been held roughly every four years since. In 1995, the International Olympic Committee designated netball as an Olympic recognised sport. Three years later it debuted at the 1998 Commonwealth Games", "\"Canada national netball team\"\nCommonwealth Games when they beat Sri Lanka 52–49. The current Team Canada members are below. Canada is a member of the INF Americas region, with Americas Federation of Netball Associations (AFNA) being the lead agency. The Canadian national team came 5th in the 2012 AFNA Tournament in Trinidad and Tobago. Six national teams joined Canada in the 2014 AFNA Championship Tournament, held in Calgary. It was the first time that Canada hosted the tournament. The AFNA tournament serves as the INF Americas regional qualifying event for the INF Netball World Cup, where only the top 2 teams qualify. The following", "\"Karen Atkinson (netball)\"\nKaren Atkinson (netball) Karen Helen Atkinson (née Aspinall; born 7 June 1978 in Wigan, England) is an English netball coach and former international netball player. Atkinson first represented England in netball in 1994, and was selected for the senior England team in 1997. During her international career, she has won bronze medals at three Commonwealth Games (1998, 2006 and 2010), as well as in the 1999 Netball World Championships. She also won silver with the England team at the 2010 World Netball Series in Liverpool. In domestic netball, Atkinson played for the Hertfordshire Mavericks in the Netball Superleague, after having", "\"Jacqui Delaney\"\nJacqui Delaney Jacqui Delaney is an Australian netball player and coach. A veteran international goal attack and wing attack and two-time Commonwealth Bank Trophy MVP, she represented the Australian national netball team between 1997 and 2002, retiring after winning the gold medal at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. Having shifted from her native Adelaide to Sydney due to her husband, former footballer Roger Delaney, receiving a work posting there, she tested Netball Australia's residential requirement rules when requested to continue playing for the Adelaide Thunderbirds, rather than switch to a Sydney team. Her appeal was successful and she played for a", "\"Netball in Asia\"\nnot have participated otherwise. Australia's national team toured England in 1957. This tour resulted in a number of Commonwealth countries meeting together in order to try to standardise the rules of the game. The sport's name \"\"netball\"\" became official in Australia in 1970. Netball was one of the eight foundation sports when the Australian Institute of Sport was created. The national federation changed their name to Netball Australia in 1995. The Government of New South Wales committed over to creating and improving sporting facilities in the state. Some of this funding went to improving netball facilities. In Australia 80% of", "\"Tamsin Greenway\"\nTamsin Greenway Tamsin Greenway (born 6 October 1982) is an English netball player and she was a member of the England national netball team. She usually plays centre court positions. Greenway was Director of Netball for Wasps until stepping down in 2018. Greenway has been a member of the England national team since 2004/05, making her senior debut against South Africa. During her career she has competed at two Commonwealth Games (2006 and 2010) and one Netball World Championships (2007), collecting bronze medals at both Commonwealth Games. She also won silver at the 2010 World Netball Series in Liverpool. Domestically,", "\"Laura Geitz\"\nLaura Geitz Laura Geitz (born 4 November 1987) is a former Australian netball player and former captain of the Australian national team. Geitz was selected for the 2008 Australian national team, and has won a silver medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games , a Gold medal at the 2011 World Netball Championships and a Gold Medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games as captain. In domestic netball, Geitz plays for the Queensland Firebirds in the ANZ Championship. She previously captained the AIS Canberra Darters in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy. Geitz grew up in Allora, Queensland in the Darling Downs region. Geitz", "\"Vicki Wilson\"\nVicki Wilson Vicki Wilson, OAM, (born 11 February 1965 in Brisbane, Queensland) is an Australian netball coach and retired international player. She is the current head coach of the Netball Fiji side. Wilson was a part of the Australian national netball team for fifteen years, making her debut in 1985. Wilson became captain of the Australian netball team in 1996, while on the comeback trail from a knee injury sustained at the 1995 Netball World Championships. In 1998 she led the Australian team to the first ever netball gold medal at the Commonwealth Games and in 1999 she retired on", "\"Geography of netball\"\nplaying country in Oceania, with over 1,000 registered members. The game became popular during the 1970s, and is an important sport in the region. The country has participated at several international events including the Pacific Games, the Commonwealth Games, the Netball World Championships, the World Games, the Oceania Netball Tournament, the World Youth Netball Championship, and the International Challenge Men's and Mixed Netball Tournament. Netball has a lot of grass roots support and is an important part of life for many women on the islands. The sport's popularity is partly due to the influence of New Zealand, where Cook Island", "\"Commonwealth Bank Trophy\"\nsmaller venues, such as Melbourne's Waverley Netball Centre were already becoming too small. People had to be turned away at some later games; an event that had rarely, if ever, happened in the Mobil League. The Commonwealth Bank Trophy received a major boost in 2006, receiving a prime-time television deal with on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's ABC2 digital-only channel. This saw matches televised live every Friday night for the first time, with additional highlights packages broadcast on regular free-to-air television. Commonwealth Bank Trophy The Commonwealth Bank Trophy was the pre-eminent national netball competition in Australia from 1997 to 2007. It", "\"Jamaica national netball team\"\nIndies Tournament held in August that year in Montserrat. Since their first international game in 1959, the Sunshine Girls have participated in every World Netball Championships, finishing no lower than sixth. Jamaica placed third in three World Championships – in 1991, 2003 and 2007. They have played in all four Commonwealth Games netball events to date, winning a bronze medal in 2002 in Manchester and 2014 in Glasgow, Scotland. Jamaica also won a silver medal. Pitterson was appointed the new head coach for the Sunshine Girls at the 2011 World Netball Championships in Singapore. Longstanding captain Simone Forbes did not", "\"Nicole Aiken-Pinnock\"\nlevel, and for Sirens (netball) in the Netball Superleague. She captained the team to bronze at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Nicole Aiken-Pinnock Nicole Alicia Aiken-Pinnock (née Aiken; born 11 December 1985) is a Jamaican netball player. Pinnock started playing international representative netball as early as 2004, although she made her senior debut in the Jamaican national team, the Sunshine Girls, at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. In 2007, Pinnock received a four-year scholarship to play basketball with Lamar University in Texas, where she played center for the Cardinals. However, in 2008 it was reported that Pinnock had given up", "\"Madison Robinson\"\nGames, where she was part of the team that won the Silver medal. She announced her retirement from international netball in July 2018. Madison Robinson Madison Robinson (née Browne; born 5 January 1988) is an Australian netball player in the Suncorp Super Netball league, playing for the Collingwood Magpies. Madison Robinson played for South Barwon Football and Netball Club when she was younger. Her sister Kelsey Browne also played in A grade for South Barwon and now plays for the Sunshine Coast Lightning in the Suncorp Super Netball league. Robinson made her domestic league debut in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy", "\"Sonya Hardcastle\"\nSonya Hardcastle Sonya Hardcastle (born 16 April 1972) is a New Zealand former international netball player. An attacking midcourt player, Hardcastle was first selected for the New Zealand national netball team, the Silver Ferns, in 1992. She sustained a back injury the following year, which kept her out of the 1993 World Games. Outside of netball, Hardcastle was stalked several times during her early international career. After taking time out to focus on studies, Hardcastle rejoined the Silver Ferns in 1997, and went on to win silver medals at the 1998 Commonwealth Games and 1999 Netball World Championships. With the", "\"Sonya Hardcastle\"\nSonya Hardcastle Sonya Hardcastle (born 16 April 1972) is a New Zealand former international netball player. An attacking midcourt player, Hardcastle was first selected for the New Zealand national netball team, the Silver Ferns, in 1992. She sustained a back injury the following year, which kept her out of the 1993 World Games. Outside of netball, Hardcastle was stalked several times during her early international career. After taking time out to focus on studies, Hardcastle rejoined the Silver Ferns in 1997, and went on to win silver medals at the 1998 Commonwealth Games and 1999 Netball World Championships. With the", "\"History of netball\"\nto the INF World Rankings. Major international competitions in the immediate future include the 2013 World Youth Netball Championships and the 2014 Commonwealth Games, both held in Glasgow. Fast5 tournaments have emerged in several countries following the introduction of the World Netball Series in 2009. Efforts were also started in England in 2008 advocating netball's inclusion in the Summer Olympic Games programme, either as a demonstration sport or as a fully competitive sport in future Games. History of netball The history of netball can be traced to the early development of basketball. A year after basketball was invented in 1891,", "\"Laura Geitz\"\nthe Liz Ellis Diamonds Award in 2011. She has 32 Test Caps for Australia. In 2013, she led the Australian team for the first time, winning the Constellation Cup against New Zealand. In 2014, Geitz was named captain of the Australian Netball Team to compete at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Under her captaincy the team defeated the New Zealand National Netball Team in the gold medal match, ending Australia's 12-year gold medal drought at the Commonwealth Games. In 2015, Geitz captained the Queensland Firebirds to the championship, winning over the New South Wales Swifts to secure the ANZ Championship for", "\"Fiji national netball team\"\nFiji national netball team The Fiji national netball team represents Fiji in international netball competition. Fiji have competed at five World Netball Championships, finishing sixth in their best placing at the 1999 tournament. They have also competed at two Commonwealth Games, and won the netball event at the South Pacific Games for a number of years. They have won gold at every games since 1991. They are also the current Pacific Champions, winning the all Pacific Series since its inception. As of 7 March 2018, the Fijian team are twelfth in the IFNA World Rankings. They were captained by Matila", "\"Commonwealth Games\"\nflag and Queen's Baton, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. Over 5,000 athletes compete at the Commonwealth Games in more than 15 different sports and more than 250 events. The first, second, and third-place finishers in each event receive Commonwealth Games medals: gold, silver, and bronze, respectively. Apart from many Olympic sports, the games also include some sports that are played predominantly in Commonwealth countries but which are not part of the Olympic programme, such as lawn bowls, netball and squash. Although there are currently 53 members of the Commonwealth of Nations, 71 teams currently participate in the", "\"Uganda at the 2018 Commonwealth Games\"\nUganda at the 2018 Commonwealth Games Uganda competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in the Gold Coast, Australia from April 4 to April 15, 2018. Netball player Peace Proscovia was the country's flag bearer during the opening ceremony. The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline. Uganda participated with four athletes (two men and two women) Uganda participated with a team of 5 athletes (5 men). Uganda participated with 2 athletes (2 men). Uganda qualified a netball team by virtue of being ranked in the top 11 (excluding the host nation, Australia) of", "\"Sri Lanka national netball team\"\neleven teams who participated in the first Netball World Cup. For Ceylon, they would finish in ninth place as they get a win over Wales and Northern Ireland. In 1972, the Netball Federation of Sri Lanka was created. In 1983, Netball Federation of Sri Lanka was dissolved by the government. England's record against Ceylon in international matches between 1949 and 1976 was one win. Sri Lanka took part in the 1960 Netball Meeting of Commonwealth countries to try to standardise the rules for the game. This meeting took place in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka competed in the 7th Asian Youth", "\"Malawi national netball team\"\njust narrowly missing out on the finals. This followed a draw against Australia in the 2010 Edition. Airtel Malawi is a significant financial donor of the Malawi Queens, having sponsored their trip to Auckland for the Fast5 World Series in 2014 to a sum of K6 M. The current Netball Association of Malawi (NAM) president is Carol Bapu. At the 2018 Commonwealth Games, Malawi defeated the second-ranked team in the world, New Zealand, for the first time in history. Malawi national netball team The Malawi national netball team, nicknamed \"\"The Queens\"\", represent Malawi in international netball competition. Malawi have played", "\"Netball in Trinidad and Tobago\"\nseconds to shoot the ball. The sport was first played in England in 1895 at a woman’s college in Kent England. Madame Ostenburg’s College for women. this was a physical training school for ladies Netball's popularity continued to grow, with the game being played in many British Commonwealth countries. The two iconic women who made this sport so readily accepted were Lystra Lewis and Eugenia Theodosia Pierre Lystra Lewis Trinidad Netball was influenced greatly by Lystra Lewis, her career started as a youth in high school. Miss Lewis played for Tranquility secondary school in netball and later played club netball", "\"Netball in Asia\"\nIndian club sides. By 1952, Sri Lankan clubs were playing Indian club sides. In 1956, Sri Lanka played its first international match against Australia's national team in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka took part in the 1960 netball meeting of Commonwealth countries to try to standardise the rules for the game. This meeting took place in Sri Lanka. In 1972, the Netball Federation of Sri Lanka was created. In 1983, Netball Federation of Sri Lanka was dissolved by the government. Sri Lanka had a national team compete in the fifth Asian Netball Championship held in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 2001. Sri", "\"Eboni Usoro-Brown\"\nagainst Malawi. She was part of the English netball team where England went onto host the 2009 World Netball Series and was ultimately her first Championship since her debut. Eboni has also served as a key member of the national team at the 2010 Commonwealth Games where England secured a bronze medal in the team event and also played a key part in clinching a silver medal for England in the 2010 World Netball Series. Eboni also named as one of the members of the English netball team for the 2011 World Netball Championships where England settled for the bronze", "\"Geography of netball\"\nSri Lanka. By 1952, Sri Lankan clubs were playing Indian club sides. In 1956, Sri Lanka played its first international match against Australia's national team in Sri Lanka. The 1960 netball meeting of Commonwealth countries to try to standardise the rules for the game took place in Sri Lanka. The Netball Federation of Sri Lanka was created in 1972, before being dissolved by the government in 1983. Sri Lanka had a national team compete in the fifth Asian Netball Championship held in Colombo. As of August 2015, the women's national team was ranked number twenty-four in the world. Netball is", "\"Pamela Cookey\"\nin the England national netball team as a seventeen-year-old, for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, but was unable to participate due to a knee injury. She was also named in the team the following year, but withdrew due to study commitments at the University of Bath. She made her senior debut with England in 2004 against Australia, and two years later won a bronze medal with the England team at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. She won a second Commonwealth Games bronze medal in 2010, and later that year won silver at the World Netball Series. Cookey is UK Soft", "\"Australia national netball team\"\nfinal of the 1999 tournament, which was played in Christchurch before a hostile audience. The Diamonds have won eight of nine Constellation Cups between the nations. In more recent years, Australia have developed a keen rivalry with the England Roses. The Roses' thrilling win over the Diamonds in the final match of the 2018 Commonwealth Games was labelled \"\"the biggest gold medal upset in the history of the Commonwealth Games\"\" by \"\"The Australian\"\". Prior to 2008 the team was simply known as the Australian national netball team. In the second half of the year Netball Australia formally adopted the nickname", "\"Caitlin Bassett\"\nquarters at goal shooter for the Australian Netball Diamonds in their series win 4-1 against the New Zealand Silver Ferns. In 2014 she continued at the West Coast Fever. Following the finish of the 2014 ANZ Championship Basset was named in the Australian Netball Diamonds to compete at the 2014 Commonwealth Games who went on to claim gold medal. She again represented the Diamonds at the 2015 Netball World Cup and at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. She was selected in the Australian Diamonds squad for the 2018/19 international season. Caitlin Bassett Caitlin Bassett (born 23 May 1988) is an Australian", "\"Maleta Roberts\"\nMaleta Roberts Maleta Roberts (born 25 April 1985) is a Papua New Guinean international netball player. Roberts was a member of the Papua New Guinea national team that played in the 2007 Arafura Games and the 2007 Netball World Championships, and subsequently at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. In 2013 was appointed Co-Captain of the PNG Pepes for the Pacific Series in Samoa. She also played with the Queensland Firebirds in Australia's Commonwealth Bank Trophy, and played with the Queensland Fusion in the inaugural Australian Netball League. At State League level, Roberts played in the Holden Astra Cup (Tier 1) and", "\"Netball in India\"\nHandball, Netball and Throwball games in India. His effortd in Germany during Munich Olympics (1972) helped in making these a legacy in India. India had a national team compete in the fifth Asian Netball Championships in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 2001. National team captains include Prachi Tehlan, who captained the side that competed in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. Some of the important netball competitions held in India include: Some of the top performances for the India national netball team include: Netball in India Women started playing netball in India as early as 1926. The Sports Authority of India", "\"Natalie Avellino\"\ncontributions to netball as player. Natalie Avellino Natalie Ann Allison Avellino (born 15 December 1970) is a retired Australian netballer, and former assistant coach of the Southern Steel netball team in the ANZ Championship. She made the Australia national netball team from 1994–1995 and again from 2004-2006 which included key competitions like one world championships and one Commonwealth Games. She was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. Domestically, Avellino played for three Australian Commonwealth Bank Trophy teams, the Adelaide Ravens, Sydney Sandpipers and the Sydney Swifts. In 2004 she fell out with Netball Australia and was drafted to New", "\"Constellation Cup\"\nConstellation Cup The Constellation Cup is contested by the Australian national netball team and the New Zealand national netball team. It is awarded each year to the team that wins the most test matches between the two, excluding games played as part of multinational tournaments such as the Netball World Championships and Commonwealth Games. The trophy cup was first publicly unveiled in August 2010. Designed and made by Australian Michael Wilson, of Michael Wilson Diamond Jewellers, to be representative of Australia and New Zealand, its name is inspired by the Southern Cross constellation which appears on both nations flags, and", "\"Tracey Neville\"\nTracey Neville Tracey Anne Neville MBE (born 21 January 1977) is a retired English netball player and head coach of the England national netball team. Tracey was the England team coach for the 2018 Commonwealth Games, leading England to Gold against the hosts Australia, winning 52-51 at the Gold Coast. Neville attended Elton High School in Bury along with her older brother Gary and her twin Phil. She started playing netball at county level when she was 14. Neville played for Leeds Met Carnegie in the British Netball Superleague, after being out injured for two years, and worked as a", "\"Caroline O'Hanlon\"\nplayed in the Netball Superleague for Team Northumbria, UWS Sirens and Manchester Thunder. Since 2002 O'Hanlon has represented Northern Ireland in various international netball competitions, including the 2003 and 2011 World Netball Championships and the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games. She also carried the flag of Northern Ireland during the 2018 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony. She was also a member of the Northern Ireland teams that won the 2009 and 2015 Nations Cups. She was Player of the Tournament at the latter tournament. At the 2015 tournament O'Hanlon was one of three Ladies' Gaelic football county captains to represent Northern", "\"Geography of netball\"\nnetball meeting of Commonwealth countries to try to standardise the rules for the game. New Zealand has a history of netball being a spectator sport with the games being televised on Television New Zealand. The 1999 Netball World Championships final between Australia and New Zealand was the highest rated program ever on New Zealand television. New Zealand also has a men's national team that has competed in the 2009 and 2011 International Challenge Men's and Mixed Netball Tournament. As of August 2015, the women's national team was ranked number two in the world. The Cook Islands are a major netball", "\"Nicola Lewis\"\nto go to the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia. Nicola Lewis Nicola Lewis (born 9 February 1977) was a Welsh netball player, playing in the positions of Goal Shooter and Goal Attack. Lewis has represented Wales at all age groups and appeared as a member of the Wales national netball team at the World Youth Cup in Canada in 1996. She has gained 29 caps for Wales including the 1999 Netball World Championships in Christchurch, NZ and the 2002 European Netball Championships. She was selected as part of the squad of 17 to represent Wales at the 2002 Commonwealth", "\"Taini Jamison Trophy\"\nTaini Jamison Trophy The Taini Jamison Trophy is an international netball tournament hosted in New Zealand by the Netball New Zealand organisation. The trophy is contested by the New Zealand national team and at least one touring national team each year. Consequently the format for the competition can vary on a yearly basis. The Taini Jamison Trophy was introduced in 2008 to mark instances when any netballing nation, other than Australia, plays the Silver Ferns on New Zealand soil. When New Zealand and Australia meet in non-World Cup or Commonwealth Games fixtures, the two nations play-off for the Constellation Cup.", "\"Maryka Holtzhausen\"\nthe first player from her country to line up in the UK's leading competition, the Netball Superleague, joining Loughborough Lightning for the 2015 season. She has also played for Free State Crinums and Spar Proteas She's played for Severn Stars for the 2018 season and she'll be back for the 2019 season. Maryka Holtzhausen Maryka Holtzhausen (born 2 June 1987) is a South African netball player. She plays in the positions of GA and WA. She is a member of the South Africa national netball team, and competed in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi and the 2011 World Netball", "\"Tracey Neville\"\nNeville was named coach of Team Northumbria. October 2011 she was appointed director of netball at Manchester-based Superleague club Manchester Thunder. In March 2015 Neville was appointed interim coach of the England netball team. The appointment was made permanent in September 2015. She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to netball. At the 2018 Commonwealth Games, at the Gold Coast in Australia, she coached England to win the gold medal, which was England's first ever netball gold medal. They defeated Australia in the final 52-51. Neville was", "\"Serena Guthrie\"\nWorld Netball Series as well as a bronze medal at the 2011 Netball World Championships . She was also a part of the team that whitewashed Australia in January 2013, the first time the Diamonds had been whitewashed in a series since 2004. Guthrie was an influential contributor to England's gold medal successes at the 2017 Fast5 Netball World Series and 2018 Commonwealth Games. She was appointed captain of the team for the series against Uganda in November 2018. Serena Guthrie Serena Guthrie (born 5 January 1990) is a netball player from Jersey who plays internationally for England. She plays", "\"Prachi Tehlan\"\nPrachi Tehlan Prachi Tehlan (born 2 October 1993) is an Indian netball and basketball player, and an actress. Prachi is former captain of the Indian Netball Team which represented India in the 2010 Commonwealth Games and in other major Asian Championships in 2010-11. Under her captaincy, the Indian team won its first medal in 2011 South Asian Beach Games. She has been given the title of “Queen of The Court” by The Times of India & “Lass of The Rings” by The Indian Express. She is the brand ambassador of Netball Development Trust India for 2011-2017. She made her acting", "\"Netball in New Zealand\"\n1987 and 2003 – and have always finished in the top three places. The majority of finals have been contested between New Zealand and Australia. Netball has been a core sport in the Commonwealth Games since 1998. New Zealand and Australia have contested all four gold medal matches: Australia won the gold medal in 1998 and 2002, while New Zealand has won gold in 2006 and 2010. The gold medal matches in 2002 and 2010 were two of the most closely contested matches in netball history, both going into double extra time. 2018 Commonwealth Games had the England Roses take", "\"Simone Thurtell\"\nMelbourne Commonwealth Games, 2006 New Delhi Commonwealth Games. She also provides commentary of international netball test matches, also calling the Gold medal netball match at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. She matriculated from Santa Sabina College. Simone Thurtell Simone Thurtell was a presenter for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's ABC Local Radio's Grandstand program. She formerly shared the hosting of the summer Grandstand program with others including Karen Tighe, Tracy Holmes and Peter Walsh and was also the ABC's around-the-ground reporter during international cricket matches played at the SCG. She is probably best known for her Grandstand Active Show which featured regular", "\"AIS Canberra Darters\"\nThe Darters remained an important development ground for Australian netball, with many players subsequently moving on to careers with other Commonwealth Bank Trophy teams. In 2008, when the ANZ Championship season began, Netball Australia created a league called the Australian Netball League for up and coming players not yet ready for ANZ level. The first season would feature ten teams including one from each State, Territory and also including and AIS side (separate to ACT) and extra New South Wales side. The ACT team was decided to be recalled as the Canberra Darters, continuing from the Commonwealth Bank Trophy days.", "\"Jamaica national netball team\"\nGames and also captained them at the 2015 Netball World Cup. The team has since won bronze medals in both the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games, with the latter medal having been won against two-time gold medallists New Zealand. Jamaica's kits are currently supplied by Gilbert. Jamaica national netball team The Jamaica national netball team, commonly known as the Sunshine Girls, represent Jamaica in international netball competition. Netball is not only the number one women's sport in Jamaica but also the number one team sport in the island, based on World Rankings and recent history and the majority of the", "\"State Netball and Hockey Centre\"\n7 of their 14 home games back to their previous home, now called Hisense Arena, in an attempt to take advantage of that arena's 10,500 capacity. For the 2006 Melbourne Commonwealth Games the facility was used for all the hockey games and netball preliminary. As part of an initiative in conjunction with the Commonwealth Games in 2004 the Centre received a grant from the Smart Water Trust to recycle water from the hockey pitches and the roof structure. The recycled water substitutes for drinking water to water the hockey pitches and is expected to reduce water usage by 78%. State", "\"Netball New Zealand\"\nusually televised in New Zealand. The New Zealand A, New Zealand U21 and New Zealand Secondary Schools teams also compete internationally. The INF Netball World Cup represents the highest level of competitive netball in the world. The Silver Ferns have competed at each tournament, the first of which started in 1963. New Zealand has won three Championships – in 1967, 1987 and 2003 – and have always finished in the top three places. The majority of finals have been contested between New Zealand and Australia. Netball has been a core sport in the Commonwealth Games since 1998. New Zealand and", "\"Jenny Borlase\"\nContax Netball Club. She represented South Australia in national championships and then the Adelaide Ravens in the national league. Borlase represented Australia from 1989–1999, contributing strongly with her uncanny goalscoring ability, and was a part of successful world champion campaigns in 1991, 1995, and 1999. She also won Gold at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur. Borlase joined the Netball SA Board in 2008 after 3 years on the Netball Victoria Board. She has held many different positions within netball from Australian player to coach, commentator and selector. Jenny Borlase Jenny Borlase is a three-time world champion and Commonwealth", "\"Welsh Netball Association\"\nthe Commonwealth Games and the Netball World Championships. Wales were European Champions in 2001. The World Youth Netball Championship was held in Cardiff in July 2000. The Welsh Netball Association is based in the Sport Wales National Centre, Sophia Gardens, Cardiff. Welsh Netball Association The Welsh Netball Association () (founded 1945) (WNA) is the national governing body for netball in Wales. The WNA is responsible for national championships, Welsh squad selection, international matches, the training and development of players, coaches and umpires and for the Sport Wales National Centre Netball Academy, Cardiff. The Welsh Netball Association was a founder member", "\"Natalie Avellino\"\nNatalie Avellino Natalie Ann Allison Avellino (born 15 December 1970) is a retired Australian netballer, and former assistant coach of the Southern Steel netball team in the ANZ Championship. She made the Australia national netball team from 1994–1995 and again from 2004-2006 which included key competitions like one world championships and one Commonwealth Games. She was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. Domestically, Avellino played for three Australian Commonwealth Bank Trophy teams, the Adelaide Ravens, Sydney Sandpipers and the Sydney Swifts. In 2004 she fell out with Netball Australia and was drafted to New Zealand playing for the Invercargill-based", "Netball\nKong. According to the IFNA, over 20 million people play netball in more than 80 countries. International tournaments are held among countries in each of the five IFNA regions, either annually or every four years. School leagues and national club competitions have been organised in England, Australia, New Zealand and Jamaica since the early twentieth century. Franchise-based netball leagues did not emerge until the late 1990s. These competitions sought to increase the profile of the sport in their respective countries. Despite widespread local interest, participation was largely amateur. Netball was first included in the 1998 Commonwealth Games and has been", "\"Belinda Colling\"\nBelinda Colling Belinda Louise Colling (born 12 September 1975) is a former New Zealand international netball and women's basketball representative. As a netballer, Colling represented New Zealand 91 times between 1996 and 2006, playing in the Silver Ferns in three Commonwealth Games and in two Netball World Championships. In National Bank Cup netball, she played first for the Otago Rebels (1998–2000), before moving to the Canterbury Flames in 2001. She played with the Christchurch-based side until initially retiring in 2005, moving to Scotland with husband Charlie Hore for his rugby career. She returned to New Zealand and the National Bank", "\"Netball in Oceania\"\nthat comes close is golf, which has 128,860 male and female players. Ninety-eight percent of New Zealand netball players are female. The sports with the next highest rates of female participation are field hockey and horse racing, both at sixty-four percent. Netball is extremely popular amongst Māori women, who are more active in sport in general than their white counterparts. New Zealand took part in the 1960 netball meeting of Commonwealth countries to try to standardise the rules for the game. New Zealand has a history of netball being a spectator sport with the games being televised on TVNZ. The", "\"Melbourne Arena\"\nsuch as music concerts where general floor seating or standing room is available. For basketball, netball and tennis the capacity is 10,500. When the velodrome is in use the northern and southern banks of seats, which cover the turns of the velodrome, are raised to reveal the track while the floor seating is removed leaving a reduced capacity of 4,500. The arena has been used for netball for Melbourne Phoenix and Melbourne Kestrels games in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy. Melbourne Phoenix and the Melbourne Kestrels played their last home game there before merging to become the Melbourne Vixens who used", "\"Commonwealth of Nations\"\nis held every four years; the 2014 Commonwealth Games were held in Glasgow, Scotland, and the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia. Birmingham is set to be the host for 2022 Commonwealth Games. As well as the usual athletic disciplines, as at the Summer Olympic Games, the games include sports particularly popular in the Commonwealth, such as bowls, netball, and rugby sevens. Started in 1930 as the Empire Games, the games were founded on the Olympic model of amateurism, but were deliberately designed to be \"\"the Friendly Games\"\", with the goal of promoting relations between Commonwealth countries and celebrating", "Netball\nthe other four. Netball is not a required sport and has missed selection, particularly when former French or American territories host the games. The ANZ Championship was a Trans-Tasman competition held between 2008 and 2016 that was broadcast on television in both New Zealand and Australia. It was contested among ten teams from Australia and New Zealand. It began in April 2008, succeeding Australia's Commonwealth Bank Trophy and New Zealand's National Bank Cup as the pre-eminent netball league in those countries. The competition was held annually between April and July, consisting of 69 matches played over 17 weeks. The ANZ", "\"Adelaide Johnson (netball player)\"\nthe game, when a contact call went in Johnson’s favour and her opponent, Jamaican Goal Shooter Romelda Akien was penalised. Despite offers from both the Swifts and the Mystics Johnson did not sign to play in the 2009 ANZ Championship season. Adelaide Johnson (netball player) Adelaide Johnson (born 8 October 1986) is an Australian netball player. Johnson played with the Sydney Swifts in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy from 2005–07, winning two premierships in the last two years of the competition. With the start of the ANZ Championship in 2008, Johnson was selected to play for the New South Wales Swifts", "\"Geography of netball\"\nstarted playing netball in India as early as 1926. The Sports Authority of India and the Government of India has provided funded for the country's youth national team. In 2001 India's national team competed in the fifth Asian Netball Championship in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Important netball competitions held in India include the 2010 Commonwealth Games, and the 7th Asian Youth Netball Championship. The Indian national netball team's best results have been placing sixth at the 2010 Nations Cup and fourth at the 2010 Asian Youth Netball Championship. Netball is the most popular women's sport in Malaysia. The national organisation, the", "\"Netball and the Olympic Movement\"\nlater that year because the sport did not meet all the criteria established and it was not yet a global sport. The IOC viewed the sport as one belonging only to the Commonwealth of Nations. While the netball was rejected for a third time, the New Zealand hosts of the 1990 Commonwealth Games managed to get the sport to have demonstration status, with the news of this being announced in 1987. That same year, netball also gained full member status from the General Assembly of International Sports Federations In the mean time, the IOC did provide the Federation with a", "\"New Zealand at the 1998 Commonwealth Games\"\nNew Zealand at the 1998 Commonwealth Games New Zealand (abbreviated NZL) sent a team of 217 competitors and 80 officials to the 1998 Commonwealth Games, which were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The flagbearer at the opening ceremony was Graeme Miller, and at the closing ceremony Darren Liddel. New Zealand has competed in every games, starting with the first British Empire Games in 1930 at Hamilton, Ontario. Selection is the responsibility of the New Zealand Olympic Committee. <br> New Zealand was sixth in the medal table in 1998. Athletics: Cycling: Rugby sevens: Shooting: Weightlifting: Cycling: Netball: Shooting: Athletics: Badminton: Boxing:", "\"Mo'onia Gerrard\"\nstreak against New Zealand in mid-2006, and Gerrard has laid claim to the goal defence position ever since. In November 2007 Gerrard played a key role for Australia when it won the Netball World Championships beating New Zealand in Auckland. She missed the Diamond's inaugural World Netball Series campaign in 2009 with an ankle injury, but rejoined the national team for the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, winning silver. She also played at the 2011 World Netball Championships in Singapore, primarily as a wing defence. Gerrard has earned herself 68 Test Caps for Australia. Mo'onia Gerrard Mo'onia Gerrard (born 15", "\"Commonwealth Bank Trophy\"\ntheir mascots was condescending and sexist, and some felt that the new uniforms were using sex to sell the games. The changes had an immediate impact in terms of sponsorship, as the Commonwealth Bank signed on as naming rights sponsor and several others followed suit, bringing in far more than the Mobil League had. They also brought sizeable media attention in the months leading up to the first season of the new Commonwealth Bank Trophy. While netball authorities were disappointed with the low turnout at the early games, crowds rose substantially throughout the first season, and by its end, some" ]

[ false, true, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false ]

[ "Annie Get Your Gun" ]

[ "\"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)\"\nAnything You Can Do (I Can Do Better) \"\"Anything You Can Do\"\" is a song composed by Irving Berlin for the 1946 Broadway musical \"\"Annie Get Your Gun\"\". The song is a duet, with one male singer and one female singer attempting to outdo each other in increasingly complex tasks. In the musical, the song sets the scene for the climactic sharpshooting contest between Annie Oakley and Frank Butler. Its most memorable lines are, \"\"Anything you can do I can do better; I can do anything better than you.\"\" The song was first performed in \"\"Annie Get Your Gun\"\" by", "\"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)\"\nEthel Merman and Ray Middleton. During the song, they argue playfully about who can, for example, sing softer, sing higher, sing sweeter, and hold a note for longer, and boast of their abilities and accomplishments, such as opening safes and living on bread and cheese, although Annie always seems to counter Frank's argument. Neither can \"\"bake a pie,\"\" though. Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better) \"\"Anything You Can Do\"\" is a song composed by Irving Berlin for the 1946 Broadway musical \"\"Annie Get Your Gun\"\". The song is a duet, with one male singer and one female singer", "\"List song\"\nthe Top\"\" Porter pays tribute to his colleague Irving Berlin by including the item \"\"You're the top! You're a Berlin ballad.\"\" Irving Berlin would likewise often write songs in the genre, notable examples include \"\"My Beautiful Rhinestone Girl\"\" from \"\"Face the Music\"\" (1932), a list song that starts of with a sequence of similes, \"\"Outside of That I Love You\"\" from \"\"Louisiana Purchase\"\", and \"\"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)\"\" a challenge-duet, and Berlin's starkest antithesis-driven list song, \"\"You Can't Get a Man with a Gun\"\", and \"\"Doin' What Comes Natur'lly\"\", all three from the 1946 musical \"\"Annie", "\"Better on the Other Side\"\nthe Other Side\"\" opens with a piano-accompanied soundscape starts off with Diddy \"\"testifying\"\" about Jackson's influence with the lyrics, \"\"I believed I can do anything,\"\" he says. \"\"You made the world dance. You made the music come to life.\"\" Then a \"\"thunderous bass drops\"\" in, led by Brown's vocals on the chorus, \"\"This the type of song that makes the angels cry/ Look up in the sky and I wonder why/ Why you had to go, go/ I know it's better on the other side.\"\" The song concludes with one last statement from Diddy, \"\"People can say what they want", "\"Better on the Other Side\"\npeople worldwide, as well as reflecting on their own personal memories of Jackson. In the song's lyrics Diddy opens the song with Jackson's influence in the lyrics \"\"I believed I can do anything,\"\" he says. \"\"You made the world dance. You made the music come to life.\"\" Brown's part of the song is the chorus, where he described the grief of Jackson's death and noting that \"\"I know it's better on the other side.\"\" On The Game's verses he reflects on Jackson's influence on him growing up and comparing himself to Jackson. Towards the ending on the song The Game", "\"This Country Is Bad Ass\"\nwe decided to come up with this track. I just want people to know that I love my country, this is home. Even though I wasn't born here, I'm so proud to be here” She also stated, “People have kind of forgotten that working hard is huge, and that's what you need to do to get where you want. You can't just sit back and let things happen, and the great thing about this country is you can work for what you want. You can sit there and not do anything, and that's where you'll be for the rest of", "\"Anything You Can Do (Desperate Housewives)\"\nin but Andrew drives away in his car. After getting rejected by his father, Andrew returns home drunk and accidentally runs over Juanita Solis, who had just caught Gabrielle and John in bed, having visited the Alpine Garden Society. The episode title \"\"Anything You Can Do\"\" comes from the musical, \"\"Annie Get Your Gun\"\". (See \"\"Anything You Can Do (song)\"\") Anything You Can Do (Desperate Housewives) \"\"Anything You Can Do\"\" is the seventh episode of the ABC television series, \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\". The episode was the seventh episode for the show's first season. The episode was written by John Pardee and", "\"Bat Out of Hell: Live with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra\"\nWould Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)\"\" in addition to the track \"\"Couldn't Have Said It Better\"\" and a bonus DVD for the limited edition. All compositions by Jim Steinman except where noted. All compositions by Jim Steinman except where noted. Its DVD release had extra songs from the concert not on the CD. It is missing \"\"Heaven Can Wait\"\", \"\"I'd Lie For You (And That's The Truth)\"\" and \"\"Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through\"\" which were recorded as soundchecks. All compositions by Jim Steinman except where noted. Musical director — Kasim Sulton Bat Out of Hell:", "\"Anything You Can Do (game show)\"\nchoosing the occupation of \"\"newspaper carrier\"\" was required to ride a bicycle down a narrow yellow line (without veering from it) and throw several newspapers at targets. She lost control of the bicycle, fell to the studio floor, and apparently broke a bone. Wood mentioned other contestants being injured as well. The title of the show is inspired by a 1946 song called \"\"Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better\"\" from the hit broadway musical \"\"Annie Get Your Gun\"\" (composed by Irving Berlin) as a sprirted duet with one male singer and one female singer attempting to outdo each", "\"Right to silence\"\nhave to say anything unless you wish to do so, but I must warn you that if you fail to mention any fact which you rely on in your defence in court, your failure to take this opportunity to mention it may be treated in court as supporting any relevant evidence against you. If you do wish to say anything, what you say may be given in evidence. or even (in circumstances where no adverse inference can be drawn from silence): You do not have to say anything, but anything you do say may be given in evidence. The Criminal", "\"The Final Passage\"\nMichael, why you don't say something? You being too damn quiet for my reasoning.\"\" \"\"Well, I think you right some of the way but I don't think it can be anything but good for a young family. I mean there is where all the opportunity is, and it don't mean to say we can't come back here with some profits after we finish working over there if it's so we choose to do. Millie was quick to speak again. \"\"So just tell me how many people you see coming back from England with anything except the clothes they standing up", "\"Swamp Dogg\"\nDuck. I wanted to sing about everything and anything and not be pigeonholed by the industry. So I came up with the name Dogg because a dog can do anything, and anything a dog does never comes as a real surprise; if he sleeps on the sofa, shits on the rug, pisses on the drapes, chews up your slippers, humps your mother-in-law's leg, jumps on your new clothes and licks your face, he's never gotten out of character. You understand what he did, you curse while making allowances for him but your love for him never diminishes. Commencing in 1970,", "\"The Ride (Nelly Furtado album)\"\nemerged from Congleton's criticism of the pre-prepared GarageBand demos Furtado had created in preparation for their sessions. She explained: \"\"He didn't like anything. Then, luckily, I remembered this melody – the chorus of \"\"Flatline\"\" – and I sang it to him, and he was, 'Well, I like that. Let's do that.' He had already booked session players for the next day. I showed him my first draft of the lyrics for [the song] and he was tinkering away at the music, and he said, 'Those are all right, but I think you can do better. I think you can dig", "\"Elon Musk\"\nof destiny involved\"\" in humanity's transition to a multi-planetary species, rather than \"\"just physics,\"\" Musk responded: Well, I do. Do I think that there's some sort of master intelligence architecting all of this stuff? I think probably not because then you have to say: \"\"Where does the master intelligence come from?\"\" So it sort of begs the question. So I think really you can explain this with the fundamental laws of physics. You know it's complex phenomenon from simple elements. Musk has stated that he does not pray, or worship any being, although he asked \"\"any entities that [were] listening\"\"", "\"Robert Kanigher\"\na balloon from one panel and put it in the next. Just because I was distributing space. I was so stupid and naive, I said to him, \"\"It doesn't bother you, does it, that I sometimes switch some of the panels around and move some of the balloons from one panel to another?\"\" He started to chew me out in the elevator! \"\"Who the hell do you think you are, changing my stuff? Where do you come off changing my stuff? You don't know anything about this business!\"\" Reuniting with Andru, Kanigher co-created the \"\"Rose & The Thorn\"\" back up", "\"I Can Do Without You\"\nout that Hickok was being sarcastic and that he trusts her \"\"about as much as I do a blind rattlesnake with a new button on its tail.\"\" The song is a comical male-female quarrel, with Calamity and Hickok exchanging comic insults, somewhat reminiscent of \"\"Anything You Can Do\"\" from \"\"Annie Get Your Gun\"\". I Can Do Without You \"\"I Can Do Without You\"\" is a popular song, with music by Sammy Fain and lyrics by Paul Francis Webster. The song was included in the 1953 film, \"\"Calamity Jane\"\". It was performed by Doris Day and Howard Keel. Doris Day played", "\"Just Like Me (Jamie Foxx song)\"\nbe hypocritical to criticize her. Still, he struggles to accept that he was a cuckold. Eventually, he comes to the realization that he and his female-companion are just alike; Hence, the title of the song, \"\"Just Like Me\"\". The music video was directed by Brett Ratner. It was released on November 26, 2008. The theme is Jamie Foxx engaged in a series of \"\"anything you can do, I can do better\"\" style contests with Taraji P. Henson. The video ranked at #73 on BET's \"\"Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2009\"\" countdown. The official remix is a mash-up version of Usher's", "\"Tom Mankiewicz\"\nwrote for W.C. Fields. I wrote Westerns. I wrote anything when I started out. The point is, Tom sold his stuff. Now I happen to think he's better than that. Tom found it a little too easy. Instead of shooting the fourth draft of his screenplay, they shot the second. I have said to him, 'I don't think the second draft is good enough, Tom. You can do better.' But he didn't have to do better, and that was a pity. You see, Tom didn't have sitting on his tail half a dozen very good producers. Mankiewiz was unhappy at", "\"Political positions of Rudy Giuliani\"\nyears, as if there is something wrong with authority. We see only the oppressive side of authority. Maybe it comes out of our history and our background. What we don't see is that freedom is not a concept in which people can do anything they want, be anything they can be. Freedom is about authority. Freedom is about the willingness of every single human being to cede to lawful authority a great deal of discretion about what you do. You have free speech so I can be heard.\"\" Giuliani in a March 1994 speech on crime at a forum in", "\"Does This Look Infected?\"\nnever leave our homes. You can order all your groceries from the computer. You can do anything you want. You can just sit there and become fatter. And I think that's bad.\"\" Dave Baksh, a member of Sum 41, explained the meaning of the song \"\"All Messed Up\"\", saying, \"\"There's a song called 'All Messed Up,' which is about doing drugs . . . just what we feel when we're on drugs.\"\" When Whibley spoke about \"\"All Messed Up\"\", he said, \"\"It's about those kinds of nights. It's just about being really messed up and in that whole cracked-out kind", "\"English public school football games\"\nother team? Kick out the ball so that we may begin the game/Kick off, so that we can begin the match. Come, kick it here/Pass it here. You keep the goal/You keep goal. Snatch the ball from that fellow if you can/Get hold of the ball before he does, if you can manage it. Come, throw yourself against him/Go on, intercept him. Run at him/Charge him. Kick the ball back/Pass the ball back. Well done. You aren't doing anything/Well done! You’re slacking. To make a goal/To score a goal. This is the first goal, this the second, this the third/This", "\"Mamie Francis Hafley\"\nI can get along without Dick better than you can without Rene, but any time that business slacks up, or you do not need them, I will always be glad to have them come over with me; or any or all of you, as far as that is concerned. I know of no friends that I hold in higher esteem than I do you and Frank and Rene, as well as the remainder of your bunch, and I trust the friendship will continue to exist.\"\" (July 1925) Dick and Rene would go on to star in rodeos and fairs all", "\"Mike and the Mad Dog\"\nto New York \"\"Daily News\"\" media columnist Bob Raissman, \"\"Do I wish right this second I had a better relationship with Cory Lidle? Yeah, I absolutely do, (but) you got to do what you got to do. I don't know what to tell you. You can make the argument that I look like a heel. ... I've been ripping him for five or six months. Does that make me a bad guy? I'll let others evaluate that.\"\" Francesa and Russo opened their show on April 10, 2007, by weighing in on the controversy involving Don Imus and the disparaging comments", "\"Priceless (2006 film)\"\nanything and sleep with anybody just to stay in this lifestyle. Likewise, we understand—instinctively, without thinking about it or judging it—why Jean might start sleeping with an older rich woman, just so he can stay in the hotels where Irene stays. Would you want to be the person who orders the drinks or fetches the drinks? How easy would it be to go back to normal life after confirming what you never really wanted to know, that the rich really do have it better, as in a lot better, as in money really does buy happiness? So \"\"Priceless\"\" is silly,", "\"If You Can Do Anything Else\"\nall the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can’t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"\"If You Can Do Anything Else\"\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001. If You Can Do Anything Else \"\"If You Can Do Anything Else\"\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist", "\"Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations\"\nbeing able to kiss and grope women because he was \"\"a star\"\": \"\"You know I'm automatically attracted to beautiful—I just start kissing them. It's like a magnet. Just kiss. I don't even wait. And when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything... grab them by the pussy. You can do anything.\"\" Many attorneys and media commentators have said that Trump's statements described sexual assault. On October 7, Trump released a video statement in which he stated, \"\"I said it, I was wrong, and I apologize.\"\" He called the development a distraction and attempted to deflect", "\"Human (Projected album)\"\nwe’re just going to make a record in the house,” then all of a sudden you start doing it and, wait a minute, turn the Wii off, I can hear \"\"Just Dance\"\" coming through. And the landscapers are definitely in a couple of songs for sure. I heard it and we buried it enough..But just coming to terms with the sound of your voice and doing it here at home, kind of where I can do it by myself and critique the shit out of it, it’s tough when you step out for the first time and you go, I", "\"Do You Feel Like We Do\"\ncommercial with an improv riff from the song. Frampton plays the opening notes of the song for a 2012 TV commercial for the 2012 Buick Verano. The title of the song is \"\"Do You Feel Like We Do,\"\" although the lyrics read, \"\"Do you feel like I do?\"\" Only after Bob Mayo's keyboard solo in the \"\"Frampton Comes Alive!\"\" version does Frampton sing, \"\"Do you feel like we do?\"\" He then sings \"\"Do you feel like we do?\"\" through the talk box in the midst of his extended guitar solo. This song was covered by Tesla, whose version can be", "\"Lady Blue Shanghai\"\nYves Saint Laurent. According to Lynch, he was contacted by Dior with some basic guidelines: They called me up and said, 'Would you like to make a short film for the internet? You can do anything you want, you just need to show the handbag, the Pearl Tower and some old Shanghai.' ... This falls between a regular film and a commercial. I liked that idea. There are adverts and people get hit hard, and then there is this, where it is like coming at it from a different angle. The short film is Marion Cotillard's third appearance in a", "\"Musical quotation\"\nthrows in a snippet of \"\"Anything You Can Do I Can Do Better,\"\" or when the avant-garde saxophonist Ornette Coleman rebuffs a skeptical heckler at the Croydon Hall concert with a snippet of the jazz standard \"\"Cherokee\"\"). Musical quotation Musical quotation is the practice of directly quoting another work in a new composition. The quotation may be from the same composer's work (self-referential), or from a different composer's work (appropriation). Sometimes the quotation is done for the purposes of characterization, as in Puccini's use of \"\"The Star-Spangled Banner\"\" in reference to the American character Lieutenant Pinkerton in his opera \"\"Madama", "\"Richard Peck (writer)\"\nme that a novel must entertain first before it can be anything else. I learned that there is no such thing as a 'grade reading level'; a young person's 'reading level' and attention span will rise and fall according to his degree of interest. I learned that if you do not have a happy ending for the young, you had better do some fast talking.\"\" \"\"You never write about yourself; you just always wind up having written about yourself.\"\" — October 10, 2013, to a library full of 4th graders in Pleasanton, California \"\"Nobody but a reader ever became a", "\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\"\nstart making decisions,\"\" he explained, \"\"you start cutting off all of the other possibilities of things that could happen. So with every decision that you make you are removing a whole bunch of other possibilities of where that story can go or what that character can do.\"\" Given the book's sizable length, Zaillian deleted elements to match Fincher's desired running time. Even so, Zaillan took significant departures from the book. To Zaillian, there was always a \"\"low-grade\"\" anxiety, \"\"but I was never doing anything specifically to please or displease,\"\" he continued. \"\"I was simply trying to tell the story the", "\"Patricia Morrow\"\nneed a model. Somebody to say, 'You can do what you want, be what you want.' Most of them don't think they can do anything. It is only through agencies like the Legal Aid Society, that youngsters learn of outlets — where to go and how to get there.\"\" During her volunteer work, Morrow became interested in political and legal leverage. She enrolled in Glendale University College of Law, from which she graduated during her run on \"\"Return to Peyton Place\"\". On her political contribution, Morrow commented: \"\"I want to see if the democratic process works. I want to see", "\"Madan Lal Dhingra\"\nmore keen. I put forward this statement to show the justice of my cause to the outside world, and especially to our sympathizers in America and Germany. I have told you over and over again that I do not acknowledge the authority of the Court, You can do whatever you like. I do not mind at all. You can pass sentence of death on me. I do not care. You white people are all-powerful now, but, remember, it shall have our turn in the time to come, when we can do what we like. While he was being removed from", "\"John Thune\"\nmore lethal,\"\" Thune said. \"\"We'll look at the facts when we get them all in here. I think a lot of us want to do everything we can to prevent tragedies like that from happening again. You know, it's an open society. And when somebody does what he wants to do it's going to be hard to prevent anything. But I think people are going to have to take steps in their own lives to take precautions. To protect themselves. And in situations like that, you know, try to stay safe. As somebody said, get small.\"\" Prior to the selection", "\"Henry Symes Lehr\"\nhusband should be to his wife. You shall never complain of my conduct in this respect. I will give you courtesy, respect and apparently devotion. But you must expect nothing more from me. When we are alone I do not intend to keep up the miserable pretense, the farce of love and sentiment. Our marriage will never be a marriage in anything but in name. I do not love you. I can never love you. I can school myself to be polite to you but that is all. The less we see of one another except in the presence of", "\"Vs. (Pearl Jam album)\"\nGossard added that most of the songs were arranged once Vedder joined in and started singing, elaborating, \"\"You could tell when the music wanted to change just by the way he was singing.\"\" In a 2009 interview, Gossard stated, \"\"[\"\"Vs.\"\"] was probably where it felt better recording wise. I saw how it could change and evolve which gave me a lot of inspiration to go we can do ballads, we can do fast stuff, we can do slow stuff, we can do punk stuff. That was where I realized there were going to be a lot of places to go", "\"Glenn Miller discography\"\nband's there to greet us, Old friends there to meet us. Where the rich and the poor folks meet, let me take you down to Basin Street.\"\" Jack Teagarden explained how the lyrics were co-written with Glenn Miller in 1931: \"\"I was home in New York the evening before the 'Basin Street Blues' record date when Glenn called me from his apartment in Jackson Heights. 'Jack, I think we could do a better job if we could put together some lyrics and you could sing it. Want to come over and see what we can do?'...We finally finished the job", "\"You Can Do Anything\"\nYou Can Do Anything You Can Do Anything is the third and final album by the English rock band The Zutons. It was produced by Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles with producer George Drakoulias (The Black Crowes/Primal Scream/Tom Petty) and was released on Monday 2 June 2008 in the United Kingdom. \"\"You Can Do Anything\"\" was released after the departure of original lead guitarist Boyan Chowdhury, and is the first album to feature the band's new lead guitarist Paul Molloy. The album was preceded by the first single \"\"Always Right Behind You\"\", which was released on 26 May 2008.", "Parkour\nRaymond: \"\"If two roads open up before you, always take the most difficult one. Because you know you can travel the easy one.\"\" Belle is an influential proponent of discipline and control in parkour, saying, \"\"Precision is all about being measured,\"\" and going on to describe parkour as an art that requires huge amounts of repetition and practice to master. \"\"With parkour, I often say, 'Once is never'. In other words, someone can manage a jump one time but it does not mean anything. It can be luck or chance. When you make a jump, you have to do it", "\"2016 Shanghai Rolex Masters\"\nthe doubles main draw: Nick Kyrgios was fined nearly US$17,000 for 'lack of best efforts' in his second round match against Mischa Zverev. Kyrgios threw the match 6-3 6-1, at one point asking the umpire, \"\"Can you call time so I can finish this match and go home?\"\" When later asked during a press conference if he thought he owed the fans a better effort, he responded: \"\"What does that even mean? I'm good at hitting a tennis ball at the net. Big deal. I don't owe them anything. If you don't like it, I didn't ask you to come", "\"David Wedderburn (writer)\"\nYou keep the goal Snatch the ball from that fellow if you can Come, throw yourself against him Run at him Kick the ball back Well done. You aren't doing anything To make a goal This is the first goal, this the second, this the third Drive that man back The opponents are, moreover, coming out on top, If you don't look out, he will make a goal Unless we play better, we'll be done for Ah, victory is in your hands Ha, hurrah. He is a very skilled ball player Had it not been for him, we should have", "\"Crime in New York City\"\non relatively minor offenses such as graffiti, turnstile jumping, and aggressive \"\"squeegeemen,\"\" on the principle that this would send a message that order would be maintained and that the city would be \"\"cleaned up.\"\" At a forum three months into his term as mayor, Giuliani mentioned that freedom does not mean that \"\"people can do anything they want, be anything they can be. Freedom is about the willingness of every single human being to cede to lawful authority a great deal of discretion about what you do and how you do it\"\". Giuliani also directed the New York City Police", "\"Mayoralty of Rudy Giuliani\"\na forum three months into his term as mayor, Giuliani mentioned that freedom does not mean that \"\"people can do anything they want, be anything they can be. Freedom is about the willingness of every single human being to cede to lawful authority a great deal of discretion about what you do and how you do it\"\". Giuliani also directed the New York City Police Department to aggressively pursue enterprises linked to organized crime, such as the Fulton Fish Market and the Javits Center on the West Side (Gambino crime family). By breaking mob control of solid waste removal, the", "\"Where Do I Go from You\"\nright now because it's musically just one of those songs you can groove to right away. It's not one that you have to think about. So I like the fact that my record label picked it as the follow-up.\"\" \"\"Where Do I Go from You\"\" is about a man who is not sure what to do anymore after his girlfriend has left him. He tries to forget about her but her memory keeps coming back to him and he remains lost about where to go from her. Karlie Justus of \"\"Engine 145\"\" gave the song a thumbs up rating. She", "\"Prometheus (2012 film)\"\nthe US, and then stood guard while the actor read it. Scott said, \"\"I was insistent that the script not leak onto the internet, where it gets dissected out of context, which spoils it for everyone.\"\" In July 2011, Lindelof said that the film would rely upon practical effects, and would use CGI generally for on-set pre-visualization of external space visuals. Scott said that \"\"you can pretty much do anything you want\"\" with digital technology, and, \"\"Doug Trumbull once said to me 'If you can do it live, do it live.' That was 29 years ago. Even though we have", "\"Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road\"\nmission against the railroad, they received a surprise visitor, President Abraham Lincoln, who had traveled by water and landed at City Point, Grant's newly established headquarters. He told Grant, \"\"I just thought I would jump aboard a boat and come down and see you. I don't expect I can do any good, and in fact I'm afraid I may do some harm, but I'll just put myself under your orders and if you find me doing anything wrong just send me right away.\"\" After discussing strategy with Grant, Lincoln visited some of the VI Corps troops who would participate in", "\"You Can Do Anything\"\nIt entered the Official UK Albums Chart at No.6. The album leaked to file sharing websites three days before the release date, on Friday 30 May. You Can Do Anything You Can Do Anything is the third and final album by the English rock band The Zutons. It was produced by Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles with producer George Drakoulias (The Black Crowes/Primal Scream/Tom Petty) and was released on Monday 2 June 2008 in the United Kingdom. \"\"You Can Do Anything\"\" was released after the departure of original lead guitarist Boyan Chowdhury, and is the first album to feature", "\"Paul Kantner\"\ncharacterizing Kantner's vodka intake as an \"\"on-again/off-again love affair.\"\" In a 2016 reminiscence, Marty Balin reflected on this period: \"\"It was sad to see. He didn't do anything to take care of his health with all his drinking and everything, smoking cigarettes all the time, pushing himself too much. He asked me to join him for this last go-round. He'd been touring around the world and I talked to him and said, 'You better be careful. Take care of yourself. You've got a grueling schedule.' He just said, 'Don't worry about me. I can do anything. I'm strong as a", "\"The Naughtiest Girl is a Monitor\"\nfavour and that's basically what Martin does. Elizabeth confronts Martin and he says “I feel simply dreadful, Elizabeth. What can I do to make things better?” “Well, there’s only one thing to do and a coward like you would never do it. You ought to own up at the next school meeting.”, and lo and behold, just as the meeting is about to break up a voice says “Hang on. I’ve got something to say” and it is Martin “William” he says “I was the one who stole the biscuits, cakes, money and lollies and I planted the marked coin", "\"Champion (Fall Out Boy song)\"\nyou'll do\"\" and then \"\"no one can help you and if you don't do this our entire world dies, so no pressure\"\" . . . No one believes but at the same time we all need to believe in you.\"\" Another of his notes was posted to Fall Out Boy's Twitter: \"\"In my head champions aren't born, they are forged . . .\"\" In the chorus, Stump repeats the phrase \"\"If I can live through this, I can do anything,\"\" which further connects the themes of empowerment and inspiration to the song. A remix, featuring rapper RM of BTS was", "\"Ayo (song)\"\nbridge. The video ends with Epps and his passengers exiting the patrol car, presumably in an attempt to apprehend Brown and Tyga. Dominique Zonyee of \"\"The Boombox\"\" compared its \"\"colorful visuals\"\" to \"\"a six-minute long short film\"\", and noted \"\"The R&B superstar and the West Coast MC take a page from Diddy’s book in the 90’s-inspired video with bucket hats and huge gold chains to match.\"\" \"\"Hip-Hop Wired\"\"s Chris Thomas wrote that the shoot was \"\"a dazzling visual\"\" with \"\"a classic 'anything you can do, I can do better' scenario between Brown and Tyga.\"\" Critics generally characterized the video's plot", "\"Teen Tech Week\"\nthem out and help them learn about what is available to them. Can non-librarians participate? YES! \"\"Teen Tech Week is a national initiative aimed at teens, their parents, librarians, educators, booksellers and other concerned adults. If you would like to participate, just register!\"\" Are you a teen? Then here is what you can do! \"\"The best thing to do is to talk to your public or school librarian. Ask them if they have anything planned for Teen Tech Week and let them know you are interested in helping out. If your teacher or librarian does not have anything planned or", "\"Anything You Can Do (game show)\"\nother in increasingly complex tasks. In September 1972, Wood became host of \"\"Beat the Clock\"\" while Canadian actor Don Harron (best known to American viewers as Charlie Farquharson on \"\"Hee Haw\"\") took over on \"\"Anything You Can Do\"\". In Canada, the series aired as a daily daytime show as well as a weekly nighttime show; Some U.S. stations aired it daily while others only showed it once a week. David Hammett, \"\"A Conversation With Gene Wood,\"\" May 27, 1996. Anything You Can Do (game show) Anything You Can Do is a Canadian stunt-based game show that aired on that country's", "\"Harajuku Girls (song)\"\ncompliment and being a fan. You can’t be a fan of somebody else? Or another culture? Of course you can. Of course you can celebrate other cultures. That’s what Japanese culture and American culture have done. It’s like I say in the song: it’s a ping-pong match. We do something American, they take it and they flip it and make it so Japanese and so cool. And we take it back and go, “Whoa, that’s so cool!” That’s so beautiful. It’s a beautiful thing in the world, how our cultures come together. I don’t feel like I did anything but", "\"Broken Heels\"\nBurke's previous single \"\"Bad Boys\"\". The song opens with Burke singing the \"\"Hey-ey-ey/Hey-ey-ey\"\" hook which transitions into a spoken portion where Burke says: \"\"RedOne, you know I can do it better than you/I can do it even better in broken heels\"\". The song's middle 8 features Burke singing a \"\"Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh/Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh\"\" hook. According to \"\"Fraser McAlpine\"\" of the \"\"BBC\"\" the music is best suited for dancefloors. \"\"Derby Evening Telegraph\"\" says it consists of huge beats. \"\"Alexis Petridis\"\" from \"\"The Guardian\"\" felt that the clattering rhythm has influences from", "Kobold\nhim by taking up residence with his family and retinue elsewhere. Nevertheless, the invisible kobold travelled along with them as a white feather, which they discovered when they stayed at an inn. Why do you retire from me? I can easily follow you anywhere, and be where you are. It is much better for you to return to your own estate, and not be quitting it on my account. You see well that if I wished it I could take away all you have, but I am not inclined to do so. Exorcism by a Christian priest works in some", "\"Broken Heels\"\nbecause you're not the person I thought you would be.' So then he wrote [the song] according to my personality. Speaking to \"\"Metro\"\", Burke explained the meaning of the song and the inspiration behind it, especially for the lines \"\"All the ladies tell the fellas / We can do what they can do / We can do it even better with broken heels\"\". She said, It’s very girl empowering. It’s more about girl power, no disrespect to fellas and all that but I thought it was cool to do a song about what men do but we can do better.", "\"Flea (musician)\"\nI know, it's every time you start making plans, you don't know what's going to come up next. Anything can happen. So I love being in the Chili Peppers and it's my home, and I've been doing it for more than half my life. Of course, during the course of doing it, there's been all kinds of ups and downs, and moments of extreme (positivity), floating on clouds of greatness, and times of just groveling, and misery, and uncertainty, and anger, and love and all those things. Like being in a family. I really can't predict. But I love being", "\"Humpty Dumpty\"\nAlice, \"\"whether you \"\"can\"\" make words mean so many different things.\"\" \"\"The question is,\"\" said Humpty Dumpty, \"\"which is to be master—that's all.\"\" Alice was too much puzzled to say anything, so after a minute Humpty Dumpty began again. \"\"They've a temper, some of them—particularly verbs, they're the proudest—adjectives you can do anything with, but not verbs—however, \"\"I\"\" can manage the whole lot! Impenetrability! That's what \"\"I\"\" say!\"\" This passage was used in Britain by Lord Atkin in his dissenting judgement in the seminal case \"\"Liversidge v. Anderson\"\" (1942), where he protested about the distortion of a statute by the", "\"Mia Hamm\"\nvariety of sports while the song Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better) is heard. The commercial ends with Hamm throwing Jordan to the ground in a judo match. In 1997, she starred in a popular commercial for Pert Plus. In 2000, the video game, \"\"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\"\" was released for Nintendo 64. It was the first game to feature female athletes only and sold a \"\"relatively high\"\" 42,886 copies in the United States. Hamm was featured on the covers of \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\", \"\"Time\"\", and \"\"People\"\". She has made appearances on numerous television shows, including: \"\"Late Night with", "\"Mahesh Chandra Regmi\"\ninvolvement in its Himalayan regions. When asked about this connection by Gaenszle in 1992, Regmi said, \"\"I said: look, I dont know, I get paid for doing research on Nepal, I dont care where the money comes from….They gave me a grant, they never told me what to do. They said: You (can) do what you want to do. And I said I want to do land tenure and taxation in Nepal. It started with a one volume project, one became two, two became three, three became four. So they financed all that.\"\" The Institutes grant for Regmi was discontinued", "\"Hughie Jennings\"\nunmanageable—Ty Cobb. Jennings recognized Cobb's talent and his complicated psychological makeup and concluded the best strategy would be to let Cobb be Cobb. Jennings reportedly called Cobb aside one day and said, \"\"There isn't anything about baseball I can teach you. Anything I might say to you would merely hinder you in your development. The only thing for you to do is go ahead and do as you please. Use your own judgment.. . . . . Do what you think is best and I'll back you up.\"\" In , during a game in which \"\"pick-ups\"\" played for the Tigers", "\"Greg LeMond anti-doping stance and controversies\"\nLance's camp, basically saying 'You better be quiet,' and I was quiet for three years. I have a business ... I have bikes that are sold ... and I was told that my sales might not be doing too well if ... just the publicity, the negative publicity.\"\" The same month, LeMond also stated to French newspaper \"\"Le Monde\"\": \"\"Lance is ready to do anything to keep his secret. I don't know how he can continue to convince everybody of his innocence.\"\" Trek again threatened LeMond with allegedly breaching the \"\"Moral Turpitude\"\" section of their business agreement for making these", "\"Where Do I Go from You\"\nin an interview with \"\"CMT\"\", \"\"There can only be one boss, and we know who that is. But it's OK. That's the way it goes.\"\" In an interview with \"\"GAC\"\", Walker explained the song by saying, \"\"Out of all the songs I've recorded since \"\"What's It To You,\"\" my first record, this has that youthful energy I had on that first song. Production-wise it's as modern as anything I've ever done. I'm pretty much considered a new traditionalist, but I do have R&B and pop roots mixed in.\"\" Walker told the \"\"Albuquerque Journal\"\", \"\"I like the new single that's out", "\"Anything You Can Do (game show)\"\nAnything You Can Do (game show) Anything You Can Do is a Canadian stunt-based game show that aired on that country's CTV network and in syndication in the United States from 1971–1974. The host in the show's first season was Gene Wood, who at the time was also the announcer on \"\"Beat the Clock\"\". For the last two seasons, Don Harron was the host. Bill Luxton was the announcer for the series, which was taped at the studios of CJOH-TV in Ottawa, Ontario. The game was billed as a \"\"battle of the sexes\"\" and was played by two teams of", "\"War with God\"\nlike I said I do devote a lot of information about myself on there. I started to wreck it up by saying I'm the best, and there's nothing you could do about it. [They say] I've never done this I've never done that, so you know when you look into it, it's a lot more records where it comes from on the album, September 26, \"\"Release Therapy\"\", where it's the most personal album I've done. It's nothing but honesty so you can criticize it all you want to but at the end of the day you got to respect it", "\"Harry Carson\"\nBroncos out there, and me. Just me. An awesome responsibility. The greatest respect. During his Hall of Fame speech in 2006 Harry Carson does not directly mention CTE, but he does mention that he does not think the NFL is doing the best job they can to help out ex-NFL players. When he states \"\"I would hope that the leaders of the NFL, the future commissioner, and the player association do a much better job of looking out for those individuals. You got to look out for 'em. If we made the league what it is, you have to take", "\"John Quine\"\nthe novel. Brown expressed his admiration in a personal letter written to Quine on 26 April 1897: My blessings on you! you speak of inspiration, encouragement, what not, coming from me. With \"\"The Captain of the Parish\"\" I am supremely contented, I can die happy. To have had anything to do with the endeavour of such a work makes me very proud. Perhaps I have leavened you and my barm may stir in your young and vigorous veins. All right but, however that may be, I have got what I longed for, and, ever since I came to the island,", "\"Spontaneous recovery\"\nhave because your family can't afford it when you were young, you could believe that \"\"things in life are hard to come by\"\". When you're an adult another situation could arise that is similar, and the recovery of that association and inner response can show up spontaneously as jealousy again. It is why a lot of people say to themselves, \"\"where does this feeling come from\"\" or, \"\"Why did I do that?\"\" A lot of human reactions are from spontaneous recovery of past associations, not always specifically learned physical behaviours. For the learning and recall associated with spontaneous recovery to", "\"Derek Raymond\"\nwhile you’re shaping up for superintendent on the Vice Squad. All I can say is, when it happens, don’t get done for looking at dirty pictures on the taxpayer’s time.’<br> ‘You really make me laugh, you do,’ Bowman said. ‘You come out with better jokes than a villain.’<br> —\"\"Ibid.\"\", p. 146The detective displays similar manners whilst intimidating villains who pop up as witnesses in his investigation:‘Oh, sorry. Yes, that one. Yes, I get you now.’<br> ‘Do you?’ I said. ‘Lucky for you. Because you could find yourself in a bit of bother if you didn’t look out. I might decide", "\"Rodney Mullen\"\ndo what you do, is the thing that has to be protected and nurtured. As long as that's there, intact ... you can do anything. In a June 2014 interview at O'Reilly Media's Velocity conference, Mullen stated that he does not believe that skateboarding can be categorized as a \"\"sport\"\". Mullen further explained that the self-expressive element of skateboarding shows that it is an art form, while the community element of skateboarding—whereby sharing of ideas occurs—distinguishes it as a \"\"lifestyle\"\" or \"\"philosophy\"\". Mullen also shared his perspective on goals and failure during the interview: You focus so much on your", "Outshined\nI definitely go through periods of extreme self-confidence, feeling like I can do anything. Perhaps a fan will sense that, like in a performance, and the hero image creeps out. But then someone will say something, however insignificant, or I'll get something in my head and, all of a sudden, I'm plummeting in the opposite direction, I'm a piece of shit, and I really can't do anything about it. That's where \"\"Outshined\"\" comes from, and why I'll never consider myself a hero. Cornell explained the song's most famous lines: \"\"I'm looking California/And feeling Minnesota\"\", in an interview with \"\"Details\"\" magazine", "\"The Truth (Kris Allen song)\"\nit in some way. And obviously Train is doing really well right now, and I don’t think that can be ignored. Everyone thought it was a good idea.\"\" Allen also stated it never crossed his mind to feature Monahan, commenting, \"\"It wasn’t that type of song where you say, 'We need someone else on this.' Now that it’s done, I hope it does really well, man. I really do.\"\" He also said the song was not written as a typical duet, so the feature was not meant to come off as a duet, as listeners may think of the song", "\"Dick Haymes\"\nand a 1952 rendering of the dramatic ballad \"\"Here in My Heart,\"\" backed by the sisters and Nelson Riddle's lush strings. His duets with Patty Andrews were also well received, both on Decca vinyl and on radio's \"\"Club Fifteen\"\" with the sisters, which he hosted in 1949 and 1950. He also joined Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters for 1947 session that produced the \"\"Billboard\"\" hit \"\"There's No Business Like Show Business,\"\" as well as \"\"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better).\"\" His popular renditions of tender ballads such as \"\"Little White Lies\"\" and \"\"Maybe It's Because\"\" were recorded", "\"The Lucy Show\"\nConried was the instructor and Lucy the pupil) was much shorter than it is today and that episode ended with the Boy Scout show, with Jerry Carmichael hosting, Sherman Bagley dancing, and Lucy joining Ethel for a brand new version of Merman's great hit \"\"Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better\"\". But then, Desilu Productions thought that maybe too much had been crammed into one half-hour and since Ball and Vance (who both were great friends of Merman) were having such a marvelous time working with the legendary Broadway belter, they decided to expand it into two episodes, thereby", "\"Declaration of love\"\nwindow: Romeo subsequently declares his love to Juliet, making it a declaration of mutual consent—an accepted love declaration—where both partners are in love. An example of a less-successful declaration of love can be found in Jane Austen's \"\"Pride and Prejudice\"\" where Darcy declares his love for Elisabeth: \"\"In vain have I struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you.\"\" As it is a confession as well as a declaration, it comes as quite a shock to Elisabeth, who does not return Darcy's confession", "\"Joe Taylor (American football coach)\"\nDivision I-A program, but noted that he wouldn't be able to name a black coach out of a black university getting a chance to be a big-time college football coach, \"\"It's never happened. What's that telling you?\"\" Taylor insisted that the lack of offers did not eat at him or leave him bitter. He noted:\"\"I've always seen coaching more about being a ministry than about X's and O's. I want to make a difference, and I think I do that where I'm coaching now. You won't hear me bellyache. You can do anything in this world if you believe in", "\"The Grey Album\"\nmixed it up or looped it around, but it's really a deconstruction. It's not an easy thing to do. I was obsessed with the whole project, that's all I was trying to do, see if I could do this. Once I got into it, I didn't think about anything but finishing it. I stuck to those two because I thought it would be more challenging and more fun and more of a statement to what you could do with sample alone. It is an art form. It is music. You can do different things, it doesn't have to be just", "\"Plame affair\"\ncompany, Brewster Jennings & Associates. Plame has characterized the damage as \"\"serious\"\", noting, \"\"I can tell you, all the intelligence services in the world that morning were running my name through their databases to see, `Did anyone by this name come in the country? When? Do we know anything about it? Where did she stay? Well, who did she see?'\"\" In an op-ed published by the \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\", Joe Wilson wrote \"\"She immediately started jotting down a checklist of things she needed to do to limit the damage to people she knew and to projects she was working on.\"\"", "\"The Lazy Song\"\nlike when you realise that a drum track is good, you can add other things in after that.\"\" Mars affirmed that they were trying to be \"\"magical and historic\"\" thus creating a track \"\"that was better than the Beatles\"\". Due to the frustration of not being able to do so, Mars said \"\"Today I don't feel like doing anything at all\"\", which according to him was an eye-opener. \"\"The Lazy Song\"\" was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine and K'naan, while production was handled by the former three production-team, The Smeezingtons. Levine and Mars played all the instruments", "\"Islam and hip hop in the United States\"\ndefinitely — I mean, I walk a different walk than probably a lot of different people in the industry. I'm not saying it like I'm better. I'm in no way any better or a saint, but there's — people can depend on me. They have. They do. And they call me the voice of reason. And I suppose that my faith has something to do with that.” “It can rip an artist apart, because then you're under the ridicule of, \"\"Aren't you Muslim? Don't you believe in this? What you're doing goes against\"\" — and it's just like, \"\"Yeah, I", "\"IBM Personal Computer\"\nOsborne said \"\"when you buy a computer from IBM, you buy a la carte. By the time you have a computer that does anything, it will cost more than an Apple. I don't think Apple has anything to worry about.\"\" Apple's Mike Markkula agreed that IBM's product was more expensive than the Apple II, and claimed that the Apple III \"\"offers better performance\"\". He denied that the IBM PC offered more memory, stating that his company could offer more than 128K \"\"but frankly we don't know what anyone would do with that memory\"\". At Tandy, John Roach said \"\"I don't", "\"Heart to Yours\"\nyou know? Most people do that. They go Gospel when they don't have anything else to do anymore, you know? I chose to do this while I can reach people.\"\" She echoed this sentiment in speaking with \"\"Billboard\"\" about the album and its artistic direction, saying: \"\"Some people will do gospel when their career fails, but I chose to do it at the height of the popularity of Destiny's Child. I didn't want to do it because it was a fad. I wanted to do it because it's in me. It's in my heart.\"\" Generally, the album consists of urban", "\"Tense–aspect–mood\"\nnext month I run the 100 meter race every day\"\"). Non-stative verbs in unmarked form appearing in dependent clauses can indicate even unscheduled futurity (\"\"I'll feel better after I run tomorrow; I'll feel better if I run every day next month\"\"). The unmarked verb is negated by preceding it with \"\"do/does not\"\" (\"\"I do not feel well\"\", \"\"He does not run every day\"\"). Here \"\"do\"\" has no implication of emphasis, unlike the affirmative (\"\"I do feel better\"\", \"\"I do run every day\"\"). The aspectually and modally unmarked past tense is usually marked for tense by the suffix -\"\"ed\"\", pronounced as", "\"Travis Smith (musician)\"\nwe were able to find Nick, who was able to step it up and really be that guy to take us to the next level. We told him over the phone [that we were continuing with Augusto,] and it was hard for everyone involved,\"\" Heafy said. \"\"But I hope it's going to be something Travis recognizes was for the better for him in years to come. For his own health and well-being as well and for our own. I heard that he's doing very well now and that's the best you can wish for. And we hope he does amazingly,", "\"We Invented the Remix\"\ntracks for the producers and guest artists that come up with their own interpretation but questioned if Diddy can keep his remix formula going without losing any creative steam. Steve 'Flash' Juon of RapReviews said that despite great remixes of \"\"Special Delivery\"\" and \"\"I Need a Girl\"\", he criticized P. Diddy's involvement on the album for making terrible choices to songs that were both unoriginal and pointless, concluding that \"\"If anything it proves that some songs DON'T need a remix, and even those that do should be given better treatment than the selection was here. If you can't find the", "\"Prince George Alexandrovich Yuryevsky\"\nfrom you, all the more as he is past-master at inventing excuses and talking himself out of trouble. It seems to me he would do better to transfer to land service, for he will never make a good sailor! It is very unpleasant for me to have to write you all this, but what can I do. I send you my best wishes for the New Year, and trust that you and the children are well. Nicholas II, the new tsar, was more kindly disposed to George, and allowed the prince to move back to Russia, where he transferred from", "\"If You Can Do Anything Else\"\nIf You Can Do Anything Else \"\"If You Can Do Anything Else\"\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"\"George Strait\"\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for", "\"Trap Lord\"\nof different new faces that represent the brand—not only the brand, but where we come from. A \"\"Trap Lord\"\" is basically the struggle to do better. It’s almost like the theme of Always Strive And Prosper (A$AP). Trap don’t necessarily mean you selling drugs. You could be selling clothes, watches, fake watches, gold teeth, hats—anything. You just trapping. And you a Lord of it.\"\" He also explained when he would be releasing the album, saying: \"\"I’m looking at the end of February, early March. This is my first demo I’m ever putting out. I never even put out a demo", "\"Prabhashankar Pattani\"\nto stop begging and start working. However, you don't ask such people to work but only give whatever they ask. Aren't you making more beggars in society?\"\" Pattani replied: \"\"We cannot forget that Mahatma Gandhi has donated all his money, time and life for the betterment of society. He is the ultimate donor. Such a big donor that he has donated whatever he had and didn't keep anything for himself or family. He does not earn. However, I earn, and if I can help someone, I should always give. I also tell them to work but when someone comes with", "\"Robert C. Schenck\"\nthe Republican Party nominate Abraham Lincoln for the presidency. This was, perhaps, the first public endorsement of Lincoln for the presidency. He supported Lincoln with great ardor at the Chicago Convention in 1860 and in the campaign that followed. When the attack was made on Fort Sumter, Schenck promptly tendered his services to the President. He later recalled his meeting with Lincoln: \"\"Lincoln sent for me and asked, 'Schenck what can you do to help me?' I said, 'Anything you want me to do. I am anxious to help you.' He asked, 'Can you fight?' I answered, 'I would try.'", "\"Rodney Mullen\"\nfailures and your weaknesses, it has a ... paralyzing effect, where you're dwelling on stuff. For example, having goals: sometimes I have lofty goals, my friends do—we all do, we all have goals. But, if you fix yourself to that goal, and you don't see anything else on the horizon—which is natural, 'cos that what it takes, we all have that in our personality ... but, sometimes, if you attach that to a goal that is out of your reach, and you continue to fail, it will just grind you into nothing. And if you dwell on that, it can", "Pro-verb\nof \"\"You've been doing it\"\", \"\"You have been\"\", or \"\"You have\"\" would have the same meaning. Since a to-infinitive is just the particle \"\"to\"\" plus a bare infinitive, and a bare infinitive can be elided, the particle \"\"to\"\" doubles as a pro-verb for a to-infinitive: Finally, even in dialects where bare infinitives and participles can be elided, there does exist the pro-verb \"\"do so\"\": \"\"He asked me to leave, so I did so\"\". This pro-verb, unlike the above-described pro-verbs, can be used in any grammatical context; however, in contexts where another pro-verb could be used, it can be overly formal.", "Cadillactica\nI was thinking about, 'cause in my first [album] cover \"\"Live From The Underground\"\", it's a Cadillac that has crash landed on planet earth. Just the whole storyline of being able to take you in reverse of where the Cadillac comes from. It's creating this planet called \"\"Cadillactica\"\" where the soul and the funk comes from and being able to transcend my music with that idea. Diving deeper into what else can I do, how far can I take this record. How I can change these instruments and manipulate my voice; and make my voice an instrument. All these things", "\"Cane Ashby\"\n\"\"very sensitive about that\"\". He also stated that Cane \"\"has no fears in doing business with anybody\"\" because if you can come from a \"\"family of gangsters than business people don’t really measure up\"\". Looking back on Cane's \"\"power jobs\"\", Goddard stated: \"\"I don’t think Cane has the book learning skills side of it, but I think he has the life lessons side of it, based on who he is and where he has come from. The way he does business with people, he kind of understands who they are as people.\"\" William J. Bell had created the character of", "\"Homosexuality in college sports\"\nthat his main goal in coming out is to encourage others: \"\"To me, it’s a huge step in the right direction for our sport because it can allow others who don’t feel like they can be who they are to do the same.” After coming out, his players gained a new trust for Burns because they felt that there could come to him for anything now that he had opened up to them. Helen Carroll, sports director of the National Center for Lesbian Rights, makef a point about homosexual coaches: \"\"If you're a lesbian coach, you're thinking, 'I better keep", "\"Bottoms Up (Trey Songz song)\"\nBET Awards weekend, I'm working on a couple records, and I do this song called 'Red Lipstick,' and then I do 'Bottoms Up' the next day. I hit Nicki and I'm like, 'Man, I've got these two incredible records, I think one of them is gonna be my first single, and I need you to do it. Can you come this weekend? Can you come down?' I stayed a couple extra days and she came through. Two, three days later I got a verse back that was just stupid.\"\" Songz then addressed Minaj directly, stating, \"\"I fell in love with", "\"Tammy and the T-Rex\"\nyou laugh at the experience that I was facing which is, what the hell are you meant to do with this material? I was sticking all this shit in it, just to make it work. Of course, when you only have a week to work on a script, it is a bit thin! I’m also the biggest plagiarist, I’m constantly asking the cast and crew if they have anything better that they can add.\"\" Tammy and the T-Rex Tammy and the T-Rex is a 1994 science fiction/comedy starring Denise Richards, Paul Walker, George Pilgrim and John Franklin. The low-budget film", "Internets\n…I'm very concerned about the morality of our country now. TV, movies, the music that our children are, you know, barraged with every day. And I want to know if there's anything that can be worked out with the—Hollywood, or whoever, to help get rid of some of this bad language and whatever, you know...<br>BUSH: ... You bet there's things that government can do. We can work with the entertainment industry to provide family hour. We can have filters on Internets where public money is spent. There ought to be filters in public libraries and filters in public schools so" ]

[ true, true, false, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "Kissy Suzuki" ]

[ "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nwhich was part of Fleming's own history. As with a number of the previous Bond stories, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" used names of individuals and places that were from Fleming's past. Bond's mother, Monique Delacroix, was named after two women in Fleming's life: Monique Panchaud de Bottomes, a girl Fleming was engaged to in the early 1930s, with Delacroix taken from Fleming's own mother, whose maiden name was Ste Croix Rose. Bond's aunt was called Charmian Bond: Charmian was the name of Fleming's cousin who married Richard Fleming, Ian's brother. Charmian's sister was called \"\"Pet\"\" which, when combined with the", "\"Karin Dor\"\nKarin Dor Karin Dor (born Kätherose Derr; 22 February 1938 – 6 November 2017) was a German actress who became known in the late-1960s as a Bond girl in the James Bond movie \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" (1967). Dor was born in Wiesbaden, Germany. She starred in the James Bond movie \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" (1967) and the Alfred Hitchcock movie \"\"Topaz\"\" (1969). She appeared in German movies adapted from the works of Edgar Wallace (Krimis from Kriminalfilm) and Karl May. These two film series were mainly directed by Harald Reinl, her first husband. In 2008, she was in a", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nMuggeridge, writing in \"\"Esquire\"\" magazine disagreed, writing that \"\"\"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" has a decidedly perfunctory air. Bond can only manage to sleep with his Japanese girl with the aid of colour pornography. His drinking sessions seem somehow desperate, and the horrors are too absurd to horrify ... it's all rather a muddle and scarcely in the tradition of Secret Service fiction. Perhaps the earlier novels are better. If so, I shall never know, having no intention of reading them.\"\" Maurice Richardson, in \"\"The Observer\"\", thought \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" \"\"though far from the best Bond, is really almost as", "\"Motifs in the James Bond film series\"\nthe degree to which Bond girls are pivotal to propelling the plot forward varies from one film to the next. Five of the Bond girls are \"\"bad\"\" girls (or at least working for the villain) who turn \"\"good\"\" (or switch sides) usually due to Bond's influence. Bond has fallen in love with only Tracy di Vicenzo in \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\" and Vesper Lynd in \"\"Casino Royale\"\", but both of them die at or near the end of the respective films. Roald Dahl, a screenwriter of \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", said he was given a formula to work to", "\"Bond girl\"\nto have married other men (in \"\"From Russia With Love\"\" and \"\"The Man With the Golden Gun\"\" respectively), and in \"\"Doctor No\"\", Bond briefly wonders about Solitaire. In Licence Renewed it is specifically noted in an epilogue that Bond and Lavender Peacock stopped seeing each other after a brief romance. A unique case is Mary Goodnight, who appears in the novels, \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\" and \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" as Bond's secretary, before becoming a full-fledged Bond girl in \"\"The Man With the Golden Gun\"\". The role of a Bond girl, as it has evolved in the films,", "\"Akiko Wakabayashi\"\nAkiko Wakabayashi She is best known in English-speaking countries for her role as Bond girl Aki in the 1967 James Bond movie \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Before this, she had made many movies in her native Japan, especially Toho Studio's monster movies, such as \"\"Dagora, the Space Monster\"\" (1964) and \"\"Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster\"\" (1964), both of which were also released under various other titles. In Gidorah, she played a mystical princess, who could predict the future and was also a prophetess. When production of \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" began, Wakabayashi was originally slated to play the role of Kissy", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nonly four or five of the original story's ideas.\"\" On creating the plot, Dahl said he \"\"didn't know what the hell Bond was going to do\"\" despite having to deliver the first draft in six weeks, and decided to do a basic plot similar to \"\"Dr. No\"\". Dahl was given a free rein on his script, except for the character of Bond and \"\"the girl formula\"\", involving three women for Bond to seduce — an ally and a henchwoman who both get killed, and the main Bond girl. While the third involved a character from the book, Kissy Suzuki, Dahl", "\"Kissy Suzuki\"\nthe Best Bond girls by \"\"LIFE\"\", while Fandango ranked her as 23rd. Yahoo! Movies had her name included in the 2012 list of the best Bond girl names. Kissy Suzuki Kissy Suzuki is a fictional character introduced in Ian Fleming's 1964 \"\"James Bond\"\" novel, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Despite Bond's womanizing, Kissy Suzuki (at least the literary version) remains the only character known to the reader who bears a child by him. The treatment of Kissy varies greatly between the novel and the film, where she is never identified by her name, no family name appears in the closing credits", "\"Bond girl\"\nportrayed by Ursula Andress). \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" put \"\"Bond bathing suits\"\" on its end-of-the-decade, \"\"best-of\"\" list, saying, \"\"And you thought spies were supposed to be inconspicuous! Halle Berry's orange bikini in Die Another Day (2002) and Daniel Craig's supersnug powder blue trunks in \"\"Casino Royale\"\" (2006) suggest that neither 007 star can keep a secret.\"\" Monica Bellucci in Spectre became the oldest Bond girl at the age of 50, although she stated that she does not consider herself to be a \"\"Bond girl\"\", but a \"\"Bond woman\"\". Roald Dahl said that when writing \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", he was advised to", "\"You Only Live Twice (soundtrack)\"\nBarry's lush instrumental backing was not suitable for a \"\"chart\"\" single. On the Reprise version Sinatra's voice is double tracked giving not only an unusual sound but a pun on the title. The record was released with a cover of Johnny Cash and June Carter's \"\"Jackson\"\" performed by Nancy Sinatra and Hazlewood. You Only Live Twice (soundtrack) You Only Live Twice is the soundtrack for the fifth James Bond film of the same name. It was composed by Bond veteran John Barry. At the time, this was his fourth credited Bond film. The theme song, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", was", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\na hiatus, he returned in 1971's \"\"Diamonds Are Forever\"\" and later 1983's non-Eon Bond film \"\"Never Say Never Again\"\". \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" is the first Bond film to be directed by Lewis Gilbert, who later directed the 1977 film \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\" and the 1979 film \"\"Moonraker\"\", both starring Roger Moore. \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" was a great success, receiving positive reviews and grossing over $111 million in worldwide box office. An American NASA spacecraft is hijacked from orbit by an unidentified spaceship. The United States suspect it to be the work of the Soviets, but the", "\"You Only Live Twice (soundtrack)\"\nYou Only Live Twice (soundtrack) You Only Live Twice is the soundtrack for the fifth James Bond film of the same name. It was composed by Bond veteran John Barry. At the time, this was his fourth credited Bond film. The theme song, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", was sung by Nancy Sinatra, the first non-British vocalist of the series, with music by Barry and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse. The soundtrack has previously been available in two versions on CD – the first, a straight reissue of the LP soundtrack, and the second, an expanded reissue including several previously unreleased tracks.", "\"Motifs in the James Bond film series\"\ncan be a private island (\"\"Dr. No\"\", \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\"), underwater (\"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\"), mountaintop retreat (\"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\", \"\"For Your Eyes Only\"\") volcano (\"\"You Only Live Twice\"\"), or underground base (\"\"Live and Let Die\"\"), a ship (\"\"Thunderball\"\", \"\"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\"), an oil rig (\"\"Diamonds Are Forever\"\") or even a space station (\"\"Moonraker\"\")—among other variations. Bond usually sabotages the lair and, with time ticking down, dispatches the supervillain, rescues the principal Bond girl and they escape as the place blows up. In some cases, the villain or his primary henchman escapes to launch", "\"Bond girl\"\nyoungest sexual partner in the books is Mariko Ichiban, an 18-year-old masseuse in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". The eldest Bond girls are Pussy Galore, whom Bond speculates is in her early 30s, and 29-year-old Domino Vitali. Bond girls conform to a fairly well-defined standard of beauty. They possess splendid figures and tend to dress in a slightly masculine, assertive fashion, wear little jewellery—and that in a masculine cut—wide leather belts, and square-toed leather shoes. (There is some variation in dress, though: Bond girls have made their initial appearances in evening wear, in bra and panties and, on occasion, naked.) Nearly", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nBond Omnibus Vol. 2\"\", published in 2011. In 1967, the book was adapted into the fifth film in the Eon Productions series, starring Sean Connery as Bond. Only a few elements of the novel and a limited number of Fleming's characters survive into the film version. In 1990, the novel was adapted into a 90-minute radio play for BBC Radio 4 with Michael Jayston playing James Bond. The production was repeated a number of times between 2008 and 2013. You Only Live Twice (novel) You Only Live Twice is the eleventh novel (and twelfth book) in Ian Fleming's James Bond", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nYou Only Live Twice (film) You Only Live Twice is a 1967 British spy film and the fifth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, starring Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film's screenplay was written by Roald Dahl, and loosely based on Ian Fleming's 1964 novel of the same name. It is the first James Bond film to discard most of Fleming's plot, using only a few characters and locations from the book as the background for an entirely new story. In the film, Bond is dispatched to Japan after American and Soviet", "\"Aki (James Bond)\"\nBond girl,\"\" but in another article UGO praised her as \"\"Bond's super-hot guardian angel\"\". Den of Geek included her in their 2008 list of ten \"\"James Bond\"\" characters who deserve their own spin-off. Aki (James Bond) Aki is a fictional character created for the 1967 \"\"James Bond\"\" film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". In the film, Aki, played by Akiko Wakabayashi, is a female ninja agent with the fictional Japanese Secret Intelligence Service (SIS). She is a love interest and ally of James Bond's, however she is killed before the mission reaches its climax and is replaced by her fellow agent", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nYou Only Live Twice (novel) You Only Live Twice is the eleventh novel (and twelfth book) in Ian Fleming's James Bond series of stories. It was first published by Jonathan Cape in the United Kingdom on 26 March 1964 and sold out quickly. The book holds the distinction of being the last novel by Fleming to be published in his lifetime, with subsequent works being published posthumously. \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" is the concluding chapter in what is known as the \"\"Blofeld Trilogy\"\". The story starts eight months after the murder of Tracy Bond, which occurred at the end of", "\"Bond girl\"\ndi Vicenzo, and sleeps with Ruby Windsor, a patient he meets in Blofeld's hideout while posing as a genealogist. In \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", Bond mainly has a relationship with Kissy Suzuki, but also romances Mariko Ichiban, as well as another a girl. Several Bond girls have obvious signs of inner turmoil (Vesper Lynd or Vivienne Michel), and others have traumatic pasts. Most Bond girls whose characters are allowed to develop in the course of the story are flawed, and several have unhappy sexual backgrounds (Honey Ryder, Pussy Galore, Tiffany Case, Vivienne Michel, and Kissy Suzuki, among others). The inspiration", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nthat the film is \"\"perfect\"\" for parodies of the series. The film is recognised by American Film Institute in these lists: You Only Live Twice (film) You Only Live Twice is a 1967 British spy film and the fifth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, starring Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film's screenplay was written by Roald Dahl, and loosely based on Ian Fleming's 1964 novel of the same name. It is the first James Bond film to discard most of Fleming's plot, using only a few characters and locations from the", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nout. The central character in the novel is James Bond himself and the book's penultimate chapter contains his obituary, purportedly written for \"\"The Times\"\" by M. The obituary provides a number of biographical details of Bond's early life, including his parents' names and nationalities. Bond begins \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" in a disturbed state, described by M as \"\"going to pieces\"\", following the death of his wife Tracy eight months previously. Academic Jeremy Black points out that it was a very different Bond to the character who lost Vesper Lynd at the end of \"\"Casino Royale\"\". Given a final chance", "\"Lois Chiles\"\nappeared in the film adaptation of Agatha Christie's \"\"Death on the Nile\"\" as the murder victim Linnet Ridgeway Doyle, and in 1979, she appeared in what is perhaps her most famous role, that of NASA astronaut, scientist and Bond girl Dr. Holly Goodhead opposite Roger Moore's James Bond in \"\"Moonraker\"\". It was Moore´s fourth performance as Bond, the final 1970's Bond film and the third (and final) Bond film which Lewis Gilbert directed, as he had previously directed \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" (1967, Sean Connery) and \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\" (1977, Roger Moore). Chiles had initially been approached to", "\"You Only Live Twice (song)\"\none of the most covered Bond themes. The song was used in the closing montage of \"\"Mad Men\"\"'s season five finale, \"\"The Phantom\"\". A parody of the song was created for \"\"The Simpsons\"\" episode \"\"YOLO\"\". You Only Live Twice (song) \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", performed by Nancy Sinatra, is the theme song to the 1967 James Bond film of the same name. The music was by veteran Bond film composer John Barry, with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse. The song is widely recognized for its striking opening bars, featuring a simple 2-bar theme in the high octaves of the violins and", "\"You Only Live Twice (song)\"\nYou Only Live Twice (song) \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", performed by Nancy Sinatra, is the theme song to the 1967 James Bond film of the same name. The music was by veteran Bond film composer John Barry, with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse. The song is widely recognized for its striking opening bars, featuring a simple 2-bar theme in the high octaves of the violins and lush harmonies from French horns. It is considered by some to be among the best James Bond theme songs, and has become one of Nancy Sinatra's best known hits. Shortly after Barry's production, Sinatra's producer", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nMarc-Ange Draco (\"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\") and Enrico Colombo (\"\"Risico\"\"). Blofeld makes his third appearance in the Bond series in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" and Benson notes that on this occasion he is quite mad and egocentric in his behaviour; Tanaka refers to him as \"\"a devil who has taken human form\"\". Comentale, Watt and Willman note that Fleming, through Bond, parallels Blofeld with Caligula, Nero and Hitler, and that this exemplifies Blofeld's actions as being on \"\"a titanic scale\"\", as much of the criminal action was throughout the Bond series. Linder echoes this, noting that the crimes perpetrated", "\"You Only Move Twice\"\n\"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", and many elements of the episode parody the Bond films, with a character modeled after Bond making a brief appearance. Setting the second and third acts in a new town, Cypress Creek, required the animators to create entirely new layouts and background designs. Albert Brooks, in his fourth appearance on \"\"The Simpsons\"\", guest stars as the voice of Hank Scorpio, who is one of the most popular one-time characters in the entire series. The episode was very well received by critics. IGN named \"\"You Only Move Twice\"\" the best episode of the eighth season and Albert", "\"James Bond in film\"\nBloom, although he was later replaced by Roald Dahl, who had little previous screenwriting experience. \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" was the first Bond film to jettison the plot premise of the Fleming source material, although the film retains the title, the Japanese setting, the use of Blofeld as the main villain and a Bond girl named Kissy Suzuki from the novel. Filming commenced at Pinewood on 4 July 1966 before moving out to Japan on 27 July for six weeks' filming. Local Japanese interest in the filming was high, and the crew had to contend with large crowds throughout the", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nmotif. If you could manage a pink dragonfly sitting on the flowers, and perhaps just one epicanthic eye peering through them he thinks that will be just splendid!\"\" Chopping's fee rose to 300 guineas for the cover, a rise from the 250 guineas he received for \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\". \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" was published in the United States by New American Library in August 1964; it was 240 pages long and cost $4.50. Cyril Connolly, reviewing \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" in \"\"The Sunday Times\"\" wrote that Fleming's latest book was \"\"reactionary, sentimental, square, the Bond-image flails its", "\"James Bond (literary character)\"\nleft to marry an American. Bond was married only once, in \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\", to Teresa \"\"Tracy\"\" di Vicenzo, but their marriage ends tragically when she is killed on their wedding day by Ernst Stavro Blofeld. In the penultimate novel of the series, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", Bond suffers from amnesia and has a relationship with an Ama diving girl, Kissy Suzuki. As a result of the relationship, Kissy becomes pregnant, although she does not reveal this to Bond before he leaves the island. From \"\"Casino Royale\"\" to \"\"From Russia, with Love\"\" Bond's preferred weapon is a .25", "\"You Only Live Twice (soundtrack)\"\n\"\"Capsule in Space\"\" as a central segue. The song, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", was featured at the end of Mad Men episode \"\"The Phantom\"\". Little Anthony & The Imperials recorded a cover version of the song for United Artists Records. It appeared on their 1967 album, \"\"Movie Grabbers\"\" on the label's Veep Records subsidiary that year, and was released as single from that album. Nancy Sinatra recorded a record chart version of \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" for Reprise Records that was arranged by guitarist Billy Strange who released several records of cover versions of Bond musical themes. Lee Hazlewood felt", "\"Nellie Wallace\"\nestablished actor Will Hay; \"\"Variety\"\" (1935) and \"\"Boys Will Be Girls\"\" (1936). Nellie Wallace died in a London nursing home on 24 November 1948, aged 78, after a serious bout of bronchitis. The Wallis WA-116 Agile autogyro featured in the James Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" \"\"Little Nellie\"\" was named after her, and \"\"Wet Nellie\"\", the submarine Lotus Esprit from the James Bond film \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\" was in turn named after the autogyro. Nellie Wallace Nellie Wallace (18 March 1870 – 24 November 1948) was a British music hall star, actress, comedian, dancer and songwriter who", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nidentity of Bond's bride. \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London. It was the first premiere of a James Bond film that Queen Elizabeth II attended. The film grossed $43 million in the United States and over $111 million worldwide. Critical response today is mostly positive, with Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 71% approval rating based on 45 reviews with an average rating of 6.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"With exotic locales, impressive special effects, and a worthy central villain, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" overcomes a messy and implausible story to deliver another memorable", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nwas released in 1962, and Bond's personality was somewhat skewed towards the screen persona rather than simply to Fleming himself; Sean Connery's filmic depiction of Bond affected the book version, with \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" giving Bond a sense of humour and Scottish antecedents that were not present in the previous stories, although Fleming himself was part Scottish. Correspondence dating back to 1960 shows that Fleming contacted a Scottish nobleman to help develop Bond's family history, in particular seeking a Scottish \"\"Bond\"\" family line. Fleming's first trip to Japan was as part of the \"\"Thrilling Cities\"\" trip undertaken for \"\"The", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nreaches the American craft. The Americans stand down their forces. Blofeld, who had earlier killed Osato to demonstrate the price of failure to Bond, activates the base's self-destruct system, a bomb that triggers a volcanic eruption and escapes. Bond, Kissy, Tanaka, and the surviving ninjas leave before the eruption destroys the base, and are picked up by the Japanese Maritime Forces and the British Secret Service. \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\" was the intended next film, but the producers decided to adapt \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" instead because \"\"OHMSS\"\" would require searching for high and snowy locations. Lewis Gilbert originally", "\"James Bond uncollected and other miscellaneous short stories\"\nIrma Bunt for the murder of Ernst Stavro Blofeld, and a woman whom Bond assumed had died alongside Blofeld (again in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\"). James Suzuki's death was by way of being force fed fugu syrup, akin to a murder in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Bond's victory over Bunt is hollow, due to him having to come to grips with his absentee fathering and not spending time with his only remaining blood relative. The name of Bond's son, James Suzuki, is taken from the John Pearson faux biography, \"\"\"\". In \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\", Blofeld started this chain", "\"James Bond uncollected and other miscellaneous short stories\"\nspace reasons. The first Bond story published by Benson, \"\"Blast from the Past\"\" is a direct sequel to Fleming's \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" and appears to exist outside the timeline of either Benson's or John Gardner's other Bond stories. Bond receives a message, apparently from his son James Suzuki (Suzuki's mother is Kissy Suzuki from \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", now dead from ovarian cancer) asking him to come to New York City on an urgent matter. When Bond arrives, he finds his son murdered. With the aid of an SIS agent, he learns that James was killed in revenge by", "\"Ronald Rich\"\ndouble for Ronald Rich. Lewis Gilbert directed Rich in both \"\"Alfie\"\" and \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Ronald Rich Ronald Rich is a British supporting player best known for his role as Hans, the personal bodyguard of Ernst Stavro Blofeld in the 1967 James Bond film, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Rich has appeared twice in the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episode \"\"The Time Meddler\"\" (1965), where he played 'Gunnar the Giant',a huge Viking warrior. He also appeared in the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episode \"\"Mission to the Unknown\"\" (also 1965). Rich appeared in the Lance Percival Show (1965). He appeared in Doctor in Clover (1965)", "\"Akiko Wakabayashi\"\nsmall screen. In an interview in \"\"G-FAN\"\" magazine (No. 76), Wakabayashi said she retired from acting owing to injuries sustained while making a movie. Akiko Wakabayashi She is best known in English-speaking countries for her role as Bond girl Aki in the 1967 James Bond movie \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Before this, she had made many movies in her native Japan, especially Toho Studio's monster movies, such as \"\"Dagora, the Space Monster\"\" (1964) and \"\"Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster\"\" (1964), both of which were also released under various other titles. In Gidorah, she played a mystical princess, who could predict the", "\"Eurospy film\"\nKarin Dor. She was the first German Bond girl, appearing in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" (1967). British actor Stewart Granger starred in \"\"Red Dragon\"\" (1965), \"\"Target for Killing\"\" (1966) with Adolfo Celi from \"\"Thunderball\"\", and \"\"Requiem for a Secret Agent\"\" (1966) in Italy along with Daniela Bianchi. In addition to the James Bond film \"\"From Russia with Love\"\" (1963), Bianchi made the Italian spy films \"\"Code Name: Tiger\"\" (1964), \"\"Special Mission Lady Chaplin\"\" (1966), and two 007 parodies: \"\"Balearic Caper\"\" (1966), and the previously mentioned \"\"O.K. Connery\"\" (1967). Sergio Sollima, who directed \"\"Requiem for a Secret Agent\"\", also helmed two", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nSunday Times\"\" in 1959, although his visit only lasted for three days. He returned in 1962 and was accompanied on his trip round the country by Australian friend Richard Hughes and Tiger Saito, both journalists. In \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", these two characters became Dikko Henderson and Tiger Tanaka, respectively. Hughes was also the model for \"\"Old Craw\"\" in John le Carré's \"\"The Honourable Schoolboy\"\". The novel contains a fictional obituary of Bond, purportedly published in \"\"The Times\"\", which provided details of Bond's early life, although many of these were Fleming's own traits. These included Bond's expulsion from Eton College,", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nconfrontation was breaking out in December 1962, a direct challenge to British interests in the region. Fleming's increasingly jaundiced views on America appear in the novel too, through Bond's responses to Tiger's comments, and they reflect on the declining relationship between Britain and America: this is in sharp contrast to the warm, co-operative relationship between Bond and Leiter in the earlier books. \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" is the twelfth book (the eleventh novel) of Fleming's Bond series and the last book completed by Fleming before his death. The story is the third part of the Blofeld trilogy, coming after \"\"Thunderball\"\",", "\"You Only Move Twice\"\nnot let them use it. The writers went with \"\"Bont\"\" because they felt it was the most similar name that they could legally use. The final scene at Globex contains several references to action and \"\"James Bond\"\" films. The episode title and many references are from the Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", as well as an allusion to \"\"A View to a Kill\"\". A character modeled after Sean Connery's Bond is tackled by Homer and killed after a parody of the laser scene from \"\"Goldfinger\"\". Miss Goodthighs from the 1967 James Bond parody \"\"Casino Royale\"\" makes an appearance in", "\"Chikara You Only Live Twice\"\nMay 25, ending the promotion's one-year-long hiatus. In storyline, the return was made possible by former Chikara wrestler Robbie Ellis winning an auction and becoming the promotion's new owner. The name of the return event was later revealed as \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", making it one of several Chikara shows to be held in 2014 named after James Bond films. Tickets for the event were sold out within days with no roster or matches announced. On April 1, Chikara announced that You Only Live Twice would be broadcast live on iPPV through Smart Mark Video. As part of Chikara's return", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nNorthern soul scene (Chandler was well known for her high-quality soul output on RCA) and can be found on several RCA soul compilations. To promote the film, Eon Productions produced a one-hour colour television programme titled \"\"Welcome to Japan, Mr. Bond\"\" first aired on 2 June 1967 in the United States on NBC. Bond regulars Lois Maxwell and Desmond Llewelyn appeared playing respectively \"\"Miss Moneypenny\"\" and \"\"Q\"\". Kate O'Mara appears as Miss Moneypenny's assistant. The programme shows clips from \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" and the then four existing Bond films, and contained a storyline of Moneypenny trying to establish the", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nit had pace and spectacle. Christopher Null considered the film one of James Bond's most memorable adventures, but the plot \"\"protracting and quite confusing\"\". Ali Barclay of \"\"BBC Films\"\" panned Dahl's script displaying \"\"a whole new world of villainy and technology.\"\" Leo Goldsmith lauded the volcano base as \"\"the most impressive of Ken Adam's sets for the franchise.\"\" Danny Peary wrote that \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" \"\"should have been about twenty minutes shorter\"\" and described it as \"\"not a bad Bond film, but it doesn't compare to its predecessors — the formula had become a little stale.\"\" IGN ranked \"\"You", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nconcerned with the actual business of a thriller\"\", and his enjoyment was further diminished by what he considered \"\"the grossness of Bond's manners and his schoolboy obscenities\"\". Peter Duval Smith, in the \"\"Financial Times\"\", was in two minds about the book, believing on the one hand that \"\"the background is excellent ... Mr. Fleming has caught the exact 'feel' of Japan\"\", and on the other that \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" \"\"is not really a success and it's Bond's fault mainly. He just doesn't add up to a human being\"\". Maggie Ross, in \"\"The Listener\"\" was also a little dissatisfied, writing", "\"Casino Royale (1967 film)\"\nalso takes credit for the greatest number of actors in a Bond film either to have appeared or to go on to appear in the rest of the Eon series – besides Ursula Andress in \"\"Dr. No\"\", Vladek Sheybal appeared as Kronsteen in \"\"From Russia with Love\"\", Burt Kwouk featured as Mr. Ling in \"\"Goldfinger\"\" and an unnamed SPECTRE operative in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", Jeanne Roland plays a masseuse in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", and Angela Scoular appeared as Ruby Bartlett in \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\". Jack Gwillim, who had a tiny role as a British army officer,", "\"You Only Live Twice (song)\"\nin Bayswater, London. Sinatra later recalled that she was incredibly nervous during the recording, and it took around 30 takes to acquire enough material. Producer John Barry eventually created the final product by incorporating vocals from 25 takes. Roy Wood described Barry's string introduction to his song \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" as \"\"absolute perfection\"\". Mark Monahan of \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\" described the lyrics as \"\"mysterious, romantically \"\"carpe diem\"\" ... at once velvety, brittle and quite bewitching\"\". David Ehrlich of \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" ranked \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" the third best James Bond theme song, calling it \"\"a classic.\"\" The song is", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nknow whose side we are on, why we are on that side and why we are certain to win. In the real world that is no longer possible.\"\" Charles Poore, writing in \"\"The New York Times\"\", noted that Bond's mission \"\"is aimed at restoring Britain's pre-World War II place among the powers of the world. And on that subject, above all others, Ian Fleming's novels are endlessly, bitterly eloquent.\"\" \"\"The Boston Globe\"\"s Mary Castle opined that the agent's trip was \"\"Bond's latest and grimmest mission\"\", which she called \"\"Escapism in the Grand Manner\"\". \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" was adapted for", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nJapanese do not build castles by the sea. The group was due to return to the UK on a BOAC Boeing 707 flight (BOAC Flight 911) on 5 March 1966, but cancelled after being told they had a chance to watch a ninja demonstration. That flight crashed 25 minutes after takeoff, killing all on board. In Tokyo, the crew also found Hunt, who decided to go on holiday after having his request to direct declined. Hunt was invited to direct the second unit for \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" and accepted the job. Unlike most James Bond films featuring various locations", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nin UK. Both versions of the title song are available on CD. In 1992, Acen sampled the title song \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" for his song \"\"Trip II the Moon Part 2\"\". In 1997, Icelandic singer Björk recorded a cover version. In 1998, Robbie Williams used the distinctive string figure for his song \"\"Millennium\"\", (although it was re-recorded, rather than sampled from the movie for cost reasons). Coldplay covered it when they toured in 2001, and it was covered by Natacha Atlas for her 2005 compilation album \"\"The Best of Natacha Atlas\"\". Shirley Bassey, who has three original Bond themes", "\"Miss Moneypenny\"\nbe a Bond girl, having never had anything more than a professional relationship with Bond. Although not given a first name by Fleming, the character was given the name Jane in the spin-off book series, \"\"The Moneypenny Diaries\"\"; in the films, she received the first name of Eve in \"\"Skyfall\"\" (2012), where the character spent time as a field agent before becoming secretary to M. According to the film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" (1967), she holds the rank of second officer in the Women's Royal Naval Service. In Ian Fleming's first draft of \"\"Casino Royale\"\" (1953), Moneypenny's name was originally", "\"Joe Don Baker\"\nBond film \"\"The Living Daylights\"\", starring Timothy Dalton as 007. In 1995 and 1997, Baker returned to the series, this time playing a different character, CIA agent Jack Wade, in \"\"GoldenEye\"\" and \"\"Tomorrow Never Dies\"\", with Pierce Brosnan as Bond. Baker is one of four actors to appear as both a Bond ally and a villain, the others being Charles Gray, who appeared as Henderson in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" and Ernst Stavro Blofeld in \"\"Diamonds Are Forever\"\"; Walter Gotell, who appeared as Morzeny, the SPECTRE Island trainer, in \"\"From Russia with Love\"\" and as General Gogol, the head of", "SilverFin\nnovel details the spring break. James travels to Scotland to meet with his Aunt Charmian who is visiting Bond's ailing uncle, Max, who is dying of cancer. Both Charmian and Max are siblings of Bond's father, Andrew. It is also in this part of the novel that Higson reveals the details of Bond's parents' death, first mentioned in Ian Fleming's \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". While travelling to Scotland, Bond befriends an older boy named \"\"Red\"\"(for his bright red hair) Kelly who is travelling to the same place in search for his missing cousin, Alfie who disappeared whilst out fishing (thus", "\"Tsai Chin (actress)\"\nTsai Chin (actress) Tsai Chin () (born 30 November 1933) is a Chinese-born British actress, singer, director, teacher and author best known in America for her role as Auntie Lindo in the film \"\"The Joy Luck Club\"\". Her career spans more than six decades and three continents. She starred onstage in London's West End in \"\"The World of Suzie Wong\"\", and on Broadway in \"\"Golden Child\"\". Tsai Chin appeared in two James Bond films: as a Bond girl in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\"; and \"\"Casino Royale\"\". Her single, \"\"The Ding Dong Song,\"\" recorded for Decca, hit the top of the", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nKissy Suzuki is \"\"a most appealing heroine\"\" and \"\"apparently loves Bond very much.\"\" Apart from being the mother of Bond's unborn child at the end of the book, Suzuki also acts as a \"\"cultural translator\"\" for Bond, helping explain the local traditions and customs: Quarrel had the same function in \"\"Live and Let Die\"\" and \"\"Dr. No\"\". Academic Christoph Lindner identifies Tiger Tanaka as one of Fleming's characters with morals closer to those of traditional villains, but who act on the side of good in support of Bond; others of this type have included Darko Kerim (\"\"From Russia, with Love\"\"),", "\"Ronald Rich\"\nRonald Rich Ronald Rich is a British supporting player best known for his role as Hans, the personal bodyguard of Ernst Stavro Blofeld in the 1967 James Bond film, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Rich has appeared twice in the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episode \"\"The Time Meddler\"\" (1965), where he played 'Gunnar the Giant',a huge Viking warrior. He also appeared in the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episode \"\"Mission to the Unknown\"\" (also 1965). Rich appeared in the Lance Percival Show (1965). He appeared in Doctor in Clover (1965) as a student doctor. Other film appearances include \"\"Alfie\"\" (1966), alongside Michael Caine. In \"\"You Only", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nbook to a man of action and then, after the death of Blofeld, becoming Taro Todoroki, the Japanese partner of Kissy Suzuki. While Bond is in his action phase, Benson sees Fleming's writing becoming allegorical and epic, using Bond as a symbol of good against the evil of Blofeld. As in \"\"Goldfinger\"\" and \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\", Bond is referred to as St George in his fight against the dragon, this time by Tiger Tanaka, who says that \"\"it would make the subject for a most entertaining Japanese print.\"\" According to the author of continuation Bond novels, Raymond Benson,", "\"For Your Eyes Only (film)\"\ntake over, including Lewis Collins, known in the UK for his portrayal of Bodie in \"\"The Professionals\"\"; Ian Ogilvy, like Moore very known by his role in \"\"Return of the Saint\"\"; Michael Billington, who previously appeared in \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\" as Agent XXX's ill-fated lover, (Billington's screen test for \"\"For Your Eyes Only\"\" was one of the five occasions he auditioned for the role of Bond) and Michael Jayston, who had appeared as the eponymous spy in the British TV series of \"\"Quiller\"\" (Jayston eventually played Bond in a BBC Radio production of \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" in", "\"Kissy Suzuki\"\nKissy Suzuki Kissy Suzuki is a fictional character introduced in Ian Fleming's 1964 \"\"James Bond\"\" novel, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Despite Bond's womanizing, Kissy Suzuki (at least the literary version) remains the only character known to the reader who bears a child by him. The treatment of Kissy varies greatly between the novel and the film, where she is never identified by her name, no family name appears in the closing credits and the film ends in the usual Bond-style happy ending. In the book, Kissy is an Ama diver and former Hollywood actress. She is distantly related to an", "\"Kikko Matsuoka\"\nKikko Matsuoka Starting as a child actress, Matsuoka made her film debut in 1957 with Daiei Film's \"\"Tokyo hanzai chizu\"\". Appearing in several dozen films, including the horror film \"\"The Living Skeleton\"\" (\"\"Kyūketsu dokuro sen\"\"), she was also a gravure idol in the late 1960s. She was even seen in the 1967 James Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" as a diver girl, but was uncredited. Also working on television, she appeared in over thirty television dramas, including recurring roles on hit shows like \"\"Key Hunter\"\" and \"\"The Guardman\"\". She was also a regular on landmark variety shows like .", "\"James Bond in film\"\nit would be his last film as Bond, leaving Broccoli to tell Alan Whicker, \"\"it won't be the last Bond under any circumstances—with all due respect to Sean, who I think has been certainly the best man to play this part. We will, in our own way, try to continue the Bond series for the audience because it's too important\"\". George Lazenby was signed on to play Bond for OHMSS. Between Sean Connery giving his notice at the beginning of filming \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" and its release, Saltzman had planned to adapt \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\" in", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nOnce there, Bond subdues the driver and breaks into the office safe of president Mr. Osato. After obtaining certain documents, Bond is pursued by armed security, but is rescued by the woman he had met earlier, who flees to a secluded subway station. Bond chases her, but falls down a trap door leading to the office of the head of the Japanese secret service, Tiger Tanaka. Tanaka reveals that the woman is his assistant Aki. The stolen documents are examined and found to include a photograph of the cargo ship \"\"Ning-Po\"\" with a microdot message saying the tourist who took", "\"Ian Fleming\"\nhe\"\". For three of the novels, \"\"Goldfinger\"\", \"\"Live and Let Die\"\" and \"\"Dr. No\"\", it is Bond the British agent who has to sort out what turns out to be an American problem, and Black points out that although it is American assets that are under threat in \"\"Dr. No\"\", a British agent and a British warship, HMS \"\"Narvik\"\", are sent with British soldiers to the island at the end of the novel to settle the matter. Fleming became increasingly jaundiced about America, and his comments in the penultimate novel \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" reflect this; Bond's responses to Tanaka's", "\"Diamonds Are Forever (film)\"\nDiamonds Are Forever (film) Diamonds Are Forever is a 1971 James Bond spy film and the seventh in the \"\"James Bond\"\" series produced by Eon Productions. It is the sixth and final Eon film to star Sean Connery, who returned to the role as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, for the first time since \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" (1967), having declined to reprise the role in \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\" (1969). The film is based on Ian Fleming's 1956 novel of the same name, and is the second of four \"\"James Bond\"\" films directed by Guy Hamilton. The", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nyou don't.\"\" When the time came to begin \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", the producers were faced with the problem of a disenchanted star. Sean Connery had stated that he was tired of playing James Bond and all of the associated commitment (time spent filming and publicising each movie), together with finding it difficult to do other work, which would potentially lead to typecasting. Saltzman and Broccoli were able to persuade Connery by increasing his fee for the film, but geared up to look for a replacement. Jan Werich was originally cast by producer Harry Saltzman to play Blofeld. Upon his", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nto her credit, has also covered the song. A different title song was originally recorded by Julie Rogers, but eventually discarded. Only two lines from that version were kept in the final lyrics, and the orchestral part was changed to fit Nancy Sinatra's vocal range. Rogers' version only appeared in a James Bond 30th Anniversary CD, with no singer credit. In the 1990s, an alternative example of a possible theme song (also called \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" and sung by Lorraine Chandler) was discovered in the vaults of RCA Records. It became a very popular track with followers of the", "\"James Bond in film\"\nBond film, \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\". Guy Hamilton was initially scheduled to follow on from \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\" with \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\", but instead turned down Eon Productions during pre-production after being offered the opportunity to direct the 1978 film \"\"Superman\"\", although he was ultimately passed up for Richard Donner. Eon then turned to Lewis Gilbert, who had directed the earlier Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Broccoli commissioned a number of writers to work on the script, including Stirling Silliphant, John Landis, Ronald Hardy, Anthony Burgess and Derek Marlowe, but Richard Maibaum drew", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\neasy to read as any of them\"\". He was critical of a number of aspects, saying that the \"\"narrative is a bit weak, action long delayed and disappointing when it comes but the surround of local colour ... has been worked over with that unique combination of pubescent imagination and industry which is Mr. Fleming's speciality.\"\" In \"\"The Guardian\"\", Francis Iles wrote that \"\"I think he [Fleming] must be getting tired of the ineffable James Bond and perhaps even of writing thrillers at all\"\". Iles reasoned that \"\"of the 260 pages of \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" ... only 60 are", "\"Kissy Suzuki\"\ndoes not appear until \"\"Blast From the Past\"\", a short story published in 1996 by Raymond Benson as a direct sequel to \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". By the time of this story, Kissy is now dead, having died from ovarian cancer a few years before the story's timeline. Bond learns that she bore him a son, James Suzuki, who Bond had little involvement in raising but bore the cost of his university education. In the 1967 film adaptation, Kissy is one of the ninja agents working for Tanaka, assigned to partner Bond after the death of Aki. She \"\"marries\"\" Bond", "\"James Bond\"\nhe defeated evil master criminals in search of world domination\"\". The BBC have adapted five of the Fleming novels for broadcast: in 1990 \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" was adapted into a 90-minute radio play for BBC Radio 4 with Michael Jayston playing James Bond. The production was repeated a number of times between 2008 and 2011. On 24 May 2008 BBC Radio 4 broadcast an adaptation of \"\"Dr. No\"\". The actor Toby Stephens, who played Bond villain Gustav Graves in the Eon Productions version of \"\"Die Another Day\"\", played Bond, while Dr. No was played by David Suchet. Following its", "\"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\"\nby Jonathan Cape, additionally, it is the only Bond novel with a shared copyright credit; Pearson is the only Bond novelist so recognised. The premise of \"\"James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007\"\" is that James Bond is based upon a real MI6 agent. Fleming hinted so in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", in Bond's obituary, that his adventures were the basis of a series of \"\"sensational novels\"\"; illustrating this contention, that novel's comic strip adaptation used covers from Fleming's James Bond novels. Writing autobiographically, Pearson begins the story with his own recruitment to MI6. Already, the department had assigned Ian", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nconvincing the head of Japan's secret intelligence service, Tiger Tanaka, to provide Britain with information from radio transmissions captured from the Soviet Union, codenamed \"\"Magic 44\"\". In exchange, the Secret Service will allow the Japanese access to one of their own information sources. Bond is introduced to Tanaka—and to the Japanese lifestyle—by an Australian intelligence officer, Dikko Henderson. When Bond raises the purpose of his mission with Tanaka, it transpires that the Japanese have already penetrated the British information source and Bond has nothing left to bargain with. Instead, Tanaka asks Bond to kill Dr. Guntram Shatterhand, who operates a", "\"Shaken and Stirred: The David Arnold James Bond Project\"\nArnold's interpretation of his work; \"\"He was very faithful to the melodic and harmonic content, but he's added a whole other rhythmic freshness and some interesting casting in terms of the artists chosen to do the songs. I think it's a terrific album. I'm very flattered.\"\" A version of \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" by Björk was recorded but not included on the album. It is available as a free download from bjork.com. Arnold had previously collaborated with Björk on the 1993 song \"\"Play Dead\"\". The arrangement of \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" was also recorded with Natacha Atlas and released in", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nending to the story, the reviewer wrote that \"\"Mr. Fleming would keep us on tenterhooks, but at this rate of going even his most devoted admirers will free themselves before very long.\"\" The critic for \"\"The Spectator\"\" felt that \"\"Ian Fleming has taken a hint from films of his books and is now inclined to send himself up. I am not at all sure that he is wise\"\", while \"\"The Belfast Telegraph\"\" considered that Fleming was \"\"still in a class of his own.\"\" \"\"The Bookman\"\" declared that \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" \"\"must rank among the best of the Bonds\"\". Malcolm", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nwhere SPECTRE is introduced, and \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\", where Blofeld is involved in the murder of Bond's wife. \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" was the last book by Fleming that was published in his lifetime: he died five months after the UK release of the novel. It was written in January and February 1963 in Jamaica at Fleming's Goldeneye estate. The original manuscript was 170 pages long and the least revised of all Fleming's novels, with a mood that is dark and claustrophobic, reflecting Fleming's own increasing melancholia. The story was written after the film version of \"\"Dr. No\"\"", "\"Thelma Connell\"\nThelma Connell Thelma Connell (30 June 1912 – 29 April 1976) was a film editor from England. Born Thelma Balle Dunaway in London, she began her career as a continuity girl, and then moved to assistant editor on films such as \"\"The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp\"\" before taking the editing role for the first time in \"\"In Which We Serve\"\" (1943). Subsequent films included \"\"Green for Danger\"\" (1946), \"\"The Deadly Affair\"\" (1966) and \"\"Alfie\"\" (1966) for which she was nominated for a BAFTA. She was the original editor on the 1967 James Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\",", "\"Diamonds Are Forever (film)\"\nJohn W. Mitchell and Al Overton. It lost to \"\"Fiddler on the Roof\"\". Diamonds Are Forever (film) Diamonds Are Forever is a 1971 James Bond spy film and the seventh in the \"\"James Bond\"\" series produced by Eon Productions. It is the sixth and final Eon film to star Sean Connery, who returned to the role as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, for the first time since \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" (1967), having declined to reprise the role in \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\" (1969). The film is based on Ian Fleming's 1956 novel of the same name, and", "\"Peter Maivia\"\nthe Wild Samoans (Afa and Sika), thus the Anoa'i family regard the Maivia line from him on forward as an extension of their own clan. Maivia was also in the fifth James Bond film, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", where he plays a driver who transports a disguised Bond to Osato headquarters. His character also fights Bond, is hit with a sofa, wields a katana, and is put down with a statue. He was the (uncredited) stunt fight co-ordinator for the film. In 1981, Maivia was diagnosed with cancer. He died on June 12, 1982. Maivia was posthumously inducted into the", "\"Ernst Stavro Blofeld\"\nperhaps six foot three (190 cm), and powerfully built.\"\" It is indicated that Blofeld has by now gone completely insane, as he all but admits himself when Bond levels the accusation. Bond strangles him to death at the end of the novel. In both \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\" and \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", Blofeld is aided in his schemes by Irma Bunt, who is clearly his lover in the latter, and posing as Shatterhand's wife. Bond incapacitates her in their Japanese castle base before it blows up, killing Bunt. The final mention of Blofeld is in the beginning of", "\"Wet Nellie\"\nWet Nellie Wet Nellie is a custom-built submarine, created for the 1977 James Bond film \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\" in the shape of a Lotus Esprit S1 sports car. The Esprit was chosen to give James Bond a glamorous car to drive. \"\"Wet Nellie\"\" is named in reference to Little Nellie, an autogyro featured in the James Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Little Nellie was named after Nellie Wallace. The submarine does not maintain a dry interior, and thus is a \"\"wet sub\"\" that requires occupants to don scuba gear. It was built by Perry Oceanographic, Inc., of", "\"Shaken, not stirred\"\nlemon peel. Shaken, not stirred.\"\" Bond did not vocally order one himself until \"\"Goldfinger\"\" (1964). In the 1967 film \"\"You Only Live Twice,\"\" Bond's contact Henderson prepares a martini for Bond and says, \"\"That's, um, stirred not shaken. That was right, wasn't it?\"\" To which Bond replies politely, \"\"Perfect.\"\" In George Lazenby's only film as Bond, \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service,\"\" Bond never actually orders himself a drink, but when he meets Marc-Ange Draco for the first time, Draco tells his assistant, Olympe, to get a dry martini for Bond. Draco then adds, \"\"Shaken, not stirred.\"\" Roger Moore's Bond never", "\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)\"\nrights dispute over the novel were settled between Fleming and Kevin McClory. \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\" was due to follow that, but problems with a warm Swiss winter and inadequate snow cover led to Saltzman and Broccoli postponing the film again, favouring production of \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Between the resignation of Sean Connery at the beginning of filming \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" and its release, Saltzman had planned to adapt \"\"The Man with the Golden Gun\"\" in Cambodia and use Roger Moore as the next Bond, but political instability meant the location was ruled out and Moore signed", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nserialisation in the \"\"Daily Express\"\" newspaper on a daily basis from 2 March 1964 onwards. \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" was serialised in the April, May and June 1964 issues of \"\"Playboy\"\" magazine. Ian Fleming's novel was adapted as a daily comic strip published in the \"\"Daily Express\"\" newspaper, and syndicated worldwide. The adaptation, written by Henry Gammidge and illustrated by John McLusky, ran from 18 May 1965 to 8 January 1966. It was the final James Bond strip for Gammidge, while McClusky returned to illustrating the strip in the 1980s. The strip was reprinted by Titan Books in \"\"The James", "\"You Only Live Twice (film)\"\nwar. Blofeld summons Osato for not having killed Bond, who immediately blames his assistant, Brandt. Blofeld then gives Osato a last chance, but as Brandt leaves, he activates a mechanism that drops her into a pool filled with piranhas. Brandt is forced to pay for her failure with her life by being devoured alive, and Blofeld instructs Osato to kill Bond. Bond is then informed of Tanaka's plan: he is to train with Tanaka's ninjas, disguise himself as a Japanese fisherman alongside a Japanese wife, and infiltrate SPECTRE's island. Before this plan can be completed, Aki is killed when she", "\"For Special Services\"\nOSS was disbanded in 1945; accordingly, the Central Intelligence Agency; formed in 1947 is a direct descendant of the OSS. Bond teams up with CIA agent Cedar Leiter, daughter of his old friend, Felix Leiter, to investigate one Markus Bismaquer, who is suspected of reviving the criminal organisation SPECTRE, which was believed to have been disbanded years earlier following the death of its leader, Ernst Stavro Blofeld, at the hands of Bond (in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\"). The British Secret Service learns that Bismaquer is an obsessive collector of rare prints, so Bond and Cedar visit the man's huge ranch", "\"Wet Nellie\"\nMusk stated that he plans to use Tesla Motors' electric drive train in making his conversion a reality. Wet Nellie Wet Nellie is a custom-built submarine, created for the 1977 James Bond film \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\" in the shape of a Lotus Esprit S1 sports car. The Esprit was chosen to give James Bond a glamorous car to drive. \"\"Wet Nellie\"\" is named in reference to Little Nellie, an autogyro featured in the James Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Little Nellie was named after Nellie Wallace. The submarine does not maintain a dry interior, and thus is", "\"Billy Strange\"\nLittle, Love a Little\"\" and \"\"The Trouble with Girls\"\". He also wrote \"\"Limbo Rock\"\" that was recorded by The Champs and Chubby Checker. Strange recorded arrangements of James Bond movie themes for GNP Crescendo Records and provided the instrumental backing and arrangement for Nancy Sinatra's non-soundtrack version of \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", as well as Nancy and Frank Sinatra's \"\"Somethin' Stupid\"\". He was recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame for his pioneering contribution to the genre. Strange played guitar on numerous Beach Boys hits, including \"\"Sloop John B\"\" and the \"\"Pet Sounds\"\" album. He also played guitar for Nancy", "\"The Spy Who Loved Me (film)\"\nthe symptoms of clinical depression in himself. Another troubling aspect of the production was the difficulty in obtaining a director. The producers approached Steven Spielberg, who was in post-production of \"\"Jaws\"\", but ultimately decided against him. The first director attached to the film was Guy Hamilton, who directed the previous three Bond films as well as \"\"Goldfinger\"\", but he left after being offered the opportunity to direct the 1978 film \"\"Superman\"\", although Richard Donner took over the project. Eon Productions later turned to Lewis Gilbert, who had directed the earlier Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". With a director finally", "\"King Kong Escapes\"\nof the original 1933 film) about a tamed Kong who is befriended by a boy and directed to fight for the forces of good. That concept (minus the boy) is combined with a mad scientist story with elements from the then-popular spy film genre. The sinister Dr. Who (not to be confused with the British television series, its main character or his film version) is patterned after \"\"James Bond\"\" villains Dr. No and Ernst Stavro Blofeld. His partner, Madame Piranha, is an Asian spy played by Mie Hama, fresh from the Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" (1967). Submarine commander", "\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service (novel)\"\nfilms altered accordingly. Even so, the character of Blofeld was present in the previous film, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", and he and Bond had met: this previous meeting was ignored for the plot of \"\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\"\". Radio (2014) In 2014 the novel was adapted for BBC Radio 4's \"\"Saturday Drama\"\" strand. Toby Stephens, who played Gustav Graves in \"\"Die Another Day\"\", portrayed Bond. Joanna Lumley appeared in both the film and radio adaptations of the novel. On Her Majesty's Secret Service (novel) On Her Majesty's Secret Service is the tenth novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series,", "\"Atout cœur à Tokyo pour OSS 117\"\non Jean Bruce's character, the film features an original story by the first James Bond director Terence Young. The film was released a year before the James Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" and has some similarities to that film and the future James Bond film \"\"The Spy Who Loved Me\"\" as well as previous 007 films such as \"\"Thunderball\"\". The film begins with a pre-credits sequence of Secret Agent OSS 117, Colonel Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath (Frederick Stafford) chased by two cars containing enemy agents. OSS 117 manages to blow up both of the vehicles and escape by", "\"The Bond Collection\"\nThere were no singles issued from this album. A new album \"\"Bassey Sings Bond\"\" (not to be confused with TRING Records1994 edition) with new recordings of Bond songs was recorded for EMI and was to be released at the end of 2002. Again this project ran into problems shortly after recording and it has not been released. The vocal performance of \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" recorded for this album was remixed in 2007 for the album \"\"Get the Party Started\"\". The Bond Collection The Bond Collection, a.k.a. Bassey Sings Bond, is a 1987 studio album by Shirley Bassey, notable for", "\"O. F. Snelling\"\n1964 analysis of the James Bond books, \"\"Double O Seven, James Bond, A Report\"\", the only such title personally authorized by Ian Fleming. Part of the book’s initial success was that its publication roughly coincided with the death of Fleming in August 1964 and included footnotes discussing the recently issued Bond novel, \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\". Focused on the literary 007 with passing mentions of the first Sean Connery films, Snelling examined the predecessors to Bond, his adversaries, and especially the women in the novels. Knowing novelist Kingsley Amis was also working on a similar study (published as \"\"The James", "\"James Bond (literary character)\"\nand one short story in the life of a young James Bond; his final work was the short story \"\"A Hard Man to Kill\"\", released as part of the non-fiction work, \"\"\"\", the companion book to the Young Bond series. Young Bond is set in the 1930s, which would fit the chronology with that of Fleming. Higson stated that he was instructed by the Fleming estate to ignore all other interpretations of Bond, except the original Fleming version. As the background to Bond's childhood, Higson used Bond's obituary in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" as well as his own and Fleming's", "\"You Only Live Twice (novel)\"\nby M to redeem himself with a difficult mission, Bond's character changes under the ministrations of Dikko Henderson, Tiger Tanaka and Kissy Suzuki. The result, according to Benson, is a Bond with a sense of humour and a purpose in life. Benson finds the transformation of Bond's character to be the most important theme in the novel: that of rebirth. This is suggested in Bond's attempt at a Haiku, written in the style of Japanese poet Matsuo Bashō: The rebirth in question is that of Bond, transformed from the heavily drinking man mourning his wife at the beginning of the", "\"The Cove (film)\"\nare unaware of the situation at the cove, \"\"To me, it's a love letter. I'm giving you the information your government won't give you.\"\" This did not sway critics who saw the movie and stated that \"\"Not since Mr Osato accidentally killed a beautiful woman with poison that was intended for James Bond in \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" have Japanese people been depicted so one-dimensionally on celluloid.\"\" \"\"Close-up Gendai\"\", an investigative journalism program on NHK, reported questions raised regarding the objectivity of the filming. One scene in the film was presented as having been manufactured for the camera. The segment", "\"Charles Gray (actor)\"\nCharles Gray (actor) Charles Gray (29 August 1928 – 7 March 2000) was an English actor who was well known for roles including the arch-villain Blofeld in the James Bond film \"\"Diamonds Are Forever\"\", Dikko Henderson in a previous Bond film \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", Sherlock Holmes's brother Mycroft Holmes in \"\"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes\"\" and as the Criminologist in \"\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\"\" in 1975. Gray was born Donald Marshall Gray in Bournemouth, Hampshire, the son of Maude Elizabeth (née Marshall) and Donald Gray, who was a surveyor. Gray attended Bournemouth School alongside Benny Hill, whose school", "\"On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)\"\nOn Her Majesty's Secret Service (film) On Her Majesty's Secret Service is a 1969 British spy film and the sixth in the \"\"James Bond\"\" series produced by Eon Productions. It is based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Ian Fleming. Following Sean Connery's decision to retire from the role after \"\"You Only Live Twice\"\", Eon Productions selected an unknown actor and model, George Lazenby, to play the part of James Bond. During the making of the film, Lazenby announced that he would play the role of Bond only once. In the film, Bond faces Blofeld (Telly Savalas),", "\"Nancy Sinatra\"\nof the CD reissue of her 1966 album, \"\"Nancy In London\"\", Sinatra states that she was \"\"scared to death\"\" of recording the song, and asked the songwriters: \"\"Are you sure you don't want Shirley Bassey?\"\" There are two versions of the Bond theme. The first is the lushly orchestrated track featured during the opening and closing credits of the film. The second—and more guitar-heavy—version appeared on the double A-sided single with \"\"Jackson\"\", though the Bond theme stalled at No.44 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. \"\"Jackson\"\"/\"\"You Only Live Twice\"\" was more successful in the U.K., reaching No.11 on the singles" ]

[ false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false ]

[ "convergent boundary" ]

[ "\"Plate tectonics\"\na planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into tectonic plates. The Earth's lithosphere is composed of seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary: convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries (or faults). The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 100 mm annually. Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries,", "\"Mountain formation\"\nplate tectonics in the 1960s geosyncline theory was used to explain much mountain-building. There are four main types of mountains: volcanic, fold,residual, and block. A more detailed classification useful on a local scale predates plate tectonics and adds to these categories. Movements of tectonic plates create volcanoes along the plate boundaries, which erupt and form mountains. A \"\"volcanic arc system\"\" is a series of volcanoes that form near a subduction zone where the crust of a sinking oceanic plate melts and drags water down with the subducting crust. Most volcanoes occur in a band encircling the Pacific Ocean (the Pacific", "\"1975 Kinnaur earthquake\"\nthe late 1970s and early 1980s in Himachal Pradesh. The Spiti and Parachu valleys in particular suffered the greatest damage being on the north-south Kaurik-Chango fault, causing damage to landmarks such as Key Monastery and Tabo Monastery. The state of Himachal Pradesh lies towards the southern boundary of the Himalayan mountain belt, which was formed by the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The mountain building that formed the Himalayas is an example of thrust tectonics and is dominated by thrust faulting. There is however, a significant amount of extension along the length of the mountain belt,", "Himalayas\nwestern end in the dramatic 8000 m peak of Nanga Parbat, which rises over 7000 m above the Indus valley and is the most westerly of the 8000 m summits. The Himalayan range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consists mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. According to the modern theory of plate tectonics, its formation is a result of a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The Arakan Yoma highlands in Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal", "\"Trinity River (California)\"\n– with the North American Plate, causing uplift of the sea floor under what is now northwestern California. During the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, tectonic movement along the plate boundary produced a range of mountains much higher than those found in the area today. Over millions of years these mountains were eroded, then reformed again as the next oceanic terrane collided with the continental crust. This repeating cycle of erosion and orogeny created the complex \"\"jumble of different rock types\"\" that characterizes the region today. Rocks commonly found in the Trinity River area include gabbro, chert, granite, diorite, limestone, sandstone,", "\"Plate tectonics\"\nthat there were two types of crust, named \"\"sial\"\" (continental type crust) and \"\"sima\"\" (oceanic type crust). Furthermore, it was supposed that a static shell of strata was present under the continents. It therefore looked apparent that a layer of basalt (sial) underlies the continental rocks. However, based on abnormalities in plumb line deflection by the Andes in Peru, Pierre Bouguer had deduced that less-dense mountains must have a downward projection into the denser layer underneath. The concept that mountains had \"\"roots\"\" was confirmed by George B. Airy a hundred years later, during study of Himalayan gravitation, and seismic studies", "\"Regolith-hosted rare earth element deposits\"\noriginated formed anorogenic (non-mountain building) and anhydrous settings (e.g. divergent plate boundaries), which consequently form A-type granites, are REEs-enriched. This is because lower degree of partial melting in this tectonic setting favours the enrichment of the REEs, which are incompatible and tend to melt preferentially. However, from field observations, A-type granite is not outstandingly REEs-enriched (in Total REE %). Instead, it is similar to I-type granites (sourced from magma of partially-melted igneous rocks) and S-type granites (sourced from magma of partially-melted sedimentary rocks), which are originated from orogenic (mountain-building) settings (e.g. convergent plate boundaries). In terms of geological times, these", "\"Plate tectonics\"\nand more heavier elements (\"\"mafic\"\") than continental crust (\"\"felsic\"\"). As a result of this density stratification, oceanic crust generally lies below sea level (for example most of the Pacific Plate), while continental crust buoyantly projects above sea level (see the page isostasy for explanation of this principle). Three types of plate boundaries exist, with a fourth, mixed type, characterized by the way the plates move relative to each other. They are associated with different types of surface phenomena. The different types of plate boundaries are: It has generally been accepted that tectonic plates are able to move because of the", "\"Intraplate deformation\"\nfault. There are three main types of faults: normal faults, reverse faults\"\", and strike slip (transform) faults. All of these are ways the crust can deform is due to the different types of plate margins, which are: divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, and transform boundaries. These three boundaries do not always form perfectly and this can lead to a mixed boundary. Mixed boundaries can be a combination of a transform with convergence or a transform with divergence. Central/East Asia is possibly the best example of large-scale intraplate deformation. The formation and uplift of the Tibetan plateau and the Himalayan mountain range", "Himalayas\nHimalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (), form a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayan range has many of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. The Himalayas include over fifty mountains exceeding in elevation, including ten of the fourteen 8,000-metre peaks. By contrast, the highest peak outside Asia (Aconcagua, in the Andes) is tall. Lifted by the subduction of the Indian tectonic plate under the Eurasian Plate, the Himalayan mountain range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc long. Its western anchor, Nanga Parbat, lies just south", "\"Tectonics of the Tian Shan\"\nQuaternary offset is about 10 km and the total offset since the Paleozoic is about 200 km. Tectonics of the Tian Shan The Tian Shan is a mountain range in central Asia that extends through western China, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. The Tian Shan is long, and up to high. Throughout the Tian Shan there are several intermontane basins separated by high ranges. Plate tectonic theory makes the assumption that deformation is concentrated along plate boundaries. However, active deformation is observed in the Tian Shan, far from plate boundaries. This apparent contradiction of plate tectonic theory makes the Tian Shan a", "\"Tectonics of the Tian Shan\"\nTectonics of the Tian Shan The Tian Shan is a mountain range in central Asia that extends through western China, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. The Tian Shan is long, and up to high. Throughout the Tian Shan there are several intermontane basins separated by high ranges. Plate tectonic theory makes the assumption that deformation is concentrated along plate boundaries. However, active deformation is observed in the Tian Shan, far from plate boundaries. This apparent contradiction of plate tectonic theory makes the Tian Shan a key place to study the dynamics of intracontinental deformation. The intracontinental weakness of Asia's interior has caused", "\"Himalayan foreland basin\"\nstage and this axis of deposition shifted southwards, sub-parallel to Himalayan trends. The Lower Siwalik is characterized by a facies of alternating sandstone and <50% mudstone. The Paleocene epoch marked the initial time of the India-Eurasia collision. Based on paleomagnetic records, around the time of 55-50 Ma the velocity of the Indian Plate decreased rapidly and is followed by a sequence of thrusts and compressional tectonics between the two plates which then triggered the development of the Himalayan Mountain belt. It is believed that the initial collision occurred close to the equator where deposits of bauxite is found within the", "\"Fold mountains\"\nact at tangent to the surface of the earth and are primarily a result of plate tectonics. Fold mountains form when two tectonic plates move towards each other at convergent plate boundary. When plates and the continents riding on them collide, the accumulated layers of rock may crumple and fold like a tablecloth that is pushed across a table, particularly if there is a mechanically weak layer such as salt. The mountains such formed are usually more in length instead of breadth. Fold mountains Fold mountains are mountains that form mainly by the effects of folding on layers within the", "Earth\nplate boundaries, earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation can occur. The tectonic plates ride on top of the asthenosphere, the solid but less-viscous part of the upper mantle that can flow and move along with the plates. As the tectonic plates migrate, oceanic crust is subducted under the leading edges of the plates at convergent boundaries. At the same time, the upwelling of mantle material at divergent boundaries creates mid-ocean ridges. The combination of these processes recycles the oceanic crust back into the mantle. Due to this recycling, most of the ocean floor is less than old. The", "Earth\nthrough plate tectonics, by mantle upwelling associated with mid-ocean ridges. The final major mode of heat loss is through conduction through the lithosphere, the majority of which occurs under the oceans because the crust there is much thinner than that of the continents. Earth's mechanically rigid outer layer, the lithosphere, is divided into tectonic plates. These plates are rigid segments that move relative to each other at one of three boundaries types: At convergent boundaries, two plates come together; at divergent boundaries, two plates are pulled apart; and at transform boundaries, two plates slide past one another laterally. Along these", "\"Interplate earthquake\"\ndrop which occurs after the earthquake also differentiate the two types of events. Intraplate earthquakes have, on average, a higher stress drop than that of an interplate earthquake and generally higher intensity. Mechanically, interplate earthquakes differ from other seismic events in that they are caused by motion at the boundary between two tectonic plates. An interplate earthquake event occurs when the accumulated stress at a tectonic plate boundary are released via brittle failure and displacement along the fault. There are three types of plate boundaries to consider in the context of interplate earthquake events: Scientists have determined that interplate earthquakes", "\"Abyssal plain\"\nwhich rides atop the asthenosphere, is divided into a number of tectonic plates that are continuously being created and consumed at their opposite plate boundaries. Oceanic crust and tectonic plates are formed and move apart at mid-ocean ridges. Abyssal hills are formed by stretching of the oceanic lithosphere. Consumption or destruction of the oceanic lithosphere occurs at oceanic trenches (a type of convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary) by a process known as subduction. Oceanic trenches are found at places where the oceanic lithospheric slabs of two different plates meet, and the denser (older) slab begins to", "\"South Aegean Volcanic Arc\"\nSouth Aegean Volcanic Arc The South Aegean Volcanic Arc is a chain of volcanic islands in the South Aegean Sea formed by plate tectonics as a consequence of the subduction of the African tectonic plate beneath the Eurasian plate. The southern Aegean is one of the most rapidly deforming regions of the Himalayan-Alpine mountain belt. The active portion of the South Aegean Arc comprises a number of dormant and historically active volcanoes, including Aegina, Methana, Milos, Santorini and Kolumbo, and Kos, Nisyros and Yali. Of these, only Santorini, Kolumbo and Nisyros have either erupted or shown any significant evidence of", "\"Plate tectonics\"\ntopographic features such as mountains, volcanoes, mid-ocean ridges, and oceanic trenches. The majority of the world's active volcanoes occur along plate boundaries, with the Pacific Plate's Ring of Fire being the most active and widely known today. These boundaries are discussed in further detail below. Some volcanoes occur in the interiors of plates, and these have been variously attributed to internal plate deformation and to mantle plumes. As explained above, tectonic plates may include continental crust or oceanic crust, and most plates contain both. For example, the African Plate includes the continent and parts of the floor of the Atlantic", "Andes\nrange, but ongoing geological studies indicate that such a simplification does not do justice to the complex tectonic boundary between the South American and Caribbean plates. The Andes are a Mesozoic–Tertiary orogenic belt of mountains along the Pacific Ring of Fire, a zone of volcanic activity that encompasses the Pacific rim of the Americas as well as the Asia-Pacific region. The Andes are the result of tectonic plate processes, caused by the subduction of oceanic crust beneath the South American Plate.It is the result of a convergent plate boundary between the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate The main", "\"Roscoea forrestii\"\nthe region in the last 50 million years or so due to the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Species of \"\"Roscoea\"\" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a \"\"Chinese\"\" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains of China and", "\"Roscoea schneideriana\"\nthe uplift taking place in the region in the last 50 million years or so due to the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Species of \"\"Roscoea\"\" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a \"\"Chinese\"\" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains of", "\"Roscoea humeana\"\nplace in the region in the last 50 million years or so due to the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Species of \"\"Roscoea\"\" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a \"\"Chinese\"\" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains of", "Orogeny\nto thermal buoyancy related to the hot mantle underneath them; this thermal buoyancy is known as dynamic topography. In strike-slip orogens, such as the San Andreas Fault, restraining bends result in regions of localized crustal shortening and mountain building without a plate-margin-wide orogeny. Hotspot volcanism results in the formation of isolated mountains and mountain chains that look as if they are not necessarily on present tectonic-plate boundaries, but they are essentially the product of plate tectonism. Regions can also experience uplift as a result of delamination of the orogenic lithosphere, in which an unstable portion of cold lithospheric root drips", "\"Roscoea scillifolia\"\nso due to the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Species of \"\"Roscoea\"\" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a \"\"Chinese\"\" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains of China and its southern neighbours. \"\"R. scillifolia\"\" falls into the Chinese", "\"Roscoea cangshanensis\"\nand Asian tectonic plates. Species of \"\"Roscoea\"\" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a \"\"Chinese\"\" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains of China and its southern neighbours. \"\"R. cangshanensis\"\" was not described until after the phylogenetic analysis by Ngamriabsakul et al.", "\"Roscoea australis\"\nmillion years or so due to the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Species of \"\"Roscoea\"\" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a \"\"Chinese\"\" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains of China and its southern neighbours. \"\"R. australis\"\" falls", "\"Roscoea tibetica\"\nof the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Species of \"\"Roscoea\"\" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a \"\"Chinese\"\" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains of China and its southern neighbours. \"\"R. tibetica\"\" was formerly thought to be unique in occurring on", "\"Roscoea capitata\"\ntaking place in the region in the last 50 million years or so due to the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Species of \"\"Roscoea\"\" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a \"\"Chinese\"\" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along the Himalayas and eastwards into the mountains", "\"Great Unconformity\"\nof sedimentary or igneous strata in low-lying areas (often ocean basins, such as the Gulf of Mexico or the North Sea, but also Bangladesh and much of Brazil), then being uplifted and eroded (such as the ongoing Himalayan orogeny, the older Laramide orogeny of the Rocky Mountains, or much older Appalachian (Alleghanian) and Ouachita orogenies), then subsequently subsiding, eventually to be buried under younger sediments. The intervening periods of tectonic uplift are generally periods of mountain building, often due to the collision of tectonic plates. The \"\"great\"\" unconformities of regional or continental scale (in both geography and chronology) are associated", "Earthscope\nwill provide a large amount of information which will contribute to the understanding of continental dynamics and for the quantification of seismic hazards. There are seven topics that EarthScope will address with the use of the observatories. Convergent margins, also known as convergent boundaries, are active regions of deformation between two or more tectonic plates colliding with one another. Convergent margins create areas of tectonic uplift, such as mountain ranges or volcanoes. EarthScope is focusing on the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate in the western United States. EarthScope will provide GPS geodetic data, seismic images,", "Volcano\nvolcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of \"\"plate hypothesis\"\" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called \"\"hotspots\"\", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one", "\"Indian Plate\"\nside of the Indian Plate is a transform boundary with the Arabian Plate called the Owen Fracture Zone, and a divergent boundary with the African Plate called the Central Indian Ridge (CIR). The northerly side of the Plate is a convergent boundary with the Eurasian Plate forming the Himalaya and Hindu Kush mountains. Indian Plate The Indian Plate or India Plate is a major tectonic plate straddling the equator in the eastern hemisphere. Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana, India broke away from the other fragments of Gondwana and began moving north. Once fused with the adjacent", "\"Erosion and tectonics\"\ntectonics, which can create topography and maintain relief through surface and rock uplift, and climate, which mediates the erosional processes that wear away upland areas over time. The interaction of these processes can form, modify, or destroy geomorphic features on the Earth’s surface. The term tectonics refers to the study of the Earth's surface structure and the ways in which it changes over time. Tectonic processes typically occur at plate boundaries which are one of three types: convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, or transform boundaries. These processes form and modify the topography of the Earth's surface, effectively increasing relief through the", "\"Aravalli Range\"\nrise sediments of the Aravalli-Jharol belts depositing on the attenuated crust on the eastern flank of the separated continent, subsequent destruction of the continental margin by accretion of the Delhi island arc (a type of archipelago composed of an arc-shaped chain of volcanoes closely situated parallel to a convergent boundary between two converging tectonic plates) from the west around 1.5 Ga. This tectonic plates collision event involved early thrusting with partial obduction (overthrusting of oceanic lithosphere onto continental lithosphere at a convergent plate boundary) of the oceanic crust along the Rakhabdev lineament, flattening and eventual wrenching (also called strike-slip plate", "\"Caribbean Plate\"\nPeninsula, today represented by the Aves Islands and the Lesser and Greater Antilles. This arc was the subject of constant tectonism and sea-level fluctuations but lasted until the mid-Eocene and intermittently formed a land bridge along the eastern and northern boundaries of the Caribbean Plate. (What would eventually become present-day Central America, part of the western plate boundary, was still isolated in the Pacific.) , during the Late Paleocene, a local sea-level low-stand assisted by the continental uplift of the western margin of South America, resulted in a fully operative land bridge over which several groups of mammals apparently took", "Earthquake\nis the strongly oblique convergent plate boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian plates where it runs through the northwestern part of the Zagros Mountains. The deformation associated with this plate boundary is partitioned into nearly pure thrust sense movements perpendicular to the boundary over a wide zone to the southwest and nearly pure strike-slip motion along the Main Recent Fault close to the actual plate boundary itself. This is demonstrated by earthquake focal mechanisms. All tectonic plates have internal stress fields caused by their interactions with neighboring plates and sedimentary loading or unloading (e.g. deglaciation). These stresses may be sufficient", "\"Prehistoric Scotland\"\nsupercontinent. At the start of the Tertiary, a constructive plate boundary (at which tectonic plates move apart) became active between Laurentia and Eurasia, pushing the two apart (and parting Scotland from Laurentia). This recession opened the Atlantic Ocean for the first time, and the consequent subduction zone at the western plate margin led to a renewed period of volcanism, this time on Scotland's west coast, producing fresh mountains on Skye, Jura, Mull, Rùm, and Arran. This tectonic activity produced the basis of Scotland's topography: ancient mountains in the North and South of the country, partially eroded by 400 million years", "Ophiolite\ntheorized, was either due to the Andes being preceded by a shallow geosyncline or representing just the margin of a geosyncline. Thus, Cordilleran-type and Alpine-type mountains were to be different in this regard. In Hans Stille's models a type of geosyncline called eugesynclines were characterized by producing an \"\"initial magmatism\"\" that in some cases corresponded to ophiolitic magmatism. As plate tectonic theory prevailed in geology and geosyncline theory became outdated ophiolites were interpreted in the new framework. They were recognized as fragments of oceanic lithosphere, and dykes were viewed as the result of extensional tectonics at mid-ocean ridges. The plutonic", "Oceania\nis early-Cretaceous (145 to 137 million years ago). Australia, being part of the Indo-Australian plate, is the lowest, flattest, and oldest landmass on Earth and it has had a relatively stable geological history. Geological forces such as tectonic uplift of mountain ranges or clashes between tectonic plates occurred mainly in Australia's early history, when it was still a part of Gondwana. Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, and therefore currently has no active volcanism. The geology of New Zealand is noted for its volcanic activity, earthquakes and geothermal areas because of its position on the boundary", "\"Tectonic evolution of the Transantarctic Mountains\"\nTectonic evolution of the Transantarctic Mountains The tectonic evolution of the Transantarctic Mountains appears to have begun when Antarctica broke away from Australia during the late Cretaceous and is ongoing, creating along the way some of the longest mountain ranges (at 3500 kilometers) formed by rift flank uplift and associated continental rifting. The Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) separate East and West Antarctica. The rift system that formed them is caused by a reactivation of crust along the East Antarctic Craton. This rifting or seafloor spreading causes plate movement that results in a nearby convergent boundary which then forms the mountain range.", "\"Subduction polarity reversal\"\nSubduction polarity reversal Subduction polarity reversal is a geologic process in which two converging plates switch roles: The over-lying plate becomes the down-going plate, and vice versa. There are two basic units which make up a subduction zone. This consists of an overriding plate and the subduction plate. Two plates move towards each other due to tectonic forces. The overriding plate will be on the top of the subducting plate. This type of tectonic interaction is found at many plate boundaries. However, some geologists propose that the roles of the overriding plate and subducting plate do not remain the same", "\"Roscoea alpina\"\nand be a response to the uplift taking place in the region in the last 50 million years or so due to the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Species of \"\"Roscoea\"\" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a \"\"Chinese\"\" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and then spread westwards along", "\"Great Himalayan National Park\"\nAsiatic region. As a result of its 4,100 m elevation range the park has a diversity of zones with their representative flora and fauna, such as alpine, glacial, temperate, and sub tropical forests. These biogeographic elements are result of geological evolution of Himalaya which continues today from the action of plate tectonics and continental drift. Over 100 million years ago, the Indian sub-continent broke off from the large, southern landmass, Gondwanaland and moved north. It eventually slammed into the northern land mass, Laurasia, and formed the gigantic folded mountains of the Himalaya. Due to this union of Gondwanaland and Asiatic", "\"Transform fault\"\nTransform fault A transform fault or transform boundary is a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. It ends abruptly and is connected to another transform, a spreading ridge, or a subduction zone. Most of these faults are hidden in the deep ocean, where they offset divergent boundaries in short zigzags resulting from seafloor spreading, the best-known (and most destructive) being those on land at the margins of continental tectonic plates. A transform fault is the only type of strike-slip fault that is classified as a plate boundary. These faults are also known as conservative plate boundaries, since they", "\"Macquarie Triple Junction\"\nlast major region of the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate Boundary is the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone at which the Pacific Plate is subducted beneath the Indo-Australian Plate, in opposition of the Puysequr Trench. This convergent boundary has a rate of subduction of approximately 5.5-7.4 cm/yr. Macquarie Triple Junction The Macquarie Triple Junction is a geologically active tectonic boundary located at at which the Indo-Australian Plate, Pacific Plate, and Antarctic Plate collide and interact. The term Triple Junction is given to particular tectonic boundaries at which three separate tectonic plates meet at a specific, singular location. The Macquarie Triple Junction is", "\"Roscoea nepalensis\"\nmay have evolved relatively recently as a response to the uplift taking place in the region in the last 50 million years or so due to the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Species of \"\"Roscoea\"\" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a \"\"Chinese\"\" clade (which includes some species from outside China). The two clades correspond to a geographical separation, their main distributions being divided by the Brahmaputra River as it flows south at the end of the Himalayan mountain chain. It has been suggested that the genus may have originated in this area and", "Tectonics\nover-riding plate in zones of oblique collision and accommodates deformation in the foreland to a collisional belt. In plate tectonics the outermost part of the Earththe crust and uppermost mantleare viewed as acting as a single mechanical layer, the lithosphere. The lithosphere is divided into separate \"\"plates\"\" that move relative to each other on the underlying, relatively weak asthenosphere in a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from the Earth's interior. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, where plates move apart from each other and new lithosphere is formed in the process of sea-floor", "\"Megathrust earthquake\"\nMegathrust earthquake Megathrust earthquakes occur at subduction zones at destructive convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another. These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes (\"\"M\"\") that can exceed 9.0. Since 1900, all earthquakes of magnitude 9.0 or greater have been megathrust earthquakes. No other type of known terrestrial source of tectonic activity has produced earthquakes of this scale. During the rupture, one side of the fault is pushed upwards relative to the other, and it is this type of movement that is known as thrust. They are a type of dip-slip fault.", "\"Mid-ocean ridge\"\nMid-ocean ridge A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine. This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an 'oceanic spreading center', which is responsible for seafloor spreading. The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to plate spreading; this isentropic upwelling solid mantle material eventually exceeds the solidus and melts. The buoyant melt rises as magma at a linear weakness in the oceanic crust, and emerges", "\"Macquarie Triple Junction\"\nMacquarie Triple Junction The Macquarie Triple Junction is a geologically active tectonic boundary located at at which the Indo-Australian Plate, Pacific Plate, and Antarctic Plate collide and interact. The term Triple Junction is given to particular tectonic boundaries at which three separate tectonic plates meet at a specific, singular location. The Macquarie Triple Junction is located on the seafloor of the southern region of the Pacific Ocean, just south of New Zealand. This tectonic boundary was named in respect to the nearby Macquarie Island, which is located southeast of New Zealand. Our understanding of the evolution of the Macquarie Triple", "Metamorphism\nrecord without melting \"\"ultra-high\"\" metamorphic temperatures of 900 – 1100 °C. The metamorphic process usually has to be over pressure of at least 100 mega pascals but below 300 mega pascals, the depth of 100 mega pascals varies depending on what type of rock is applying pressure. Regional or \"\"Barrovian\"\" metamorphism covers large areas of continental crust typically associated with mountain ranges, particularly those associated with convergent tectonic plates or the roots of previously eroded mountains. Conditions producing widespread regionally metamorphosed rocks occur during an orogenic event. The collision of two continental plates or island arcs with continental plates produce", "\"Chaman Fault\"\nparallel mountain ranges of eastern Balochistan, (east to west) the Kirthar Mountains, the Khude Mountains, the Zarro Mountains, the Pab Mountains and the Mor Mountains, are a result of the compressional plate boundary and are aligned parallel to the Chaman fault movement. The fault itself is west of these ranges. Chaman Fault The Chaman Fault is a major, active geological fault in Pakistan and Afghanistan that runs for over 850 km. Tectonically, it is actually a system of related geologic faults that separates the Eurasian Plate from the Indo-Australian Plate. It is a terrestrial, primarily transform, left-lateral strike-slip fault. The", "\"Geochemical cycle\"\nthe movement of material between the deep Earth and the surface reservoirs. This occurs through two different processes: volcanism and subduction of tectonic plates. Subduction is the process that takes place at convergent boundaries by which one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate and sinks into the mantle as the plates converge. This leads to the sinking of one plate into the mantle which creates a broad range of geochemical transformations or cycling. Volcanism is the process that takes place at divergent boundaries by which one tectonic plate separates from another creating a rift in which molten rock (magma)", "\"Western Asia\"\nthe Mediterranean Sea. To the north, the region is delimited from Europe by the Caucasus Mountains, to the southwest, it is delimited from Africa by the Isthmus of Suez, while to the east, the region adjoins Central Asia and South Asia. The Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut deserts in eastern Iran naturally delimit the region somewhat from Asia itself. Three major tectonic plates converge on Western Asia, including the African, Eurasian, and Arabian plates. The boundaries between the tectonic plates make up the Azores-Gibraltar Ridge, extending across North Africa, the Red Sea, and into Iran. The Arabian Plate is moving", "\"Divergent boundary\"\nbanding furnishes a map in time and space of both spreading rate and polar reversals. Divergent boundary In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts which eventually become rift valleys. Most active divergent plate boundaries occur between oceanic plates and exist as mid-oceanic ridges. Divergent boundaries also form volcanic islands which occur when the plates move apart to produce gaps which molten lava rises", "\"Divergent boundary\"\nDivergent boundary In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts which eventually become rift valleys. Most active divergent plate boundaries occur between oceanic plates and exist as mid-oceanic ridges. Divergent boundaries also form volcanic islands which occur when the plates move apart to produce gaps which molten lava rises to fill. Current research indicates that complex convection within the Earth's mantle allows material to", "\"April 2015 Nepal earthquake\"\nagain. Tucker recounted a conversation he had had with a government official in the 1990s who said, \"\"We don't have to worry about earthquakes anymore, because we already had an earthquake\"\"; the previous earthquake to which he referred occurred in 1934. Nepal lies towards the southern limit of the diffuse collisional boundary where the Indian Plate underthrusts the Eurasian Plate, occupying the central sector of the Himalayan arc, nearly one-third of the long Himalayas. Geologically, the Nepal Himalayas are sub-divided into five tectonic zones from north to south and, east to west and almost parallel to sub-parallel. These five distinct", "\"Suture (geology)\"\nSuture (geology) In structural geology, a suture is a joining together along a major fault zone, of separate terranes, tectonic units that have different plate tectonic, metamorphic and paleogeographic histories. The suture is often represented on the surface by an orogen or mountain range. In plate tectonics, sutures are seen as the remains of subduction zones, and the terranes that are joined together are interpreted as fragments of different paleocontinents or tectonic plates. Outcrops of sutures can vary in width from a few hundred meters to a couple of kilometers. They can be networks of mylonitic shear zones or brittle", "\"Geology of the Himalaya\"\nthe Indian and Eurasian continental plates challenges one hypothesis for plate motion which relies on subduction. One of the most striking aspects of the Himalayan orogen is the lateral continuity of its major tectonic elements. The Himalaya is classically divided into four tectonic units that can be followed for more than 2400 km along the belt (Fig. 5 and Fig. 7). Localized geology and geomorphology topics for various parts of the Himalaya are discussed on other pages: Geology of the Himalaya The geology of the Himalaya is a record of the most dramatic and visible creations of modern plate tectonic", "Geology\nthe rigid upper thermal boundary layer of the convecting mantle. This coupling between rigid plates moving on the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle is called plate tectonics. The development of plate tectonics has provided a physical basis for many observations of the solid Earth. Long linear regions of geologic features are explained as plate boundaries. For example: Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas Fault system, resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes. Plate tectonics also has provided a mechanism for Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift, in which the continents move across the surface of the Earth over", "Mountain\nsteeper, a mountain. Major mountains tend to occur in long linear arcs, indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity. Volcanoes are formed when a plate is pushed below another plate, or at a mid-ocean ridge or hotspot. At a depth of around 100 km, melting occurs in rock above the slab (due to the addition of water), and forms magma that reaches the surface. When the magma reaches the surface, it often builds a volcanic mountain, such as a shield volcano or a stratovolcano. Examples of volcanoes include Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. The magma does", "\"Anatolian Plate\"\nAnatolian Plate The Anatolian Plate or the Turkish Plate is a continental tectonic plate comprising most of the Anatolia (Asia Minor) peninsula (and the country of Turkey). To the east, the East Anatolian Fault, a left lateral transform fault, forms a boundary with the Arabian Plate. To the south and southwest is a convergent boundary with the African Plate. This convergence manifests in compressive features within the oceanic crust beneath the Mediterranean as well as within the continental crust of Anatolia itself, and also by what are generally considered to be subduction zones along the Hellenic and Cyprus arcs. The", "\"Convergent boundary\"\nConvergent boundary Convergent boundaries are areas on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other causing a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Benioff Zone. These collisions happen on scales of millions to tens of millions of years and can lead to volcanism, earthquakes, orogenesis, destruction of lithosphere, and deformation. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere. The geologic features related to convergent boundaries vary depending on crust types. Plate tectonics is driven by convection cells", "Tectonics\nof metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles is essential to geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth surface features. Extensional tectonics is associated with the stretching and thinning of the crust or the lithosphere. This type of tectonics is found at divergent plate boundaries, in continental rifts, during and after a period of continental collision caused by the lateral spreading of the thickened crust formed, at releasing bends in strike-slip faults, in back-arc basins, and on the continental end of passive margin sequences where a detachment layer is present. Thrust tectonics is associated with the shortening", "\"Geology of Nepal\"\nby distinctive stratigraphy and physiography. From south to north, it can be divided into five latitudinal morpho-tectonic zones and these are : 1.The Gangatic Plain (Terai) 2. The Sub Himalayan (Chure or Siwalik) 3 Lesser Himalayan (Mahabharat Mountain Range), 4.Greater Himalayan, and 5.Tibetan Himalayan zones (Tethys Himalaya). The gangetic plain is also called the Terai which is a rich, fertile and ancient land in the southern parts of Nepal. It represents Holocene/Recent sedimentation belt where fluvial sedimentation is still in progress. This plain is less than 200 m above sea level and has thick (about 1500 m) alluvial deposit. The", "\"Triple junction\"\nand bc are colinear. A TTT(a) junction can be found in central Japan where the Eurasian plate overrides the Philippine and Pacific plates, with the Philippine plate also overriding the Pacific. Here the Japan Trench effectively branches to form the Ryukyu and Bonia arcs. The stability criteria for this type of junction are either ab and ac form a straight line or that the line bc is parallel to CA. Triple junction A triple junction is the point where the boundaries of three tectonic plates meet. At the triple junction each of the three boundaries will be one of 3", "\"Kenneth C. Macdonald\"\nintersection of an oceanic ridge and transform fault is sharp, only a few km in area, and documenting that these two types of plate boundaries are narrow. Their work demonstrated that the inside corner region is an area of diffuse deformation caused by extreme tectonic extension. He was Chief Scientist on the expedition which discovered “Overlapping Spreading Centers” (OSCs). In this geometry two active spreading centers overlap, apparently pushing against each other, which would violate one of the rules of plate tectonics: plates are rigid. This paradox is solved by the fact that the OSCs are non-steady-state, and propagate along", "\"Environment of the United States\"\nregion. Each region contains different states and has their own climate and temperatures throughout the year. The lower 48 states can be divided into roughly five physiographic provinces: the American cordillera, the Canadian Shield, the stable platform, the coastal plain, and the Appalachian orogenic belt. The richly textured landscape of the United States is a product of the dueling forces of plate tectonics, weathering, and erosion. Tectonic upheavals and colliding plates have raised great mountain ranges while the forces of erosion and weathering worked to tear them down. The plate tectonic history of a region strongly influences the rock type", "\"Ocean-bottom seismometer\"\nthe Pacific Northwest. The Hawaiian PLUME (Plume-Lithosphere Undersea Melt Experiment) was an onshore/offshore (predominantly offshore) deployment to better understand what type of mantle plume is beneath Hawaii and to better understand the mantle upwelling in this region and its relationship to the lithosphere. The Asthenospheric and Lithospheric Broadband Architecture from the California Offshore Region Experiment (ALBACORE) deployment from 2010 to 2011 of 34 OBS to help better understand the tectonic interaction at the Pacific-North America plate boundary and deformation styles of the Pacific plate and the nearby microplates. Ocean-bottom seismometer An ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) is a seismometer that is designed", "\"Triple junction\"\nTriple junction A triple junction is the point where the boundaries of three tectonic plates meet. At the triple junction each of the three boundaries will be one of 3 types - a ridge (R), trench (T) or transform fault (F) - and triple junctions can be described according to the types of plate margin that meet at them (e.g. Transform-Transform-Trench, Ridge-Ridge-Ridge, or abbreviated F-F-T, R-R-R). Of the many possible types of triple junction only a few are stable through time ('stable' in this context means that the geometrical configuration of the triple junction will not change through geologic time).", "\"Thrust tectonics\"\na good basal decollement exists such as salt or a zone of high pore fluid pressure. Thick-skinned deformation refers to shortening that involves basement rocks rather than just the overlying cover. This type of geometry is typically found in the hinterland of a collisional zone. This style may also occur in the foreland where no effective decollement surface is present or where pre-existing extensional rift structures may be inverted. The most significant areas of thrust tectonics are associated with destructive plate boundaries leading to the formation of orogenic belts. The two main types are: the collision of two continental tectonic", "\"Plate tectonics\"\nmid-ocean ridge where it was formed. For a typical distance that oceanic lithosphere must travel before being subducted, the thickness varies from about thick at mid-ocean ridges to greater than at subduction zones; for shorter or longer distances, the subduction zone (and therefore also the mean) thickness becomes smaller or larger, respectively. Continental lithosphere is typically about 200 km thick, though this varies considerably between basins, mountain ranges, and stable cratonic interiors of continents. The location where two plates meet is called a \"\"plate boundary\"\". Plate boundaries are commonly associated with geological events such as earthquakes and the creation of", "Pangaea\nin the placement, climate, environments, habitats, and overall structure of Pangaea. What can also be observed in relation to tectonic plates and Pangaea, is the formations to such plates. Mountains and valleys form due to tectonic collisions as well as earthquakes and chasms. Consequentially, this shaped Pangaea and animal adaptations. Furthermore, plate tectonics can contribute to volcanic activity, which is responsible for extinctions and adaptations that have evidently affected life over time, and without doubt on Pangaea. For the approximately 160 million years Pangaea existed, many species did well, whereas others struggled. The Traversodonts were an example of such successful", "\"Himalayan foreland basin\"\ndrifting Indian plate covered a great distance during the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean when India finally collided with the Eurasian plate. Both continental plates are relatively low density and cannot be subducted, resulting in the Eurasian plate (Tibetan Plateau) being thrusted up and the subsequent development of the Himalayan mountain range to the south. The foreland basin is adjacent to the Himalayan mountain belt and is bordered by the Indian Craton on the South, the Tibetan Plateau on the north and is located south of the Indus-Yarlung suture zone. The foreland basin much like the Himalayan mountain range, span", "\"Maracaibo Basin\"\nJurassic period with multiple evolution stages. Despite its complexity, these major tectonic stages are well preserved within its stratigraphy. This makes The Maracaibo basin one of the most valuable basins for reconstructing South America's early tectonic history. The Maracaibo basin is surrounded by two mountain ranges, the Méridas Andes to the southeast and the Sierra de Perija to the west, with the Gulf of Venezuela to the north. The basin lies within a region of deformation created by the interactions of the Caribbean and South American plate boundaries. These interactions include the collision of the Caribbean plate with the South", "\"Shield (geology)\"\nShield (geology) A shield is generally a large area of exposed Precambrian crystalline igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks that form tectonically stable areas. In all cases, the age of these rocks is greater than 570 million years and sometimes dates back 2 to 3.5 billion years. They have been little affected by tectonic events following the end of the Precambrian, and are relatively flat regions where mountain building, faulting, and other tectonic processes are greatly diminished compared with the activity that occurs at the margins of the shields and the boundaries between tectonic plates. The term \"\"shield\"\", used to describe", "\"Shield (geology)\"\nconditions may be a requirement. Shield (geology) A shield is generally a large area of exposed Precambrian crystalline igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks that form tectonically stable areas. In all cases, the age of these rocks is greater than 570 million years and sometimes dates back 2 to 3.5 billion years. They have been little affected by tectonic events following the end of the Precambrian, and are relatively flat regions where mountain building, faulting, and other tectonic processes are greatly diminished compared with the activity that occurs at the margins of the shields and the boundaries between tectonic plates. The", "\"Ocean island basalt\"\nhigh alkali content. The theory of plate tectonics provides excellent explanations for both the existence of volcanic eruptions at plate boundaries—such as ocean ridges and subduction zones—and why geological processes produce basalts of different geochemical properties at these plate boundaries. The existence of basaltic eruptions in the interior of tectonic plates, however, is not directly related to plate tectonism and models involving magma upwelling from deep mantle sources (such as mantle plumes and hotspots) have been developed to explain this intra-plate volcanism. These models explain why OIBs contain more geochemically enriched basalt than mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) that originate from", "\"Chitarwata Formation\"\nenvironments, and the rise of the Himalayas. Chitarwata Formation The Chitarwata Formation is a geological formation in western Pakistan, made up of Oligocene and early Miocene terrestrial facies. It is dominated by coastal paleoenvironments (estuarine, strandplain and tidal flat). Paleomagnetic data indicates an age range of around 22 to 17 or 18 million years, with its base in the Oligocene, and its upper boundary, where it meets the overlying Vihowa Formation, of earliest Miocene. Together with the Vihowa Formation, the Chitarwata Formation records the sedimentation of the Himalayan foreland basin during the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates,", "\"Greenhouse and icehouse Earth\"\nmillion years ago. The closing of the Isthmus of Panama and the Indonesian seaway approximately 3 or 4 million years ago may have been a major cause for our current icehouse state. For the icehouse climate, tectonic activity also creates mountains, which are produced by one continental plate colliding with another one and continuing forward. The revealed fresh soils act as scrubbers of carbon dioxide, which can significantly affect the amount of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. An example of this is the collision between the Indian subcontinent and the Asian continent, which created the Himalayan Mountains about 50", "\"Caroline Plate\"\nCaroline Plate The Caroline Plate is a minor tectonic plate that straddles the Equator in the eastern hemisphere located north of New Guinea. It forms a subduction zone along the border with the Bird's Head Plate and the Woodlark Plate to the south. A transform boundary forms the northern border with the Pacific Plate. Along the border with the Philippine Sea Plate is a convergent boundary that transitions into a rift. The Caroline Plate was first proposed as a distinct plate by . A separate terrane with its own tectonic history, the Caroline Plate has been considered part of the", "\"Sunda Plate\"\nbounded in the east by the Philippine Mobile Belt, Molucca Sea Collision Zone, Molucca Sea Plate, Banda Sea Plate and Timor Plate; to the south and west by the Australian Plate; and to the north by the Burma Plate, Eurasian Plate; and Yangtze Plate. The Indo-Australian Plate dips beneath the Sunda Plate along the Sunda Trench, which generates frequent earthquakes. The eastern, southern, and western boundaries of the Sunda Plate are tectonically complex and seismically active. Only the northern boundary is relatively quiescent. Sunda Plate The Sunda Plate is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the eastern hemisphere", "\"South American Plate\"\nPlate, along the continent's Pacific coast, at a rate of per year. The collision of these two plates is responsible for lifting the massive Andes Mountains and for creating the numerous volcanoes which are strewn throughout them. South American Plate The South American Plate is a major tectonic plate which includes the continent of South America as well as a sizable region of the Atlantic Ocean seabed extending eastward to the African Plate, with which it forms the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The easterly edge is a divergent boundary with the African Plate; the southerly edge is a", "\"1762 Arakan earthquake\"\nRiver to from east of Dhaka (Old Brahmaputra River) to 150 km to the west via the Jamuna River. The eastern part of Bangladesh and the southwestern part of Burma lie along the highly oblique convergent boundary between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The degree to which this deformation is partitioned into zones of thrust tectonics (accommodating that part of the motion perpendicular to the boundary) and strike-slip tectonics (accommodating the northward movement of the Indian Plate) varies along the boundary. A pure strike-slip boundary that strike parallel to the plate vector runs along the Western Burma Scarp,", "\"Capricorn Plate\"\nthe Indian Plate and the Australian Plate to form the Indo-Australian Plate, but recent studies suggest that the Capricorn Plate began separating from the Indian and Australian Plates between and along a wide, diffuse boundary. Capricorn Plate The Capricorn Plate is a proposed minor tectonic plate lying beneath the Indian Ocean basin in the southern and eastern hemispheres. The original theory of plate tectonics as accepted by the scientific community in the 1960s assumed fully rigid plates and relatively narrow, distinct plate boundaries. However, research in the late 20th and early 21st centuries suggests that certain plate junctions are diffuse", "\"Banda Sea Plate\"\nBanda Sea Plate The Banda Sea Plate is a minor tectonic plate underlying the Banda Sea in southeast Asia. This plate also carries a portion of Sulawesi Island, the entire Seram Island, and the Banda Islands. Clockwise from the east it is bounded by the Bird's Head Plate of western New Guinea, Australian Plate, Timor Plate, Sunda Plate, and the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. The western border is a convergent boundary largely responsible for the mountains in western Sulawesi, subduction zones also exist on the eastern border near Seram and the southern border with the Timor Plate. A small rift", "\"Mid-ocean ridge\"\nridges and that every year of new seafloor is formed by this process. With a crustal thickness of , this amounts to about of new ocean crust formed every year. Mid-ocean ridge A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine. This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an 'oceanic spreading center', which is responsible for seafloor spreading. The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to", "\"Himalayan Geothermal Belt\"\nyet further west and should be called the Mediterranean-Himalayan Geothermal Belt. Heat transfer in the HGB mainly occurs in \"\"heat bands\"\", wide, within which there are at least 600 associated geothermal systems. These may be interpreted as segments of slip lines caused by deformation of the ductile crust in the Asian tectonic plate. In the eastern Himalayas the heat bands transfer two to three times as much heat as in the western Himalayas. This may be due to the Indian plate rotating in a counter-clockwise direction as it penetrates the Asian plate. The thermal waters in Tibet were thought to", "Gangtok\nthe risk of landslides. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the town falls under seismic zone-IV (on a scale of I to V, in order of increasing seismic activity), near the convergent boundary of the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates and is subject to frequent earthquakes. The hills are nestled within higher peaks and the snow-clad Himalayan ranges tower over the town from the distance. Mount Kanchenjunga (8,598 m or 28,208 ft)—the world's third-highest peak—is visible to the west of the city. The existence of steep slopes, vulnerability to landslides, large forest cover and inadequate access to most", "\"Chitarwata Formation\"\nChitarwata Formation The Chitarwata Formation is a geological formation in western Pakistan, made up of Oligocene and early Miocene terrestrial facies. It is dominated by coastal paleoenvironments (estuarine, strandplain and tidal flat). Paleomagnetic data indicates an age range of around 22 to 17 or 18 million years, with its base in the Oligocene, and its upper boundary, where it meets the overlying Vihowa Formation, of earliest Miocene. Together with the Vihowa Formation, the Chitarwata Formation records the sedimentation of the Himalayan foreland basin during the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates, the transition from marginal marine to fluvial", "\"Atlas Mountains\"\nforming the surface of the present High Atlas were deposited under the ocean at that time. Finally, in the Paleogene and Neogene Periods (~66 million to ~1.8 million years ago), the mountain chains that today constitute the Atlas were uplifted, as the land masses of Europe and Africa collided at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. Such convergent tectonic boundaries occur where two plates slide towards each other forming a subduction zone (if one plate moves underneath the other), and/or a continental collision (when the two plates contain continental crust). In the case of the Africa-Europe collision, it is", "\"Volcanic belt\"\nof the world's largest greenstone belts. Volcanic belts are similar to a mountain range, but the mountains within the mountain range are volcanoes, not mountains that are formed by faulting and folding by the collision of tectonic plates. Volcanic belts may be formed by multiple tectonic settings. They may be formed by subduction zones, which is an area on Earth where two tectonic plates meet and move towards one another, with one sliding underneath the other and moving down into the mantle, at rates typically measured in centimeters per year. An oceanic plate ordinarily slides underneath a continental plate; this", "\"Volcanology of Mars\"\nNepenthes/Amenthes region. Finally, when a volcano erupts under an ice sheet, it can form a distinct, mesa-like landform called a tuya or table mountain. Some researchers cite geomorphic evidence that many of the layered interior deposits in Valles Marineris may be the Martian equivalent of tuyas. Tectonic boundaries have been discovered on Mars. Valles Marineris is a horizontally sliding tectonic boundary that divides two major partial or complete plates of Mars. The recent finding suggests that Mars is geologically active with occurrences in the millions of years, and there is additional speculation. There has been previous evidence of Mars' geologic", "\"Kenneth C. Macdonald\"\nKenneth C. Macdonald Kenneth Craig Macdonald is an American oceanographer and marine geophysicist born in San Francisco, CA in 1947. As of 2018 he is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Earth Science and the Marine Sciences Institute at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). His work focuses on the tectonics and geophysics of the global mid-oceanic ridge including its spreading centers and transform faults, two of the three types of plate boundaries central to the theory of plate tectonics. His work has taken him to the north and south Atlantic oceans, the north and south Pacific oceans, the", "\"Geology of Nepal\"\nGeology of Nepal The geology of Nepal is dominated by the Himalaya, the highest, youngest and a very highly active mountain range. Himalaya is a type locality for the study of on-going continent-continent collision tectonics. The Himalayan arc extends about 2400 km from Nanga Parbat (8,138 m) by the Indus River in northern Pakistan eastward to Namche Barwa (7,756 m) by the gorge of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra in eastern Tibet . About 800 km of this extent is in Nepal; the remainder includes Bhutan and parts of Pakistan, India, and China. Since 55 Ma the Himalayan orogeny beginning with the collision", "\"Yalour Islands\"\ngrey to black gabbro composed of small crystals of grey-white feldspar and black pyroxene. The rocks here were formed by much the same process that the rest of the peninsula was formed; the Pacific plate sliding under the Antarctic Peninsula in an ocean/continent subduction-type tectonic event. This process, called orogenesis, is one of the most common ways for a mountain chain to form. The Andres and the coast ranges of North America are other classic examples of this type of tectonism. The mountain building has nearly stopped though; it is only at the very tip of the peninsula and in", "\"Indenter tectonics\"\nIndenter tectonics Indenter tectonics, also known as escape tectonics, is a branch of strike-slip tectonics that involves the collision and deformation of two continental plates. It can be observed in many situations around the world, and is associated with high-grade metamorphism and extensive lateral displacement of strata along oblique strike-slip faults The concept of indenter tectonics was first introduced by Tapponnier in 1975, with reference to the Himalayan orogeny. Various experiments have illustrated the process by which deformation occurs. A continent-continent collision can be visualized as a 'die-and-metal' model, with a rigid die (the 'indenter') moving into a softer, rigid-plastic", "\"Tectonic uplift\"\nare other forces at play that are responsible for the tectonic activity. All tectonic processes are driven by gravitational force when density differences are present. A good example of this would be the large-scale circulation of the Earth's mantle. Lateral density variations near the surface (such as the creation, cooling, and subduction of oceanic plates) also drive plate motion. The dynamics of mountain ranges are governed by differences in the gravitational potential energy of entire \"\"columns\"\" of the lithosphere (see isostasy). If a change in surface height represents an isostatically compensated change in crustal thickness, the rate of change of" ]

[ false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot" ]

[ "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot became Olympic champions after finishing fourth in the short program and setting a record with their score in the free program. Sui Wenjing and Han Cong, leading after the short program, made a couple of mistakes in the free program and won silver. Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford", "\"Dalilah Sappenfield\"\nDalilah Sappenfield Dalilah Sappenfield is an American World and Olympic figure skating coach and choreographer who specializes in pair skating. She has worked as a coach since 1993 and is the 2008 USFSA/PSA Coach of the Year, an award she won after her pair teams won the gold medals at the novice, junior, and senior levels at the 2008 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. Her pair Alexa Scimeca Knierim & Chris Knierim qualified to the 2018 Winter Olympics. She is the adoptive mother of Laureano Ibarra, and he and his first partner were her first pair team. Sappenfield coaches in Colorado", "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nthe minimum total elements score, which does not include component scores. For the short program this was 20.00 and the free skate 36.00. The short program was held on 14 February. The free skating was held on 15 February. The skaters are ranked according to their overall score. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot", "\"Paige Conners\"\n2018 Winter Olympics. Due to their result, Israel received a spot in the Olympic pairs event. In October, the two won the bronze medal at the 2017 CS Minsk-Arena Ice Star. In November 2017, Conners/Krasnopolski were named in Israel's Olympic team. In January 2018, they finished 9th at the 2018 European Championships in Moscow, Russia. She competed for Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Figure Skating in pairs skating (coming in 19th) and a team event in Pyeongchang, South Korea. \"\"CS: Challenger Series\"\" Paige Conners Paige Conners (born 9 April 2000) is an American-Israeli pair skater. With her skating", "\"Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Team trophy\"\nFor complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best score was set during this competition: Evgeni Plushenko (RUS) tied the record of four Olympic figure skating medals. (Gillis Grafström won four in the early years of the sport, in 1920–1932). Yulia Lipnitskaya (RUS) became the second-youngest Olympic gold medalist in figure skating, behind Maxi Herber who won pair skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics. Under modern age eligibility rules, Herber would have been 99 days too young to skate at the Olympics. Member nations submitted the following entries: Figure skating", "\"Chris Knierim\"\n2018 Winter Olympics, the Knierims won an Olympic bronze medal in the figure skating team event as a key part of the U.S. team. They placed a strong 4th in the short program with a season's best score, and placed 4th in the free skate. Their total score was the highest of their season. In the pair event, they were 14th in the short program and finished 15th overall in what was the strongest Olympic pair competition to date. In the free skate, the Knierims became the first U.S. pair, and the second pair ever in history, to successfully perform", "\"Bruno Massot\"\npair to compete for Germany at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Savchenko and Massot withdrew from the European Figure Skating Championships on 12 January, in order to focus their preparations for the Olympics. After competing in the first part of the team event, Savchenko and Massot competed in the individual pairs event. They placed fourth in the short program after Massot doubled a jump. On February 15, 2018, Savchenko and Massot won the gold medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics, with a new world record score of 159.31 in the free skate. Savchenko and Massot ended the season at the 2018", "\"Christina Riegel\"\nChristina Riegel Christina \"\"Tina\"\" Riegel (born 25 August 1965 in Stuttgart, Germany) is a former German figure skater who competed in pair skating and ladies singles at the 1980 Winter Olympics. With partner Andreas Nischwitz, Riegel won the gold medal at the German Figure Skating Championships three straight years, beginning in 1979. They finished eighth at the 1980 Olympics, when Riegel was just 14 years old, and the following year, the pair won the silver medal at the European Figure Skating Championships and the bronze at the World Figure Skating Championships. Riegel also won the bronze medal at the German", "\"LGBT athletes in the Olympic and Paralympic Games\"\ncompeted who were openly gay; Canadian figure skater Eric Radford became the first out gay male athlete ever to win a Winter Olympic gold medal, while figure skater Adam Rippon became the first American out gay male athlete ever to win a Winter Olympic medal, both in Team Figure Skating. Radford later also won Bronze in Pairs Figure Skating. At least one openly LGBT athlete competed in the 2018 Winter Paralympics in PyeongChang. Pride Houses are a dedicated temporary location designed to play host to LGBT athletes, volunteers and visitors attending the Olympics, Paralympics or other international sporting event in", "\"Ethel Muckelt\"\nas she was 38 in 1924, and she continued competing into her fifties. Ladies singles Pairs Ethel Muckelt Ethel Muckelt (30 May 1885 – 13 December 1953) was a British figure skater who competed in singles and pairs. As a single skater, she won the bronze medal at the 1924 Winter Olympics, became one of the oldest figure skating Olympic medalists. As a pair skater, she placed fifth at the 1920 Summer Olympics with Sydney Wallwork. With John Page, she won the silver medal at the 1924 World Figure Skating Championships and placed fourth at that year's Olympics. Muckelt came", "\"Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Pairs\"\nFigure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Pairs Pair skating was contested during the figure skating events at the 2006 Winter Olympics. This event is performed by partners consisting of a female and male skater. The competition consists of two segments. A short program is skated first, with eight required elements performed within 2 minutes and 50 seconds. All pairs progress to the free skating, where each pair skates for 4 minutes and 30 seconds. There were 20 pairs who competed at the 2006 Games. The pairs' short program was the first figure skating event of the Olympics, and", "\"Adel Tankova\"\nAdel Tankova Adel Tankova (born 22 May 2000) is an Israeli Olympic figure skater. She competed for Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics with Ronald Zilberberg in Figure Skating in ice dancing and a team event in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Tankova was born in Dnipro (formerly known as Dnipropetrovsk), Ukraine, and is Jewish. Her hometown is Hackensack, New Jersey. Tankova began skating in 2004. Her former partner in pairs was Evgeni Krasnopolski. Her current partner is Ronald Zilberberg, with whom she began competing in 2016. Her coach and choreographer is Galit Chait Moracci. In 2017/2018, the pair won the Israeli", "\"Theresa Weld\"\nTheresa Weld Theresa Weld Blanchard (August 21, 1893 in Brookline, Massachusetts – March 12, 1978 in Brookline, Massachusetts) was an American figure skater who competed in the disciplines of single skating and pair skating. Her pairs partner was Nathaniel Niles. As a singles skater, she won the gold medal at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships six times and competed three times in the Olympics, capturing a bronze medal in 1920. With Niles, she won the national pairs title nine times and also participated in the Olympics three times. Blanchard was also the long-time volunteer editor of the United States Figure", "\"Japanese Americans\"\nchampionship. Brothers Kawika and Erik Shoji won bronze medals in volleyball in 2016. In figure skating, Kristi Yamaguchi, a fourth-generation Japanese American, won three national championship titles (one in singles, two in pairs), two world titles, and the 1992 Olympic gold medal in singles figure skating. Rena Inoue, a Japanese immigrant to America who later became a US citizen, competed at the 2006 Olympics in pair skating for the United States. Kyoko Ina, who was born in Japan, but raised in the United States, competed for the United States in singles and pairs, and was a multiple national champion and", "\"Maxi Herber\"\nexhibition of her watercolor paintings there. She died at age 86 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen; Herber had been Germany's oldest living female Olympic champion. Maxi Herber Maxi Herber (8 October 1920 – 20 October 2006) was a German figure skater who competed in pair skating and single skating. She is the youngest figure skating Olympic champion (at the age of 15 years and 128 days) when she won gold in pair skating together with Ernst Baier at the 1936 Winter Olympics. The duo revolutionized pair skating, becoming the first team to perform jumps side by side. Born in Munich, Herber was also", "\"Aljona Savchenko\"\nfirst in the free, the pair won gold at the 2017 Skate America. Their results qualified them to the Grand Prix Final in December, which they won with a world record score. In November 2017, Massot received German citizenship, allowing the pair to compete for Germany at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Savchenko and Massot withdrew from the European Figure Skating Championships on 12 January, in order to focus on preparations for the Olympics. After competing in the first part of the team event, Savchenko and Massot competed in the individual pairs event. They placed fourth in the short program after", "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification\"\nskaters who have achieved a minimum technical elements score (TES) at an ISU-recognized international competition on or before 29 January 2018. The number of entries for the figure skating events at the Olympic Games is limited by a quota set by the International Olympic Committee. A total of 148 quota spots are available to athletes to compete at the games. There will be 30 skaters in the disciplines of men's and ladies singles, 20 pair skating teams, and 24 ice dancing teams. Additionally, ten nations qualified for the team event. Countries were able to qualify entries to the 2018 Winter", "\"Ethel Muckelt\"\nEthel Muckelt Ethel Muckelt (30 May 1885 – 13 December 1953) was a British figure skater who competed in singles and pairs. As a single skater, she won the bronze medal at the 1924 Winter Olympics, became one of the oldest figure skating Olympic medalists. As a pair skater, she placed fifth at the 1920 Summer Olympics with Sydney Wallwork. With John Page, she won the silver medal at the 1924 World Figure Skating Championships and placed fourth at that year's Olympics. Muckelt came from a family of prosperous dye manufacturers. She was one of the oldest Winter Olympics medallists,", "\"Figure skating at the Olympic Games\"\ncertain placement at the European Figure Skating Championships and the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships. \"\"Updated after the 2018 Winter Olympics.\"\" The number in each box represents the number of figure skaters the nation sent. General Specific Figure skating at the Olympic Games Figure skating was first contested in the Olympic Games at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, the sport has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games. Men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating have been held most often. Ice dance joined as a medal sport in 1976 and a team event debuted at the 2014 Olympics.", "\"Matteo Guarise\"\nMatteo Guarise Matteo Guarise (born 15 September 1988) is an Italian pairs figure skater and roller skater. Guarise is the 2008 World champion in pairs roller skating with Sara Venerucci. With his figure skating partner Nicole Della Monica, he is a four-time Italian national champion (2016-2019). The pair have represented Italy at the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics. Guarise was originally a roller skater and won the 2008 World title with Sara Venerucci. He ended his roller career in 2009 and moved to Milan. In January 2010, Guarise began training in figure skating. In June 2010, it was reported that", "\"Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nFigure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pair skating competition of the 2010 Winter Olympics was held at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The short program was held on February 14, 2010 and the free skating was held on February 15, 2010. Prior to the competition, the existing ISU best scores were: The following ISU best scores were set during the competition: The pairs short program was held on February 14. The pairs free skate was held on February 15. Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo (CHN) won the gold medal. This was the", "\"Maxi Herber\"\nMaxi Herber Maxi Herber (8 October 1920 – 20 October 2006) was a German figure skater who competed in pair skating and single skating. She is the youngest figure skating Olympic champion (at the age of 15 years and 128 days) when she won gold in pair skating together with Ernst Baier at the 1936 Winter Olympics. The duo revolutionized pair skating, becoming the first team to perform jumps side by side. Born in Munich, Herber was also an accomplished single skater, winning the German nationals three times, from 1933 to 1935. She skated for the Münchner EV (Munich EV)", "\"2002 Winter Olympics figure skating scandal\"\n2002 Winter Olympics figure skating scandal At the 2002 Winter Olympics held in Salt Lake City, allegations arose that the pairs' figure skating competition had been fixed. The controversy led to two pairs teams receiving gold medals: the original winners Elena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze of Russia and original silver-medalists Jamie Salé and David Pelletier of Canada. The scandal was one of the causes for the revamp of scoring in figure skating to the new ISU Judging System. In the figure skating pairs competition, Elena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze of Russia won the short program over Jamie Salé and David", "\"Christopher Dean\"\nambassadors for the 2012 European Figure Skating Championships in Sheffield, England. In February 2014, they visited Sarajevo for the 30th anniversary of the 1984 Olympics, and recreated their Bolero routine in the same arena where they won the gold. In 2018, Dean choreographed the free program of Aljona Savchenko and Bruno Massot, who won the gold medal in Pair skating with a world record at the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. 28 April 1983 Dean was appointed Honorary Freeman of the City of Nottingham. Dean was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1999. Between 1991 and", "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event\"\nwas held on 11 February 2018. The women's short program was held on 11 February 2018. The pairs free program was held on 11 February 2018. The men's free program was held on 12 February 2018. The women's free program was held on 12 February 2018. The ice dancing free program was held on 12 February 2018. After all events. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event The team event was a figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics that was held from 9 to 12 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South", "\"Alexa Scimeca Knierim\"\nfor the first time since 2016. They are one of the only pairs in the world capable of doing a quad twist. Following the event, the Knierims were named to the 2018 U.S. Olympic Team that competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. They were the sole U.S. pair team at this Olympic Games. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, the Knierims won an Olympic bronze medal in the figure skating team event as a key part of the U.S. team. They placed a strong 4th in the short program with a season's best score, and placed 4th", "\"Eric Radford\"\nto land a side-by-side triple Lutz jump at any Winter Olympic competition. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, 33-year-old Radford won a gold medal as part of the figure skating team event, becoming one of the oldest Olympic champions in figure skating. Three days later, during the individual pairs free skate, Duhamel and Radford became the first team to complete a quadruple throw jump at any Winter Olympic competition when she landed their throw quadruple Salchow. Radford was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and raised in Balmertown, Ontario. His parents are Rick, a mine inspector, and Valerie, a retired schoolteacher. He moved", "\"Pair skating\"\nPair skating Pair skating is a figure skating discipline. The International Skating Union (ISU) defines pair skating as \"\"the skating of two persons in unison who perform their movements in such harmony with each other as to give the impression of genuine Pair Skating as compared with independent Single Skating\"\". The ISU also states that a pairs team must consist of \"\"one Lady and one Man\"\". Pair skating, along with men's and women's single skating, has been an Olympic discipline since figure skating, the oldest Winter Olympic sport, was introduced at the 1908 Olympic Games in London. The ISU World", "\"Dudley Richards\"\nDudley Richards Dudley \"\"Dud\"\" Shaw Richards (February 4, 1932 - February 15, 1961) was an American figure skater who competed in men's singles and pairs. In singles, he won the bronze medal at the 1953 United States Figure Skating Championships and finished sixth at that year's World Figure Skating Championships. In pairs, he once skated with future Olympic gold medalist Tenley Albright, before later teaming up with Maribel Owen. After winning the bronze medal at Nationals in 1958 and 1959, the pair captured the silver in 1960 and finished tenth at that year's Winter Olympic Games. In 1961, Owen and", "\"Sport in Russia\"\nin the post-communist era. Figure skating is another popular sport; in the 1960s the Soviet Union rose to become a dominant power in figure skating, especially in pairs skating and ice dancing. At every Winter Olympics from 1964 through 2006, a Soviet or Russian pair won gold, often considered the longest winning streak in modern sports history. The streak ended in 2010 when a Chinese pair won gold in 2010 Winter Olympics, a Russian pair returned to winning gold in pairs at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Even after the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia still produced multiple", "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nFigure Skating Championships and four were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy. Each country decided the entry of its teams, and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete. The South Korean were given an additional quota as host nation, after they failed to qualify through the World Championships or Nebelhorn Trophy. North Korea, who originally qualified at the Nebelhorn Trophy, did not register its athletes in time. However, after the country agreed to participate in the games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) allowed the pair to compete. All pairs competing must have met", "\"Canada at the Winter Olympics\"\nand on 1 February 2018 the results were restored. The IOC is challenging this decision. Alex Gough won Canada's first ever Olympic medal (Bronze) in Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Canada has won at least one medal in figure skating in 14 of the 17 post-war Winter Olympic games (since 1948). Canada's gold medalists are Barbara Ann Scott (1948) and the pairs of Barbara Wagner and Robert Paul (1960); Jamie Salé and David Pelletier (2002); and Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir (2010 and 2018). Canada also won gold in the team event at the 2018 Winter Olympics", "\"Jean-François Ballester\"\nJean-François Ballester Jean-François Ballester (1 September 1965 – 2 December 2018) was a French figure skating coach. He is best known for his work with Aliona Savchenko / Bruno Massot, who won gold at the 2018 Winter Olympics, 2018 World Championships and 2017–18 Grand Prix Final. Jean-François \"\"Jeff\"\" Ballester was born on 1 September 1965, in Rouen, France. He died on 2 December 2018 in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, following a heart attack at his home. His mother and sister have also worked as skating coaches. Ballester started learning to skate as a five-year-old and was competing in junior pairs when", "\"Figure skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nin order in the result section. Barbara Wagner / Robert Paul won gold for Canada having not been beaten since the 1956 Olympics. Referee: Assistant Referee: Judges: Figure skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs skating competition of the 1960 Winter Olympics was held at the Blyth Arena in Squaw Valley, California, United States. The event took place on Friday 19 February 1960. Each judge ranked each skater by Ordinal Placement from first to last place. If a skater was ranked first by a majority of the judges, that skater was placed first overall, this process", "\"Paul Falk\"\nFalk were never defeated in amateur competition. In 1951 Falk was voted the male athlete of the year in Germany. After winning the Olympics in 1952 they turned professional and worked for Holiday on Ice. Falk's profession outside athletics was as a precision mechanic. In 1993 pair were inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame. He died 8 and a half months before Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot won the gold medal for pairs skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Paul Falk Paul Falk (21 December 1921 – 20 May 2017) was a German pair skater. Born in", "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event\"\nOlympic Committee; accompanied by Halina Gordon-Poltorak, ISU Ice Dance Technical Committee Chair, Fabio Bianchetti, ISU Single and Pair Skating Technical Committee Chair, and Christopher Buchanan, ISU Synchronized Skating Technical Committee Chair. For a complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best score was set during this competition: This record was shortly broken in the 2018 Winter Olympics Ladies's Short Program by Alina Zagitova with a score of 82.92. Evgenia broke her own record with a score of 81.61, before Zagitova scored higher after skating after. A total of 10 teams", "\"Randy Gardner (figure skater)\"\nRandy Gardner (figure skater) Randy Gardner (born December 2, 1958) is an American former pair skater. Together with Tai Babilonia, he won the 1979 World Figure Skating Championships and five U.S. Figure Skating Championships (1976–1980). The pair qualified for the 1976 and 1980 Winter Olympics. Babilonia and Gardner began skating together when Babilonia was eight and Gardner ten. Their coach was John Nicks. The pair became five-time U.S. national champions and won the gold medal at the 1979 World Championships. They were medal favorites at the 1980 Winter Olympics but were forced to withdraw due to a thigh injury to", "\"Ernst Baier\"\nErnst Baier Ernst Baier (27 September 1905 in Zittau, Saxony, Germany – 8 July 2001 in Garmisch, Bavaria, Germany) was a German figure skater who competed in pair skating and single skating. He became Olympic pair champion in 1936 together with Maxi Herber. The duo also won several World and European championships. Ernst Baier skated for the club Berliner SC. He also enjoyed success as a single skater. He won silver at European, World and Olympic games in singles. Maxi Herber and Ernst Baier revolutionized pair skating by performing the first side by side jumps in competition. After the Second", "\"Han Cong\"\ninspired by 2010 Olympic Champions Shen Xue & Zhao Hongbo and started skating after watching them competing in the 2002 Winter Olympics. They made their international debut in the 2009–2010 ISU Junior Grand Prix, where they placed 1st at their events. In the ISU Junior Grand Prix Final they placed 1st. They won the 2010 Chinese Figure Skating Championships and earned a trip to the 2010 World Junior Figure Skating Championships, where they placed 1st. They became the second Chinese pair winning the World Junior Figure Skating Championships after Zhang Dan & Zhang Hao who won the title in 2001", "\"Speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres\"\nSpeed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metres The men's 5000 metres speed skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at Gangneung Oval in Gangneung on 11 February 2018. The event was won by two-time defending champion Sven Kramer in an Olympic record time of 6:09:76. In doing so, he became the first man to win three gold medals in a speed skating event in three consecutive editions of the Olympics. Ted-Jan Bloemen won the silver medal, and Sverre Lunde Pedersen won the bronze medal. Bloemen and Pedersen skated in the same pair, posted the", "\"Christina Riegel\"\nNationals in ladies singles in 1980 and 1981. She finished 18th at the 1980 Olympics and 19th at that year's World Championships. Christina Riegel Christina \"\"Tina\"\" Riegel (born 25 August 1965 in Stuttgart, Germany) is a former German figure skater who competed in pair skating and ladies singles at the 1980 Winter Olympics. With partner Andreas Nischwitz, Riegel won the gold medal at the German Figure Skating Championships three straight years, beginning in 1979. They finished eighth at the 1980 Olympics, when Riegel was just 14 years old, and the following year, the pair won the silver medal at the", "\"Kenneth Shelley\"\nKenneth Shelley Kenneth Gene Shelley (born October 4, 1951) is an American figure skater who competed in both singles and pairs. As a single skater, he won the 1972 United States Figure Skating Championships and placed 4th at the 1972 Winter Olympics. His highest placement at the World Figure Skating Championships was a single skater was 7th, in 1972. As a pair skater, he competed with JoJo Starbuck, with whom he is a three-time National Champion. Starbuck and Shelley competed in two Olympic Games, placing 13th in 1968 and 4th in 1972, and won two bronze medals at the World", "\"Speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's 5000 metres\"\nSpeed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's 5000 metres The women's 5000 metres speed skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at Gangneung Oval in Gangneung on 16 February 2018. The event was won by Esmee Visser, skating her first Olympic race. The defending champion Martina Sáblíková finished second. Natalya Voronina was third, also earning her first Olympic medal. Skating in the first pair, Annouk van der Weijden raced to a time of 6:54.17, shaving two seconds off her personal best and taking the lead. She retained it until the fourth pair, where Esmee Visser, in", "\"Pair skating\"\nfigures became more complicated and developed into a different appearance; as Burger put it, \"\"the fundamental character of the figure, however, has remained the same\"\". Hübler and Burger were the first Olympic gold medalists in pair skating in 1908; they also won the 1908 and 1910 World Championships. In 1936, Maxi Herber and Ernst Baier won the gold medal at the Olympics and went on to win the World Championships from 1936-1939. Soviet and Russian domination in pair skating began in the 1950s and continued throughout the 1900s. Only five non-Soviet or Russian teams won the World Championships after 1965,", "\"2017 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships\"\n2017 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships The 2017 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2016–17 figure skating season. It was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea on February 16–19. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The competition served as the figure skating test event for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. The competition was open to skaters from non-European member nations of the International Skating Union who reached the age of 15 before July 1, 2016. The corresponding competition", "\"Shen Xue\"\n2000, and a bronze in 2001. They were considered strong medal contenders in the 2002 Winter Olympics. They won the bronze with a strong performance, missing a throw quadruple salchow attempt. They became the first Chinese pair to win a medal at an Olympics for figure skating. At the 2002 World Figure Skating Championships held in Nagano, Japan, Shen and Zhao won their first World Championship, becoming the first Chinese pair skaters to win a gold medal in the history of figure skating. Later in March 2003, as the defending world champions, the team also won their second World Championship", "\"1960 Winter Olympics\"\n\"\"Snow White and the Three Stooges\"\". Dutch skater Sjoukje Dijkstra took the silver medal; she would finish her amateur career with an Olympic gold medal in 1964. Barbara Ann Roles gave the United States its third figure skating medal of the competition when she took the bronze. The Soviet Union made its Olympic figure skating debut by sending two couples to compete in the pairs competition; the result belied the fact that Soviet skaters would soon come to dominate this event. The competition was won by the Canadian pair of Barbara Wagner and Bob Paul who had won the last", "\"2018 South Korean Figure Skating Championships\"\nWinter Olympics. Cha Jun-hwan and You Young both won their second senior national titles. The 2018 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships will be held on 22-28 January 2018, in Taipei City, Chinese Taipei. Based on the results of the 2017 KSU President Cup Ranking Competition from December 1–3, 2017. The 2018 Winter Olympics will be held in Pyeongchang, South Korea, February 9-25, 2018. The 2018 World Junior Figure Skating Championships will be held in Sofia, Bulgaria, March 5-11, 2018. The 2018 World Figure Skating Championships will be held in Milan, Italy, March 19-25, 2018. 2018 South Korean Figure Skating Championships", "\"Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics\"\nFigure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics Four figure skating events at the 2006 Winter Olympics were held at the Palavela in Turin. Lithuanian ice dancers Margarita Drobiazko and Povilas Vanagas (who were married in 2000) became the first figure skaters to compete at five Olympics. The traditional Figure Skating Champions Gala took place on February 24 at Palavela, featuring exhibition performances by the top five placers in the four figure skating events and all the Italian skaters. Pairs skaters Zhang and Zhang (second in pairs) did not participate in the gala. The following is a partial list of skaters", "\"Sergei Grinkov\"\nnot a strong solo skater, his coach decided to try him in pair skating, and in August 1981, at age fourteen, he was paired with eleven-year-old Ekaterina Gordeeva at the Central Red Army Club (CSKA) in Moscow by coach Vladimir Zaharov. The pair won the 1985 World Junior Championship in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The following year they won the first of their four World Figure Skating Championships. They became repeat world champions the following year and won gold at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta. Grinkov became one of the youngest male figure skating Olympic champions. After a fall", "\"Sherwin Badger\"\nSherwin Badger Sherwin Campbell Badger (August 29, 1901 – April 8, 1972) was an American figure skater who competed in singles and pairs. He earned the men's titles at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships from 1920 through 1924. He also captured the pairs gold medal with partner Beatrix Loughran three times, and the pair won the silver medal at the 1932 Winter Olympics. Prior to pairing with Loughran, he competed first with Clara Frothingham and later with Edith Rotch. After his competitive career ended, he was a skating judge and the head of the U.S. Figure Skating Association. He was", "\"Marit Henie\"\nMarit Henie Marit Henie Moe (13 February 1925 – 4 November 2012) was a Norwegian figure skater who competed in single skating and pair skating. She was a cousin of world-renowned figure skater Sonja Henie. She competed for the club Oslo SK in the early 1930s, but later for Oslo IL during the heyday of her career. Her skating partner was Erling Bjerkhoel She competed at the 1947 World Figure Skating Championships, where she placed 11th in pairs, with partner Erling Bjerkhoel. She also participated at the 1948 Winter Olympics. Henie also won the Norwegian Figure Skating Championships in 1946,", "\"Ila Ray Hadley\"\nIla Ray Hadley Ila Ray Hadley (September 18, 1942 – February 15, 1961), was an American figure skater who competed in pairs and ice dance with her brother Ray Hadley, Jr.. Hadley was born in Renton, Washington. She and her brother won the bronze medal in pairs at the 1960 United States Figure Skating Championships and competed in the Winter Olympics and World Figure Skating Championships that year. The next year, they finished second in pairs at the U.S. Championships and fourth at the North American Figure Skating Championships. They died along with their mother on February 15, 1961, when", "\"Ray Hadley Jr.\"\nRay Hadley Jr. Ray Ellis Hadley Jr. (October 6, 1943 – February 15, 1961) was an American figure skater who competed in pairs and ice dance with his sister Ila Ray Hadley. Hadley was born in Seattle, Washington. He and his sister won the bronze medal in pairs at the 1960 United States Figure Skating Championships and competed in the Winter Olympics and World Figure Skating Championships that year. The next year, they finished second in pairs at the U.S. Championships and fourth at the North American Figure Skating Championships. They died along with their mother on February 15, 1961", "\"Alexa Scimeca Knierim\"\nfall on a death spiral. They were the only U.S. pair to qualify for the free skate. On May 14, 2018, U.S. Figure Skating announced that the Knierims had left their coach, Dalilah Sappenfield, to train with 2018 Olympic champion Aljona Savchenko and her coaching staff. They began training part-time in Oberstdorf, Germany. The Knierims started their season at 2018 Nebelhorn Trophy where they won the silver medal. They placed 1st in the short program and finished 2nd overall by about one point. They then competed at 2018 Skate America where they placed 4th. They were without a coach at", "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nwere third. This was the second Olympics since 1964 that a Soviet or Russian pair did not win a medal. For a complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best score was set during this competition: A total of 22 teams qualified to compete for the event, with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three. Originally only 20 spots were available, but due to the invitation of the North and South Korean teams, the quota jumped to 22. 16 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World", "\"International figure skating\"\nWinter Olympics, where figure skating made its fifth Olympic appearance. Figure skating grew in the U.S. following World War II. In 1948, Dick Button became the first American men's skater to win the Olympics, and the first to become World champion. In 1950, Karol Kennedy / Peter Kennedy won the United States' first World pair skating title. In 1953, Tenley Albright became the first American woman to win the World title. From 1948 through 1959, the United States won twelve consecutive World men's titles – Button won five (1948–52), Hayes Alan Jenkins won four (1953–56), and David Jenkins won three", "\"Dalilah Sappenfield\"\nJessica Rose Paetsch & Jon Nuss, Meeran Trombley & Laureano Ibarra, Brittany Vise & Nicholas Kole, Igor Macypura, and Austin Kanallakan. U.S. National Champions coached by Sappenfield include: Dalilah Sappenfield Dalilah Sappenfield is an American World and Olympic figure skating coach and choreographer who specializes in pair skating. She has worked as a coach since 1993 and is the 2008 USFSA/PSA Coach of the Year, an award she won after her pair teams won the gold medals at the novice, junior, and senior levels at the 2008 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. Her pair Alexa Scimeca Knierim & Chris Knierim qualified", "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance\"\nscored enough points overall to win the gold medal, setting another world record with a total score of 206.07. This was the third Olympic medal that Virtue/Moir had won in ice dance; they won their first gold in 2010 and they took silver in 2014. It was also their fifth Olympic medal overall (including two team medals in 2014 and 2018), making them the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best scores were set during this competition: A total of 24", "\"David Pelletier\"\nDavid Pelletier David Jacques Pelletier (born November 22, 1974) is a Canadian pairs figure skater. With his partner Jamie Salé, he was the co-gold medal winner at the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. They shared the gold medal with the Russian pair Elena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze after the 2002 Olympic Winter Games figure skating scandal. Pelletier was born in Sayabec, Quebec. He achieved early success as a pair skater with Julie Laporte. They won both the novice and junior titles at the Canadian Figure Skating Championships and placed 7th at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships in 1992. Despite these", "\"Short program (figure skating)\"\nwas in 2018. Pair skating, which has never included a compulsory phase like the other figure skating disciplines, did not require a short program until the early 1960s, when the ISU \"\"instituted a short program of required moves\"\" as the first part of pair competitions. The short program for pair skating first appeared at the European Championships in 1963, the World Championships in 1964, and the Olympics in 1968. The arrangement of the specific moves, also unlike compulsory figures for single skaters and the compulsory dance for ice dancers, were up to each pair team. According to writer Ellyn Kestnbaum,", "\"Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Pairs\"\noverall. While Totmianina / Marinin extended the streak of gold medals in pairs for Russia and former Soviet Union to 12 consecutive Olympics, dating back to 1964, the silver medals for Zhang / Zhang are China's best ever achievement in Olympic figure skating. Up until this point, China had three bronze medals in figure skating: two from China's Chen Lu and one from Shen / Zhao. Referee: Technical Controller: Technical Specialist: Assistant Technical Specialist: Judges: Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Pairs Pair skating was contested during the figure skating events at the 2006 Winter Olympics. This event", "\"Sui Wenjing\"\nskating experience. They both were inspired by 2010 Olympic Champions Shen Xue & Hongbo Zhao and started skating after watching them competing in the 2002 Winter Olympics. They made their international debut in the 2009–10 ISU Junior Grand Prix, where they placed 1st at their events. In the ISU Junior Grand Prix Final they placed 1st. They won the 2010 Chinese Figure Skating Championships and earned a trip to the 2010 World Junior Figure Skating Championships, where they placed 1st. They became the second Chinese pair winning the World Junior Figure Skating Championships after Zhang Dan & Zhang Hao who", "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles The men's single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 16 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 16 February and the free skating was held on 17 February. This medal event was the 1000th medal event in the history of the Winter Olympic Games. With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in", "\"Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nFigure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs skating competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The short program was held on 11 February, and the free skating on 12 February. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. Prior to the competition, the existing ISU best scores were: The following new best score was set during this competition: The short program was held on 11 February. The Free skate was held on 12 February. Pairs were listed according to", "\"Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\ntheir overall score. Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs skating competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The short program was held on 11 February, and the free skating on 12 February. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. Prior to the competition, the existing ISU best scores were: The following new best score was set during this competition: The short program was held on 11 February. The Free skate was held on 12 February. Pairs were", "\"Figure skating at the Olympic Games\"\nin London, United Kingdom. As this traditional winter sport could be conducted indoors, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) approved its inclusion in the Summer Olympics program. It was featured a second time at the Antwerp Games, after which it was permanently transferred to the program of the Winter Olympic Games, first held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. In London, figure skating was presented in four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's special figures, and mixed pairs. The special figures contest was won by Russian Nikolai Panin, who gave his country its first ever Olympic gold medal. He remains the event's", "\"Tai Babilonia\"\nTai Babilonia Tai Reina Babilonia (born September 22, 1959) is an American former pair skater. Together with Randy Gardner, she won the 1979 World Figure Skating Championships and five U.S. Figure Skating Championships (1976–1980). The pair qualified for the 1976 and 1980 Winter Olympics. Babilonia and Gardner began skating together when Babilonia was eight years old and Gardner was ten. Their coach from 1972 until 1980 was John Nicks. The pair became five-time U.S. national champions and won the gold medal at the 1979 World Championships. They were medal favorites at the 1980 Winter Olympics but were forced to withdraw", "\"2018 U.S. Figure Skating Championships\"\n2018 U.S. Figure Skating Championships The 2018 Prudential U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held from December 29, 2017 – January 8, 2018 at the SAP Center in San Jose, California. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies singles, pair skating, and ice dancing at the senior, junior, novice, intermediate, and juvenile levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2018 Winter Olympics, 2018 Four Continents Championships, 2018 World Junior Championships, and the 2018 World Championships. San Jose was announced as the host in August 2016. Competitors qualified at regional and sectional competitions held", "\"Pair skating\"\nOlympic discipline since figure skating, the oldest Winter Olympic sport, was introduced at the 1908 Olympic Games in London. The ISU World Figure Skating Championships introduced pair skating, along with women's singles, also in 1908. According to writer Ellyn Kestnbaum, the rising popularity of skating during the 19th century led to the development of figure skating techniques, especially the \"\"various forms of hand-in-hand skating that would become the basis of pair skating.\"\" Madge Syers, the first female figure skater to compete and win internationally, stated that from the beginning of the introduction of pair skating in international competitions, it was", "\"2018 Russian Figure Skating Championships\"\n2018 Russian Figure Skating Championships The 2018 Russian Figure Skating Championships () were held from 19 to 24 December 2017 in Saint Petersburg. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The results are among the criteria used to select Russia's teams to the 2018 European Championships, 2018 Winter Olympics, and 2018 World Championships. In the 2017–18 season, Russian skaters will compete in domestic qualifying events and national championships for various age levels. The Russian Cup series will lead to three events – the Russian Championships, the Russian Junior Championships, and the", "\"Hans-Jürgen Bäumler\"\nHans-Jürgen Bäumler Hans-Jürgen Bäumler (born 28 January 1942) is a German pair skater, actor, singer and television host. Hans-Jürgen Bäumler became famous in pair skating with his skating partner Marika Kilius. Between 1958 and 1964 they won the German nationals four times, they became six times European champion and twice World champion in pair skating. Their coach was Erich Zeller. They won a silver medal at the 1960 Olympic Winter Games, and he became one of the youngest male figure skating Olympic medalists. At 1964 they won a silver medal again. The skaters had signed professional contracts and skated as", "\"2017–18 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating\"\n2017–18 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating The 2017–18 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating was a series of invitational senior internationals which ran from October through December 2017. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points based on their placement at each event and the top six in each discipline qualified to compete at the Grand Prix Final in Nagoya. Organized by the International Skating Union, the series set the stage for the 2018 Europeans, the 2018 Four Continents, 2018 Olympic Games, and the 2018 World Championships. The", "\"Figure skating\"\nWorld Championships were held in 1896 and won by Gilbert Fuchs. Only men competed in these events. In 1902, a woman, Madge Syers, entered the World competition for the first time, finishing second. The ISU quickly banned women from competing against men, but established a separate competition for \"\"ladies\"\" in 1906. Pair skating was introduced at the 1908 World Championships, where the title was won by Anna Hübler and Heinrich Burger. Figure skating was the first winter sport introduced to the Olympics; its Olympic debut came at the 1908 Summer Olympics. On March 20, 1914 an international figure skating championship", "\"Olympic results index\"\nat the 1984 Winter Olympics|1984]] [[Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics|1988]] [[Figure skating at the 1992 Winter Olympics|1992]] [[Figure skating at the 1994 Winter Olympics|1994]] [[Figure skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics|1998]] [[Figure skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics|2002]] [[Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics|2006]] [[Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics|2010]] [[Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics|2014]] [[Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics|2018]] [[Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics|2022]] [[Freestyle skiing at the 1924 Winter Olympics|1924]] [[Freestyle skiing at the 1928 Winter Olympics|1928]] [[Freestyle skiing at the 1932 Winter Olympics|1932]] [[Freestyle skiing at the", "\"Mikhail Kolyada\"\nwon his 2nd consecutive Russian figure skating title, and despite errors won bronze for the 2nd consecutive year at the European Figure Skating Championships. He was selected to skate both programs for Team Russia in the Olympic Team Figure Skating event, helping the Olympic Athletes of Russia to the Team Silver medal. He won the bronze medal at the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in Milan, Italy, being 2nd after the short, but dropping to 3rd after errors in the long. Kolyada started his season by competing in two ISU Challenger Series events. In mid September he won the gold", "\"Herma Szabo\"\nHerma Szabo Herma Szabo (22 February 1902 – 7 May 1986) was an Austrian figure skater who competed in ladies' singles and pairs. As a single skater, she became the 1924 Olympic champion and a five-time world champion (1922–1926). She also won two world titles in pairs with Ludwig Wrede. Szabo was born in Vienna, where she came from a family of figure skaters. Her mother was Christa von Szabo, a two time world medalist in pairs figure skating and her uncle was Eduard Engelmann Jr., a three time European Champion in men's figure skating, who built the first artificial", "\"Pair skating\"\nuse of vocals was expanded to pair skating, as well as to single skating, starting in 2014; the first Olympics affected by this change was in 2018 in PeongChang, South Korea. The ISU's decision, done to increase the sport's audience, to encourage more participation, and to give skaters and choreographers more choice in constructing their programs, had divided support among skaters, coaches, and choreographers. As for the other disciplines of figure skating, the clothing worn by pair skaters at ISU Championships, the Olympics, and international competitions must be \"\"modest, dignified and appropriate for athletic competition—not garish or theatrical in design\"\".<ref", "\"Anna Hübler\"\nwon silver in 1908.) After retiring from figure skating, Hübler became a singer and actress. She later owned a department store. Anna Hübler Ana Hübler (2 January 1885 – 5 July 1976) was a German pair skater, born in Munich. She was an Olympic champion and two-time World champion with skating partner Heinrich Burger. Hübler and Burger were the first World champions and the first Olympic champions in pairs figure skating. They never became European champions, because the European championships did not include a pairs competition until 1930. They skated for the club Münchener EV (Munich EV). Hübler was the", "\"Randy Gardner (figure skater)\"\nbeing raped by a family friend. In 2006, Gardner revealed that he is gay. + Randy Gardner (figure skater) Randy Gardner (born December 2, 1958) is an American former pair skater. Together with Tai Babilonia, he won the 1979 World Figure Skating Championships and five U.S. Figure Skating Championships (1976–1980). The pair qualified for the 1976 and 1980 Winter Olympics. Babilonia and Gardner began skating together when Babilonia was eight and Gardner ten. Their coach was John Nicks. The pair became five-time U.S. national champions and won the gold medal at the 1979 World Championships. They were medal favorites at", "\"International figure skating\"\nskater to stand on an Olympic podium, winning silver at the Winter Olympics in Albertville, France. She is the first woman to land a triple-triple jump combination and a triple Axel in competition. In February 2006, Shizuka Arakawa became the first Japanese skater to be awarded an Olympic gold medal. Narumi Takahashi / Mervin Tran won Japan's first World medal in pair skating, taking bronze at the 2012 World Championships in Nice, France. In February 2014, Yuzuru Hanyu won Japan's first Olympic title in men's figure skating. Mao Asada is her country's most successful ladies' figure skater at the World", "\"Ronald Ludington\"\nRonald Ludington Ronald Ludington (born September 4, 1934) is an American figure skating coach and former pair skater. With Nancy Rouillard Ludington, he is the 1960 Olympic bronze medalist, 1959 World bronze medalist, and a four-time U.S. national champion. With his then-wife, Nancy Rouillard Ludington, he won the U.S. Championships in pair skating four times, between 1957 and 1960, after having been the junior national champions in 1956. They won bronze medals at the 1959 World Figure Skating Championships and 1960 Winter Olympics. Ludington also won the 1958 U.S. junior (silver) dance championship, partnered with Judy Ann Lamar. Following his", "\"Ronald Ludington\"\nRonald Ludington Ronald Ludington (born September 4, 1934) is an American figure skating coach and former pair skater. With Nancy Rouillard Ludington, he is the 1960 Olympic bronze medalist, 1959 World bronze medalist, and a four-time U.S. national champion. With his then-wife, Nancy Rouillard Ludington, he won the U.S. Championships in pair skating four times, between 1957 and 1960, after having been the junior national champions in 1956. They won bronze medals at the 1959 World Figure Skating Championships and 1960 Winter Olympics. Ludington also won the 1958 U.S. junior (silver) dance championship, partnered with Judy Ann Lamar. Following his", "\"Beatrix Loughran\"\nUnited States Figure Skating Hall of Fame. Beatrix Loughran Beatrix Suzetta Loughran (June 30, 1900 – December 7, 1975) was an American figure skater who competed in single skating and pair skating. She is the only American to win three Olympic medals in figure skating (1924, 1928, 1932), and one of the oldest figure skating Olympic medalists. She is a six-time National champion (1925–1927 in singles, 1930–1932 in pairs). Her pairs partner was Sherwin Badger. Loughran was born Mount Vernon, New York in and died in Long Beach, New York. She was the aunt of three-time national medalist Audrey Peppe.", "\"International figure skating\"\nwinning bronze. Helsinki is the only Finnish city to host the World Championships (1914, 1983, 1999, 2017). It hosted the European Championships in 1977, 1993, and 2009. Chamonix, France hosted the Figure skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics, where figure skating made its third Olympic appearance. In 1926, Andreé Joly-Brunet / Pierre Brunet won France's first World title in pair skating. They would win three more World titles as a pair. The first ISU Championships held in France were the 1932 European and 1936 World Championships, both in Paris. In 1952, Jacqueline du Bief became the first French skater to", "\"Ardelle Kloss\"\nArdelle Kloss Ardelle Kloss Sanderson (born April 12, 1916; died September 15, 2011 in Lake Placid, NY) was an American figure skater who competed in pair skating and ice dancing. She trained in Lake Placid under coach Willi Boeckl and competed with partner Roland Janson. She and Janson won the bronze medal in ice dance at the 1937 United States Figure Skating Championships and captured the bronze in pairs the following year. After her competitive career, Sanderson was a longtime figure skating official and was a judge at the 1964 Winter Olympic Games. She was inducted into the United States", "\"Ludowika Jakobsson\"\nLudowika Jakobsson Ludovika Antje Margareta Jakobsson-Eilers (née Eilers, 25 July 1884 – 1 November 1968) was a German-Finnish figure skater. Competing in pair skating with skating partner and husband Walter Jakobsson, she won the gold medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics, where she was the only German-born athlete, and became the oldest female figure skating Olympic champion. The pair also earned three world titles, in 1911, 1914 and 1923, and finished second and fifth at the 1924 and 1928 Olympics, respectively. Eilers also had some success in single skating, winning a bronze medal at the 1911 World Championships. Eilers met", "\"Zhao Hongbo\"\nconsidered to be one of the top teams in the world. They won another silver medal at the Worlds in 2000, and a bronze in 2001. They were considered strong medal contenders in the 2002 Winter Olympics. They won the bronze with a strong performance, missing a throw quadruple salchow attempt. They became the first Chinese pair to win a medal at the Olympics for figure skating. At the 2002 World Figure Skating Championships held in Nagano, Japan, Shen and Zhao won their first World Championship, becoming the first Chinese pair skaters to win a gold medal in the history", "\"Andreas Nischwitz\"\nAndreas Nischwitz Andreas Nischwitz (born 1 April 1957) is a former West German pair skater. He was born in Leinfelden, Germany. With partner Susanne Scheibe, he won the gold medal at the German Figure Skating Championships in 1977 and 1978, finishing eighth at both the European Figure Skating Championships and World Figure Skating Championships in both years. He then teamed with Christina Riegel and won the German title three straight years, starting in 1979. They finished eighth at the 1980 Winter Olympics, and the following year, the pair won the silver medal at the European Championships and the bronze at", "\"Rusty Fein\"\n2005 Nebelhorn Trophy and won the pewter medal at the 2006 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. They were subsequently named alternates for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. They competed together until 2006. In 2008, sports media reported that Fein would return to competitive skating, pairing with 2005 U.S. National Champion Katie Orscher, but the partnership never materialized. Rusty Fein Henry \"\"Rusty\"\" Fein (born June 24, 1982 in Washington, D.C.) is an American figure skater, who competed in both singles and pairs. He skated in pairs with Tiffany Scott, with whom he is the 2006 U.S. national pewter medalist and", "\"Stanislav Zhuk\"\nmonument to Stanislav Zhuk, the outstanding professional figure-skating coach, on the CSKA. Stanislav Zhuk Stanislav Alekseevich Zhuk (, ; 25 January 1935 – 1 November 1998) was a pair skater who represented the Soviet Union. With partner and wife Nina, he won three silver medals at the European Figure Skating Championships and finished sixth at the 1960 Winter Olympics. He later went on to a long career as a coach. Among the pairs he coached were Olympic gold medalists Irina Rodnina and Alexander Zaitsev and Ekaterina Gordeeva and Sergei Grinkov. A native Siberian, his father, Alexey Zhuk, returned to Ulyanovsk", "\"Wallace Diestelmeyer\"\nWallace Diestelmeyer Wallace William \"\"Wally\"\" Diestelmeyer (July 14, 1926 – December 23, 1999) was a Canadian figure skater. He competed in pair skating with Suzanne Morrow. The couple won the bronze medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics and the 1948 World Figure Skating Championships. They are credited as being the first pair to perform the death spiral one-handed, with the man holding the woman in position with one hand, at the 1948 Olympic Games. After retiring from competitions Distelmeyer worked as a skating coach. In 1992 he was inducted into the Skate Canada Hall of Fame, together with Morrow. Men's", "\"Joseph Savage\"\nJoseph Savage Joseph Knebel Savage (May 21, 1879 in New York, New York – March 10, 1956 in Asbury Park, New Jersey) was an American figure skater who competed in pairs and ice dance. Teamed with Edith Secord, he won the bronze medal in pairs at the United States Figure Skating Championships in 1929 and 1930 and finished eighth at the 1930 World Figure Skating Championships. He then teamed with Gertrude Meredith, capturing two more bronze medals at the U.S. Championships in 1932 and 1933 and finishing seventh out of seven pairs at the 1932 Winter Olympic Games (when Savage", "\"Wallace Diestelmeyer\"\nsingles Pairs with Suzanne Morrow with Joyce Perkins with Floraine Ducharme Ice dance with Suzanne Morrow Wallace Diestelmeyer Wallace William \"\"Wally\"\" Diestelmeyer (July 14, 1926 – December 23, 1999) was a Canadian figure skater. He competed in pair skating with Suzanne Morrow. The couple won the bronze medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics and the 1948 World Figure Skating Championships. They are credited as being the first pair to perform the death spiral one-handed, with the man holding the woman in position with one hand, at the 1948 Olympic Games. After retiring from competitions Distelmeyer worked as a skating coach.", "\"2018 U.S. Figure Skating Championships\"\nfrom October to November 2017 or earned a bye. Skaters must place in the top 4 in order to earn a spot at the National Figure Skating Championships. In late December 2017, U.S. Figure Skating published the list of skaters who had qualified or received a bye. The competition took place over ten days. All times are in PST. U.S. Figure Skating began announcing the team for the 2018 Winter Olympics on January 6, 2018. The selections for the team event at the Olympics were as follows: U.S. Figure Skating began announcing the team for the 2018 World Championships on", "\"Andreas Nischwitz\"\nthe World Championships. Andreas Nischwitz Andreas Nischwitz (born 1 April 1957) is a former West German pair skater. He was born in Leinfelden, Germany. With partner Susanne Scheibe, he won the gold medal at the German Figure Skating Championships in 1977 and 1978, finishing eighth at both the European Figure Skating Championships and World Figure Skating Championships in both years. He then teamed with Christina Riegel and won the German title three straight years, starting in 1979. They finished eighth at the 1980 Winter Olympics, and the following year, the pair won the silver medal at the European Championships and", "\"Figure skating\"\nFebruary 15, 1961, the entire U.S. figure skating team and their coaches were killed in the crash of Sabena Flight 548 in Brussels, Belgium en route to the World Championships in Prague. This tragedy sent the U.S. skating program into a period of rebuilding. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union rose to become a dominant force in the sport, especially in the disciplines of pair skating and ice dance. At every Winter Olympics from 1964 until 2006, a Soviet or Russian pair won gold in pair skating, in what is often considered to be one of the longest winning streaks in modern", "\"Olympic results index\"\nOlympics|2018]] [[Curling at the 2022 Winter Olympics|2022]] [[Figure skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics|1924]] [[Figure skating at the 1928 Winter Olympics|1928]] [[Figure skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics|1932]] [[Figure skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics|1936]] [[Figure skating at the 1948 Winter Olympics|1948]] [[Figure skating at the 1952 Winter Olympics|1952]] [[Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics|1956]] [[Figure skating at the 1960 Winter Olympics|1960]] [[Figure skating at the 1964 Winter Olympics|1964]] [[Figure skating at the 1968 Winter Olympics|1968]] [[Figure skating at the 1972 Winter Olympics|1972]] [[Figure skating at the 1976 Winter Olympics|1976]] [[Figure skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics|1980]] [[Figure skating", "\"Jean-Roland Racle\"\nJean-Roland Racle Jean-Roland Racle (born September 9, 1947 in Bagnolet) is a French former pair skater who competed with several different partners. With Fabienne Etlensperfer, Racle won the gold medal at the French Figure Skating Championships in 1967 and 1968. They also finished 18th at the European Figure Skating Championships in 1968. Then, with Florence Cahn, he won four straight national championships from 1971 to 1974. The pair also competed in the 1972 Winter Olympics, finishing 13th. In 1975, he won another French title, this time with Pascale Kovelmann. He added an eight national crown with Caroline Verchère in 1976.", "\"Jean-Roland Racle\"\nJean-Roland Racle Jean-Roland Racle (born September 9, 1947 in Bagnolet) is a French former pair skater who competed with several different partners. With Fabienne Etlensperfer, Racle won the gold medal at the French Figure Skating Championships in 1967 and 1968. They also finished 18th at the European Figure Skating Championships in 1968. Then, with Florence Cahn, he won four straight national championships from 1971 to 1974. The pair also competed in the 1972 Winter Olympics, finishing 13th. In 1975, he won another French title, this time with Pascale Kovelmann. He added an eight national crown with Caroline Verchère in 1976." ]

[ true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "Annapurna Studios , Hyderabad" ]

[ "\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\nhouse was set up in Annapurna Studios, Hyderabad. Bigg Boss Telugu is aired on Star Maa. Every day's episodes contain the main happenings of the previous day. Every Saturday episode mainly focuses on an interview of the evicted contestant by the host. Male Contestants. Female Contestants. Bigg Boss Telugu Bigg Boss Telugu is the Telugu-language version of the reality TV programme \"\"Big Brother\"\" and the fourth Indian version of reality TV programme \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" and airs on Star Maa in India. The first season of \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\" premiered on 16 July 2017 and concluded on 24 September 2017. Jr.", "\"Bigg Boss Telugu 2\"\nBigg Boss Telugu 2 Bigg Boss Telugu 2 is the second season of the Telugu-language version of the reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" broadcast in India. The season premiered on June 10, 2018 on Star Maa. Nani hosts the show and it is the second longest season for 112 days in Indian versions of \"\"Bigg Boss\"\". Unlike the first season, this season featured general public along with celebrities as housemates. For this season of Bigg Boss, a lavish house set has been constructed in Backlots of Annapurna Studios 7 Acres, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad. The season was extended by one week", "\"Bigg Boss Telugu 1\"\nfriends before the finale. \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" arranged a live show with audiences in Hyderabad Prasad's IMAX with an audience to ask them about their life on \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\" season 1. \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" arranged an airtel video call with their family members. The Grand Finale of \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\" season 1 was telecast on Star Maa on 24 September 2017. The participants in the order they entered the house are: Bigg Boss Telugu 1 Bigg Boss Telugu 1 is the first season of Telugu-language version of the reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" broadcast in India. The season was launched on", "\"Madhavi (actress)\"\ndance from Mr. Bhatt from an early age and gave more than a thousand dance performances. She attended Stanley Girls High School in Hyderabad, Abids Branch. Director Dasari Narayana Rao gave her a starring role in the Telugu film \"\"Thoorupu Padamara\"\" when she was a teenager. The film became a huge hit. She acted in a number of films with Telugu Megastar Chiranjeevi. Her first movie with Chiranjeevi was \"\"Intlo Ramaiah Veedhilo Krishnaiah\"\" in 1982. She acted again with Chiranjeevi in the movie \"\"Khaidi\"\". Her last movie in Telugu was \"\"Big Boss\"\" (another Chiranjeevi film). K. Balachander then cast her", "\"Roll Rida\"\nTelugu and Deccani slang spoken in Hyderabad old city. Most of his songs are written by Syed Kamran. He worked with Telugu music directors like M. M. Keeravani, S. S. Thaman and Anoop Rubens. He also performed with DIVINE. He worked as a voice artist for Akhil Akkineni in the movie \"\"Manam\"\", and Jr. NTR in \"\"Temper\"\". He acted in a short film, \"\"Hello!\"\", an urban rom com. It was released on YouTube. He was selected for Bigg Boss Telugu 2 for his popularity. He stayed in the house till the week before the finale of that season-2. He is", "\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\nBigg Boss Telugu Bigg Boss Telugu is the Telugu-language version of the reality TV programme \"\"Big Brother\"\" and the fourth Indian version of reality TV programme \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" and airs on Star Maa in India. The first season of \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\" premiered on 16 July 2017 and concluded on 24 September 2017. Jr. NTR hosted the first season.The second season is premiered on 10 June 2018 with a caption \"\"Edaina Jaragochu\"\" and concluded on 30 September 2018. The second season is hosted by Nani. Bigg Boss Telugu is a reality show based on the Hindi show Bigg Boss which", "\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\ncelebrities as housemates, not members of the general public. While all the rules have never been told to the audience, the most prominent ones are clearly seen. The inmates are not permitted to talk in any other language except Telugu. They always have to wear the lapel. They cannot leave the House premises at any time unless they are evicted or decided by Big Boss. They can not discuss the nomination process with anyone. They are not allowed to sleep without the permission of Bigg Boss. The house for season one was set up at Lonavala. For season two, the", "\"Dhanraj (Telugu comedian)\"\nDhanraj (Telugu comedian) Dhanraj () is a Telugu actor and Comedian. He started his career in film with Teja's film, \"\"Jai\"\". Dhanraj entered Tollywood with only four hundred rupees, leaving his hometown and parents without notice. He worked in a hotel in Hyderabad and attended acting school. He was leading a team \"\"Dhanadhan Dhanraj\"\" in a popular TV show Jabardasth telecast in ETV. DhanRaj played opposite Lakshmi Manchu in the film, \"\"Pilavani Perantam\"\". DhanRaj is currently participating in Telugu Reality Show Bigg Boss. He got eliminated on 7th week of bigg boss. He was gifted with second boy on the", "\"Dhanraj (Telugu comedian)\"\nday of his elimination. Dhanraj (Telugu comedian) Dhanraj () is a Telugu actor and Comedian. He started his career in film with Teja's film, \"\"Jai\"\". Dhanraj entered Tollywood with only four hundred rupees, leaving his hometown and parents without notice. He worked in a hotel in Hyderabad and attended acting school. He was leading a team \"\"Dhanadhan Dhanraj\"\" in a popular TV show Jabardasth telecast in ETV. DhanRaj played opposite Lakshmi Manchu in the film, \"\"Pilavani Perantam\"\". DhanRaj is currently participating in Telugu Reality Show Bigg Boss. He got eliminated on 7th week of bigg boss. He was gifted with", "\"Babu Gogineni\"\nand internationally to spread humanism and awareness of social issues. He speaks on television on superstition, science, Humanism and human rights. He appeared on the reality TV show Bigg Boss Telugu season 2. He was eliminated from the show after 63 days on Aug 12, 2018. Gogineni , the son of Aruna Kumari (née Vegunta) of Eluru, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh and Gurubabu of Tenali, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh was born in Hyderabad. At the age of 18, he became the youngest certified French language teacher in Hyderabad. He later graduated from Nizam College. He served as Joint secretary", "\"Amit Tiwari\"\nhe stars in many big Tollywood films. After the successful first season of \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\", Amit got a chance to participate in 2018's \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu 2\"\". the hit reality TV show which is being hosted by Nani. The show airs on Star Maa. Amit finished in 7th place. Amit Tiwari Amit Tiwari is an Indian film actor known primarily for his negative roles in Telugu films, as well as a few Tamil, Hindi, and Kannada films. Some of his notable roles are in successful films such as \"\"Vikramarkudu\"\" (2006), \"\"\"\"Lakshyam\"\" (2007), \"\"Rowdy Rathore\"\" (2012), \"\"\"\"Temper\"\"\"\" (2015). He was", "\"Tejaswi Madivada\"\nTejaswi Madivada Tejaswi Madivada (;) is an Indian film actress and model, who works predominantly in the Telugu film industry. A dancer turned actress, she made her acting debut in 2013 with \"\"Seethamma Vaakitlo Sirimalle Chettu\"\" and became noted after starring in \"\"Ice Cream\"\". She was a contestant in reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu 2\"\" in 2018. Tejaswi studied Mass communication and Journalism at the St Francis College for Women in Hyderabad. She later worked part-time as a freelance dance instructor with Twist n Turns and took classes for MNCs like HSBC, Wipro, Franklin Templeton and in schools like", "\"Kathi Karthika\"\nKathi Karthika Kathi Karthika (Telugu: కత్తి కార్తీక) (born 2 January 1981) is an Indian television host, video jockey, actor and interior designer. She hosted a one of the well known-program called \"\"Dil Se Karthika\"\" and telecasted in the television channel V6 News. She is one of the 15 participants of Bigg Boss Telugu season 1 game show in Star Maa television. She is well known for her anchoring in typical telangana accent. . At present she started her Business in Interior and Architect Designing with Brand Name B designn Studios by Kathi Karthika in Hyderabad Karthika was born and grew", "\"Mahesh Kathi\"\ntheir star on a TV show. He was banned from entering Hyderabad on 9 July 2018 for a period of 6 months by the Telangana police for allegedly making derogatory comments against Lord Rama and Sita which hurt the sentiments of people of the city. Mahesh Kathi Mahesh Kathi is a controversial film critic and actor working in Telugu cinema. He appeared on the reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\". He studied film theory at the Hyderabad Central University. Mahesh started his career with \"\"Edari Varsham,\"\" based on Devarakonda Balagangadhara Tilak's story \"\"Vooru Chivuru Illu,\"\" which was the first crowd", "\"Bigg Boss Telugu 2\"\n(112 days) instead of the actual 105 days format of the show. Among the five finalists, Kaushal Manda emerged as the winner with highest number of public votes, followed by Geetha Madhuri as runner-up, Tanish Alladi, Deepti Nallamothu and Samrat Reddy as third, fourth and fifth respectively. The participants in the order they entered the house are: Bigg Boss Telugu 2 Bigg Boss Telugu 2 is the second season of the Telugu-language version of the reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" broadcast in India. The season premiered on June 10, 2018 on Star Maa. Nani hosts the show and it is", "\"Mahesh Kathi\"\nMahesh Kathi Mahesh Kathi is a controversial film critic and actor working in Telugu cinema. He appeared on the reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu\"\". He studied film theory at the Hyderabad Central University. Mahesh started his career with \"\"Edari Varsham,\"\" based on Devarakonda Balagangadhara Tilak's story \"\"Vooru Chivuru Illu,\"\" which was the first crowd funded short film in Telugu. Mahesh was a co-writer of the film \"\"Minugurulu\"\" the \"\"first Telugu script to be preserved in the Oscar Library's permanent core collection\"\" and the first Telugu film to contend for the Academy Awards' best feature film (2014). His film reviews", "\"Bigg Boss Telugu 1\"\nBigg Boss Telugu 1 Bigg Boss Telugu 1 is the first season of Telugu-language version of the reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" broadcast in India. The season was launched on 16 July 2017 on Star Maa. N. T. Rama Rao Jr. hosted the show. The prize money for the winner was Rs. 50 Lakhs. For this season of \"\"Bigg Boss\"\", a lavish house set was constructed in Lonavla. Siva Balaji was the winner. The \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" house garden area was well decorated for the season finale. All eliminated contestants entered the house as guests. All housemates enjoyed their \"\"Bigg Boss\"\"", "\"Krishna Nagar, Hyderabad\"\nKrishna Nagar, Hyderabad Sri Krishna Nagar is an important commercial & residential area in the west zone of Hyderabad, India. It is adjacent to Jubilee Hills Rd #2 and is well connected to all parts of the city. This is now a bustling suburb, especially for people working in the Telugu film industry, and also to software professionals. Many cine artists live here. Annapurna studios, a famous landmark, is located nearer to the Krishna Nagar. Also, KBR park, LV Prasad Hospital are just a stone's throw away from Sri Krishna Nagar. There are many super markets and multispeciality hospitals located", "\"Media in Hyderabad\"\n2 April 2003. After bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh state, DD Saptagiri was relegated to being telecast from Doordarshan Kendra Vijayawada for Andhra Pradesh while the existing network, renamed DD Yadagiri, was aimed at the Telangana populace. DD Yadagiri's operations have been continued from its current Ramanthapur office, Hyderabad. The channel highlights the Telangana culture and dialect. Telugu television channels broadcast from Hyderabad are: Hyderabad has several newspapers in Telugu, English, Urdu and Hindi. The major Telugu dailies include \"\"Eenadu\"\", \"\"Sakshi\"\", \"\"Maa Aksharam Mee Ayudham\"\", \"\"Vaartha\"\", \"\"Andhra Jyothi\"\", \"\"Surya\"\", \"\"Prajasakti\"\", \"\"Andhra Bhoomi\"\", \"\"Andhra Prabha\"\", and \"\"Namaste Telangana\"\". The major English dailies", "\"Media in Hyderabad\"\npopular in Hyderabad, Mumbai, Delhi and a couple of India's biggest metro's. As well as a couple of International Metro's. 2. The News (http://www.thenews.co.in/telangananews) - Also very popular Also a well known magazine amongst its base HYD is: 3. Wow 4. Tulip (http://www.tulipmag.com/) 5. Red (http://www.redmagazine.in/) - Telugu Magazines published in Hyderabad include the \"\"Neadu Telugu\"\" daily, \"\"Swati\"\", \"\"Navya\"\", \"\"Andhra Prabha\"\", \"\"Andhra Jyoti\"\", \"\"Crime Today\"\", \"\"Vipula\"\", \"\"Chatura\"\", \"\"Vanita\"\" and \"\"Chandamama\"\".\"\"Great andhra\"\" Film magazines include \"\"Tollywood\"\", \"\"Sitara\"\", \"\"Geeturai Weekly\"\", \"\"Siva Ranjani\"\", \"\"Santosham\"\" and \"\"Jyoti Chitra\"\". Hyderabad is the homeland of Tollywood, the Telugu movie industry. Apart from being a popular entertainment", "\"Geetha Arts\"\nGeetha Arts Geetha Arts (Telugu: గీతా ఆర్ట్స్) is an Indian film production and distribution company established in 1972 by Allu Aravind, brother-in-law of Chiranjeevi. The company is based in Hyderabad and has produced around 50 films in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Hindi languages. Geetha Arts though came to be known for its big-budget blockbusters, the company marked its beginning by producing a small-budget movie Banthrotu Bharya in 1974. The company delivered several successful projects from the beginning, the film Vijetha , a family drama starring Chiranjeevi set the trend of blockbusters for Geetha Arts. Since then, Geetha Arts has made", "\"Telugu cinema\"\nare some of the largest film schools in India. The Telugu states consist of approximately 2800 theaters, the largest number of cinema halls of any state in India. The Nandi Awards is the most prestigious award ceremony for excellence in the production of Telugu Film, Theatre and Television. It is presented annually at \"\"Lalitha Kala Thoranam\"\" in Hyderabad, by the Film, Television and Theatre Development Corporation\"\" of the Telugu state(s). \"\"Nandi\"\" means \"\"bull\"\", the awards being named after the big granite bull at Lepakshi — a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu culture. Known for being commercially consistent, Telugu", "\"Telugu Wikipedia\"\nexpanded into articles with the help of volunteers from the Telugu online and blogging communities. Charivari translated and drafted many of the initial policies, Pradeep wrote scripts automating mundane tasks and the article count increased to 6,000. A symbiotic relationship between the early Telugu blogger-Wikipedians with the larger Telugu online community was a big boon for the Telugu Wikipedia. Its initial momentum was furthered by committed members such as Kasubabu, Dr Rajasekhar, Chandrakantha Rao, Ravichandra, Veeven, Kasyap, Rahamtulla and Sujatha. Wikipedia was promoted at book fairs in Hyderabad and Vijayawada and supported by the e-Telugu organization and the local-language media,", "\"Bank (film)\"\nfilm. Production began during January 2007 and the film was mostly shot in Hyderabad and Mehaboob Studios in Mumbai. An audio soundtrack release event was held in Hyderabad during November 2007. The event was presided over by the Telugu Film Producers' Council President Tammareddy Bharadwaja. The Telugu version of the film had a theatrical release on 30 January 2009. A critic from The Times of India gave the film one star out of five, and noted \"\"it remains a big question, how talented actors like Jackie Shroff and Raghuvaran could agree to do this lackluster film\"\". The reviewer addded \"\"on", "Tanish\nTanish Tanish is a Tollywood actor and television personality known for his lead roles in Telugu films. He has starred in films such as \"\"Nachavule\"\", \"\"Ride\"\", \"\"Telugabbai\"\", \"\"Pandavulu Pandavulu Thummeda\"\", and \"\"Nakshatram\"\". He has also kickstarted a television career, as he was one of the contestants on the hit reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu 2\"\", which was hosted by noted Telugu star Nani. Tanish finished in 3rd place in Bigg Boss Telugu 2. Tanish was born to Alladi Yesuvardhan Babu and Saraswathi. He has 2 younger brothers named Alladi Vamsi Krishna and Alladi Kasi Viswanath In 2008 and 2009", "\"Chirantan Bhatt\"\nas \"\"Shaapit\"\", \"\"Haunted 3D\"\", and \"\"1920: Evil Returns\"\" in the beginning of his career and later composed chartbusters like \"\"Har Kisi Ko Nahin Milta\"\" in Akshay Kumar's \"\"Boss\"\", \"\"Teri Meri Kahaani\"\" and \"\"Coffee Peete Peete\"\" in \"\"Gabbar Is Back\"\", and \"\"Bawra Mann\"\" in \"\"Jolly LLB 2\"\". After \"\"Gabbar Is Back\"\", director Krish offered his Telugu venture, \"\"Kanche\"\", to Bhatt, who received rave reviews for his music and background score. The score won him two major awards - the GAMA Award 2016 in Dubai and the Cinemaa Award 2016 in Hyderabad. He was also nominated for Best Music Director for \"\"Kanche\"\"", "\"Annapurna Studios\"\nAnnapurna Studios Annapurna Studios () is a production house established in 1975 by the late Telugu actor Nageswara Rao Akkineni. This studio was named after his wife 'Annapurna Akkineni'. Located in the heart of Hyderabad city, the 22-acre studios mainly produce Telugu films and also provides various production and post-production facilities, including sound stages for set construction, outdoor sets, editing, dubbing and Digital Intermediate suites. In 2011, the Akkineni Family launched a non-profitable educational institute (Annapurna International School of Film and Media). ANR's son, actor Nagarjuna Akkineni serves as a chairman after his father’s demise. The non-profit Annapurna International School", "\"Annapurna Studios\"\nMehra, Javed Akhtar, Kamal Hassan, Tabu, Anurag Kashyap, Mani Ratnam, Gautham Menon, S. S. Rajamouli, Deva Katta and Krish. Annapurna Studios Annapurna Studios () is a production house established in 1975 by the late Telugu actor Nageswara Rao Akkineni. This studio was named after his wife 'Annapurna Akkineni'. Located in the heart of Hyderabad city, the 22-acre studios mainly produce Telugu films and also provides various production and post-production facilities, including sound stages for set construction, outdoor sets, editing, dubbing and Digital Intermediate suites. In 2011, the Akkineni Family launched a non-profitable educational institute (Annapurna International School of Film and", "\"Himayatnagar, Hyderabad\"\noutlets in the locality. Famous hotels such as Alex Kitchens and Blue Fox are located in Himayatnagar. It also has restaurants such as Paradise, KFC and McDonald's. TSRTC connects Himayatnagar to all parts of the city. Himayatnagar has the offices of the Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation and the Telugu Academy. Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam has an office located at Himayatnagar. A noted center, Urdu Hall is located there. Himayatnagar, Hyderabad Himayatnagar is a densely populated part of the city of Hyderabad. It is also a Mandal in Hyderabad District . It adjoins the localities of Narayanguda, Basheerbagh and Hyderguda. It", "\"Public Gardens, Hyderabad\"\nand more. Adjacent to the State Museum is the Contemporary Art Museum. Public Gardens is home to some major landmarks in Hyderabad like the Telangana Legislative Assembly, Jubilee Hall, AP State Archaeology Museum, Indira Priyadarshini Auditorium, Asif Tennis Club, Potti Sriramulu Telugu University, Lalita Kala Thoranam, Jawahar Bal Bhavan, and Shahi Masjid are located inside this park. Public Gardens, Hyderabad Public Gardens also known as Bagh-e-Aam (Urdu: باغ عام) is a historic park located in the heart of the city of Hyderabad, India. It was built in 1846 by the Nizam of Hyderabad and is the oldest park in Hyderabad.", "\"Narendra Choudary Tummala\"\nachieved Top Telugu channels status. Apart from this, Mr.Choudary also launched several unique events like awareness of National anthem across the Telugu States etc. Through Bhakthi TV he organized Laksha Deepostavam in 2012 and Koti Deepostavam from 2013 onwards. In the year 2017, Koti Deepotsavam was held in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh along with Hyderabad in Telangana. In November 2018 he conducted the same on a grand scale in Hyderabad, which was attended by thousands of devotees . 1. Member of the Governing Council of several prestigious educational institutions in Hyderabad. 2. Chosen as one of the ‘’Swaccha Bharath ‘’ ambassadors", "\"Hyderabad Literary Festival\"\nThe Literary sessions were held at OUCIP along with a special Cultural Evening at the famous heritage site, Taramati Baradari, Golkonda. The festival was held from 16–18 January 2012 at the impressive Taramati Baradari cultural complex located in the historic Golkonda area. It was organized by Muse India, the highly acclaimed Hyderabad-based literary eJournal, in partnership with the Department of Tourism, Government of AP and several cultural organizations of the city. Special sessions were held in Telugu and Urdu-Hindi literatures. Some of the best writers in Telugu, Urdu and Hindi based in Hyderabad were featured in sessions dedicated to these", "\"Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru\"\nthat he would collaborate with UTV Motion Pictures for another film after the success of \"\"Kalakalappu\"\". Siddharth and Hansika are the lead pair of the film after the Telugu film \"\"Oh My Friend\"\". The film's title \"\"Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru\"\" was derived from a dialogue from \"\"Pudhupettai\"\", later popularised by \"\"Boss Engira Bhaskaran\"\". and it would also be made simultaneously in Telugu as \"\"Something Something\"\" with Brahmanandam playing Santhanam's role. This is Santhanam's third film with Sundar C. Shooting took place in and around Hyderabad, Nellore and Chennai. C. Sathya composed the music for this film; the soundtrack features six", "\"International Telugu Institute\"\nentitled \"\"Telugu Vaani\"\" in English and Telugu. It has published four monographs 1. Burma lo Telugu Vaani, 2. Mauritius lo Telugu Vaani, 3. Pandugalu Pabbalu and 4. Vernacularisation of Literacy - the Telugu Experiment. The Institute has been organizing periodical lectures in memory of illustrious Telugu persons. International Telugu Institute International Telugu Institute was established by the Government of Andhra Pradesh in 1975 in acceptance of a resolution unanimously adopted by the delegates to the first World Telugu Conference held at Hyderabad. It was later merged with the Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University in 1985 and renamed as International Telugu Centre.", "\"Nagaram Nidrapotunna Vela\"\nNagaram Nidrapotunna Vela Niharika (Charmee Kaur) is a young journalist working in a Telugu News Channel. After being chided by her boss for bringing ‘boring’ news, she starts looking for some controversial material. For this purpose, she ventures out alone in the night into Hyderabad. Unknowingly, Niharika has a pen camera, which happens to capture a secret talk of a politician, which if it could come out, will dismantle his status. He sends his men after her. Niharika in the mean time starts looking at Hyderabad’s dark secrets during the night. She also meets Sivarama Prasad (Jagapathi Babu) who is", "\"Hyderabad Blues 2\"\nHyderabad Blues 2 Hyderabad Blues 2 is a Hindi-English-Telugu language Indian film directed by Nagesh Kukunoor. The film is a sequel to the film \"\"Hyderabad Blues\"\". The story of the sequel takes place 6 years after the action of the first film. After his marriage with Ashwini, Varun decides to stay in India. He starts a Call Centre while Ashwini is contemplating starting her own clinic. Looking at Seema and Sanjeev's family, and after 6 years of marriage, Ashwini wants to have children, but Varun always avoids the topic saying that the two of them are good for each other,", "\"Hyderabad Blues 2\"\nthe Screen Weekly Awards. Hyderabad Blues 2 Hyderabad Blues 2 is a Hindi-English-Telugu language Indian film directed by Nagesh Kukunoor. The film is a sequel to the film \"\"Hyderabad Blues\"\". The story of the sequel takes place 6 years after the action of the first film. After his marriage with Ashwini, Varun decides to stay in India. He starts a Call Centre while Ashwini is contemplating starting her own clinic. Looking at Seema and Sanjeev's family, and after 6 years of marriage, Ashwini wants to have children, but Varun always avoids the topic saying that the two of them are", "\"Amrutham (Telugu serial)\"\nAmrutham (Telugu serial) Amrutham is a sitcom in Telugu. It was produced by Just Yellow Media and was the longest run and most popular Telugu sitcom. Icchapurapu Ksheera Sagara Panchamrutha Rao ( Amrutham, played by Sivaji Raja, Naresh and Harsha Vardhan ) is the main character of the serial. He is a naive, gullible middle-aged man. He owns a restaurant called Amrutha Vilas (renamed to New Amrutha Vilas, New Amrutha Terrace Vilas, Pizza Dhaba and New Amrutha New Vilas at later points in the serial) in Hyderabad. He dreams of making it big with his restaurant business but each \"\"innovative\"\"", "\"Errum Manzil\"\nErrum Manzil \"\"Erra Manzil\"\" or Iram Manzil is an expansive palace standing in Hyderabad, India. It was built around the year 1870 by Nawab Safdar Jung Musheer-ud-daula Fakhrul Mulk, a nobleman of Hyderabad state. It is located on top of a hillock off the Khairatabad - Panjagutta road. The mansion is located atop a hillock known as Erragadda or \"\"red hill\"\" in the native Telugu language. For this reason, nawab Fakhrul Mulk decided to name the new palace \"\"Iram Manzil\"\" (Persian for 'Paradise Mansion'), because the Persian word 'Iram' meaning 'Paradise' sounds like \"\"Erram,\"\" the Telugu word for \"\"red.\"\" He", "\"Big Boss (film)\"\nBig Boss (film) Big Boss is a 1995 Telugu film directed by Vijaya Bapineedu. The film stars Chiranjeevi, Roja, Kota Srinivasa Rao and Madhavi in important roles. The movie starts with a young man Surendra (Chiranjeevi) landing in a town for a job. He witnesses rivalry between two mafia gangs at that place. After a fight with a street goon, he is recognized by one gang and encouraged to become a don. He rents a room in Madhavi's house, who lives with her sister Roja and granny (Nirmalamma). After few routine scenes, Roja falls in love with Surendra and expresses", "\"Aadarsh Balakrishna\"\nSeason 1. Aadarsh Balakrishna Aadarsh Balakrishna is an Indian film actor born on 10 February 1984 in Bangalore. He is primarily known for his negative roles in Telugu films. He is also the runner up of reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu 1\"\". His father, Balakrishna, is a businessman while his mother Uma is a homemaker. He has a younger sister, Apoorva, who is an architect. Aadarsh studied at Sophia High School, Bangalore until Standard 3. His family then moved to Hyderabad where he continued his schooling at Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Public School and St. Andrews High School. He completed", "\"Aadarsh Balakrishna\"\nAadarsh Balakrishna Aadarsh Balakrishna is an Indian film actor born on 10 February 1984 in Bangalore. He is primarily known for his negative roles in Telugu films. He is also the runner up of reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu 1\"\". His father, Balakrishna, is a businessman while his mother Uma is a homemaker. He has a younger sister, Apoorva, who is an architect. Aadarsh studied at Sophia High School, Bangalore until Standard 3. His family then moved to Hyderabad where he continued his schooling at Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Public School and St. Andrews High School. He completed his graduation", "\"Dictator (2016 film)\"\naction drama film began at Ramanaidu Studios in Hyderabad on 29 May 2015. Telugu actress Anjali and Balakrishna will star in this film, to be produced and directed by Sriwass (\"\"Loukyam\"\" fame). In early July 2015, actress Sonal Chauhan was signed as one of the female lead in the film. This movie is the first Telugu film produced by Eros International Media Limited. Regular shooting for this film commenced on 20 July 2015. The lead actor Nandamuri Balakrishna lost 12 Kilograms of weight for the role in this movie. A wonderful set was built in Ramanaidu Studios, Hyderabad for this", "\"Kaushal Manda\"\nKaushal Manda Kaushal Prasad Manda is an Indian actor and model who predominantly works in Tollywood and TV Serials. He is the title winner of Bigg Boss Telugu 2, who won with highest number of votes in entire bigg boss 2 telugu. He appeared in 165 films, 37 serials and has modeled for over 230 advertisements. Kaushal made his debut as a child artist in 1982-1983 with Telugu TV serial Evanni Chedanunchu.. Then He participated in the Grasim Mr. India contest in 1998 and became one of the top 6 finalists in the show. He made a lead role in", "\"Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University\"\nPotti Sreeramulu Telugu University Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University (PSTU) or simply Telugu University, is one of the few Indian language universities in India. It was established as \"\"Telugu University\"\" on 2 December 1985 through an Act of Legislation (Act No. 27 of 1985) by the State Legislature of the-then united Andhra Pradesh with headquarters at Hyderabad and campuses at Sri Sailam and Rajahmundry. The School of Folk and Tribal Lore was established at Warangal during the year 1994. This University was founded with the broad objectives of serving the cause of the Telugu people, both within the State and outside.", "\"BIG Synergy\"\nscripted segment of TV and digital media. Working out of Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Trivandrum, Bangalore and Kolkata, BIG Synergy has produced TV shows in nine languages. Over the years, BIG Synergy has delivered original non-fiction shows such as \"\"Quiz Time\"\", \"\"India Quiz\"\", \"\"A Question of Answers\"\", \"\"Manch Masala\"\", \"\"Style Today\"\", \"\"Eureka\"\", \"\"3-2-1\"\", \"\"Mum Tum aur Hum\"\", \"\"Bollywood Ka Boss\"\", \"\"Khelo Jeeto Jiyo\"\" and \"\"Sports Ka Superstar\"\", as well as international formats such as \"\"Mastermind\"\", \"\"University Challenge\"\", \"\"Kamzor Kadi Kaun\"\", \"\"India's Child Genius\"\", \"\"Bluffmaster\"\", \"\"Heartbeat\"\", \"\"Kya Aap Paanchvi Pass Se Tez Hain\"\", \"\"10 Ka Dum\"\", \"\"India's Got Talent\"\", \"\"Aap Ki", "\"Sravana Bhargavi\"\nSravana Bhargavi Sravana Bhargavi is a South Indian playback singer. She has recorded several songs in Telugu. Ravuri holds a B. Tech degree from Vignan Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad and is currently pursuing M.B.A. Sravana Bhargavi Ravuri got engaged to Singer Vedala Hemachandra on 9 December 2012 in Hyderabad, India and got married to him on 14 February 2013. Bhargavi hosted a show in 92.7 Big FM in Hyderabad, India. She did voice acting for the movies \"\"Love Failure\"\" and \"\"Gabbar Singh\"\". She plays a role of anchor in a show named \"\"Bol Baby Bol\"\" along with her", "\"Sravana Bhargavi\"\nhusband Vedala Hemachandra. The show is telecasted in Gemini TV. She has also performed in show name \"\"super singer\"\" which was telecasted in MAA TV. Sravana Bhargavi Sravana Bhargavi is a South Indian playback singer. She has recorded several songs in Telugu. Ravuri holds a B. Tech degree from Vignan Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad and is currently pursuing M.B.A. Sravana Bhargavi Ravuri got engaged to Singer Vedala Hemachandra on 9 December 2012 in Hyderabad, India and got married to him on 14 February 2013. Bhargavi hosted a show in 92.7 Big FM in Hyderabad, India. She did voice", "\"The Big Boss\"\nseen in the film is the titular big boss's mansion and gardens, which was originally built as a mausoleum. Like the ice factory, it is still in Pak Chong today and remains largely unchanged, much to the delight of the dedicated fans who have made the pilgrimage to Thailand to view the filming locations. There has been some speculation that Bruce was involved in a real fight on the set of The Big Boss, as depicted in the 1993 biopic \"\"\"\". Although no such fight actually took place, Bruce did interact extensively with a local Muay Thai group and exchanged", "\"Geetha Arts\"\ncompany serving small and big producers, all alike.Geetha Film Distributors (GFD), a wholly owned subsidiary of Allu Entertainment Private Limited. Ghajini 2008 was biggest Hit in Geetha Arts distribution which collected domestic nett.The rights of domestic markets were bought for . Geetha Arts Geetha Arts (Telugu: గీతా ఆర్ట్స్) is an Indian film production and distribution company established in 1972 by Allu Aravind, brother-in-law of Chiranjeevi. The company is based in Hyderabad and has produced around 50 films in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Hindi languages. Geetha Arts though came to be known for its big-budget blockbusters, the company marked its beginning", "\"Power (2014 Telugu film)\"\nof Hyderabad, the unit proceeded to Kolkata to start its next schedule of shoot from 6 April. It continued later at a house set in Annapurna Studios where \"\"Manam\"\" was shot. In the end of April, it was reported that the film's shoot would proceed later to Bangkok in the first week of May to shoot a fight sequence. There, a heavy chase sequence was planned to be shot in the supervision of Allan Amin which was said to have costed around 2 crores. In the second week of May, the shooting continued at a police station set in Ramoji", "Chiranjeevi\nhits and led to Chiranjeevi being regarded as the \"\"boss of Telugu cinema\"\". Chiranjeevi's Bollywood performances were appreciated in \"\"Pratibandh\"\" (1990) and \"\"Aaj Ka Goonda Raj\"\". In 1996, he appeared in a guest role in the Kannada film \"\"Sipaayi\"\". For his role in \"\"Aapadbandhavudu\"\" (1992), he received his second Nandi Award for Best Actor and third Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu. The mid-1990s saw a career dip for Chiranjeevi with box office duds such as \"\"Mechanic Alludu\"\", \"\"S. P. Parasuram\"\", \"\"Big Boss\"\" and \"\"Rikshavodu\"\". There were exceptions, such as \"\"Mutha Mestri\"\", which fetched him a fourth Filmfare Award", "\"Hyderabad Blues\"\nprimarily in English and Telugu, with some Hindi spoken as well. In producing the movie, Nagesh Kukunoor invested the money he made from his engineering career in the United States. It was made on a shoe-string budget of Rs. 1.7 million (roughly equivalent to U.S. $ 40,000) and shot in 17 days. Apart from being featured in ten international film festivals, it had theatrical performances that ran for more than six months in Hyderabad, Mumbai, and Bangalore. Kukunoor made a sequel in 2004 called \"\"Hyderabad Blues 2\"\". Hyderabad Blues Hyderabad Blues is a 1998 Indian English Hindi movie directed by", "\"Madan (film director)\"\nMadan (film director) Madan (Ramigani Madan Mohan Reddy alias R R Madan) is a Telugu film writer, director and producer. He was born and brought up in Madanapalle, Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. He has done his graduation from Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi at Annie Besant Theosophical College, Madanapalli. He used to write short stories and direct play-lets during his college days. Later he moved to Hyderabad where the regional Film Industry in Telugu language is located. He worked for 2 years as an assistant cameraman under Mr. S. Gopal Reddy, a popular film cameraman. Later he has worked as", "\"Media in Hyderabad\"\ninaugurated on 23 October 1977. The private satellite channels in Hyderabad were started in July 1992, with the launch of Star TV. Today there are numerous satellite TV channels available in Hyderabad. An estimated 2.5 million households use cable TV in Hyderabad. Doordarshan transmits two terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel from Hyderabad. The Doordarshan Telugu channel, Saptagiri, was the first TV channel launched in Hyderabad in the year 1974. Many private regional television channels began broadcasting from Hyderabad in the following decades. Doordarshan Kendra Hyderabad’s Regional Network in Telugu took on a new identity of \"\"DD Saptagiri\"\" on", "\"World Telugu Conference\"\nMalaysia, and the third in December 1990 in Mauritius. The fourth Telugu conference was held in Tirupati in December 2012. The fifth was held from 15 December 2017 at Hyderabad, celebrating 40 years of World Telugu Conferences. World Telugu Conference The World Telugu Conference (WTC) is a conference for furtherance of the Telugu language. Literary luminaries attend and share their views on spreading and preserving the language and advocating a Telugu language policy Station The first WTC was held in Hyderabad in 1975. The then Minister of Education, Mandali Venkata Krishna Rao, was instrumental in starting it. The singer M.", "\"Swapna (journalist)\"\nregional programming head of BIG FM 92.7. Swapna (journalist) Swapna (born 9 June 1974) is the managing editor of Telugu language news channel Sakshi TV. She is also a Telugu language TV presenter and journalist. She is a well trained performer of carnatic classical vocal and musical instrument. Swapna was born in Hyderabad to Jyotsna, a FM radio presenter known for popular programme JAPA 4. Her maternal grandmother is popular presenter, Radio Bhanumati of All India Radio, Chennai fame and also first woman staff. Swapna started her career in TV anchoring with TV9 (Telugu) did popular shows like Shara Maamule.", "\"Telugu Cinema Charitra\"\nTelugu Cinema Charitra Telugu Cinema Charitra, (English: The History of Telugu Cinema; Telugu: తెలుగు సినిమా చరిత్ర) is a research book on Telugu Cinema History, by film critic, writer and Journalist B. Venkateshwarlu, published in 1997. The book is considered one of the first major studies of Telugu Film Industry between 1912 and 1995. The 'Telugu Cinema Charitra' has published by Nextstep Publications & Entertainments, Hyderabad and marketed by Vishalandra Publishing House, Hyderabad. First published in 1997, it was a keen research covering five major periods: Telugu Cinema in Silent Era (1912–1930) Early Tollywood (1931–1940), Golden Era (1941–1975), Commercial Culture in", "\"Hyderabad Bengali Film Festival\"\nRay and curated by Sandip Ray. Viewers' Choice Awards were: Jury Awards were: The fourth edition of Hyderabad Bengali Film Festival was held from 30 June to 2 July 2017. This year, under a cultural exchange programme, two noted Telugu movies was screened along with eight Bengali movies. The inaugural movie was Tope by noted film maker Buddhadeb Dasgupta which was premiered earlier in Toronto International Film Festival. The festival introduced two Telugu films as the festival aims in offering a platform for culture exchange through cinematic languages. As this year, the iconic Bengali detective character Feluda (created by Satyajit", "\"Public Gardens, Hyderabad\"\nPublic Gardens, Hyderabad Public Gardens also known as Bagh-e-Aam (Urdu: باغ عام) is a historic park located in the heart of the city of Hyderabad, India. It was built in 1846 by the Nizam of Hyderabad and is the oldest park in Hyderabad. Public Gardens also known as \"\"Bagh-e-Aam(Bagheaam) or Bagham. \"\"In Urdu \"\"Bagh\"\" means Garden and Aam or \"\"Aam Jana\"\" means \"\"the public\"\" was built in 1846. during the Nizam' regime. Post-1980 it started being called as Public Gardens. The Telangana State Archaeology Museum, Potti Sriramulu Telugu University, a well known open-air theater \"\"Lalitha Kala Toranam\"\", \"\"Jawahar Bal Bhavan\"\",", "\"Conference of Catholic Bishops of India\"\n(4) Salem, (5) Thanjavur. Chairman: Most Rev. Peter Remigius (Kottar) Secretary: Most Rev. J. Susaimanickam (Sivagangai) 13. The TELUGU CATHOLIC BISHOPS’ COUNCIL (TCBC) comprises all the Bishops of the ecclesiastical provinces of Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam (1) Hyderabad Archdiocese, (2) Cuddapah, (3) Khammam, (4) Kurnool, (5) Nalgonda, (6) Warangal. (1) Visakhapatnam Archdiocese, (2) Eluru, (3) Guntur, (4) Nellore, (5) Srikakulam, (6) Vijayawada. Chairman: Most Rev. Thumma Bala (Hyderabad) Secretary: Most Rev. Anthony Poola (Kurnool) 14. The WESTERN REGIONAL BISHOPS’ COUNCIL comprises all the Bishops of the ecclesiastical provinces of Bombay, Nagpur, Goa and Daman, Gandhinagar. (1) Bombay Archdiocese, (2) Nashik, (3)", "\"Telugu Titans\"\nthe Rajiv gandhi Indoor Stadium, Vizag. Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) is a professional kabaddi league in India, based on the format of the Indian Premier League T20 cricket tournament. The first edition of the tournament was played in 2014 with eight franchises representing various cities in India. In 2014, the Telugu Titans were based in Vizag. For the season in 2015, Telugu Titans changed to be based in Hyderabad. In 2016 in the third season, Telugu titans returned to be based in Vizag. From fourth season in 2017, Telugu titans have been based in Hyderabad. Telugu Titans finished fifth in", "\"Telugu diaspora\"\nTelugus in the US has their origins in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. Since the formation of the State of Andhra Pradesh and before, the Coastal Andhra was far developed than the other two regions of the state. Andhra Bank and State Bank of Hyderabad predominantly regional banks of the state of AP have reported rise in Non Resident Indian deposits over the last decade. The Chilkur Balaji Temple, is sacred place for Visa seekers in the city of Hyderabad. These visa seekers usually plan to go the USA. Telugu diaspora The Telugu Diaspora refers to the Telugu speaking", "Telangana\nThe Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium is the home ground of both Hyderabad cricket team and SunRisers Hyderabad. It hosts international as well as domestic matches. The Hyderabad Hunters, a Premier Badminton League franchise, the Telugu Titans, a Pro Kabaddi League franchise, the Hyderabad Sky, a UBA Pro Basketball League franchise, the Telugu Tigers, a Premier Futsal franchise are also based in Hyderabad. Hyderabad Hunters won the Premier Badminton League title once. Notable sports persons from the state are Mohammad Azharuddin, V. V. S. Laxman, Mithali Raj, Pragyan Ojha, Saina Nehwal, P.V. Sindhu, Jwala Gutta, Parupalli Kashyap, Gagan Narang, Mukesh", "\"Andhra Mahasabha\"\nAndhra Mahasabha Andhra Mahasabha (Telugu: ఆంధ్ర మహాసభ, IAST: \"\"Āndhra mahāsabha\"\") was a people's organisation in the erstwhile Hyderabad state of India. Started under the name Andhra Janasangham (Andhra People's Society) in 1921, the Andhra Mahasabha spearheaded people's awareness and people's movements among the Telugu-speaking populace of the state and eventually joined hands with the Communist Party of India to launch the Telangana movement. There was an increase in political and cultural awareness among people of Hyderabad State at the end of 19th century. A triggering incident that led to the kindling of Telugu people's self-respect in Hyderabad state occurred on", "\"Telugu language\"\nespecially Hyderabad State. The effect is also evident in the prose of the early 19th century, as in the \"\"Kaifiyats\"\". In the princely Hyderabad State, the Andhra Mahasabha was started in 1921 with the main intention of promoting Telugu language, literature, its books and historical research led by Madapati Hanumantha Rao (the founder of the Andhra Mahasabha), Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rao (Founder of Library Movement in Hyderabad State), Suravaram Pratapa Reddy and others. The 16th-century Venetian explorer Niccolò de' Conti, who visited the Vijayanagara Empire, found that the words in the Telugu language end with vowels, just like those in", "\"Telugu Desam Party\"\nTelugu Desam Party Telugu Desam Party (translation: \"\"Party of the Telugu Land\"\"), abbreviated as TDP, is a regional political party active in the Southern States of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The party was founded by N. T. Rama Rao on 29 March 1982. Since 1995, the party is headed by N. Chandrababu Naidu, the incumbent Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. The party's headquarters is located at NTR Bhavan in Hyderabad. N. T. Rama Rao became the 10th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in 1983, within nine months of the party's formation, thus forming the first non-Congress government in Andhra Pradesh.", "\"The Big Boss\"\nits use of the Pink Floyd music cues from \"\"The Grand Vizier's Garden Party, Part 2\"\", \"\"Time\"\" and \"\"Obscured by Clouds\"\", as well as King Crimson's \"\"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Part Two\"\". Various Bruce Lee biopics have been filmed over the years, with the two most famous being \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". Both of these films feature their respective actors, Bruce Li and Jason Scott Lee, at one point acting as Lee on the set of \"\"The Big Boss\"\". Both films feature a variation of the rumour that Lee was challenged on the set by a Thai boxer. In \"\"Myth\"\", Lee", "\"Power (2014 Telugu film)\"\nis \"\"Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara\"\". It was choreographed by Vishnu Deva and the song was shot for five days. Later the film's shoot continued in Kolkata and Nagpur for a month. After shooting for a couple of weeks in Hyderabad and Bangalore, it was reported that the unit would proceed to Bangkok to shoot some action sequences. Meanwhile, the film's shoot continued in Hyderabad till Mid March and the next schedule started in Chennai from 17 March. After the team returned from Chennai, Regina joined the sets of the film on 25 March in Hyderabad. After completing shoot in locales", "\"Nani (actor)\"\n(2015), \"\"Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha\"\" (2016), \"\"Gentleman\"\" (2016), \"\"Nenu Local\"\" (2017), \"\"Ninnu Kori\"\" (2017), and \"\"MCA (Middle Class Abbayi)\"\" (2017), some of which rank among the List of highest-grossing Telugu films. In 2013, Nani produced his first film \"\"D for Dopidi\"\", which became a commercial success at the box office. In 2018, his second production venture \"\"Awe\"\", was also commercially and critically successful. In 2018, Nani began his television career and hosted \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu 2\"\", the second season of the popular reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss\"\" in Telugu. The second season began airing on 10 June 2018 and", "\"Veluri Venkata Krishna Sastry\"\nHyderabad Urban Development Authority, Chief Compiler in the Telugu Encyclopedia Revision committee of the Telugu University. He is also the President of the Historical Society of Hyderabad. In 2002 Sastry received the Eminent Citizen Award as an \"\"Outstanding Archaeologist\"\" by the Sanatana Dharma Charitable Trust, Hyderabad. He was awarded the Title of \"\"Esasvi\"\" by the Helapuri Fort Group Eluru, West Godavary, Andhra Pradesh. Sastry's book \"\"Proto Historical Cultures of Andhra Pradesh\"\" was published in 1982. His book in Telugu entitled \"\"Bharatiya Samskruti Puratatva Parisodhanalu\"\" written as a dialogue between grandfather and grandson described by a journal as the ‘Puratatvopanishad’ was", "\"Hyderabad district, India\"\nwhere Muslims and Hindus live in Harmony and unity. Hyderabad district was formed in 1948 after brutal Police Action of government of India by merging Atraf-a-Balda District and Baghat District. Baghat was previously a Taluk in Atraf-e-Balda District, and was made a separate district in 1931-34 under the subedar of Medak division. After formation of Andhra Pradesh by merging Telugu speaking of Hyderabad state in 1956 Hyderabad district boundary was altered Tandur Taluka which is Telugu speaking region of Gulbarga district was merged in Hyderabad district and Parigi Taluka of Mahabubnagar district and Vikarabad Taluka of Medak District also merged", "\"N. T. Rama Rao Jr.\"\nJr. NTR is also involved in politics and is currently an active member of his paternal grandfather's political party, the Telugu Desam Party. Rama Rao Jr. was born on 20 May 1983 in Hyderabad to Telugu film actor and politician Nandamuri Harikrishna and Shalini Bhaskar Rao. He is the grandson of Telugu actor and former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh N. T. Rama Rao. He did his schooling at Vidyaranya High School, Hyderabad, and completed his Intermediate education at St. Mary's College, Hyderabad. He is a trained Kuchipudi dancer. He is the half-brother of actor and producer, Nandamuri Kalyan Ram,", "Annamacharya\nDevasthanams scholarship in 1976 to study and set a trend for the propagation of Annamacharya's compositions, and was also chosen as the first exclusive artiste for the propagation of Annamacharya's compositions in 1978. Her first audio album, \"\"\"\"Vēnkatēśvara Gīta Mālika\"\"\"\" is globally popular among Telugu community. She is the founder of Annamacharya Bhavana Vahini (ABV) in 1983, which is located in Hyderabad, India. She has been awarded Padmashri by Government of India, in 2010 in recognition of her efforts to promote Annamayya Compositions. In 1994, reputed Bharathanatyam artist Parvathi Ravi Ghantasala, and the daughter in law of the legenday singer", "\"Matrusri Nagar, Miyapur, Hyderabad\"\nhigh-density traffic corridor. Industrial facilities include IT, pharmaceutical, apparel and industrial development areas. It is strategically located on NH9, the Pune-Hyderabad-Machilipatnam highway. Contributing to the growth are connectivity via the Miyapur-Gachibowli and Miyapur-Kompally intermediate ring roads,[15] and developments like the Hyderabad Metro and ICBT. Telugu is the Local Language here. HOW TO REACH Matrusri Nagar By Rail Hafizpeta Railway station, Chandanagar Railway station are the nearby railway stations to Matrusri Nagar. Hyderabad Deccan Railway station is the major railway station which is about 16 km near to Matrusri Nagar Local Bus Hafeezpet Bus Station, Miyapur Bus Station, Miyapur cross Roads", "\"2016 Indian Premier League Final\"\na dream start by skipper David Warner and Shikhar Dhawan by showing their intent early on scoring very big on a ground where tall scores have been chased down nonchalantly. The Australian opener was on fire and smashed 69 off 38 balls and set the platform for Hyderabad's win. Yuvraj Singh, who came in at 97/2 in 10th over, sustained Hyderabad's momentum with his free flowing bat-swing. He raced to 38 with four fours and two sixes before falling to Jordan's slower ball. Ben Cutting provided final push in Hyderabad's score clobbering low full-tosses and attempted yorkers of Shane Watson", "\"Jai Lava Kusa\"\nto the cast to play a special cameo while Hamsa Nandini was signed to play a character in the movie. Priyadarshi Pullikonda confirmed his inclusion in the movie and stated that he shot for three days. Bollywood actor Ronit Roy, who has aced negative roles in films like \"\"Kaabil\"\" and \"\"Boss\"\", has been roped in to play the main antagonist marking his debut in the Telugu film industry. Anil Paduri of \"\"Advitha Creative Studios\"\" supervised the VFX for the movie. A. S. Prakash is the art director for the movie. The film was formally launched in Hyderabad on 10 February", "\"Anjaneyulu (film)\"\nAnjaneyulu (film) Anjaneyulu () is a 2009 Telugu action film that stars Ravi Teja and Nayantara in the lead roles, while actors Prakash Raj and Sonu Sood play a pivotal roles. Directed by Parasuram, and with music by Thaman, produced by Bandla Ganesh, the film was released on 14 August 2009. It was dubbed into Hindi as Sher Dil (2010). The Tamil dubbed version titled Adhiradi Arjun was released in Chennai on 29 July 2016. Employed with HMTV, Anjaneyulu lives in Hyderabad and is in constant touch with his retired father Krishnamurthy and mother. His boss Sudarshan Babu hires a", "Secunderabad\nis an arterial road and the main thoroughfare connecting Secunderabad with Hyderabad. Maximum speed limits within the city are for two-wheelers and cars, for auto rickshaws and for light commercial vehicles and buses. The nearest airport is Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad, Begumpet Airport having closed in 2008. Schools in Secunderabad, similar to other schools in Hyderabad and other parts of Telangana follow a 10+2+3 plan. Schools are a mix of publicly and privately run institutions, with two-thirds of students in private schools. Languages of instruction include English, Hindi, Urdu, and Telugu. Depending on the institution students are studying", "\"Krishna Nagar, Hyderabad\"\nin this suburb. The buses run by TSRTC connect Krishna nagar to all parts of the city. Bus numbers 9c,9y etc. run through this neighbourhood. There is also a mini-bus service called as Setwin service. The closest MMTS Train station is at Begumpet. Krishna Nagar, Hyderabad Sri Krishna Nagar is an important commercial & residential area in the west zone of Hyderabad, India. It is adjacent to Jubilee Hills Rd #2 and is well connected to all parts of the city. This is now a bustling suburb, especially for people working in the Telugu film industry, and also to software", "\"Power (2014 Telugu film)\"\nnext schedule started on 23 June at Hyderabad. After a silent shoot at Hyderabad, the song \"\"Nuvvu Nenu Janta\"\" was shot on Ravi Teja and Hansika at Bulgaria in the second week of July 2014. The pre-planned Bangkok chase schedule started on 22 July 2014 and lasted for 10 days. On 28 July 2014 a car blast happened in the film's sets while shooting an action sequence at a forest area situated 100 kilometers away from Pattaya. Luckily, none were injured and the shooting schedule completed on that day. Hansika cut short her vacation to join the film's sets for", "\"Aziz Naser\"\nAziz Naser Aziz Naser (original name: Aziz Janbaz) is an Indian actor, writer and director from Hyderabad. Came to fame with all time critically acclaimed Hyderabadi films \"\"The Angrez\"\" & \"\"Hyderabad Nawabs\"\". He is also well known as the voice of Tollywood. Apart from Hindi and English voiceovers, he gave his voice for Sonu Sood, Nana Patekar, Kelly Dorjee, Aditya Pancholi, Rahul Dev and many Bollywood actors who featured in Telugu films. He presently lives in Hyderabad. Filmography: He has worked in more than 35 films in Deccani, Hindi, Telugu and Marathi. In 2015 he made his telugu debut in", "Boduppal\nBoduppal Boduppal is a town in Medchal District of the Indian state of Telangana State. Comes under Medipally Mandal. It is located at the eastern end of the city spread between Nacharam-Mallapur Road and Warangal Highway NH 163. Due to its proximity to Secunderabad and Eastern IT/SEZ of Hyderabad Pocharam it is emerging as a major residential location in Hyderabad. Boduppal municipality is the civic body of the town. On 11 April 2016, the gram panchayats of Boduppal, Chengicherla were merged to form Boduppal Municipality. Telugu is the Local Language here. Total population of Boduppal (CT) is 43,692 according to", "\"Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956\"\nfor Rayalaseema in return for their willingness to join Andhra State. This unbinding pact was largely forgotten probably because of the large political representation the region has had in the state governments since independence. When the Hyderabad State led by the Nizam of Hyderabad was invaded by India in Operation Polo, there was a debate in the Telugu-speaking districts of the Hyderabad State (1948–56) (also known as Telangana), on whether to join the newly formed Andhra State, carved out of Telugu speaking districts of Madras state. Hyderabad Chief minister in his said that Communist parties supported the merger for their", "\"Demographics of Hyderabad\"\nduring Muslim rule, but which declined after the inception of Hyderabad State into the Indian Union. Telugu and Urdu are the official languages of Hyderabad, while English is commonly used. Telugu in Hyderabad has a varied dialect called the Telangana dialect, and the Urdu spoken in the city is called Deccani Urdu. A significant population of the city speaks different languages such as Hindi, Marathi,Odia, Bengali, Kannada, Tamil and Malayalam. Though Hindus form a majority of the population, Muslims have substantial presence across the city and are predominant in and around Old City. The other religious communities are French-speaking Christian,", "Hyderabad\nstarting operations in 1998. In 2015, high-speed public WiFi was introduced in parts of the city. Public and private schools in Hyderabad are governed by the Central Board of Secondary Education and follow a \"\"10+2+3\"\" plan. About two-thirds of pupils attend privately run institutions. Languages of instruction include English, Hindi, Telugu and Urdu. Depending on the institution, students are required to sit the Secondary School Certificate or the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education. After completing secondary education, students enroll in schools or junior colleges with a higher secondary facility. Admission to professional graduation colleges in Hyderabad, many of which are", "\"Mithai ( 2018 )\"\nReddy Vanga on January 14th, 2018. Shooting began on February 17th, 2018. The film was made with a budget of 2 crores in four schedules spanning 55 days of shooting. The trailer was released on October 15th, 2018. Mithai ( 2018 ) Mithai is a 2018 Telugu dark comedy film directed and produced by Prashant Kumar, starring Rahul Ramakrishna and Priyadarshi Pullikonda. It is a dark comedy set in the backdrop of Hyderabad where the city is a part of narrative. Sai(Rahul Ramakrishna) is a low rung techie in his mid-twenties but unlike a typical brainy computer geek, he is", "\"Kick 2\"\nThe principal photography started on 20 August 2014. Later, Telugu Film Industry Employees Federation served a strike notice to the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce demanding a 100% raise in their wages. The secretary of the Chamber held talks with them and it was reported that if they fail, the shootings of many films including this film would be halted. The filming continued after the strike was called off and few scenes on Ravi Teja and Rajpal Yadav were shot in Hyderabad in late November 2014. A Rajasthan village set costing 20 million was erected near Rajendra Nagar in", "Telangana\nare from other regions. The religious makeup of Telangana is about 85.1% Hindu, 12.7% Muslim, and 1.3% Christian, and 0.9% others. Telugu is the official language of Telangana and Urdu is the second official language of the state. About 77% of the population of Telangana speak Telugu, 12% speak Urdu, and 13% speak other languages. Before 1948, Urdu was the official language of Hyderabad State, and due to a lack of Telugu-language educational institutions, Urdu was the language of the educated elite of Telangana. After 1948, once Hyderabad State joined the new Republic of India, Telugu became the language of", "\"Nagaram Nidrapotunna Vela\"\na drunkard with a good heart, and along with him tries to solve the political problem. How things turn completely against her and how she overcomes the difficulties form the rest of the story. Music composed by Yasho Krishna. Music released on ADITYA Music Company. Nagaram Nidrapotunna Vela Niharika (Charmee Kaur) is a young journalist working in a Telugu News Channel. After being chided by her boss for bringing ‘boring’ news, she starts looking for some controversial material. For this purpose, she ventures out alone in the night into Hyderabad. Unknowingly, Niharika has a pen camera, which happens to capture", "\"Maganti Ramji\"\nMaganti Ramji Maganti Ramji Also Known Maganti Ram Chandran Or M.K.S.R.C.Chowdary Is The Youngest Producer Of Telugu Film Industry Till Date . His Production House Name Is PADMINI ARTS . Maganti Ramji Was Born On 15 February 1984 In Eluru, West Godavari District To The Couple Maganti Venkateswara Rao ( Maganti Babu ) And Padmavalli Devi . Elder Son Of Maganti Babu, A Noted Politician (Ex-Minister, MP, Ex-MLA) And Noted Telugu Film Producer (For Telugu Films Like Big Boss, Manoharam, Pellaina Kotthalo, Thali, Pranam, Alludu Garu Vacharu And Other Films). Grand Son Of Late Maganti Ravindranath Chowdary, A Noted Politician", "\"Cinema of India\"\nRahman work in Tamil cinema. Art film directors include Santosh Sivan. India's greatest number of theatres are located in Andhra Pradesh / Telangana and feature films in Telugu. As of 2018, it is the third largest film industry in India after Bollywood and Kollywood in terms of box office collections and footfalls, and in terms of number of theatrical releases. . Ramoji Film City, which holds the Guinness World Record for the world's largest film production facility, is located in Hyderabad. The Prasad IMAX in Hyderabad is the world's largest 3D IMAX screen and is the world's most viewed screen.", "\"Siva Balaji\"\nSeptember 2017. Post the success and popularity of Bigg Boss, he has returned to lead roles in films, marked by his film in 2017 \"\"Snehamera Jeevitham\"\", and has also appeared in dance show \"\"Neethone Dance\"\". He is all set to star in a multistarrer in 2018 with Navdeep once again after \"\"Chandamama\"\" and appearing in Bigg Boss Telugu together. Siva Balaji Siva Balaji (born as Siva Balaji Manoharan on 14 October 1980) is an Indian actor, television personality, and producer who is known for his works in the Telugu Film Industry, as well as a few Tamil films. He was", "\"Nani (actor)\"\nApril 2018. This movie was Nani's first failure after 8 consecutive successes at the box office. In June 2018, Nani also started hosting the reality TV show \"\"Bigg Boss Telugu 2.\"\" His next release was \"\"Devadas\"\", a comedy multistarrer in which he played the role of a doctor, was released on September 27th of 2018. He starred alongside star actor Akkineni Nagarjuna, who was a don. It was a flop at the box office due to the relatively big budget. His upcoming project is a sports drama titled \"\"Jersey\"\", which is has started rolling on October 19th, which Nani announced", "\"Big Brother 2 (UK)\"\nremoved the intruders from the house immediately. The intrusion led to more security being put on the house. Some controversy also affected the Housemates personal lives. Penny, who was a teacher before entering the house, reportedly upset her boss, who felt her showering nude in the house \"\"set a bad example for her pupils.\"\" Big Brother 2 (UK) Big Brother 2001, also known as Big Brother 2, was the second series of the British reality television series \"\"Big Brother\"\". The show followed eleven contestants, known as housemates, who were isolated from the outside world for an extended period of time", "Telangana\nfrom Chennai to Hyderabad. The Telugu film industry is the second-largest film industry in India next to Bollywood Film Industry and followed by Tamil film industry Kollywood). In the years 2005, 2006 and 2008 the Telugu film industry produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood. The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world. Kuntala Waterfall () located in Kuntala, Adilabad district, is the highest waterfall in the state. Bogatha Waterfall is waterfall located in Koyaveerapuram G, Wazeedu Mandal, Jayashankar Bhupalpally district, Telangana. It", "Sadasivanagar\nare Telugu, Hindi, Urdu and English. Telugu is the native language for most residents. The main occupation for many people is agriculture. Sugarcane, Paddy, Soya, and corn are the primary crops. Sadasivanagar Sadasivanagar is a village and a Mandal in Nizamabad district in the state of Telangana in India. Every year, celebrates Sri kashi Vishweshwara Swamy Kalyanam, Shiva rathri, Sri Krishna ashtami, Hanuman Jayanthi and Datta Jayanthi. Which is located between Kamareddy and Nizamabad. Sadashivanagar is located at Coordinates:. It is 120 km from the state capital of Hyderabad, 12 km from district headquarter Kamareddy. However, Sadashivanagar comes under the", "\"Solid Snake\"\n2\"\" design was at the bottom of the worst game character makeovers list by \"\"GamePro\"\", condemning his conversion in hairstyle in comparison to his \"\"Metal Gear Solid\"\" design, and was also at the top of IGN's list of the worst video game haircuts. Before \"\"\"\", the character was thought to be the game's protagonist because of his physical resemblances with Naked Snake. However, later previews speculated how was it impossible for Solid Snake to be in the game's settings, leading to the conclusion it was a young incarnation of Big Boss. A comparison between Solid Snake's and Big Boss's characters", "\"Ramoji Film City\"\npermanent sets ranging from railway stations to temples. Ramoji Film City The Ramoji Film City in India is located in Hyderabad. Spread over 1666 acres, it is the largest integrated film city in Telangana and has been certified by the Guinness World Records as the largest studio complex in the world. It was built by Telugu film producer Ramoji Rao in 1996. It is also a popular tourism and recreation centre, containing natural and artificial attractions including an amusement park. Around 1.5 million tourists visit the place every year. The film city is the brainchild of film producer Ramoji Rao,", "\"Tejaswi Madivada\"\nHyderabad Public School and Nasr School for Girls. She participated at Miss Dabur Gulabari 2011, a beauty pageant, where she was the second runner-up and which reportedly got her first film offer.She later appeared as a contestant in Television show Bigg Boss in 2018. She made her acting debut in 2013 with a supporting role in the Telugu family drama film \"\"Seethamma Vaakitlo Sirimalle Chettu\"\". Next year she was seen in further supporting roles in \"\"Manam\"\" and in Nithin's \"\"Heart Attack\"\", before landing her first lead role in Ram Gopal Varma's horror film \"\"Ice Cream\"\". The film made the headlines" ]

[ true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "1971" ]

[ "\"Civil Peace\"\nwhen all of his money is stolen by thieves. Much of Chinua Achebe's literature was inspired by the events of the Biafran War and by the responses to a war that, for many Igbo writers, was a struggle for survival, a search for a new beginning for Africa, and a redefinition of Black identity in the context of a complex world behavior. A leading novelist at the time, Chinua Achebe was a pioneer in post-war Igbo literary activities. Achebe maintained Achebe does not hide the fact that the Biafran situation has affected his creativity in no small way. Civil Peace", "\"Civil Peace\"\nCivil Peace \"\"Civil Peace\"\" is a 1971 short story by Chinua Achebe. It is about the effects of the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) on the people, and the \"\"civil peace\"\" that followed. The story starts off in eastern Nigeria after the civil war has ended. The protagonist, Jonathan Iwegbu, was able to keep his bicycle, which he turns into a taxi to make money. In two weeks he makes 150 pounds. Jonathan then travels to Enugu to search for his home, and to his surprise it is still standing when other structures around it are demolished. The house needs some", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nDarkness\"\"\"\" featured a famous criticism of Joseph Conrad as \"\"a thoroughgoing racist\"\"; it was later published in \"\"The Massachusetts Review\"\" amid some controversy. When the region of Biafra broke away from Nigeria in 1967, Achebe became a supporter of Biafran independence and acted as ambassador for the people of the new nation. The civil war that took place over the territory, commonly known as the Biafran War, ravaged the populace, and as starvation and violence took its toll, he appealed to the people of Europe and the Americas for aid. When the Nigerian government retook the region in 1970, he", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nfor new realities and societies\"\"; and South African writer Nadine Gordimer, who said Achebe has achieved \"\"what one of his characters brilliantly defines as the writer's purpose: 'a new-found utterance' for the capture of life's complexity\"\". In 2010, Achebe was awarded The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize for $300,000, one of the richest prizes for the arts. In October 2012, Achebe's publishers, Penguin Books, released \"\"There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra\"\". Publication immediately caused a stir and re-opened the discussion about the Nigerian Civil War. It would prove to be the last publication during his lifetime. Fondly", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nHe also published a number of short stories, children's books, and essay collections. Upon his return to the United States in 1990, he began an eighteen-year tenure at Bard College as the Charles P. Stevenson Professor of Languages and Literature. From 2009 until his death, he served as David and Marianna Fisher University Professor and Professor of Africana Studies at Brown University. Chinua Achebe was born on 16 November 1930. Achebe's parents, Isaiah Okafo Achebe and Janet Anaenechi Iloegbunam, were converts to the Protestant Church Mission Society (CMS) in Nigeria. The elder Achebe stopped practicing the religion of his ancestors,", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nwith that.\"\" On 16 November 2017, Google showed a Doodle in Nigeria and the U.S. for Chinua Achebe's 87th birthday. Novels Short stories Poetry Essays, criticism, non-fiction and political commentary Children's books Chinua Achebe Chinua Achebe (; born Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe, 16 November 1930 – 21 March 2013) was a Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" (1958), often considered his best, is the most widely read book in modern African literature. He won the Man Booker International Prize in 2007. Raised by his parents in the Igbo town of Ogidi in southeastern Nigeria, Achebe", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nof Igbo objects excavated from the area by archaeologist Thurstan Shaw; Achebe was startled by the cultural sophistication of the artifacts. When an acquaintance showed him a series of papers from colonial officers (not unlike the fictional \"\"Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger\"\" referenced at the end of \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\"), Achebe combined these strands of history and began work on \"\"Arrow of God\"\" in earnest. Like Achebe's previous works, \"\"Arrow\"\" was roundly praised by critics. A revised edition was published in 1974 to correct what Achebe called \"\"certain structural weaknesses\"\". In a letter written to Achebe,", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nChinua Achebe Chinua Achebe (; born Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe, 16 November 1930 – 21 March 2013) was a Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" (1958), often considered his best, is the most widely read book in modern African literature. He won the Man Booker International Prize in 2007. Raised by his parents in the Igbo town of Ogidi in southeastern Nigeria, Achebe excelled at school and won a scholarship to study medicine, but changed his studies to English literature at University College (now the University of Ibadan). He became fascinated with world religions and", "\"Helon Habila\"\ninvited by Chinua Achebe to become the first Chinua Achebe Fellow at Bard College, NY, where he spent a year writing and teaching, remaining in the US as a professor of Creative Writing at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. In 2006 he co-edited the British Council anthology \"\"New Writing 14\"\". His second novel, \"\"Measuring Time\"\", published in 2007, was nominated for the Hurston-Wright Legacy Award, the IMPAC Prize, and in 2008 won the Virginia Library Foundation Prize for fiction. His third novel, \"\"Oil on Water\"\", which deals with environmental pollution in the oil-rich Nigerian Delta, was published in 2010,", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nAugustine gave up money for a trip home from his job as a civil servant so Chinua could continue his studies. From its inception, the university had a strong Arts faculty; it includes many famous writers amongst its alumni. These include Nobel Laureate Wole Soyinka, poet and playwright John Pepper Clark, and poet Christopher Okigbo. Elechi Amadi is also another famous writer who studied at the university in the 1950s, although he was in the faculty of sciences. In 1950 Achebe wrote a piece for the \"\"University Herald\"\" entitled \"\"Polar Undergraduate\"\", his debut as an author. It used irony and", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nand the River\"\", to address some of these concerns. After the Biafran War, the Achebes had another daughter on 7 March 1970, named Nwando. In 1960, while they were still dating, Achebe dedicated to Christie Okoli his second novel, \"\"No Longer at Ease\"\", about a civil servant who is embroiled in the corruption of Lagos. The protagonist is Obi, grandson of \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\"'s main character, Okonkwo. Drawing on his time in the city, Achebe writes about Obi's experiences in Lagos to reflect the challenges facing a new generation on the threshold of Nigerian independence. Obi is trapped between the", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nbut he respected its traditions. Achebe's unabbreviated name, Chinualumogu (\"\"May God fight on my behalf\"\"), was a prayer for divine protection and stability. His first novel is \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" (1958), \"\"Anthills of Savannah\"\"(1987), and his last \"\"There Was a Country\"\" originally published in (2012). The Achebe family had five other surviving children, named in a similar fusion of traditional words relating to their new religion: Frank Okwuofu, John Chukwuemeka Ifeanyichukwu, Zinobia Uzoma, Augustine Ndubisi, and Grace Nwanneka. Achebe was born Albert Chinualumogu Achebe in the Igbo village of Ogidi on 16 November 1930. Isaiah Okafo Achebe and Janet Anaenechi", "\"Things Fall Apart\"\nby the Nigerian Television Authority. It starred several established film actors, including Pete Edochie, Nkem Owoh and Sam Loco Efe. In 1999, the American hip-hop band The Roots released their fourth studio album \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" as a tribute to Chinua Achebe's novel. In 2008, a film adaptation of \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" was made by a Nigerian production company with an all-Nigerian cast. Pete Edochie starred as Okonkwo. Things Fall Apart Things Fall Apart is a novel written by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. Published in 1958, its story chronicles pre-colonial life in the south-eastern part of Nigeria and the arrival", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nfirst novel in English which spoke from the interior of the African character, rather than portraying the African as an exotic, as the white man would see him.\"\" In the same year \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" was published, Achebe was promoted at the NBS and put in charge of the network's eastern region coverage. He moved to Enugu and began to work on his administrative duties. There he met a woman named Christiana Chinwe (Christie) Okoli, who had grown up in the area and joined the NBS staff when he arrived. They first conversed when she brought to his attention a", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nHeinemann. During the war, relations between writers in Nigeria and Biafra were strained. Achebe and John Pepper Clark had a tense confrontation in London over their respective support for opposing sides of the conflict. Achebe demanded that the publisher withdraw the dedication of \"\"A Man of the People\"\" he had given to Clark. Years later, their friendship healed and the dedication was restored. Meanwhile, their contemporary Wole Soyinka was imprisoned for meeting with Biafran officials, and spent two years in jail. Speaking in 1968, Achebe said: \"\"I find the Nigerian situation untenable. If I had been a Nigerian, I think", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nfrom African writers. Hill indicated this was to remedy a situation where British publishers \"\"regarded West Africa only as a place where you sold books.\"\" Achebe was chosen to be General Editor of the African Writers Series, which became a significant force in bringing postcolonial literature from Africa to the rest of the world, and he continued in that role until 1972. As these works became more widely available, reviews and essays about African literature – especially from Europe – began to flourish. Bristling against the commentary flooding his home country, Achebe published an essay entitled \"\"Where Angels Fear to", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nmanuscript. Phelps responded with great enthusiasm, asking Achebe if he could show it to his editor and publishers. Achebe declined, insisting that it needed more work. Back in Nigeria, Achebe set to work revising and editing his novel (now titled \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\", after a line in the poem \"\"The Second Coming\"\" by W. B. Yeats). He cut away the second and third sections of the book, leaving only the story of a yam farmer named Okonkwo who lives during the colonization of Nigeria. He added sections, improved various chapters, and restructured the prose. By 1957, he had sculpted it", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nsoutheast, part of the region which would later secede. Once the family had resettled in Enugu, Achebe and his friend Christopher Okigbo started a publishing house called Citadel Press, to improve the quality and increase the quantity of literature available to younger readers. One of its first submissions was a story called \"\"How the Dog was Domesticated\"\", which Achebe revised and rewrote, turning it into a complex allegory for the country's political tumult. Its final title was \"\"How the Leopard Got His Claws\"\". Years later a Nigerian intelligence officer told Achebe, \"\"of all the things that came out of Biafra,", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nand stories of other attacks on Igbo Nigerians began to filter into Lagos. The ending of his novel had brought Achebe to the attention of military personnel, who suspected him of having foreknowledge of the coup. When he received word of the pursuit, he sent his wife (who was pregnant) and children on a squalid boat through a series of unseen creeks to the Igbo stronghold of Port Harcourt. They arrived safely, but Christie suffered a miscarriage at the journey's end. Chinua rejoined them soon afterwards in Ogidi. These cities were safe from military incursion because they were in the", "\"Anthills of the Savannah\"\nof Sam and finally the murder of Chris. The book ends with a non-traditional naming ceremony for Elewa and Ikem's month-old daughter, organized by Beatrice. The novel was well received by critics. Charles Johnson, writing for the Washington Post, praised the book, but faulted Achebe for failing to fully flesh out his characters. Nadine Gordimer praised the book's humor, particularly when contrasted against what she called the \"\"horror\"\" contrasted against it. Anthills of the Savannah Anthills of the Savannah is a 1987 novel by Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe. It was his fifth novel, first published in the UK 21 years", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nand communication. However, as their relationship matured, husband and wife made efforts to adapt to one another. Their first child, a daughter named Chinelo, was born on 11 July 1962. They had a son, Ikechukwu, on 3 December 1964, and another boy named Chidi, on 24 May 1967. When the children began attending school in Lagos, their parents became worried about the world view – especially with regard to race – expressed at the school, especially through the mostly white teachers and books that presented a prejudiced view of African life. In 1966, Achebe published his first children's book, \"\"Chike", "\"Chike and the River\"\nRiver, and connect with Chike as if he is their own sibling. The brilliance of Mr. Achebe’s prose is his ability to make a reader feel like an omniscient sprite on Chike’s shoulder: along for the ride and privy to all that he senses and sees.\"\" Chike and the River Chike and the River is a children's story by Chinua Achebe. It was first published in 1966 by Cambridge University Press, with illustrations by Prue Theobalds, and was the first of several children's stories Achebe would write. It is the story of a Nigerian boy called Chike who leaves his", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nbooks – including a prose adaptation of \"\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\"\" (c. 1590) and an Igbo version of \"\"The Pilgrim's Progress\"\" (1678). Chinua also eagerly anticipated traditional village events, like the frequent masquerade ceremonies, which he recreated later in his novels and stories. In 1936, Achebe entered St Philips' Central School. Despite his protests, he spent a week in the religious class for young children, but was quickly moved to a higher class when the school's chaplain took note of his intelligence. One teacher described him as the student with the best handwriting in class, and the best reading skills.", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nquestion\"\", and that scholars would do well to wait until a body of work were large enough to judge. Writing about the conference in several journals, Achebe hailed it as a milestone for the literature of Africa, and highlighted the importance of community among isolated voices on the continent and beyond. While at Makerere, Achebe was asked to read a novel written by a student (James Ngugi, later known as Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o) called \"\"Weep Not, Child\"\". Impressed, he sent it to Alan Hill at Heinemann, which published it two years later to coincide with its paperback line of books", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nmeet each other, finally, if I must say so, after something like 400 years.\"\" In 1982, Achebe retired from the University of Nigeria. He devoted more time to editing \"\"Okike\"\" and became active with the left-leaning People's Redemption Party (PRP). In 1983, he became the party's deputy national vice-president. He published a book called \"\"The Trouble with Nigeria\"\" to coincide with the upcoming elections. On the first page, Achebe says bluntly: \"\"the Nigerian problem is the unwillingness or inability of its leaders to rise to the responsibility and to the challenge of personal example which are the hallmarks of true", "\"Joseph Conrad\"\nDostoyevsky's \"\"Crime and Punishment\"\". In 1975 the Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe published an essay, \"\"\"\", which provoked controversy by calling Conrad a \"\"thoroughgoing racist\"\". Achebe's view was that \"\"Heart of Darkness\"\" cannot be considered a great work of art because it is \"\"a novel which celebrates... dehumanisation, which depersonalises a portion of the human race.\"\" Referring to Conrad as a \"\"talented, tormented man\"\", Achebe notes that Conrad (via the protagonist, Charles Marlow) reduces and degrades Africans to \"\"limbs\"\", \"\"angles\"\", \"\"glistening white eyeballs\"\", etc. while simultaneously (and fearfully) suspecting a common kinship between himself and these natives—leading Marlow to sneer the", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\n1952 Nobel Peace Prize laureate: \"\"That extraordinary missionary, Albert Schweitzer, who sacrificed brilliant careers in music and theology in Europe for a life of service to Africans in much the same area as Conrad writes about, epitomizes the ambivalence. In a comment which has often been quoted Schweitzer says: 'The African is indeed my brother but my junior brother.' And so he proceeded to build a hospital appropriate to the needs of junior brothers with standards of hygiene reminiscent of medical practice in the days before the germ theory of disease came into being.\"\" Some were surprised that Achebe would", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\npay discrepancy; a friend of hers found that, although they had been hired simultaneously, Christie had been rated lower and offered a lower wage. Sent to the hospital for an appendectomy soon after, she was pleasantly surprised when Achebe visited her with gifts and magazines. Achebe and Okoli grew closer in the following years, and on 10 September 1961 they were married in the Chapel of Resurrection on the campus of the University of Ibadan. Christie Achebe has described their marriage as one of trust and mutual understanding; some tension arose early in their union, due to conflicts about attention", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nhe was nevertheless presented later in 1975 with an honorary doctorate from the University of Stirling and the Lotus Prize for Afro-Asian Writers. The first comprehensive rebuttal of Achebe's critique was published in 1983 by British critic Cedric Watts. His essay \"\"A Bloody Racist: About Achebe's View of Conrad\"\" defends \"\"Heart of Darkness\"\" as an anti-imperialist novel, suggesting that \"\"part of its greatness lies in the power of its criticisms of racial prejudice.\"\" Palestinian–American theorist Edward Said agreed in his book \"\"Culture and Imperialism\"\" that Conrad criticised imperialism, but added: \"\"As a creature of his time, Conrad could not grant", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nHe also attended Sunday school every week and the special evangelical services held monthly, often carrying his father's bag. A controversy erupted at one such session, when apostates from the new church challenged the catechist about the tenets of Christianity. Achebe later included a scene from this incident in \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\". At the age of 12, Achebe moved away from his family to the village of Nekede, four kilometres from Owerri. He enrolled as a student at the Central School, where his older brother John taught. In Nekede, Achebe gained an appreciation for Mbari, a traditional art form that", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nNew\"\" and \"\"Dead Men's Path\"\") examine conflicts between tradition and modernity, with an eye toward dialogue and understanding on both sides. When a professor named Geoffrey Parrinder arrived at the university to teach comparative religion, Achebe began to explore the fields of Christian history and African traditional religions. After the final examinations at Ibadan in 1953, Achebe was awarded a second-class degree. Rattled by not receiving the highest level, he was uncertain how to proceed after graduation. He returned to his hometown of Ogidi to sort through his options. While he meditated on his possible career paths, Achebe was visited", "\"Agostinho Neto\"\nin Portugal. He published three books of poetry during his lifetime. Several of his poems became national anthems. The Soviet Union awarded Neto the Lenin Peace Prize for 1975-76. The public university of Luanda, the Agostinho Neto University, is named after him. A poem by Chinua Achebe entitled \"\"Agostinho Neto\"\" was written in his honor. An airport in Santo Antão, Cape Verde, is named after him, due to the beloved work he performed there as a doctor. For the same reason, the main hospital of Cape Verde in the capital Praia is named \"\"Hospital Agostinho Neto\"\" (HAN). There is also", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\ndialogue. The city of Lagos also made a significant impression on him. A huge conurbation, the city teemed with recent migrants from the rural villages. Achebe revelled in the social and political activity around him and later drew upon his experiences when describing the city in his 1960 novel \"\"No Longer at Ease\"\". While in Lagos, Achebe started work on a novel. This was challenging, since very little African fiction had been written in English, although Amos Tutuola's \"\"Palm-Wine Drinkard\"\" (1952) and Cyprian Ekwensi's \"\"People of the City\"\" (1954) were notable exceptions. While appreciating Ekwensi's work, Achebe worked hard to", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nreal people in the Dark Continent, only \"\"forces\"\" operating; and people don't speak any language you can understand, they just grunt, too busy jumping up and down in a frenzy\"\". Achebe expanded this criticism when he presented a Chancellor's Lecture at Amherst on 18 February 1975, \"\"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's \"\"Heart of Darkness\"\"\"\". Decrying Joseph Conrad as \"\"a bloody racist\"\", Achebe asserted that Conrad's famous novel dehumanises Africans, rendering Africa as \"\"a metaphysical battlefield devoid of all recognisable humanity, into which the wandering European enters at his peril.\"\" Achebe also discussed a quotation from Albert Schweitzer, a", "\"Things Fall Apart\"\nThings Fall Apart Things Fall Apart is a novel written by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. Published in 1958, its story chronicles pre-colonial life in the south-eastern part of Nigeria and the arrival of the Europeans during the late nineteenth century. It is seen as the archetypal modern African novel in English, one of the first to receive global critical acclaim. It is a staple book in schools throughout Africa and is widely read and studied in English-speaking countries around the world. Achebe's debut novel, it was first published by William Heinemann Ltd in the UK; in 1962, it was also", "\"African Writers Series\"\nthe colonial bias then prominent in the teaching of literature. The books were designed for classroom use, printed solely in paperback to make them affordable for African students. They were published by Heinemann Educational Books (HEB) in London and in various African cities. The idea of the series came from Heinemann executive Alan Hill, who \"\"recognised that the nascent post-colonial publishing industry was not supporting the growth of original African literature\"\". The first advisory editor to the series was the Nigerian Chinua Achebe – who became one of Africa's most famous writers. Achebe focused first on West African writers, but", "\"Gabriel Okara\"\nAt first he translated poetry from Ijaw into English and wrote scripts for government radio. He studied journalism at Northwestern University in 1949, and before the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War (1967–70) worked as Information Officer for the Eastern Nigerian Government Service. Together with Chinua Achebe, Okara was roving ambassador for Biafra's cause during part of 1969. From 1972 to 1980 he was director of the Rivers State Publishing House in Port Harcourt. After leaving school Okara wrote plays and features for radio, and in 1953 his poem \"\"The Call of the River Nun\"\" won an award at the", "\"Harvey Swados\"\n(Although the Rochdale example was short-lived, its history has been documented by former resident, author and editor Peter Eisenstadt.) In an article published on April 23, 1967, Swados profiled the maverick and unpredictable CBS News executive Fred Friendly. In 1967, reporting on the Nigerian Civil War as a member of a delegation of American civilians, he visited the secessionist state of Biafra. There, he met and formed a lasting friendship with the writer Chinua Achebe, who later was to become Swados's colleague at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. That same year, Swados also reported from Jerusalem for \"\"The New York", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nshould consider the roles of both women and men as intentionally stark and in opposition. In any case, a careful reading of Achebe paradoxically recognizes the hyperbolic representation of gender politics in Igbo society, while acknowledging the necessary nuance that gives Achebe's women some agency and prominence. In \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\", Okonkwo's furious manhood overpowers everything \"\"feminine\"\" in his life, including his own conscience. For example, when he feels bad after being forced to kill his adopted son, he asks himself: \"\"When did you become a shivering old woman?\"\" It is also argued that one's chi, or personal god, is", "\"Chidi Chike Achebe\"\nChidi Chike Achebe Chidi Chike Achebe is a Nigerian-American physician executive. He is the Chairman and CEO of AIDE - African Integrated Development Enterprise. He has served as the President and CEO of Harvard Street Neighborhood Health Center as well as Assistant Professor at Tufts University School of Medicine. Achebe currently serves as medical consultant; Clean water for kids - an NGO that brings fresh water to underserved communities in Liberia; and advisor for Tesfa Health, Bahirdar, Ethiopia. Achebe is the third child of Professor Christie Chinwe Okoli-Achebe and the Chinua Achebe- Nigerian politician and professor regarded as the \"\"father", "\"Nwando Achebe\"\nNwando Achebe Nwando Achebe (born 7 March 1970), is a Nigerian-American academic, feminist scholar, and multi-award-winning historian. She is the Jack and Margaret Sweet Endowed Professor of History at Michigan State University, and the founding Editor-in-Chief of the \"\"Journal of West African History\"\". Nwando Achebe was born in Enugu, eastern Nigeria to Nigerian writer, essayist, and poet, Chinua Achebe, and Christie Chinwe Achebe, a professor of Education. She is the wife of Folu Ogundimu, professor of journalism at Michigan State University, and mother of a daughter, Chino. Achebe received her Ph.D. in African History from the University of California, Los", "\"An Image of Africa\"\nAn Image of Africa \"\"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's \"\"Heart of Darkness\"\"\"\" is the published and amended version of the second Chancellor's Lecture given by Chinua Achebe at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, in February 1975. The essay was included in his 1988 collection, \"\"Hopes and Impediments\"\". The text is considered to be part of the postcolonial critical movement, which advocates to Europeans the consideration of the viewpoints of non-European nations, as well as peoples coping with the effects of colonialism. In \"\"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s \"\"Heart of Darkness\"\"\"\", Achebe accuses Joseph Conrad of being", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nI believe, from the village of Iseke in the Orlu division of Nigeria\"\". A prevalent theme in Achebe's novels is the intersection of African tradition (particularly Igbo varieties) and modernity, especially as embodied by European colonialism. The village of Umuofia in \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\", for example, is violently shaken with internal divisions when the white Christian missionaries arrive. Nigerian English professor Ernest N. Emenyonu describes the colonial experience in the novel as \"\"the systematic emasculation of the entire culture\"\". Achebe later embodied this tension between African tradition and Western influence in the figure of Sam Okoli, the president of Kangan", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\ntheir work. The students did not have access to the newspapers he had read as a student, so Achebe made his own available in the classroom. He taught in Oba for four months, but when an opportunity arose in 1954 to work for the Nigerian Broadcasting Service (NBS), he left the school and moved to Lagos. The NBS, a radio network started in 1933 by the colonial government, assigned Achebe to the Talks Department, preparing scripts for oral delivery. This helped him master the subtle nuances between written and spoken language, a skill that helped him later to write realistic", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nessential, a powerful antidote to the cynical commentators from 'overseas' who see nothing ever new out of Africa.\"\" An opinion piece in the magazine \"\"West Africa\"\" said the book deserved to win the Booker Prize, and that Achebe was \"\"a writer who has long deserved the recognition that has already been accorded him by his sales figures.\"\" The prize went instead to Penelope Lively's novel \"\"Moon Tiger\"\". On 22 March 1990, Achebe was riding in a car to Lagos when an axle collapsed and the car flipped. His son Ikechukwu and the driver suffered minor injuries, but the weight of", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nwidely spoken language. Once he returned to Nigeria, Achebe was promoted at the NBS to the position of Director of External Broadcasting. One of his first duties was to help create the Voice of Nigeria network. The station broadcast its first transmission on New Year's Day 1962, and worked to maintain an objective perspective during the turbulent era immediately following independence. This objectivity was put to the test when Nigerian Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa declared a state of emergency in the Western Region, responding to a series of conflicts between officials of varying parties. Achebe became saddened by the", "\"Anthills of the Savannah\"\nAnthills of the Savannah Anthills of the Savannah is a 1987 novel by Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe. It was his fifth novel, first published in the UK 21 years after Achebe's previous one (\"\"A Man of the People\"\" in 1966), and was credited with having \"\"revived his reputation in Britain\"\". A finalist for the 1987 Booker Prize for Fiction, \"\"Anthills of the Savannah\"\" has been described as the \"\"most important novel to come out of Africa in the [1980s]\"\". Critics praised the novel upon its release. \"\"Anthills of the Savannah\"\" takes place in the imaginary West African country of Kangan,", "\"Chike and the River\"\nChike and the River Chike and the River is a children's story by Chinua Achebe. It was first published in 1966 by Cambridge University Press, with illustrations by Prue Theobalds, and was the first of several children's stories Achebe would write. It is the story of a Nigerian boy called Chike who leaves his village, Umuofia, to go and stay with his uncle in the big city of Onitsha. Reviewing a 2011 reprint of the book, \"\"New York Journal of Books\"\" said: \"\"In \"\"Chike and the River\"\", young readers get an intimate look at African life, learn about the Niger", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\ncalled the \"\"father of African literature\"\", Achebe died after a short illness on 21 March 2013 in Boston, United States. An unidentified source close to the family said that he was ill for a while and had been hospitalised in the city. Penguin publishing director Simon Winder said: \"\"... we are all desolate to hear of his death.\"\" \"\"The New York Times\"\" described him in his obituary as \"\"one of Africa's most widely read novelists and one of the continent's towering men of letters\"\". The BBC wrote that he was \"\"revered throughout the world for his depiction of life in", "\"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o\"\nhome guard post. He went to the Alliance High School, and went on to study at Makerere University College in Kampala, Uganda. As a student he attended the African Writers Conference held at Makerere in June 1962, and his play \"\"The Black Hermit\"\" premiered as part of the event. At the conference Ngũgĩ asked Chinua Achebe to read the manuscripts of his novels \"\"The River Between\"\" and \"\"Weep Not, Child\"\", which would subsequently be published in Heinemann's African Writers Series, launched in London that year, with Achebe as its first advisory editor. Ngũgĩ received his B.A. in English from Makerere", "\"Nigerian literature\"\nawarded the prize as he \"\"...in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence\"\". Chinua Achebe was awarded the Man Booker International prize in recognition of his entire career as a novelist and author in 2007. Other finalists for the prize included Ian McEwan and Salman Rushdie. In awarding the prize, Nadine Gordimer referred to Achebe as \"\"the father of modern African literature\"\". A list of \"\"100 Most Influential Nigerian Writers Under 40 (Year 2016)\"\" was published on 28 December 2016 on the Nigerian Writers Awards website. Nigerian literature Nigerian literature is the literature of", "\"Nigerian Civil War\"\npersons who fought for the breakaway state of Biafra during the Nigerian civil war. In a national broadcast, he said that the decision was based on the principle that \"\"justice must at all times be tempered with mercy.\"\" Biafra was more or less wiped off the map until its resurrection by the contemporary Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra. Chinua Achebe's last book, \"\"There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra\"\", has also rekindled discussion of the war. Nigerian Civil War The Nigerian Civil War, commonly known as the Biafran War (6 July 1967 –", "\"Things Fall Apart\"\nof Achebe's birthplace of Ogidi, where Igbo-speaking people lived together in groups of independent villages ruled by titled elders. The customs described in the novel mirror those of the actual Onitsha people, who lived near Ogidi, and with whom Achebe was familiar. Within forty years of the arrival of the British, by the time Achebe was born in 1930, the missionaries were well established. He lived in the British culture but he refused to change his Igbo name Chinua to Albert. Achebe's father was among the first to be converted in Ogidi, around the turn of the century. Achebe himself", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nis paramount. Critic Nahem Yousaf highlights the importance of these depictions: \"\"Around the tragic stories of Okonkwo and Ezeulu, Achebe sets about textualising Igbo cultural identity\"\". The portrayal of indigenous life is not simply a matter of literary background, he adds: \"\"Achebe seeks to produce the effect of a precolonial reality as an Igbo-centric response to a Eurocentrically constructed imperial 'reality' \"\". Certain elements of Achebe's depiction of Igbo life in \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" match those in Olaudah Equiano's autobiographical \"\"Narrative\"\". Responding to charges that Equiano was not actually born in Africa, Achebe wrote in 1975: \"\"Equiano was an Igbo,", "\"Things Fall Apart\"\nthe Booker Prize-winning novelist in a 7 May 2012 article in \"\"Newsweek\"\", \"\"Hilary Mantel's Favorite Historical Fictions\"\", lists \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" as one of her five favourite novels in this genre. A whole new generation of African writers – Caine Prize winners Binyavanga Wainaina (current director of the Chinua Achebe Center at Bard College) and Helon Habila (\"\"Waiting for an Angel\"\" [2004] and \"\"Measuring Time\"\" [2007]), as well as Uzodinma Iweala (\"\"Beasts of No Nation\"\" [2005]), and Professor Okey Ndibe (\"\"Arrows of Rain\"\" [2000]) count Chinua Achebe as a significant influence. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, the author of the popular and", "\"Chukwuemeka Ike\"\nhad honours in English from Cambridge. Some eminent Nigerian writers who attended the school include Chinua Achebe, Christopher Okigbo, and Ken Saro Wiwa. After completing his secondary education, he studied at the University of Ibadan. while at the college, he was invited by Chinua Achebe to join the magazine club. He is currently king, Eze Ndikelionwu of the great Aro town Ndikelionwu in eastern Nigeria, with the title \"\"Ikelionwu XI\"\" in his hometown of Ndikelionwu in Anambra State. In \"\"Expo 77\"\", Ike tackles the issue of examination abuses. He explores cheating through the eyes of a university registrar who is", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nof Anata who opposes a corrupt Minister of Culture named Nanga for his Parliament seat. Upon reading an advance copy of the novel, Achebe's friend John Pepper Clark declared: \"\"Chinua, I \"\"know\"\" you are a prophet. Everything in this book has happened except a military coup!\"\" Soon afterward, Nigerian Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu seized control of the northern region of the country as part of a larger coup attempt. Commanders in other areas failed, and the plot was answered by a military crackdown. A massacre of three thousand people from the eastern region living in the north occurred soon afterwards,", "\"Christian Anieke\"\nand English Language have seen him study in Urban University, Rome; the University of Innsbruck, Austria; Bath Language School, Stratford-upon-Avon; Oxford University; and the University of Muenster. He has a B.Sc. in Education and English from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. At the University of Innsbruck, he graduated summa cum laude from his doctorate program in English and from both of his masters programs in Philosophy and Theology. He is the author of \"\"Chinua Achebe’s Trilogy: A Study in Bicultural Communication\"\" (2014), \"\"Intercultural Problems of Communication: The (Re) Presentation of the Igbo People and Their Culture in Chinua Achebe’s Things", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\n1964. Like its predecessors, it explores the intersections of Igbo tradition and European Christianity. Set in the village of Umuaro at the start of the twentieth century, the novel tells the story of Ezeulu, a Chief Priest of Ulu. Shocked by the power of British intervention in the area, he orders his son to learn the foreigners' secret. Ezeulu is consumed by the resulting tragedy. The idea for the novel came in 1959, when Achebe heard the story of a Chief Priest being imprisoned by a District Officer. He drew further inspiration a year later when he viewed a collection", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nthat book was the most important.\"\" In May 1967, the southeastern region of Nigeria broke away to form the Republic of Biafra; in July the Nigerian military attacked to suppress what it considered an unlawful rebellion. Achebe's colleague, Christopher Okigbo, who had become a close friend of the family (especially of Achebe's son, young Ikechukwu), volunteered to join the secessionist army while simultaneously working at the press. Achebe's house was bombed one afternoon; Christie had taken the children to visit her sick mother, so the only victims were his books and papers. The Achebe family narrowly escaped disaster several times", "\"African Writers Conference\"\nhave defined many African authors' style of writing. For example, Currey notes that Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o as a young student ventured to ask Chinua Achebe at the conference to read the manuscripts of his novels \"\"The River Between\"\" and \"\"Weep Not, Child\"\", which would subsequently be published in Heinemann's African Writers Series, launched in London that year, with Achebe as its first advisory editor. Ngũgĩ subsequently rejected Christianity in 1976, and changed his original name from James Ngugi, which he saw as a sign of colonialism. He also resorted to writing in Gikuyu language instead of English. \"\"SOAS African Literatures", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nhumour to celebrate the intellectual vigour of his classmates. He followed this with other essays and letters about philosophy and freedom in academia, some of which were published in another campus magazine, \"\"The Bug\"\". He served as the \"\"Herald\"\"'s editor during the 1951–52 school year. While at the university, Achebe wrote his first short story, \"\"In a Village Church\"\", which combines details of life in rural Nigeria with Christian institutions and icons, a style which appears in many of his later works. Other short stories he wrote during his time at Ibadan (including \"\"The Old Order in Conflict with the", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nwas crucial for his ability to continue as a writer. Had the novel been lost, he later said, \"\"I would have been so discouraged that I would probably have given up altogether.\"\" In 1958, Achebe sent his novel to the agent recommended by Gilbert Phelps in London. It was sent to several publishing houses; some rejected it immediately, claiming that fiction from African writers had no market potential. Finally it reached the office of Heinemann, where executives hesitated until an educational adviser, Donald MacRae, just back in England after a trip through West Africa, read the book and forced the", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nfinal stages of the novel show her functioning in a nurturing mother-type role, Beatrice remains firm in her conviction that women should not be limited to such capacities. Achebe has been called \"\"the father of modern African writing\"\" and Africa's greatest storyteller, and many books and essays have been written about his work over the past fifty years. In 1992 he became the first living writer to be represented in the Everyman's Library collection published by Alfred A. Knopf. His 60th birthday was celebrated at the University of Nigeria by \"\"an international Who's Who in African Literature\"\". One observer noted:", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nthe US writer John Updike expressed his surprised admiration for the sudden downfall of \"\"Arrow of God\"\"s protagonist. He praised the author's courage to write \"\"an ending few Western novelists would have contrived\"\". Achebe responded by suggesting that the individualistic hero was rare in African literature, given its roots in communal living and the degree to which characters are \"\"subject to non-human forces in the universe\"\". \"\"A Man of the People\"\" was published in 1966. A bleak satire set in an unnamed African state which has just attained independence, the novel follows a teacher named Odili Samalu from the village", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nalso found an \"\"apathy\"\" among the people toward literature written in Swahili. He met the poet Sheikh Shaaban Robert, who complained of the difficulty he had faced in trying to publish his Swahili-language work. In Northern Rhodesia (now called Zambia), Achebe found himself sitting in a whites-only section of a bus to Victoria Falls. Interrogated by the ticket taker as to why he was sitting in the front, he replied, \"\"if you must know I come from Nigeria, and there we sit where we like in the bus.\"\" Upon reaching the waterfall, he was cheered by the black travellers from", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nTread\"\" in the December 1962 issue of \"\"Nigeria Magazine\"\". In it, he distinguished between the hostile critic (entirely negative), the amazed critic (entirely positive), and the conscious critic (who seeks a balance). He lashed out at those who critiqued African writers from the outside, saying: \"\"no man can understand another whose language he does not speak (and 'language' here does not mean simply words, but a man's entire world view).\"\" In September 1964 he attended the Commonwealth Literature conference at the University of Leeds, presenting his essay \"\"The Novelist as Teacher\"\". Achebe's third book, \"\"Arrow of God\"\", was published in", "\"Heinemann (publisher)\"\nHouse bought Heinemann's trade publishing (now named William Heinemann) in 1997. Heinemann's educational unit became part of Harcourt Education when Reed Elsevier purchased the company in 2001. Pearson purchased the UK, South African, Australian and New Zealand arms of Harcourt Education in May 2007, while Houghton Mifflin purchased the American operations a few months later. In 1957, Heinemann Educational Books (HEB) created the African Writers Series, spearheaded by Alan Hill and West Africa specialist Van Milne, to focus on publishing the writers of Africa such as Chinua Achebe, who was the first advisory editor of the series. Heinemann was awarded", "\"James Currey\"\nJames Currey James Currey is an academic publisher specialising on Africa. It is named after its founder who established the company in 1984. It publishes on a full spectrum of topics—including anthropology, archaeology, history, politics, economics, development studies, gender studies, literature, theatre, film studies, and the humanities and social sciences generally—and its authors include leading names such as Bethwell Ogot and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. Named after its founder, the company was established in 1984 when James Currey, originally from South Africa, left his position at Heinemann Educational Books to set up an Africa-focused publisher. At Heinemann, working with Chinua Achebe,", "\"Lewis Nkosi\"\n\"\"Harvard Crimson\"\". As opposed to apartheid, Nkosi's work explores themes of politics, relationships, and sexuality. His works, possessing great depth, received less recognition than they had actually deserved. In the post-apartheid era, his works are gaining critical attention across the third world. Nkosi joined forces with African powerhouse authors Chinua Achebe and Wole Soyinka in an interview in the third chapter of Bernth Lindfors' \"\"Conversations With Chinua Achebe\"\". In 1978, Nkosi and composer Stanley Glasser wrote a collection of six Zulu-style songs called \"\"Lalela Zulu\"\" for The King's Singers, a group of six white British, male \"\"a cappella\"\" singers. On", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nto dislike such \"\"women's stories\"\". Another hallmark of Achebe's style is the use of proverbs, which often illustrate the values of the rural Igbo tradition. He sprinkles them throughout the narratives, repeating points made in conversation. Critic Anjali Gera notes that the use of proverbs in \"\"Arrow of God\"\" \"\"serves to create through an echo effect the judgement of a community upon an individual violation.\"\" The use of such repetition in Achebe's urban novels, \"\"No Longer at Ease\"\" and \"\"A Man of the People\"\", is less pronounced. For Achebe, however, proverbs and folk stories are not the sum total of", "\"Western canon\"\ncommercial presses to join in the project of reclamation. In the twentieth century, the Western literary canon started to include black writers not only from black American writers, but also from the wider black diaspora of writers in Britain, France, Latin America, and Africa. This is largely due to the shift in social and political views during the civil rights movement in the United States. The first global recognition came in 1950 when Gwendolyn Brooks was the first black American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Literature. Chinua Achebe's novel \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" helped draw attention to African literature. Nigerian", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nIloegbunam Achebe stood at a crossroads of traditional culture and Christian influence; this made a significant impact on the children, especially Chinualumogu. After the youngest daughter was born, the family moved to Isaiah Achebe's ancestral town of Ogidi, in what is now the state of Anambra. Storytelling was a mainstay of the Igbo tradition and an integral part of the community. Achebe's mother and sister Zinobia Uzoma told him many stories as a child, which he repeatedly requested. His education was furthered by the collages his father hung on the walls of their home, as well as almanacs and numerous", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nfuture elite. It had rigorous academic standards and was vigorously elitist, accepting boys purely on the basis of ability. The language of the school was English, not only to develop proficiency but also to provide a common tongue for pupils from different Nigerian language groups. Achebe described this later as being ordered to \"\"put away their different mother tongues and communicate in the language of their colonisers\"\". The rule was strictly enforced and Achebe recalls that his first punishment was for asking another boy to pass the soap in Igbo. Once there, Achebe was double-promoted in his first year, completing", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\n\"\"The Ahiara Declaration\"\". In October of the same year, Achebe joined writers Cyprian Ekwensi and Gabriel Okara for a tour of the United States to raise awareness about the dire situation in Biafra. They visited thirty college campuses and conducted countless interviews. While in the southern US, Achebe learned for the first time of the Igbo Landing, a true story of a group of Igbo captives who drowned themselves in 1803 – rather than endure the brutality of slavery – after surviving through the Middle Passage. Although the group was well received by students and faculty, Achebe was \"\"shocked\"\" by", "\"Présence Africaine\"\nto publish most of the best known Francophone African writers of the 20th century, including the literature of Mongo Beti, Ken Bugul, Birago Diop, Djibril Tamsir Niane, Williams Sassine, Ousmane Sembène, Léopold Sédar Senghor, as well as the philosophical works of Cheikh Anta Diop among others. Editions Présence Africaine was also the first to publish French translations of Anglophone writers such as Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, Ngugi wa Thiong’o, and the pan-Africanist leaders Kwame Nkrumah and Julius Nyerere. Alioune Diop remained publisher until his death in 1980, when his wife Christiane Yandé Diop took over. The 50th anniversary of \"\"Présence", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\n\"\"an excellent novel\"\", and the literary magazine \"\"Time and Tide\"\" said that \"\"Mr. Achebe's style is a model for aspirants\"\". Initial reception in Nigeria was mixed. When Hill tried to promote the book in West Africa, he was met with scepticism and ridicule. The faculty at the University of Ibadan was amused at the thought of a worthwhile novel being written by an alumnus. Others were more supportive; one review in the magazine \"\"Black Orpheus\"\" said: \"\"The book as a whole creates for the reader such a vivid picture of Igbo life that the plot and characters are little more", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nof the male writer's vision for the new Africa\"\". It is argued that even when women and their lives are more centrally depicted in literature, the male writer continues to be the visionary while the woman is the \"\"sign\"\" of changes to come. Achebe's first central female character in a novel is Beatrice Nwanyibuife in \"\"Anthills of the Savannah\"\". As an independent woman in the city, Beatrice strives for the balance that Okonkwo lacked so severely. She refutes the notion that she needs a man, and slowly learns about Idemili, a goddess balancing the aggression of male power. Although the", "\"Sam Oritsetimeyin Omatseye\"\nDear Baby Ramatu; Lion Wind And Other Poems; and Scented Offal. He wrote and staged a play In 2014 titled The Siege to mark Professor Wole Soyinka’s 80th birthday He generated nationwide criticisms with his column, In Touch, when he wrote on sensitive issues such as the legacy of the late Chief Obafemi Awolowo, erstwhile Premier of the Western Nigeria; the Civil War role of the late Biafran leader, Chief Emeka Odumegwu Ojukwu; the literary accomplishments of the late Chinua Achebe,; rebutting a statement by Orji Kalu, Chairman of The Sun and Telegraph newspaper and the incessant Southern Kaduna crisis", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nthe first two years' studies in one, and spending only four years in secondary school, instead of the standard five. Achebe was unsuited to the school's sports regimen and belonged instead to a group of six exceedingly studious pupils. So intense were their study habits that the headmaster banned the reading of textbooks from five to six o'clock in the afternoon (though other activities and other books were allowed). Achebe started to explore the school's \"\"wonderful library\"\". There he discovered Booker T. Washington's \"\"Up from Slavery\"\" (1901), the autobiography of an American former slave; Achebe \"\"found it sad, but it", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nthe vehicle fell on Achebe and his spine was severely damaged. He was flown to the Paddocks Hospital in Buckinghamshire, England, and treated for his injuries. In July doctors announced that although he was recuperating well, he was paralyzed from the waist down and would require the use of a wheelchair for the rest of his life. Soon afterwards, Achebe became the Charles P. Stevenson Professor of Languages and Literature at Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York; he held the position for more than fifteen years. In 1999, Achebe was awarded the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nhis book ...\"\" Critic Nicolas Tredell divides Conrad criticism \"\"into two epochal phases: before and after Achebe.\"\" Asked frequently about his essay, Achebe once explained that he never meant for the work to be abandoned: \"\"It's not in my nature to talk about banning books. I am saying, read it – with the kind of understanding and with the knowledge I talk about. And read it beside African works.\"\" Interviewed on National Public Radio with Robert Siegel, in October 2009, Achebe remains consistent, although tempering this criticism in a discussion entitled \"\"'Heart of Darkness' is inappropriate\"\": \"\"Conrad was a seductive", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nseeks to invoke the gods' protection through symbolic sacrifices in the form of sculpture and collage. (He would later suggest the name for the Mbari Writers and Artists Club that was founded in Ibadan by Ulli Beier and others in 1961.) When the time came to change to secondary school, in 1944, Achebe sat entrance examinations for and was accepted at both the prestigious Dennis Memorial Grammar School in Onitsha and the even more prestigious Government College in Umuahia. Modeled on the British public school, and funded by the colonial administration, Government College was established in 1929 to educate Nigeria's", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nPoet Maya Angelou lauded \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" as a book wherein \"\"all readers meet their brothers, sisters, parents and friends and themselves along Nigerian roads\"\". Nelson Mandela, recalling his time as a political prisoner, once referred to Achebe as a writer \"\"in whose company the prison walls fell down\"\", and that his work \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" inspired him to continue the struggle to end apartheid. Nobel laureate Toni Morrison has noted that Achebe's work inspired her to become a writer and \"\"sparked her love affair with African literature\"\". Achebe was the recipient of over 30 honorary degrees from universities in", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nexpectations of his family, its clan, his home village, and larger society. He is crushed by these forces (like his grandfather before him) and finds himself imprisoned for bribery. Having shown his acumen for portraying traditional Igbo culture, Achebe demonstrated in his second novel an ability to depict modern Nigerian life. Later that year, Achebe was awarded a Rockefeller Fellowship for six months of travel, which he called \"\"the first important perk of my writing career\"\"; Achebe set out for a tour of East Africa. One month after Nigeria achieved its independence, he travelled to Kenya, where he was required", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nthe book's portrayal of its Nigerian characters as either savages or buffoons that he decided to become a writer. Achebe recognised his dislike for the African protagonist as a sign of the author's cultural ignorance. One of his classmates announced to the professor that the only enjoyable moment in the book is when Johnson is shot. He abandoned the study of medicine and changed to English, history, and theology. Because he switched his field, however, he lost his scholarship and had to pay tuition fees. He received a government bursary, and his family also donated money – his older brother", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nNigerian honour \"\"Commander of the Federal Republic\"\", in 2004 and 2011, saying: I have watched particularly the chaos in my own state of Anambra where a small clique of renegades, openly boasting its connections in high places, seems determined to turn my homeland into a bankrupt and lawless fiefdom. I am appalled by the brazenness of this clique and the silence, if not connivance, of the Presidency. Despite his scholarly achievements and the global importance of his work, Achebe never received a Nobel Prize, which some observers viewed as unjust. When Wole Soyinka was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nthan symbols representing a way of life lost irrevocably within living memory.\"\" In the book Okonkwo struggles with the legacy of his father – a shiftless debtor fond of playing the flute – as well as the complications and contradictions that arise when white missionaries arrive in his village of Umuofia. Exploring the terrain of cultural conflict, particularly the encounter between Igbo tradition and Christian doctrine, Achebe returns to the themes of his earlier stories, which grew from his own background. \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" went on to become one of the most important books in African literature. Selling over 20", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nof the Igbo, and remove their ability to participate in structures of decision-making. The standard Achebean ending results in the destruction of an individual and, by synecdoche, the downfall of the community. Odili's descent into the luxury of corruption and hedonism in \"\"A Man of the People\"\", for example, is symbolic of the post-colonial crisis in Nigeria and elsewhere. Even with the emphasis on colonialism, however, Achebe's tragic endings embody the traditional confluence of fate, individual and society, as represented by Sophocles and Shakespeare. Still, Achebe seeks to portray neither moral absolutes nor a fatalistic inevitability. In 1972, he said:", "\"Canongate Myth Series\"\nThree Roads Meet\"\" by Salley Vickers. Installments in the series are also forthcoming from the authors A. S. Byatt, Chinua Achebe and Natsuo Kirino. Michel Faber's contribution, \"\"The Fire Gospel\"\", was published in 2008. 2009 saw the publication of \"\"Baba Yaga Laid an Egg\"\" by Dubravka Ugrešić and \"\"The Hurricane Party\"\" by Klas Östergren. \"\"Orphans of Eldorado\"\" by Milton Hatoum and \"\"The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ\"\" by Philip Pullman were published in 2010. This series was being published in hardback editions with a mass market paperback edition published later, but will now be published initially in either", "\"Henry Chakava\"\nPublishing Network. Henry Chakava is also a visiting lecturer at the Oxford Brookes University. He is the author of the 1996 book \"\"Publishing in Africa: One Man's Perspective\"\", for which Chinua Achebe wrote a brief introduction. To celebrate Henry Chakava's 70th birthday, a number of key personalities in the publishing world have authored a book, Coming of Age: Strides in African Publishing, published by East African Educational Publishers Ltd, Nairobi Kenya. The new release, published in April 2016, is a collection of essays in honour of Dr Henry Chakava @70. Chakava received several awards. Here follows a selection: Henry Chakava", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nby the white missionaries. Achebe's short stories are not as widely studied as his novels, and Achebe himself did not consider them a major part of his work. In the preface for \"\"Girls at War and Other Stories\"\", he writes: \"\"A dozen pieces in twenty years must be accounted a pretty lean harvest by any reckoning.\"\" Like his novels, the short stories are heavily influenced by the oral tradition. And like the folktales they follow, the stories often have morals emphasising the importance of cultural traditions. As the decolonisation process unfolded in the 1950s, a debate about choice of language", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nto take control of the language and expand it. The Nigerian poet and novelist Gabriel Okara likens the process of language-expansion to the evolution of jazz music in the United States. Achebe's novels laid a formidable groundwork for this process. By altering syntax, usage, and idiom, he transforms the language into a distinctly African style. In some spots this takes the form of repetition of an Igbo idea in standard English parlance; elsewhere it appears as narrative asides integrated into descriptive sentences. Achebe's novels approach a variety of themes. In his early writing, a depiction of the Igbo culture itself", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nLiterature, Achebe joined the rest of Nigeria in celebrating the first African ever to win the prize. He lauded Soyinka's \"\"stupendous display of energy and vitality\"\", and said he was \"\"most eminently deserving of any prize\"\". In 1988 Achebe was asked by a reporter for \"\"Quality Weekly\"\" how he felt about never winning a Nobel Prize; he replied: \"\"My position is that the Nobel Prize is important. But it is a European prize. It's not an African prize ... Literature is not a heavyweight championship. Nigerians may think, you know, this man has been knocked out. It's nothing to do", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nduring the war. Five days later, Christopher Okigbo was killed on the war's front line. Achebe was shaken considerably by the loss; in 1971 he wrote \"\"Dirge for Okigbo\"\", originally in the Igbo language but later translated to English. As the war intensified, the Achebe family was forced to leave Enugu for the Biafran capital of Aba. As the turmoil closed in, he continued to write, but most of his creative work during the war took the form of poetry. The shorter format was a consequence of living in a war zone. \"\"I can write poetry,\"\" he said, \"\"something short,", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\noffered Achebe a professorship later that year, and the family moved to the United States. Their youngest daughter was displeased with her nursery school, and the family soon learned that her frustration involved language. Achebe helped her face the \"\"alien experience\"\" (as he called it) by telling her stories during the car trips to and from school. As he presented his lessons to a wide variety of students (he taught only one class, to a large audience), he began to study the perceptions of Africa in Western scholarship: \"\"Africa is not like anywhere else they know ... there are no", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nthe bus, but he was saddened by their being unable to resist the policy of segregation at the time. Two years later, Achebe again left Nigeria, this time as part of a Fellowship for Creative Artists awarded by UNESCO. He travelled to the United States and Brazil. He met with a number of writers from the US, including novelists Ralph Ellison and Arthur Miller. In Brazil, he met with several other authors, with whom he discussed the complications of writing in Portuguese. Achebe worried that the vibrant literature of the nation would be lost if left untranslated into a more", "\"Ivan Sergeyevich Obolensky\"\ngraduated from Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1947. While at Yale, he was a member of St. Elmo, a senior secret society. After Yale, Obolensky became a writer working for Telavid Inc. Imports, and went on to serve with the United States Navy as a pilot. In 1957, he formed a publishing firm McDowell, Obolensky Inc. with a partner, David McDowell. The firm published James Agee's Pulitzer Prize novel, \"\"A Death in the Family\"\" (1957), and was the U.S. publisher for Chinua Achebe's \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" (1959). It was dissolved in 1960. Obolensky then formed a second publishing", "\"Postcolonial literature\"\nNigerian author Chinua Achebe (1930 – 13) gained worldwide attention for \"\"Things Fall Apart\"\" in the late 1950s. Achebe wrote his novels in English and defended the use of English, a \"\"language of colonisers\"\", in African literature. In 1975, his lecture \"\"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's \"\"Heart of Darkness\"\"\"\" featured a famous criticism of Joseph Conrad as \"\"a thoroughgoing racist\"\". A titled Igbo chieftain himself, Achebe's novels focus on the traditions of Igbo society, the effect of Christian influences, and the clash of Western and traditional African values during and after the colonial era. His style relies heavily", "\"Chinua Achebe\"\nfor independence, Nigeria's first university opened. Known as University College (now the University of Ibadan), it was an associate college of the University of London. Achebe obtained such high marks in the entrance examination that he was admitted as a Major Scholar in the university's first intake and given a bursary to study medicine. It was during his studies at Ibadan that Achebe began to become critical of European literature about Africa. After reading Joyce Cary's 1939 work \"\"Mister Johnson\"\" about a cheerful Nigerian man who (among other things) works for an abusive British storeowner, he was so disturbed by" ]

[ false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "testicles" ]

[ "\"Human sperm competition\"\nin primates with multi-male breeding systems, and lowest in primates with single-male breeding systems. Compared to other animals, and primates in particular, humans show low-to-intermediate levels of sperm competition, suggesting that humans have a history of little selection pressure for sperm competition. Physiological evidence, including testis size relative to body weight and the volume of sperm in ejaculations, suggests that humans have experienced a low-to-intermediate level of selection pressure for sperm competition in our evolutionary history. Nevertheless, there is a large body of research that explores the physiological adaptations males do have for sperm competition. Evidence suggests that, among the", "Sperm\nof animals are produced through spermatogenesis inside the male gonads (testicles) via meiotic division. The initial spermatozoon process takes around 70 days to complete. The spermatid stage is where the sperm develops the familiar tail. The next stage where it becomes fully mature takes around 60 days when it is called a spermatozoan. Sperm cells are carried out of the male body in a fluid known as semen. Human sperm cells can survive within the female reproductive tract for more than 5 days post coitus. Semen is produced in the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and urethral glands. In 2016 scientists", "\"Human sperm competition\"\ngreat apes, relative testis size is associated with the breeding system of each primate species. In humans, testis size relative to body weight is intermediate between monogamous primates (such as gorillas) and promiscuous primates (such as chimpanzees), indicating an evolutionary history of moderate selection pressures for sperm competition. The volume of sperm in ejaculates scales proportionately with testis size and, consistent with the intermediate weight of human males testis, ejaculate volume is also intermediate between primates with high and low levels of sperm competition. Human males, like other animals, exhibit prudent sperm allocation, a physiological response to the high cost", "\"Human body\"\nneurotransmitters. At the same time, the endocrine system releases hormones, such as to help regulate blood pressure and volume. Together, these systems regulate the internal environment of the body, maintaining blood flow, posture, energy supply, temperature, and acid balance (pH). Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilisation, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by sperm. The egg then lodges in the uterus, where an embryo and later fetus develop until birth. Growth and development occur after birth, and include both physical and psychological development,", "\"Development of the human body\"\nDevelopment of the human body Human development is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilisation, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The egg then lodges in the uterus, where an embryo and later fetus develop until birth. Further growth and development continues after birth, and includes both physical and psychological development, influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental and other factors. This continues throughout life, through childhood, and adolescence into adulthood. Development before birth, or prenatal development () is the process in which an embryo", "\"Semen quality\"\ndepending on the environment. Sperm outside the body generally has a life expectancy which is considered to depend on pH, temperature, presence of air and other factors, and is unpredictable but smaller than the life expectancy inside the human body. For instance, sperm donors who collect the sample outside the clinic are advised to have handed in the sample no more than one hour from collection, and to keep it, if not at body temperature, then at least at room temperature. In a non-harmful environment outside the body, such as in a sterile glass container the number of motile sperm", "\"Human reproduction\"\ngiving them 23 pairs. After a gestation period, typically for nine months, is followed by childbirth. The fertilization of the ovum may be achieved by artificial insemination methods, which do not involve sexual intercourse. The male reproductive system contains two main divisions: the testes where sperm are produced, and the penis. In humans, both of these organs are outside the abdominal cavity. Having the testes outside the abdomen facilitates temperature regulation of the sperm, which require specific temperatures to survive about 2-3 °C less than the normal body temperature i.e. 37 °C. In particular, the extraperitoneal location of the testes", "\"Beginning of human personhood\"\nbelieved that Aristotle had been proven correct. Some observers believed they could see an entirely pre-formed little human body in the head of a sperm. The human ova was first observed in 1827 by Karl Ernst von Baer. Only in 1876 did Oscar Hertwig prove that fertilization is due to fusion of an egg and sperm cell. Many members of the medical community accept fertilization as the point at which life begins. Dr. Bradley M. Patten from the University of Michigan wrote in \"\"Human Embryology\"\" that the union of the sperm and the ovum \"\"initiates the life of a new", "\"Female sperm\"\nediting to alter imprinted regions of DNA. Experts noted that there was little chance of these techniques being applied to humans in the near future. Scientists from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne led by biologist Karim Nayernia discovered a method of creating partly developed sperm cells, otherwise known as \"\"spermatogonial\"\" stem cells, from the bone marrow of male volunteers, entirely in-vitro (outside the human body), and is seeking funding to see whether such techniques can be used to make female sperm. If created, a \"\"female sperm\"\" cell could fertilize an egg cell, a procedure that, among other potential applications,", "Spermatozoon\nto a female (XX) offspring, while one bearing a Y chromosome will lead to a male (XY) offspring. Sperm cells were first observed in Anton van Leeuwenhoek's laboratory in 1677. The human sperm cell is the reproductive cell in males and will only survive in warm environments; once it leaves the male body the sperm's survival likelihood is reduced and it may die, thereby decreasing the total sperm quality. Sperm cells come in two types, \"\"female\"\" and \"\"male\"\". Sperm cells that give rise to female (XX) offspring after fertilization differ in that they carry an X-chromosome, while sperm cells that", "\"Human penis\"\nthe ejaculation, and sexual stimulation precedes it. The human penis has been argued to have several evolutionary adaptations. The purpose of these adaptations is to maximise reproductive success and minimise sperm competition. Sperm competition is where the sperm of two males simultaneously resides within the reproductive tract of a female and they compete to fertilise the egg. If sperm competition results in the rival male's sperm fertilising the egg, cuckoldry could occur. This is the process whereby males unwittingly invest their resources into offspring of another male and, evolutionarily speaking, should be avoided at all costs The most researched human", "\"Semen quality\"\nOne of the most informative and specific tests is Immunobead Rosette Test which can identify different antibody classes involved (IgG, IgA, IgM) and location on the sperm cell (head, body or tail). Hemizona test is a test to evaluate sperm zona-binding capacity. In this test, the two halves of human zona pellucida is incubated with patient's capacitated sperm and control fertile donor's sperm. When performing cryopreservation of semen, it is the sperm quality after reviving the sample that is of importance, because many sperm cells die in the process. To be of use in assisted reproductive technology, the sample should", "\"Polar body\"\n\"\"Polar body twinning\"\" is a hypothesized form of twinning in meiosis, where one or more polar bodies do not disintegrate and are fertilized by sperm. Twinning would occur, in principle, if the egg cell and a polar body were both fertilized by separate sperms. However, even if fertilization occurs, further development would usually not occur because the zygote formed by the fusion of the sperm and polar body would not have enough cytoplasm or stored nutrients to feed the developing embryo. Polar bodies were first identified and characterized in the early 20th century, primarily by O. Hertwig, T. Boveri, and", "\"Sperm competition\"\nbonobos. Male chimpanzees that live in a structured multi-male, multi-female community, have large testicles to produce more sperm, therefore giving him better odds to fertilize the female. Whereas the community of gorillas consist of one alpha male and two or three females, when the female gorillas are ready to mate, normally only the alpha male is their partner. Regarding sexual dimorphism among primates, humans falls into an intermediate group with moderate sex differences in body size but relatively large testes. This is a typical pattern of primates where several males and females live together in a group and the male", "\"Sperm bank\"\nDirective. In the United Kingdom, sperm banks are regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. Sperm banks provide the opportunity to have a baby to single women and coupled lesbians, and to heterosexual couples where the male is infertile. Where a sperm bank provides fertility services directly to a recipient woman, it may employ different methods of fertilization using donor sperm in order to optimise the chances of a pregnancy. A sperm bank will also aim to provide donor sperm which is safe by the checking and screening donors. Some controversy stems from the fact that donors father children", "\"Sperm bank\"\npurposes. In the United States, sperm banks are regulated as Human Cell and Tissue or Cell and Tissue Bank Product (HCT/Ps) establishments by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with new guidelines in effect May 25, 2005. Many states also have regulations in addition to those imposed by the FDA, including New York and California. In the European Union a sperm bank must have a license according to the EU Tissue Directive which came into effect on April 7, 2006. In the United Kingdom, sperm banks are regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. In countries where sperm banks", "\"Human sperm competition\"\nadaptations to sperm competition, including the length of the penis and the shape of the penile head. By weight, the relative penis size of human males is similar to that of chimpanzees, although the overall length of the human penis is the largest among primates. It has been suggested by some authors that penis size is constrained by the size of the female reproductive tract (which, in turn is likely constrained by the availability of space in the female body), and that longer penises may have an advantage in depositing semen closer to the female cervix. Other studies have suggested", "SPEF2\nthese cells, SPEF2 is localized in the golgi complex, manchette, basal body and mid piece of the sperm tail. SPEF2 has been shown to interact with the intracellular transport protein IFT20 in the testis. SPEF2 Sperm flagellar protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"\"SPEF2\"\" gene. SPEF2 plays an important role in spermatogenesis and flagellar assembly. SPEF2 is expressed in all ciliated cells and is required for cilia function. Sperm contain cilia, and a mutation in the SPEF2 gene can cause male infertility due to immobile sperm. In a pig animal model, a SPEF2 mutation", "\"Human fertilization\"\ntakes place, preventing other sperm from fertilizing the same egg. The oocyte now undergoes its second meiotic division producing the haploid ovum and releasing a polar body. The sperm nucleus then fuses with the ovum, enabling fusion of their genetic material. The fusion of cell membranes of the secondary oocyte and sperm takes place. In preparation for the fusion of their genetic material both the oocyte and the sperm undergo transformations as a reaction to the fusion of cell membranes. The oocyte completes its second meiotic division. This results in a mature ovum. The nucleus of the oocyte is called", "\"Sperm whale\"\nto the production of pearls. The irritation of the intestines caused by squid beaks stimulates the secretion of this lubricant-like substance. Sperm whales are prodigious feeders and eat around 3% of their body weight per day. The total annual consumption of prey by sperm whales worldwide is estimated to be about . In comparison, human consumption of seafood is estimated to be . Sperm whales hunt through echolocation. Their clicks are among the most powerful sounds in the animal kingdom (see above). It has been hypothesised that it can stun prey with its clicks. Experimental studies attempting to duplicate this", "\"Reproductive success\"\nto sperm quality of the male and the compatibility of the sperms antigens with the females immune system. If the Humans in general, consider phenotypic traits that present their health and body symmetry. The pattern of constraints on female reprouction is consistent with human life-history and across all populations. A difficulty in studying human reproductive success is its high variability. Every person, male or female, is different, especially when it comes to reproductive success and also fertility. Reproductive success is determined not only by behavior (choices), but also physiological variables that cannot be controlled. The Blurnton-Jones 'backload model' \"\"tested a", "\"Development of the human body\"\nof the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. In biological terms, human development entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Fertilisation occurs when the sperm cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (ovum). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form a single cell called a zygote and the germinal stage of prenatal development commences. Embryogenesis covers the first eight weeks of development; at the beginning of the ninth week the embryo is termed a fetus. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the", "\"Human sperm competition\"\nof sperm production as it relates to the actual or perceived risk of sperm competition at each insemination. In situations where the risk of sperm competition is higher, males will allocate more energy to producing higher ejaculate volumes. Studies have found that the volume of sperm does vary between ejaculates, and that sperm produced during copulatory ejaculations are of a higher quality (younger, more motile, etc.) than those sperm produced during masturbatory ejaculates or nocturnal emissions. This suggests that, at least within males, there is evidence of allocation of higher quality sperm production for copulatory purposes. Researchers have suggested that", "\"Prenatal development\"\nnucleus of the ovum and the second set from the nucleus of the sperm. The zygote is male if the egg is fertilized by a sperm that carries a Y chromosome, and it is female if the egg is fertilized by a sperm that carries an X chromosome. The Y chromosome contains a gene, SRY, which will switch on androgen production at a later stage, leading to the development of a male body type. In contrast, the mitochondrial genetic information of the zygote comes entirely from the mother via the ovum. The embryonic period in humans begins at fertilization (penetration", "\"Human reproductive system\"\nHuman reproductive system The human reproductive system usually involves internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. In this process, the male inserts his penis into the female's vagina and ejaculates semen, which contains sperm. A small proportion of the sperm pass through the cervix into the uterus, and then into the Fallopian tubes for fertilization of the ovum. Only one sperm is required to fertilize the ovum. Upon successful fertilization, the fertilized ovum, or zygote, travels out of the Fallopian tube and into the uterus, where it implants in the uterine wall. This marks the beginning of gestation, better known as pregnancy,", "Cetacea\nof any animal on earth, averaging and in mature males. The brain to body mass ratio in some odontocetes, such as belugas and narwhals, is second only to humans. In some whales, however, it is less than half that of humans: 0.9% versus 2.1%. The sperm whale (\"\"Physeter macrocephalus\"\") is the largest of all toothed predatory animals and possesses the largest brain. The cetacean skeleton is largely made up of cortical bone, which stabilizes the animal in the water. For this reason, the usual terrestrial compact bones, which are finely woven cancellous bone, are replaced with lighter and more elastic", "\"Female sperm\"\nbegin the processes to become both sperm and eggs. One potential roadblock to injecting a woman's cells into a man's testicles is that the man's immune system might attack and destroy the woman's cells. In usual circumstances, when foreign cells (such as cells or organs from other people, or infectious bacteria) are put into a human body, its immune system will reject such cells or organs. However, a special property of a man's testicles is that they are immune-privileged, that is, a man's immune system will not attack foreign cells (such as a woman's cells) injected into the sperm-producing part", "\"Reproductive system\"\nand deposit sperm. Humans have a high level of sexual differentiation. In addition to differences in nearly every reproductive organ, numerous differences typically occur in secondary sexual characteristics. The male reproductive system is a series of organs located outside of the body and around the pelvic region of a male that contribute towards the reproduction process. The primary direct function of the male reproductive system is to provide the male sperm for fertilization of the ovum. The major reproductive organs of the male can be grouped into three categories. The first category is sperm production and storage. Production takes place", "Testicle\ntheir contents during the breeding season, and then being reabsorbed by the body. Before the next breeding season, new sperm ampullae begin to form and ripen. The ampullae are otherwise essentially identical to the seminiferous tubules in higher vertebrates, including the same range of cell types. Testicle The testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans. It is homologous to the female ovary. The functions of the testes are to produce both sperm and androgens, primarily testosterone. Testosterone release is controlled by the anterior pituitary luteinizing hormone; whereas sperm production is controlled both by the", "\"Human reproductive system\"\nuntil birth. The male reproductive system has one function: to produce and deposit sperm. Humans have a high level of sexual differentiation. In addition to differences in nearly every reproductive organ, there are numerous differences in typical secondary sex characteristics. The male reproductive system is a series of organs located outside the body and around the pelvis region of a male that contribute towards the reproduction process. The primary direct function of the male reproductive system is to provide the male sperm for fertilization of the ovum. The major reproductive organs of the male can be grouped into three categories.", "\"Human reproduction\"\nmay result in a 2-fold reduction in the heat-induced contribution to the spontaneous mutation rate in male germinal tissues compared to tissues at 37 °C. If the testicles remain too close to the body, it is likely that the increase in temperature will harm the spermatozoa formation, making conception more difficult. This is why the testes are carried in an external pouch viz. scrotum rather than within the abdomen; they normally remain slightly cooler than body temperature, facilitating sperm production. The female reproductive system likewise contains two main divisions: the vagina and the Ovum. The ovum meets with sperm cell,", "\"Epigenetics of human development\"\nenhance RNAPII. BRD4 also assists in the hyperacetylation of histones in the sperm nucleus. Histone hyperacetylation, the addition of acetyl groups to lysines on the amino tails of histones in an amount much larger than normal, is believed to assist in histone removal from the sperm nucleus. Examples of diseases caused by epigenetic dysfunction in development include: Epigenetics of human development Development before birth, including gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and fetal development, is the process of body development from the gametes are formed to eventually combine into a zygote to when the fully developed organism exits the uterus. Epigenetic processes are vital", "\"Telogaster opisthorchis\"\nalso contain unicellular gland-like bodies which open through the cuticle of the anterior half of the adult and are present on the posterior end of the acetabulum. The alimentary system is made up of mobile sphincteric lips which surround the terminal mouth. The oral sucker is small and ovoid when contracted, changing to a truncated cone when relaxed. \"\"Telogaster opisthorchis\"\" reproduce via sexual and asexual reproduction. Males have testis which produce sperm and have a very primitive vas deferens. During copulation, sperm is ejaculated out of the male and into the female uterus where it is stored in the seminal", "\"Female sperm\"\nFemale sperm Female sperm can be either: This article focuses on the second definition. Since the late 1980s, scientists have explored how to produce sperm where all of the chromosomes come from a female donor. In the late 1990s, this concept became a partial reality when scientists in Japan developed chicken female sperm by injecting bone marrow stem cells from a female chicken into a rooster's testicles. This technique proved to fall below expectations, however, and has not yet been successfully adapted for use on humans. Creating female sperm was first raised as a possibility in a patent filed in", "\"Sperm whaling\"\nparticularly in the South Pacific, where the toll on males of a breeding age was severe. Sperm whaling Sperm whaling is the hunting of these marine mammals for the oil, meat and bone that can be extracted from their bodies. Sperm whales, a large and deep-diving species, produce a waxy substance that was especially useful during the Industrial Revolution, and so they were targeted in 19th century whaling, as exemplified in \"\"Moby Dick\"\". Sperm oil is no longer needed, but another unusual product, ambergris, is still valued as a perfume fixative. Although the animal is classified as a vulnerable species,", "Cryonics\nthe question. Cryopreservation was applied to human cells beginning in 1954 with frozen sperm, which was thawed and used to inseminate three women. Eight years later, the freezing of humans was first scientifically proposed by Michigan professor Robert Ettinger. In April 1966, the first human body was frozen with some thought of future reanimation, though it had been embalmed for two months. The body was placed in liquid nitrogen, and stored at just above freezing. The middle-aged woman from Los Angeles, whose name is unknown, was soon thawed out and buried by relatives. The first body to be truly cryopreserved", "\"Human reproductive system\"\nThe first category produces and stores sperm (spermatozoa). These are produced in the testes, which are housed in the temperature-regulating scrotum; immature sperm then travel to the epididymis for development and storage. The second category are the ejaculatory fluid producing glands which include the Cowper's gland (also called bulbo-urethral gland), seminal vesicles, prostate, and vas deferens. The final category are those used for copulation and deposition of the sperm within the female; these include the penis, urethra, and vas deferens. Major secondary sexual characteristics include: larger, more muscular stature, deepened voice, facial and body hair, broad shoulders, and development of", "\"Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority\"\nHuman Fertilisation and Embryology Authority The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom. It is a statutory body that regulates and inspects all clinics in the United Kingdom providing \"\"in vitro\"\" fertilisation (IVF), artificial insemination and the storage of human eggs, sperm or embryos. It also regulates human embryo research. After the birth of Louise Brown, the world's first IVF baby, in 1978, there was concern about the implications of this new technology. In 1982, the UK government formed a committee chaired by philosopher Mary Warnock", "Arthropod\nas for example frogs do, or by internal fertilization, where the ova remain in the female's body and the sperm must somehow be inserted. All known terrestrial arthropods use internal fertilization. Opiliones (harvestmen), millipedes, and some crustaceans use modified appendages such as gonopods or penises to transfer the sperm directly to the female. However, most male terrestrial arthropods produce spermatophores, waterproof packets of sperm, which the females take into their bodies. A few such species rely on females to find spermatophores that have already been deposited on the ground, but in most cases males only deposit spermatophores when complex courtship", "\"Semen cryopreservation\"\nof mutations in offspring DNA. Antioxidants and the use of well-controlled cooling regimes could potentially improve outcomes. In long-term follow-up studies, no evidence has been found either of an increase in birth defects or chromosomal abnormalities in people conceived from cryopreserved sperm compared with the general population. Semen cryopreservation Semen cryopreservation (commonly called sperm banking or sperm freezing) is a procedure to preserve sperm cells. Semen can be used successfully indefinitely after cryopreservation. For human sperm, the longest reported successful storage is 24 years. It can be used for sperm donation where the recipient wants the treatment in a different", "\"Fish anatomy\"\nthe rete testis located in the mediastinum testis, to the efferent ducts, and then to the epididymis where newly created sperm cells mature (see spermatogenesis). The sperm move into the vas deferens, and are eventually expelled through the urethra and out of the urethral orifice through muscular contractions. However, most fish do not possess seminiferous tubules. Instead, the sperm are produced in spherical structures called \"\"sperm ampullae\"\". These are seasonal structures, releasing their contents during the breeding season, and then being reabsorbed by the body. Before the next breeding season, new sperm ampullae begin to form and ripen. The ampullae", "\"Fish reproduction\"\nthen to the epididymis where newly created sperm cells mature (see spermatogenesis). The sperm move into the vas deferens, and are eventually expelled through the urethra and out of the urethral orifice through muscular contractions. However, most fish do not possess seminiferous tubules. Instead, the sperm are produced in spherical structures called \"\"sperm ampullae\"\". These are seasonal structures, releasing their contents during the breeding season, and then being reabsorbed by the body. Before the next breeding season, new sperm ampullae begin to form and ripen. The ampullae are otherwise essentially identical to the seminiferous tubules in higher vertebrates, including the", "\"Antagonistic Coevolution\"\nsperm and determine paternity outcomes. Females have evolved a paragenital system to counter traumatic inseminations. The paragenital system contains a mesospermalege where sperm is deposited. The sperm migrates through the blood to the sperm storage site and oviducts, and then to the ovaries to fertilize eggs. Female bed bugs have also evolved physiological by the presence of phagocytic cells in the mesospermalege that ingest sperm after mating. Selection on development time is often sexually antagonistic. In seed beetles, populations differed in development time and growth rate between sexes. Population fitness is not significant to either body size or growth rate,", "\"Human sperm competition\"\nthe relatedness between two sperm and two human brothers is practically the same. From the point of view of a gene in a sperm cell, there is a 50% chance that another given sperm will share that gene. Likewise, from the point of view of an autosomal gene in a human male, there is a 50% chance that his sibling will share that gene. Therefore, on the level of the gene, a sperm cell has just as much incentive to be altruistic toward its brother as a human brother has to be altruistic toward his brother. Sperm differentiation within an", "\"Human sperm competition\"\nis tied to sperm competition in that individuals with a larger midpiece will have more mitochondria, and will thus have more highly motile sperm than those with a lower volume of mitochondria. Among humans, as with relative testis size and ejaculate volume, the size of the sperm midpiece is small compared to other primates, and is most similar in size to that of primates with low levels of sperm competition, supporting the theory that humans have had an evolutionary history of intermediate levels of sperm competition. Several features of the anatomy of the human penis are proposed to serve as", "\"Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990\"\nwas extended. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Deceased Fathers) Act 2003 amended section 28 in 2000. Sperm may be taken from a deceased male to fertilize an egg if the corresponding man and woman were: In 2001 the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Regulations were added. These regulations extended the purposes that an embryo can be created for in regards to research. In addition, the Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 was passed. This essential made human reproductive cloning illegal by outlawing the implantation of research embryos. As of 2004 the Disclosure of Donor Information Regulations were formed. Any sperm or egg", "\"Robin Baker (biologist)\"\nthe 1990s (with Mark Bellis) to a study of sperm competition in humans and rats, including proposal of the kamikaze sperm hypothesis. Baker and Bellis’ research into the evolutionary biology of infidelity, masturbation, sperm polymorphism, and sperm number in humans, as well as into the design and function of the human penis and cervix led to a number of scientific papers and an academic book: \"\"Human Sperm Competition: copulation, masturbation and infidelity\"\". As well as being the author of around one hundred scientific papers and six academic books, Robin Baker is the author of four popular science books: \"\"Sperm Wars\"\";", "\"Nicolaas Hartsoeker\"\nas an instrument maker and wine merchant failed and, after the death of his father in August 1683, he moved his family in 1684 to Paris, where he made instruments for the Paris observatory and the academy. Hartsoeker also came up with contrivances for aiming very large aerial telescopes originally popularized by Huygens. He remained there until 1698. It is often said that in 1694, while observing human sperm through a microscope, Hartsoeker believed that he saw tiny men inside the sperm, which he called homunculi or animalcules. However, he only postulated their existence as part of his Spermist theory", "Testicle\nand large testes compared to body weight (0.3%). Human testicular size falls between these extremes (0.08%). Testis weight also varies in seasonal breeders like deer and horses. The change is related to changes in testosterone production. Human testicles are smaller than chimpanzee testicles but larger than gorilla testicles. Under a tough membranous shell called the tunica albuginea, the testis of amniotes, as well as some teleost fish, contains very fine coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules. Amphibians and most fish do not possess seminiferous tubules. Instead, the sperm are produced in spherical structures called \"\"sperm ampullae\"\". These are seasonal structures, releasing", "\"Semen cryopreservation\"\nSemen cryopreservation Semen cryopreservation (commonly called sperm banking or sperm freezing) is a procedure to preserve sperm cells. Semen can be used successfully indefinitely after cryopreservation. For human sperm, the longest reported successful storage is 24 years. It can be used for sperm donation where the recipient wants the treatment in a different time or place, or as a means of preserving fertility for men undergoing vasectomy or treatments that may compromise their fertility, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery. The most common cryoprotectant used for semen is glycerol (10% in culture medium). Often sucrose or other di-, trisaccharides", "\"Reproductive biology\"\nborn with all the primary oocytes they will ever have. Starting at puberty the process of meiosis can complete resulting in the secondary oocyte and the first polar body. The secondary oocyte can later be fertilized with the male sperm. Reproductive biology Reproductive biology includes both sexual and asexual reproduction. Reproductive biology includes a wide number of fields: Human reproductive biology is primarily controlled through hormones, which send signals to the human reproductive structures to influence growth and maturation. These hormones are secreted by endocrine glands, and spread to different tissues in the human body. In humans, the pituitary gland", "\"Human sperm competition\"\nreaching the egg. If each sperm contains a chromatid from one of the two kinds of pre-meiotic tetrad, then we have, loosely speaking, two kinds of sperm. This does not account for crossing-over, of course. A sperm has half a chance of having a homologous chromatid as any random sperm. The relatedness among sperm is ½, but not in the sense that it is between human brothers. A human brothers has on average 50% of his brother's genes. A sperm has (not accounting for crossing-over) either 0% or 100% of its brother's genes. Still, on the level of the gene,", "\"Lisa Jean Moore\"\n\"\"Sperm Counts: Overcome by Man’s Most Precious Fluid\"\" (NYU Press) a qualitative research project which analyzes historical documentation of biomedical and contemporary representations from reproductive scientists, semen banking promotional materials on the Internet, children’s \"\"facts of life\"\" books, pornography, forensics transcripts, and sex workers’ narratives, and participant observation. Her collaborative book with Monica J. Casper entitled \"\"Missing Bodies: The Politics of Visibility\"\" (NYU Press) draws on varied approaches to examine six provocative sites where some human bodies are highly visible while others are not represented at all, with important consequences for social action and policy. The book calls for a", "\"Christian views on cloning\"\ntherapeutic cloning is assumed to involve the destruction of human embryos, and is therefore against the Synod's resolution to \"\"reaffirm and celebrate life,\"\" and \"\"protect the sanctity of human life.\"\" Christian organizations are challenged to respond to a number of concerns about the issue of the dignity of the human person, especially in relation to scientific study. Much of the debate has to do with the question of at what point the soul enters the body. Catholics believe that the soul enters the body at the moment of conception when the sperm and egg unite. Thus, Catholics and other Christian", "\"Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority\"\n10% over a period of years. Former Chairs include Professor Lisa Jardine, Walter Merricks, Shirley Harrison, Lord Richard Harries, Dame Suzi Leather, Baroness Ruth Deech and Colin Campbell. Other notable former members include Professor Emily Jackson. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom. It is a statutory body that regulates and inspects all clinics in the United Kingdom providing \"\"in vitro\"\" fertilisation (IVF), artificial insemination and the storage of human eggs, sperm or embryos. It also regulates human embryo research.", "Spider\nother words the sperm is not inserted into the female's body by the male's genitals but by an intermediate stage. Unlike many land-living arthropods, male spiders do not produce ready-made spermatophores (packages of sperm), but spin small sperm webs on to which they ejaculate and then transfer the sperm to special syringe-like structures, palpal bulbs or palpal organs, borne on the tips of the pedipalps of mature males. When a male detects signs of a female nearby he checks whether she is of the same species and whether she is ready to mate; for example in species that produce webs", "\"Human fertilization\"\na sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid cell, known as zygote. The successful fusion of gametes forms a new organism. Where the spermatozoon is about to pierce, the yolk (ooplasm) is drawn out into a conical elevation, termed the cone of attraction or reception cone. Once the spermatozoon has entered, the peripheral portion of the yolk changes into a membrane, the perivitelline membrane, which prevents the passage of additional spermatozoa. At the beginning of the process, the sperm undergoes a series of changes, as freshly ejaculated sperm is unable or poorly able to fertilize. The sperm must", "\"Pseudobiceros bedfordi\"\nthey are hermaphroditic and have two penises. During mating, they fence with one another, using their penises, attempting to stab and inject sperm in their opponent, while avoiding being fertilized by their opponent. They are able to inseminate their opponent by injecting their sperm into any region of the other's body they are able to penetrate. After successfully injecting the other, the spermatozoa stream through their partner's body on their way to ovaries, where they will fertilize the eggs. The stream is visible through the body tissue of the worm, appearing as pale streaks, like lightning jags. Pseudobiceros bedfordi Pseudobiceros", "\"Spawn (biology)\"\nspawning fish are smooth and white and account for up to 12% of the mass of the fish, while female ovaries are granular and orange or yellow, accounting for up to 70% of the fish's mass. Male lampreys, hagfish and salmon discharge their sperm into the body cavity where it is expelled through pores in the abdomen. Male sharks and rays can pass sperm along a duct into a seminal vesicle, where they store it for a while before it is expelled, while teleosts usually employ separate sperm ducts. Externally, many marine animals, even when spawning, show little sexual dimorphism", "\"Sociology of the body\"\nSociology of the body Sociology of the body is a branch of sociology studying the representations and social uses of the human body in modern societies. According to Thomas Laqueur, prior to the eighteenth century the predominant model for a social understanding of the body was the \"\"one sex model/one flesh model\"\". It followed that there was one model of the body which differed between the sexes and races, for example, the vagina was simply seen as a weaker version of the penis and even thought to emit sperm. This was changed by the Enlightenment. In the sixteenth century, Europe", "\"Human sperm competition\"\nincluding the relative size of testes, the size of the sperm midpiece, prudent sperm allocation, and behaviors relating to sexual coercion, however this is not without consequences: the production of large amounts of sperm is costly and therefore, researchers have predicted that males will produce larger amounts of semen when there is a perceived or known increase in sperm competition risk. Sperm competition is not exclusive to humans, and has been studied extensively in other primates, as well as throughout much of the animal kingdom. The differing rates of sperm competition among other primates indicates that sperm competition is highest", "\"Hamster zona-free ovum test\"\nwhose sperm fail the hamster test are a third as fertile than those whose sperm pass. Donated sperm and intracytoplasmic sperm injection techniques are considered more strongly for those whose sperm fail this test. Contrary to some assertions by medical professionals, if the human sperm penetrates the hamster egg, a hybrid embryo is indeed created. The resulting hamster-hybrid is known as a humster. These embryos are typically destroyed before they divide into two cells and are never known to have been implanted in either a hamster or human uterus to develop. This test evaluates the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa.", "\"Artificial insemination\"\nbe mixed with the peritoneal and follicular fluid. IUTPI can be useful in unexplained infertility, mild or moderate male infertility, and mild or moderate endometriosis. In non-tubal sub fertility, fallopian tube sperm perfusion may be the preferred technique over intrauterine insemination. Intratubal insemination (ITI) involves injection of washed sperm into the fallopian tube, although this procedure is no longer generally regarded as having any beneficial effect compared with IUI. ITI however, should not be confused with gamete intrafallopian transfer, where both eggs and sperm are mixed outside the woman's body and then immediately inserted into the fallopian tube where fertilization", "Male\ngenetically determined as such by the XY sex-determination system where males have an XY (as opposed to XX) sex chromosome. It is also possible in a variety of species, including humans, to be XXY or have other intersex/hermaphroditic qualities, though one would still be considered genotypically (if not necessarily phenotypically) male so long as one has a Y-chromosome. During reproduction, a male can give either an X sperm or a Y sperm, while a female can only give an X egg. A Y sperm and an X egg produce a male, while an X sperm and an X egg produce", "Female\nthe course of an organism's life. Although most species with male and female sexes have individuals that are either male or female, hermaphroditic animals have both male and female reproductive organs. The sex of most mammals, including humans, is genetically determined by the XY sex-determination system where males have X and Y (as opposed to X and X) sex chromosomes. During reproduction, the male contributes either an X sperm or a Y sperm, while the female always contributes an X egg. A Y sperm and an X egg produce a male, while an X sperm and an X egg produce", "\"Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority\"\nbody, the first statutory body of its type in the world. The HFEA is the independent regulator for IVF treatment and human embryo research and came into effect on 1 August 1991. The 1990 Act ensured the regulation, through licensing, of: The Act also requires the HFEA keep a database of every IVF treatment carried out since that date and a database relating to all cycles and use of donated gametes (egg and sperm). In 2001, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Research Purposes) Regulations 2001/188 extended the purposes for which embryo research could be licensed to include \"\"increasing knowledge about", "\"Sperm donation\"\ncan be made to the same woman. There is no limit to the number of offspring which may be produced from private donors. Despite laws limiting the number of offspring, some donors may produce substantial numbers of children, particularly where they donate through different clinics, where sperm is onsold or is exported to different jurisdictions, and where countries or jurisdictions do not have a central register of donors. Sperm agencies, in contrast to sperm banks, rarely impose or enforce limits on the number of children which may be produced by a single donor partly because they are not empowered to", "\"Sperm donation\"\nThe 1990 Act also established a UK central register of donors and donor births to be maintained by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (the 'HFEA'), a supervisory body established by the Act. Following the Act, for any act of sperm donation through a licensed UK clinic that results in a living child, information on the child and the donor must be recorded on the register. This measure was intended to reduce the risk of consanguinity as well as to enforce the limit on the number of births permitted by each donor. The natural child of any donor has access", "\"Human sexuality\"\ndrawn closer to the body. Sperm are transported through a four-part duct system. The first part of this system is the epididymis. The testicles converge to form the seminiferous tubules, coiled tubes at the top and back of each testicle. The second part of the duct system is the vas deferens, a muscular tube that begins at the lower end of the epididymis. The vas deferens passes upward along the side of the testicles to become part of the spermatic cord. The expanded end is the ampulla, which stores sperm before ejaculation. The third part of the duct system is", "\"Ginkgo biloba\"\nThe fertilization of ginkgo seeds occurs via motile sperm, as in cycads, ferns, mosses and algae. The sperm are large (about 70–90 micrometres) and are similar to the sperm of cycads, which are slightly larger. Ginkgo sperm were first discovered by the Japanese botanist Sakugoro Hirase in 1896. The sperm have a complex multi-layered structure, which is a continuous belt of basal bodies that form the base of several thousand flagella which actually have a cilia-like motion. The flagella/cilia apparatus pulls the body of the sperm forwards. The sperm have only a tiny distance to travel to the archegonia, of", "\"Human penis\"\npenis adaptations are testis and penis size, ejaculate adjustment and semen displacement. Evolution has caused sexually selected adaptations to occur in penis and testis size in order to maximise reproductive success and minimise sperm competition. Sperm competition has caused the human penis to evolve in length and size for sperm retention and displacement. To achieve this, the penis must be of sufficient length to reach any rival sperm and to maximally fill the vagina. In order to ensure that the female retains the male's sperm, the adaptations in length of the human penis have occurred so that the ejaculate is", "\"Paul Devroey\"\nPaul Devroey Paul Devroey is a prominent Belgian researcher and professor specialized in human fertility. He worked more than 30 years in the university hospital of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, where he directed the Center for Reproductive Medicine. Together with André Van Steirteghem and other colleagues from the Center he developed the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) technique, in which a single sperm is injected into an egg-cell. This technique is particularly useful in cases where infertility is caused by poor sperm production, thus solving most problems of male infertility. His center also pioneered various other techniques that increase the chances", "\"Sperm-associated antigen 6\"\nSperm-associated antigen 6 Sperm-associated antigen 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"\"SPAG6\"\" gene. The correlation of anti-sperm antibodies with cases of unexplained infertility implicates a role for these antibodies in blocking fertilization. Improved diagnosis and treatment of immunologic infertility, as well as identification of proteins for targeted contraception, are dependent on the identification and characterization of relevant sperm antigens. The protein expressed by this gene is recognized by anti-sperm antibodies from an infertile man. This protein localizes to the tail of permeabilized human sperm and contains eight contiguous armadillo repeats, a motif known to mediate", "IFT20\nembryos, and the sensory cilia that detect sensory stimuli in some animals. IFT20 subunit of the particle is localized to the Golgi complex in addition to the basal body and cilia where all previous IFT particle proteins had been found. In living cells, fluorescently tagged IFT20 is highly dynamic and moves between the Golgi complex and the cilium as well as along ciliary microtubules. IFT20 has been shown to interact with SPEF2 in the testis, and plays a role in sperm motility. IFT20 Intraflagellar transport protein 20 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"\"IFT20\"\" gene.", "\"Sperm chemotaxis\"\nhumans), a spermatozoon can be at this state only once in its lifetime, and sperm individuals become capacitated/chemotactic at different time points, resulting in continuous replacement of capacitated/chemotactic cells within the sperm population, i.e., prolonged availability of capacitated cells. These sperm features raised the possibility that prolonging the time period, during which capacitated spermatozoa can be found in the female genital tract, is a mechanism, evolved in humans, to compensate for the lack of coordination between insemination and ovulation. In humans, there are at least two different origins of sperm chemoattractants. One is the cumulus cells that surround the oocyte,", "\"Sperm thermotaxis\"\npreferred temperature. Amazingly, they can sense and thermotactically respond to temperature gradients as low as <0.014 °C/mm. This means that when human spermatozoa swim a distance that equals their body length (~46 µm) they respond to a temperature difference of <0.0006 °C! The molecular mechanism underlying thermotaxis, in general, and thermosensing with such extreme sensitivity, in particular, is obscure. It is known that, unlike other recognized thermosensors in mammals, the thermosensors for sperm thermotaxis do not seem to be temperature-sensitive ion channels. They are rather opsins, known to be G-protein-coupled receptors that act as photosensors in vision. The opsins are", "\"Reproductive biology\"\ngives rise to four spermatids through meiosis. Spermatids are now haploid and undergo differentiation into sperm cells. Later in reproduction the sperm will fuse with a female oocyte to form the zygote. Oogenesis is the formation of a cell who will produce one ovum and three polar bodies. Oogenesis begins in the female embryo with the production of oogonia from primordial germ cells. Like spermatogenesis, the primordial germ cell undergo mitotic division to form the cells that will later undergo meiosis, but will be halted at the prophase I stage. This is known as the primary oocyte. Human females are", "\"Sex differences in human physiology\"\norgans are placed \"\"inside\"\" the body. Female ejaculation has been observed for 2,000 years. It refers to the release of fluid experienced by some females during orgasm. The components of the ejaculate are comparable to that of the male ejaculate. The release of this fluid is a product of the Skene's gland (female prostate), located within the walls of the urethra. The female prostate is much smaller than the male prostate, but seems to behave similarly, although the female ejaculate does not contain sperm. The female prostate is visible through MRI and ultrasound. Males typically produce billions of sperm each", "\"Heat-based contraception\"\nHeat-based contraception An experimental male contraceptive method involves heating the testicles so that they cannot produce sperm. Sperm are best produced at a temperature slightly below body temperature. The muscles around a male's scrotum involuntarily tighten if the man's body temperature drops, and they loosen, allowing the testes to hang, if the body temperature rises. This is the body's way of keeping the sperm at an ideal temperature. Although research has not addressed methods of applying heat, sperm production can be disrupted with increased temperature. Some suggest exposure to high temperatures (116 °F equal to 47 °C) can affect infertility", "\"Edith's checkerspot\"\nHowever, even with these prevention mechanisms, females do occasionally mate a second time. In instances where females mate with several males, they lay eggs which have been predominantly fertilized by the sperm of the last male to mate. This is the process of last male sperm precedence, and can be explained by the fact that the last sperm to enter and be stored in the spermatheca of the female is also usually the first to leave. In Edith's checkerspots, average spermatophore weight is about 2.5% of male body weight, a figure that is quite small compared to the spermatophores donated", "\"Human penis\"\nto draw foreign semen away from the cervix. This means that in the event of a rival male's sperm residing within the reproductive tract of a female, the human penis is able to displace the rival sperm, replacing it with his own. Semen displacement has two main benefits for a male. Firstly, by displacing a rival male's sperm, the risk of the rival sperm fertilising the egg is reduced, thus minimising the risk of sperm competition. Secondly, the male replaces the rival's sperm with his own, therefore increasing his own chance of fertilising the egg and successfully reproducing with the", "\"Parasite Eve\"\nshe rapes him in the form of Kiyomi to capture some of his sperm, which she uses to fertilize an egg of her own production. Moving to the hospital, she implants this egg in Mariko's womb. The egg develops into a child that is born almost immediately. Eve anticipates that her child will be able to consciously change its genetic code, thus being an infinitely adaptable \"\"perfect life form\"\" capable of replacing humanity and similar life-forms. Mariko's body will be host to a new race of these life-forms. The experiment fails, since Toshiaki's sperm carry a separate line of \"\"male\"\"", "\"Sperm guidance\"\nwide temperature range (at least 29–41 °C). Within this range they preferentially accumulate in warmer temperatures rather than at a single specific, preferred temperature. Amazingly, they can sense and thermotactically respond to temperature gradients as low as <0.014 °C/mm. This means that when human spermatozoa swim a distance that equals their body length (~46 µm) they respond to a temperature difference of <0.0006 °C! The molecular mechanism underlying thermotaxis, in general, and thermosensing with such extreme sensitivity, in particular, is obscure. It is known that, unlike other recognized thermosensors in mammals, the thermosensors for sperm thermotaxis do not seem to", "\"Development of the human body\"\nand later fetus develops during gestation. Prenatal development starts with fertilization, the first stage in embryogenesis which continues in fetal development until birth. Fertilization occurs when the sperm successfully enters the ovum's membrane. The chromosomes of the sperm combine with those of the egg to form a single cell, called a zygote, and the germinal stage of embryogenesis commences. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization, through the development of the early embryo, up until implantation. The germinal stage is over at about 10 days of gestation. The zygote contains a full complement of genetic material and develops", "\"Human germline engineering\"\nmodification.\"\" Somatic gene modification adds, cuts, or changes the genes in cells of a living person. Germline gene modification changes the genes in sperm, eggs, and embryos. These modifications would appear in every cell of the human body. Germline modification is yet to be done to a human. Human gremlin engineering is modifying the genes in the human sex cells that can be passed on to the future generations. This process is done by a complicated but an accurate technique that contains an enzyme complex called CRISPR/Cas9 “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats”, this enzyme can be found in many", "\"Human reproduction\"\nAnother method of assisted reproductive technology is in vitro fertilization, where one or more egg cells are retrieved from a woman's ovaries and co-incubated with sperm outside the body. The resulting embryo can then be reinserted into the woman's womb. Pregnancy is the period of time during which the fetus develops, dividing via mitosis inside the female. During this time, the fetus receives all of its nutrition and oxygenated blood from the female, filtered through the placenta, which is attached to the fetus' abdomen via an umbilical cord. This drain of nutrients can be quite taxing on the female, who", "\"Sperm thermotaxis\"\nand the spermatozoa might have responded to the formed pH gradient by chemotaxis. However, careful experimental examinations of all these possibilities with proper controls demonstrated that the measured responses to temperature are true thermotactic responses and that they are not a reflection of any other temperature-sensitive process, including rheotaxis and chemotaxis. The behavioral mechanism of sperm thermotaxis has been so far only investigated in human spermatozoa. Like the behavioral mechanisms of bacterial chemotaxis and human sperm chemotaxis, the behavioral mechanism of human sperm thermotaxis appears to be stochastic rather than deterministic. Capacitated human spermatozoa swim in rather straight lines interrupted", "\"Sperm whale\"\ntimes heavier than a human's, and has a volume of about 8,000 cm. Although larger brains generally correlate with higher intelligence, it is not the only factor. Elephants and dolphins also have larger brains than humans. The sperm whale has a lower encephalization quotient than many other whale and dolphin species, lower than that of non-human anthropoid apes, and much lower than humans'. The sperm whale's cerebrum is the largest in all mammalia, both in absolute and relative terms. The olfactory system is reduced, suggesting that the sperm whale has a poor sense of taste and smell. By contrast, the", "\"Sperm donation\"\nthe fertile times of patients requiring treatments. Commonly, infertility of a male partner or sterilisation was a reason for treatment. Donations were anonymous and unregulated. The Warnock Committee's report was published on July 18, 1984. and led to the passing of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. That act provided for a system of licensing for fertility clinics and procedures. It also provided that, where a male donates sperm at a licensed clinic in the UK and his sperm is used at a UK clinic to impregnate a female, the male is not legally responsible for the resulting child.", "\"Human sexuality\"\nthen travels for three to four days to the uterus. After sexual intercourse, sperm swim up this funnel from the uterus. The lining of the tube and its secretions sustain the egg and the sperm, encouraging fertilization and nourishing the ovum until it reaches the uterus. If the ovum divides after fertilization, identical twins are produced. If separate eggs are fertilized by different sperm, the mother gives birth to non-identical or fraternal twins. The ovaries are the female gonads; they develop from the same embryonic tissue as the testicles. The ovaries are suspended by ligaments and are the source where", "\"Sperm-associated antigen 1\"\nSperm-associated antigen 1 Sperm-associated antigen 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"\"SPAG1\"\" gene. The correlation of anti-sperm antibodies with cases of unexplained infertility implicates a role for these antibodies in blocking fertilization. Improved diagnosis and treatment of immunologic infertility, as well as identification of proteins for targeted contraception, are dependent on the identification and characterization of relevant sperm antigens. The protein expressed by this gene is recognized by anti-sperm agglutinating antibodies from an infertile woman. Furthermore, immunization of female rats with the recombinant human protein reduced fertility. This protein localizes to the plasma membrane of", "\"Genetically modified sperm\"\nGenetically modified sperm Genetically modified sperm (GM sperm) is sperm that has undergone genetic modification for biomedical purposes, including the elimination of genetic diseases or infertility. Although the procedure has been tested on animals such as fish, pigs, and rabbits, it remains relatively untested on humans. In the case of pigs, the goal of research is to inexpensively produce organs and supplement the shortage of donated human organs. Although GM sperm has the potential to detect and treat genetic diseases, it will likely take many years for successful use in patients. In genetic modification, genes are inserted into living cells", "Immunocontraception\ntargeting sperm with the hope of developing a contraceptive vaccine for human use. Unlike earlier research which explored the contraceptive effect of immune responses to whole sperm cells, contemporary research has focused on searching for specific molecular antigens that are involved with sperm function. Antigens that have been identified as potential targets for immunocontraception include the sperm-specific peptides or proteins ADAM, LDH-C4, sp10, sp56, P10G, fertilization antigen 1 (FA-1), sp17, SOB2, A9D, CD52, YLP12, Eppin, CatSper, Izumo, sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9), 80 kilodalton human sperm antigen (80 kDa HSA), and nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (tNASP). Early primate trials had", "\"Sialyl-Lewis X\"\ncovering the human egg composed of four glycoproteins ZP1, 2, 3, and 4, and transit through the matrix in order to fuse with the oocyte. Human ZP is coated with highly dense N- and O-glycans that are terminated with the sialyl-Lewis sequence. The hemizona assay, which assesses sperm-ZP binding by counting the number of sperm bound to hemispheres of bisected nonliving human eggs \"\"in vitro\"\", revealed that as little as 0.5 mM sialyl-Lewis inhibits sperm-ZP binding by 63%. Furthermore, adding purified and solubilized ZP3 or ZP4 from the human oocyte dose-dependently inhibits sperm-ZP binding in the hemizona assay. Such evidence", "\"Basal body\"\nbodies, and cilia are important for mitosis, polarity, cell division, protein trafficking, signaling, motility, and sensation. Mutations in proteins that localize to basal bodies are associated with several human ciliary diseases, including Bardet–Biedl syndrome, orofaciodigital syndrome, Joubert syndrome, cone-rod dystrophy, Meckel syndrome, and nephronophthisis. Regulation of basal body production and spatial orientation is a function of the nucleotide-binding domain of γ-tubulin. Plants lack centrioles and only lower plants (such as mosses and ferns) with motile sperm have flagella and basal bodies. Basal body A basal body (synonymous with basal granule, kinetosome, and in older cytological literature with blepharoplast) is a", "\"Genetically modified sperm\"\nor modify the expression of chosen traits. In a recent case, an American teenager successfully sued a sperm bank, because she had been born with fragile X syndrome. Some also cite the promotion of eugenics through certain applications of genetic modification, justifying the moratorium on research and funding in human trials in many countries. Genetically modified sperm Genetically modified sperm (GM sperm) is sperm that has undergone genetic modification for biomedical purposes, including the elimination of genetic diseases or infertility. Although the procedure has been tested on animals such as fish, pigs, and rabbits, it remains relatively untested on humans.", "\"Human sperm competition\"\nHuman sperm competition Sperm competition is a form of post-copulatory sexual selection whereby male ejaculates simultaneously physically compete to fertilize a single ovum. Sperm competition occurs between sperm from two or more rival males when they make an attempt to fertilize a female within a sufficiently short period of time. This results primarily as a consequence of polyandrous mating systems, or due to extra-pair copulations of females, which increases the chance of cuckoldry, in which the male mate raises a child that is not genetically related to him. Sperm competition among males has resulted in numerous physiological and psychological adaptations,", "\"Vas deferens\"\nopening in the body wall. Vas deferens The vas deferens (Latin: \"\"carrying-away vessel\"\"; plural: vasa deferentia), also called ductus deferens (Latin: \"\"carrying-away duct\"\"; plural: ductus deferentes), is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates; these ducts transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts in anticipation of ejaculation. It is a partially coiled tube which exits the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal. There are two ducts, connecting the left and right epididymis with the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct in order to move sperm. In humans, each tube is about long, 3 to 5", "\"Sialyl-Lewis X\"\nor O-linked glycan attached to cell surface glycoproteins such as PSGL-1, CD43 or CD44. This sialyl-Lewis mediated binding to selectins allows circulating leukocytes to stick to and roll along endothelial cells lining blood vessels thereby enabling the leukocytes to accumulate at a site of vascular inflammation. Sialyl-Lewis also plays a critical role in cancer metastasis, facilitating the extravasation of cancer cells out of the bloodstream while they are moving through the body. Sialyl-Lewis allows a sperm cell to recognize and fertilize an egg cell. For fertilization to occur, human sperm must bind to the zona pellucida (ZP), the translucent matrix", "Epididymis\nformed in the testis enter the caput epididymis, progress to the corpus, and finally reach the cauda region, where they are stored. Sperm entering the caput epididymis are incomplete—they lack the ability to swim forward (motility) and to fertilize an egg. Epididymal transit takes 2-3 days in humans (longer in other species), but the sperm can be stored in the cauda for 2–3 days. During their transit in the epididymis, sperm undergo maturation processes necessary for them to acquire motility and fertility. Final maturation \"\"(capacitation\"\") is completed in the female reproductive tract. The epididymis secretes an intraluminal environment that suppresses" ]

[ false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, true, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "Mount Logan" ]

[ "\"Centennial Range\"\nCentennial Range The Centennial Range is a sub-range of the Saint Elias Mountains. It is located inside Kluane National Park and Reserve in the far west of the Yukon Territory in Canada. It consists of fourteen major peaks, and was named for Canada's Centennial in 1967. Its peaks bear the names of Canada's provinces and territories, with the exception of Nunavut, which was not a territory at the time. The tallest point is Centennial Peak. Nine of the peaks were climbed as part of the Yukon Alpine Centennial Expedition, part of the 1967 celebrations. The Saint Elias Mountains are the", "\"Mount Isto\"\nMount Isto Mount Isto is the highest peak in the Brooks Range, Alaska, USA. Located in the eastern Brooks Range, in what are known as the Romanzof Mountains, Mount Isto is south of Mount Hubley, the second tallest peak in the Brooks Range. Mount Isto is within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and was named in 1966 for Reynold E. (Pete) Isto, a civil engineer for the U.S. Geological Survey. In 2014, new measurement technology established that Mount Isto is the highest peak in the Brooks Range. Previously, Mount Chamberlin was believed to be the tallest, but it is now", "\"Mount Isto\"\nranked third. Mount Isto Mount Isto is the highest peak in the Brooks Range, Alaska, USA. Located in the eastern Brooks Range, in what are known as the Romanzof Mountains, Mount Isto is south of Mount Hubley, the second tallest peak in the Brooks Range. Mount Isto is within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and was named in 1966 for Reynold E. (Pete) Isto, a civil engineer for the U.S. Geological Survey. In 2014, new measurement technology established that Mount Isto is the highest peak in the Brooks Range. Previously, Mount Chamberlin was believed to be the tallest, but it", "\"Mount Hubley (Alaska)\"\nafter Mount Isto. Previously, Mount Chamberlin was believed to be the tallest, but it is now ranked third. Mount Hubley (Alaska) Mount Hubley is the second highest peak in the Brooks Range, Alaska, USA. Located in the eastern Brooks Range, in what are known as the Romanzof Mountains, Mount Hubley is north of Mount Isto, the tallest peak in the Brooks Range. Mount Hubley is within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and was named in 1958 for Dr. Richard Carleton Hubley, a coordinator for the International Geophysical Year who died in 1957 while doing research on the adjacent McCall Glacier.", "\"Freel Peak\"\nFreel Peak Freel Peak is a mountain located in the Carson Range, a spur of the Sierra Nevada, near Lake Tahoe in California. The peak is on the boundary between El Dorado County and Alpine County; and the boundary between the Eldorado National Forest and the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. At it is the tallest summit in the Carson Range, El Dorado County and the Tahoe Basin. Due to its elevation, most of the precipitation that falls on the mountain is snow. In 1893, the U.S. Geological Survey assigned the name Freel Peak to what was then known as Jobs Peak.", "\"Bow Range\"\na maximum width of 43 km. The highest peak is Mount Temple, with an elevation of . The range also covers the Valley of the Ten Peaks, with the tallest of the ten being Mount Hungabee at 3492 metres. The range also has hiking areas such as the Consolation Lakes, Sentinel Pass-Larch Valley, Wenkchenma Pass-Eiffel Lake, the beehive plain of the Six Glaciers system and Saddle Back Pass. Bow Range The Bow Range is a mountain range of the Canadian Rockies in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. The range is named in associated with the Bow River and was officially", "\"Glacier Bay Basin\"\nand Mount Quincy Adams . Between the bay and the coast, snow-clad peaks of the Fairweather Range capture the moisture coming in off the Gulf of Alaska and, in turn, spawn the park's largest glaciers. Mt. Fairweather is the tallest peak in the Fairweather Range and is very much unlike its name as it has a very harsh terrain. The Mt. Fairweather (officially gazetted as Fairweather Mountain in Canada but referred to as Mount Fairweather), is located east of the Pacific Ocean in the Glacier Bay region. While most of the mountain lies within the City and Borough of Yakutat,", "Mountaineering\n1897 Mount Saint Elias () on the Alaska-Yukon border was summitted by the Duke of the Abruzzi and party. But it was not until 1913 that Denali (), the tallest peak in North America, was successfully climbed by Hudson Stuck. Mount Logan (), the tallest peak in Canada was first summitted by a half dozen climbers in 1925 in an expedition that took more than two months. In 1879-1880 the exploration of the highest Andes in South America began when English mountaineer Edward Whymper climbed Chimborazo () and explored the mountains of Ecuador. The Cordillera between Chile and Argentina was", "\"Mount Hubley (Alaska)\"\nMount Hubley (Alaska) Mount Hubley is the second highest peak in the Brooks Range, Alaska, USA. Located in the eastern Brooks Range, in what are known as the Romanzof Mountains, Mount Hubley is north of Mount Isto, the tallest peak in the Brooks Range. Mount Hubley is within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and was named in 1958 for Dr. Richard Carleton Hubley, a coordinator for the International Geophysical Year who died in 1957 while doing research on the adjacent McCall Glacier. In 2014 new measurement technology established that Mount Hubley is the second highest peak in the Brooks Range", "\"Kinnerly Peak\"\nKinnerly Peak Kinnerly Peak () is located in the Livingston Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. It is approximately north of Kintla Peak, the highest peak in the Livingston Range, and south of the Canada–United States border. Both peaks are in the remote northwest corner of the park. Kinnerly Peak is the eighth tallest peak in Glacier National Park. Kinnerly Peak is notable for its huge north face, which rises steeply from Upper Kintla Lake. From the lake to the summit is an elevation gain of in approximately a horizontal . The first recorded ascent of", "\"Kintla Peak\"\nKintla Peak Kintla Peak () is part of the Livingston Range in Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. It is the tallest mountain in the Livingston Range and the third tallest in Glacier National Park. The Agassiz Glacier lies below it to the southeast. Kintla Peak consists of ancient Precambrian (Mesoproterozoic) rock strata that are part of the Belt Supergroup. It is named after the Kintla Lakes, and the word \"\"Kintla\"\" originates from the Kootenai word for \"\"sack\"\". Kootenai legend states that a man had apparently drowned in one of the lakes and likened the lake to", "\"Mount Katahdin\"\nThe mountain massif itself consists of multiple peaks. Baxter Peak is the tallest, and is the official northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail. South Peak and Pamola Peak are southeast and east of Baxter Peak, respectively, along the Knife Edge ridgeline, while Hamlin Peak lies to the north. The third highest mountain in Maine, Sugarloaf Mountain at 1,295 m (4,250 ft), is over one hundred miles to the southwest. There is low lake country to the south and west of Katahdin, and lowlands extending east to the Atlantic and north to the Saint Lawrence River in Canada. It is commonly", "\"Geography of China\"\nYellow River its color and name. The Loess Plateau is bound to the east by the Luliang Mountain of Shanxi, which has a narrow basin running north to south along the Fen River. Further east are the Taihang Mountains of Hebei, the dominant topographical feature of North China. The world's tallest mountains, the Karakorum, Pamirs and Tian Shan divide China from South and Central Asia. Eleven of the seventeen tallest mountain peaks on Earth are located on China's western borders. They include the world's tallest peak Mt. Everest (8848 m) in the Himalayas on the border with Nepal and the", "\"Lime Peak (Arizona)\"\nLime Peak (Arizona) Lime Peak is a summit in Cochise County, Arizona, north of Interstate 10 between Benson and Willcox and northwest of Dragoon, Arizona. It is one of three named peak in the Little Dragoon Mountains. Two of the peaks are named the Mae West Peaks since there appearance was thought to be reminiscent of the figure of the actress Mae West. In 1935 the Coast And Geodetic Survey referred to the tallest of the Mae West peaks as Lime. In 1984 the U.S. Board on Geographic Names officially assigned the name Lime Peak to its current location. It", "\"Lime Peak (Arizona)\"\nhad also been known as Johnson Peak. Lime Peak (Arizona) Lime Peak is a summit in Cochise County, Arizona, north of Interstate 10 between Benson and Willcox and northwest of Dragoon, Arizona. It is one of three named peak in the Little Dragoon Mountains. Two of the peaks are named the Mae West Peaks since there appearance was thought to be reminiscent of the figure of the actress Mae West. In 1935 the Coast And Geodetic Survey referred to the tallest of the Mae West peaks as Lime. In 1984 the U.S. Board on Geographic Names officially assigned the name", "\"Medieval Faire (Canada's Wonderland)\"\nRage became Dragon Fire, Wild Beast, Spinovator, Nightmares, and The Rage. When the park was sold to Cedar Fair, Paramount-specific ride names disappeared with Cliffhanger, Drop Zone becoming Riptide, Drop Tower, respectively. In 2012, the Leviathan joined the similarly named Behemoth at Canada's Wonderland, stripping the Behemoth of its titles as tallest ride in Canada and fastest ride in Canada. It was the first new ride in Medieval Faire in more than a decade. \"\"Leviathan\"\" is ranked as the seventh tallest, and the eighth fastest roller coaster in the world. It is Canada's Wonderland's 16th roller coaster. The addition came", "\"James Peak Wilderness\"\nJames, pioneer and botanist. Originally Pikes Peak was named James Peak prior to Pike's exploration journey. After the renaming to Pikes Peak, the current James Peak was named. James Peak Wilderness The James Peak Wilderness is a U.S. Wilderness Area in north central Colorado in the Arapaho and Roosevelt national forests. The wilderness area borders Indian Peaks Wilderness to the north and the James Peak Protection Area to the west. The wilderness area encompasses immediately east of the Continental Divide in Gilpin County and Clear Creek County. The wilderness is named after its second tallest mountain, James Peak. Parry Peak", "\"Canada Square\"\nCanada Square Canada Square is a public square at Canary Wharf, on the Isle of Dogs in London's Docklands. It is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in the East End of Central London along the River Thames. Canada Square is surrounded by three of the tallest buildings in the United Kingdom, including One Canada Square, which was the tallest building in the United Kingdom from 1990 until late 2010, when it was surpassed by The Shard. The complex is named for Canada by Olympia and York, the original developers of the site owned by the Paul Reichmann family", "\"Mount Rainier\"\nof Colorado John Hickenlooper. After the 2015 restoration of the original name <q>Denali</q> to Mount McKinley in Alaska, debate over Mount Rainier's name intensified. Mount Rainier is the tallest mountain in Washington and the Cascade Range. This peak is located just east of Eatonville and just southeast of Seattle and Tacoma. Mount Rainier is ranked third of the 128 ultra-prominent mountain peaks of the United States. Mount Rainier has a topographic prominence of , which is greater than that of K2, the world's second-tallest mountain, at . On clear days it dominates the southeastern horizon in most of the Seattle-Tacoma", "\"Four Peaks\"\nFour Peaks Four Peaks () is a prominent landmark on the eastern skyline of Phoenix. Part of the Mazatzal Mountains, it is located in the Four Peaks Wilderness. on the Tonto National Forest, east-northeast of Phoenix. In winter, Four Peaks offers much of the Phoenix metro area a view of snow-covered peaks. Four Peaks is the site of an amethyst mine that produces top-grade amethyst. The name Four Peaks is a reference to the four distinct peaks of a north–south ridge forming the massif's summit. The northernmost peak is named Brown's Peak and is the tallest of the four at", "\"Fentress Architects\"\nof giant white tepees. The airport is at its most beautiful when you approach by air from the east and see the glowing man-made peaks silhouetted against the Rockies. World's 4th tallest building completed in 2009: Fentress is the designer of the world's 4th tallest building completed in 2009—Arraya Tower in Kuwait City, also the tallest in Kuwait. Arraya is one of 14 high rises in Fentress' design portfolio in the Persian Gulf. Fentress has developed a design process he calls the \"\"Patient Search\"\". He has said of the process; \"\"I don't begin with a preconceived notion of what the", "\"Presidential Range\"\nsome of the world's highest mountains, including K2 and Everest. Mt. Washington, long home of the highest winds recorded on the surface of the Earth at , is the tallest at , followed by neighboring peaks Mt. Adams at and Mt. Jefferson at . The range is almost entirely in Coos County. The highest mountains in the Presidential Range are named principally for U.S. presidents, with the tallest mountain (Mt. Washington) named for the first president, the second tallest (Mt. Adams) for the second president, and so on. However, due to a surveying error, Mt. Monroe is actually taller than", "\"Mont Tremblant Resort\"\nMont Tremblant Resort Mont Tremblant Ski Resort (commonly referred to as Tremblant) is a year-round resort in the Laurentian Mountains of Quebec, Canada, located about northwest of Montreal. It is best known as a ski destination, but also features Lake Tremblant suitable for swimming and two golf courses in the summer months. The name of the mountain, Mont Tremblant, was derived from the Algonquin indigenous people, who called it the \"\"trembling mountain.\"\" The summit is at an elevation of , which makes it one of the tallest peaks in the Laurentians. The resort is owned by Alterra Mountain Company. The", "\"James Peak Wilderness\"\nJames Peak Wilderness The James Peak Wilderness is a U.S. Wilderness Area in north central Colorado in the Arapaho and Roosevelt national forests. The wilderness area borders Indian Peaks Wilderness to the north and the James Peak Protection Area to the west. The wilderness area encompasses immediately east of the Continental Divide in Gilpin County and Clear Creek County. The wilderness is named after its second tallest mountain, James Peak. Parry Peak is the highest peak in the James Peak Wilderness, at . The wilderness was established by H.R.1576 in the 107th Congress (2001). James Peak was named after Edwin", "\"Mount Stanford\"\nMount Stanford Mount Stanford, at an elevation of , is on the Kings-Kern Divide in Kings Canyon National Park. It is named for Stanford University. It is the fifteenth tallest mountain in California and is located about from University Peak which was named for the University of California. On August 1, 1896 Professor Bolton Coit Brown of Stanford made the first recorded ascent and requested that it be named Mount Stanford. Since there was another peak with the same name in Placer County, he suggested the peak he climbed be named Stanford University peak if his first choice was rejected.", "\"Fenwick Tower (Halifax)\"\nscrapped the idea of the pool before construction reached that phase. Other myths about Fenwick Tower include: Fenwick Tower (Halifax) Fenwick Tower is a residential apartment building in the south end of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. At 98 metres and 33 storeys in height, it is the tallest building in Atlantic Canada and the tallest structure in Canada east of Montreal. The building was completed in 1971 and was officially named Fenwick Place, though most Halifax-area residents referred to it as Fenwick Tower. It occupies a property between Fenwick Street and South Street; it takes its name from Fenwick Street,", "\"Fenwick Tower (Halifax)\"\nFenwick Tower (Halifax) Fenwick Tower is a residential apartment building in the south end of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. At 98 metres and 33 storeys in height, it is the tallest building in Atlantic Canada and the tallest structure in Canada east of Montreal. The building was completed in 1971 and was officially named Fenwick Place, though most Halifax-area residents referred to it as Fenwick Tower. It occupies a property between Fenwick Street and South Street; it takes its name from Fenwick Street, which in turn honours Sir William Fenwick Williams, former Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia. At the time", "\"Elsinore Mountains\"\nElsinore Mountains Elsinore Mountains, a ridge of mountains within the larger range of the Santa Ana Mountains, in the Cleveland National Forest, Riverside County, California, United States. the tallest peaks within the range is the unofficially named San Mateo Peak at . Second is officially named Elsinore Peak at . The Elsinore Mountanins run in a ridge from just east of El Cariso, southeast to Elsinore Peak. Beyond that peak the ridge begins to descend and curves to the east. From Elsinore Peak, a ridge runs to the west and then northwest to San Mateo Peak, enclosing the Morrell Potrero", "\"Bishop Peak (California)\"\nBishop Peak (California) Bishop Peak is a volcanic plug in San Luis Obispo, California. It is the tallest of the Morros or \"\"Nine Sisters\"\", a chain of similar peaks stretching to Morro Bay. Often said to take its name from its resemblance to a bishop's miter, it is named in homage to the town's name (San Luis Obispo). \"\"Obispo\"\" is the Spanish word for Bishop. Like the other Morros, Bishop Peak is primarily composed of dacite. About 20 to 25 million years ago, magma welled up underneath a layer of softer rock and solidified. The softer overlying rock has since", "\"Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve\"\nGulf of Alaska and Canada. The Canada–US border approaches to within of the ocean in the St. Elias Mountains at Mount Fairweather, the park's tallest peak at , transitioning to the Fairweather Range from there southwards. The Brady Icefield caps the Fairweather Range on a peninsula extending from the ocean to Glacier Bay, which extends from Icy Strait to the Canada–US border at Grand Pacific Glacier, cutting off the western part of the park. To the east of Glacier Bay the Takhinsha Mountains and the Chilkat Range form a peninsula bounded by the Lynn Canal on the east, with the", "\"Fortification Rock\"\nthe way. Fortification Rock, now an island, was before the building of Boulder Dam and the filling of Lake Mead, the tallest peak of a small range of hills, a landmark on the west bank of the Colorado River just above the top entrance to the Black Canyon of the Colorado. It was named by 1st Lieutenant Joseph Christmas Ives, March 11, 1858, during his 1857-1858 expedition to find the upper limit of navigation for the Colorado. It marked what he considered that highest point for steamboat navigation, during the June to October season of high water. He had left", "Vellarimala\nhigh mountains between 1200m-2000m which is floristically and faunistically similar to the Nilgiri Hills. The tallest peak in this range is called Vavul Mala. At an altitude of 7677 foot high(2339m), it is the tallest of the Western Ghats to the north of Nilgiri Hills. Vellarimala Vellarimala Hills (Malayalam: വെളളരിമല)is a mountain range in Kerala, India, spread across Thiruvambady Panchayat in Kozhikode district and Meppadi Panchayat in Wayanad district. Vellarimala forms a part of a high hill range of what is otherwise known as Camel's Hump Mountains, a part of the Western Ghats. Most of the hill range falls in", "\"Granite Peak-Northwest Peak\"\nGranite Peak-Northwest Peak Granite Peak-Northwest Peak () is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is also known as Peak 12745, and is only northwest of Granite Peak, the tallest mountain in Montana. With just over of topographic prominence, Granite Peak-Northwest Peak may be considered a distinct peak from Granite Peak, or merely a lower subpeak due to being part of the same massif. If considered a distinct peak, it is the second tallest mountain in Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness on the border of Custer and Gallatin National Forests.", "\"Granite Peak-Northwest Peak\"\nGranite Peak-Northwest Peak Granite Peak-Northwest Peak () is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is also known as Peak 12745, and is only northwest of Granite Peak, the tallest mountain in Montana. With just over of topographic prominence, Granite Peak-Northwest Peak may be considered a distinct peak from Granite Peak, or merely a lower subpeak due to being part of the same massif. If considered a distinct peak, it is the second tallest mountain in Montana. Granite Peak-Northwest Peak is in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness on the border of Custer and Gallatin National Forests.", "\"Wheeler Peak (Nevada)\"\nend of Wheeler Peak Scenic Drive directly to the summit, making for a hike. Afternoon storms are likely during the summer. The distinction of highest point in Nevada goes to the summit of Boundary Peak, so named because it is just east of the Nevada-California border, at the northern terminus of the White Mountains. Wheeler Peak is, however, the tallest independent mountain in the state since Boundary Peak is considered a subsidiary summit of Montgomery Peak, whose summit is in California. The topographic prominence of Boundary Peak is , which falls under the often used cutoff for an independent peak.", "\"Strawberry Peak\"\nStrawberry Peak Strawberry Peak () is a prominent peak in the San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County, California. It is located about north of Pasadena, and from Los Angeles, along the Angeles Crest Highway. Strawberry Peak is the tallest of the front range peaks, being three feet higher than nearby San Gabriel Peak. Both can be widely seen from greater Los Angeles and the San Gabriel Valley, and are popular with hikers. Other prominent nearby peaks include Josephine Peak and Mount Wilson. Strawberry Peak was named by mountaineers over a century ago, who felt the peak resembled an enormous", "\"Wheeler Peak (Nevada)\"\nWheeler Peak (Nevada) Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and in White Pine County, in Nevada, United States. The summit elevation of makes it the second-highest peak in Nevada, just behind Boundary Peak. With a topographic prominence of , Wheeler Peak is the most topographically prominent peak in White Pine County and the second-most prominent peak in Nevada, just behind Mount Charleston. The mountain is located in Great Basin National Park and was named for George Wheeler, leader of the Wheeler Survey of the late 19th century. Wheeler Peak has an impressive headwall above a large", "\"Pipalyatjara, South Australia\"\ndegrees in June. Annual rainfall averages 284.2 millimetres. Little is known about how the traditional owners and other peoples came to have a settlement at what is now known as Pipalyatjara. Pipalyatjara was formerly known as Mount Davies, named after the tallest local peak. Chrysoprase was mined at Pipalyatjara until recently. Pipalyatjara has an airstrip (to which mail is delivered once a week) and a health facility staffed by 2 nurses, with a doctor from Fregon making regular visits. There are council facilities. Diesel power generation facilities supply power to the community. Water is provided from 2 bores and placed", "\"Phyllis Munday\"\nin a tent, and then a cabin on Grouse Mountain where Don worked cutting a trail from Lonsdale Avenue in North Vancouver, British Columbia to the summit, while Phyllis ran the Alpine Lodge, serving hot drinks and meals to hikers. In 1925, while on a trip to Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, Don and Phyllis Munday spotted what they believed to be a peak taller than Mount Robson, the then accepted tallest peak entirely within British Columbia. In the words of Don Munday \"\"The compass showed the alluring peak stood along a line passing a little east of Bute Inlet and", "\"Mount Waddington\"\ncompared by colonial-era travellers). Mount Waddington is the namesake of the Mount Waddington Regional District, which takes in the seaward slope of the Waddington Range and the adjoining coastline and parts of northern Vancouver Island adjacent to Queen Charlotte Strait. In 1925, while on a trip to Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, Don and Phyllis Munday spotted what they believed to be a peak taller than Mount Robson, then accepted as the tallest peak entirely within British Columbia. In the words of Don Munday, \"\"The compass showed the alluring peak stood along a line passing a little east of Bute Inlet", "\"Matterhorn Peak\"\nMatterhorn Peak Matterhorn Peak is located in the Sierra Nevada, in the western U.S. state of California, at the northern boundary of Yosemite National Park. At elevation, it is the tallest peak in the craggy Alps-like Sawtooth Ridge and the northernmost peak in the Sierra Nevada. The peak also supports the Sierra's northernmost glacier system. It was named after the Matterhorn in the Alps. The peak can be ascended without climbing gear. Jack Kerouac, in \"\"The Dharma Bums\"\" (1958), describes a hike up and a run down the mountain. This led to the classic observation, \"\"You can't fall off a", "\"Matterhorn Peak\"\nmountain.\"\" Matterhorn Peak Matterhorn Peak is located in the Sierra Nevada, in the western U.S. state of California, at the northern boundary of Yosemite National Park. At elevation, it is the tallest peak in the craggy Alps-like Sawtooth Ridge and the northernmost peak in the Sierra Nevada. The peak also supports the Sierra's northernmost glacier system. It was named after the Matterhorn in the Alps. The peak can be ascended without climbing gear. Jack Kerouac, in \"\"The Dharma Bums\"\" (1958), describes a hike up and a run down the mountain. This led to the classic observation, \"\"You can't fall off", "\"Pinacate Peaks\"\nPinacate Peaks The Pinacate Peaks (Sierra Pinacate, ) are a group of volcanic peaks and cinder cones located mostly in the Mexican state of Sonora along the international border adjacent to the U.S. state of Arizona, surrounded by the vast sand dune field of the Gran Desierto de Altar, at the desert's southeast. The Spanish name for the \"\"Pinacate Peaks\"\" geographic feature is the Sierra Pinacate, which is used in their homeland of Mexico. The Pinacate Peaks lie just north of the fishing resort of Puerto Peñasco. The tallest of the peaks is Cerro del Pinacate (also called Volcan Santa", "\"De dicto and de re\"\nand Superman are one and the same. Consider the sentence \"\"Jana wants to marry the tallest man in Fulsom County\"\". It could be read either \"\"de dicto\"\" or \"\"de re\"\"; the meanings would be different. One interpretation is that Jana wants to marry the tallest man in Fulsom County, whoever he might be. On this interpretation, what the statement tells us is that Jana has a certain unspecific desire; what she desires is that a certain situation should obtain, namely, \"\"Jana's marrying the tallest man in Fulsom County\"\". The desire is directed at that situation, regardless of how it is", "\"Banner Peak\"\nbetween Banner Peak and the slightly taller Mount Ritter. Other nearby lakes include Lake Catherine and Shadow Lake. The peak was named in 1883 by USGS topographer Willard D. Johnson who observed a banner cloud streaming from the summit. Banner Peak Banner Peak is the second tallest peak in the Ritter Range of California's Sierra Nevada. The mountain is tall, and there are several glaciers on its slopes. It lies within the boundaries of the Ansel Adams Wilderness; at the foot of the peak lie Garnet Lake, Lake Ediza, and the famous Thousand Island Lake. Banner Peak is near the", "\"What's Your Name (Lynyrd Skynyrd song)\"\ndrum kits and keyboards in addition to three-part harmony vocals. What's Your Name (Lynyrd Skynyrd song) \"\"What's Your Name\"\" is a rock song by Lynyrd Skynyrd, the opening track on their album \"\"Street Survivors\"\". It peaked at #13 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and at #6 in Canada. Lynyrd Skynyrd lead vocalist Ronnie Van Zant and guitarist Gary Rossington wrote \"\"What's Your Name\"\" while in Miami with producer Tom Dowd and Booker T. & the M.G.'s guitarist Steve Cropper. The lyrics depict a true story of the band drinking at their hotel bar during a tour when one of their", "\"What's Your Name (Lynyrd Skynyrd song)\"\nWhat's Your Name (Lynyrd Skynyrd song) \"\"What's Your Name\"\" is a rock song by Lynyrd Skynyrd, the opening track on their album \"\"Street Survivors\"\". It peaked at #13 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and at #6 in Canada. Lynyrd Skynyrd lead vocalist Ronnie Van Zant and guitarist Gary Rossington wrote \"\"What's Your Name\"\" while in Miami with producer Tom Dowd and Booker T. & the M.G.'s guitarist Steve Cropper. The lyrics depict a true story of the band drinking at their hotel bar during a tour when one of their roadies got into a fight. The band got kicked out", "\"Don Munday\"\nfrom Lonsdale Avenue in North Vancouver to the summit, while Phyllis ran the Alpine Lodge, serving hot drinks and meals to hikers. In 1925, while on a trip to Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, Don and Phyllis Munday spotted what they believed to be a peak taller than Mount Robson, the then accepted tallest peak entirely within British Columbia. In the words of Don Munday \"\"The compass showed the alluring peak stood along a line passing a little east of Bute Inlet and perhaps 150 miles away, where blank spaces on the map left ample room for many nameless mountains.\"\" While", "\"Arma Konda\"\nits topographic isolation. The peak has an isolation of . Arma Konda Arama Konda or Sitamma Konda, is a mountain peak in the northern part of the Eastern Ghats and located in Godavari river basin. It is located in the Madugula Konda sub range north of Paderu village in Andhra Pradesh, India. At 1680 m Arama Konda is the highest mountain peak in the state of Andhra Pradesh as well as in the Godavari river basin. It is also the tallest peak of the Eastern Ghats. The peak is named as Sitamma Konda in Survey of India maps. Arma Konda", "Mountaineering\nEdwin James and two others in 1820. Though lower than Pikes Peak, the heavily glaciated Fremont Peak () in Wyoming was thought to be the tallest mountain in the Rockies when it was first climbed by John C. Frémont and two others in 1842. Pico de Orizaba (), the tallest peak in Mexico and third tallest in North America, was first climbed by U.S. military personnel which included William F. Raynolds and a half dozen other climbers in 1848. Heavily glaciated and more technical climbs in North American were not achieved until the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In", "\"Hualapai Mountains\"\nHualapai Mountains The Hualapai Mountains (Mojave language: \"\"Amat 'Avii Kahuwaaly\"\"), are a mountain range in Mohave County, near Kingman in Arizona. \"\"Hualapai\"\" means \"\"People of the tall Pines\"\" in the Hualapai language. The mountain range consists of five main peaks: Dean Peak, Getz Peak, Aspen Peak, and Hayden Peak overlooking the broad Hualapai Valley to the north toward Kingman; and the tallest, Hualapai Peak, on the south. Hiking trails reach Aspen and Hayden Peaks. Several areas, including Ghett's and Hayden Peaks, are home to radio transmitter/receiver towers. The Hualapai Mountains are covered in pine trees, namely pinyon pine. Above the", "\"Wheeler Peak (Nevada)\"\nof great age. A Bristlecone Pine named Prometheus, which was at least 4,862 years old and the oldest known non-clonal organism, grew here before it was inadvertently cut down in 1964 as part of a research project. Limber Pine, which can live for over 1,000 years, are also found in the area. Wheeler Peak (Nevada) Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and in White Pine County, in Nevada, United States. The summit elevation of makes it the second-highest peak in Nevada, just behind Boundary Peak. With a topographic prominence of , Wheeler Peak is the most", "\"Boistfort, Washington\"\nBoistfort, Washington Boistfort is an unincorporated community in Lewis County, Washington, United States. It lies away from Chehalis and has one of the tallest peaks that is not a mountain in the entire state of Washington, Boistfort Peak (also called Baw Faw Peak). It has a K-8 school, a library and a tennis court. The original one-room school was established as the first school district in the Territory of Washington. A post office called Boisfort was established in 1857, the name was changed to Boistfort in 1907, and the post office closed in 1918. The community took its name from", "\"Black River National Forest Scenic Byway\"\nstaying shy of the banks as it passes through the woods. The woods through which the roadway passes contain pine, hemlock and hardwood trees. The Royal Palm Ranch, a nationally known equestrian school is located along the road on of land next to the river. The byway curves away from the river near Copper Peak, the tallest ski flying hill in the world. The 18-story facility allows visitors on clear enough days to see in the distance to places like Minnesota, Isle Royale and Canada. North of Copper Peak, the road once again roughly parallels the river, but staying away", "\"Wheeler Peak Glacier\"\nWheeler Peak Glacier Wheeler Peak Glacier is a glacier situated at the base of Wheeler Peak within Great Basin National Park in the U.S. state of Nevada. It has been called the southernmost glacier in the Northern Hemisphere but is much further north than Mount Everest and glaciers of the Himalaya and also further north than Palisade Glacier in California. At a height of Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and the second tallest mountain in Nevada. The mountain top is also considered to be a horn, a peak carved and shaped by glaciers over a", "\"Bishop Peak (California)\"\nor Patricia Drive trailheads, and it can be taken as an alternate route to the summit. It was named the 'Oh Man' trail due to the fact that it is a short, sprinty trail and it must be taken at a steady tempo in order to maintain safety. It is rated a Scramble Class 4, but it is off of the main trail, and therefore access is currently closed. Bishop Peak (California) Bishop Peak is a volcanic plug in San Luis Obispo, California. It is the tallest of the Morros or \"\"Nine Sisters\"\", a chain of similar peaks stretching to", "\"Alagna Valsesia\"\nThe Guides Association was founded in 1872 and it is the oldest in Italy second only to that of Courmayeur (1868). From the town started all the first expeditions on the close Monte Rosa; the first one was on 23 July 1801 when Pietro Giordani, a native of Alagna, reached the summit of the peak which now is called by his name (Giordani peak, ). On 1819 Zumstein reached the third highest Monte Rosa peak (Zumstein peak, ). Finally between August the 8th and the 9th, the Alagna parish priest, reached, after three attempts, the fourth tallest peak of Monte", "\"Lassen Peak\"\nthe Geographic Names Information System lists the mountain's elevation at . Lassen Peak marks the southernmost major volcano in the Cascade Range, rising above the northern Sacramento Valley. Bounded by the Sacramento Valley and the Klamath Mountains to the west and the Sierra Nevada mountain range to the south, it is the second tallest peak in the California segment of the Cascades, behind Mount Shasta, which lies to the north. Due to its proximity to nearby volcanoes Mount Tehama and Mount Diller, it is not easy to distinguish from its neighboring peaks. Lassen Peak has the highest known winter snowfall", "\"Takakkaw Falls\"\npeak condition. The Takakkaw Falls were featured in the 1995 film \"\"Last of the Dogmen\"\". Takakkaw Falls Takakkaw Falls is a waterfall located in Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia in Canada. Its highest point is from its base, making it the 2nd tallest waterfall in Canada. However its true \"\"free-fall\"\" is only . \"\"Takakkaw\"\", loosely translated from Cree, means something like \"\"it is magnificent\"\". The falls are fed by the Daly Glacier which is part of the Waputik Icefield. The glacier keeps the volume of the falls up during the warm summer months, and they are a tourist", "\"Grizzly Peak (Summit County, Colorado)\"\nPeak () sit nearby, and the closest major town is Silver Plume, Colorado. It is also in close proximity to Mount Sniktau, which rises to at its peak. Other nearby points of interest include Loveland Ski Area, Breckenridge Ski Resort, Keystone Ski Resort and the Arapahoe Basin. The state of Colorado actually has four other Grizzly Peaks and one Grizzly Mountain on record. The Grizzly Peak in Chaffee County, which sits in the Sawatch Range, is the tallest of these. The Summit County Grizzly Peak is fourth-tallest of the mountains, and is thus also referred to as \"\"Grizzly Peak D\"\":", "\"Skyscrapers of Windsor, Ontario\"\nlooks similar to the Bell Canada Building. Caesars Windsor's main tower stands at 21 floors, and was constructed in 1998. Caesars Windsor's second tower (nicknamed \"\"Augustus\"\") is finished and is open to the public. The tower stands at 27 floors, and is the tallest building in Windsor at . Once built, it exceeded the Victoria Park Place apartment tower, which is as Windsor's tallest building. Currently, the top floor remains partially unfinished, until the casino makes a final decision on into what to turn it, with the leading idea being a nightclub or dance club, as it has views of", "\"Warren Macdonald\"\nhis pants. A year later he climbed Federation Peak in Tasmania, Australia. In February 2003 he became the first double-above knee amputee to reach the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Africa's tallest peak while using specialty climbing prostheses developed by Hanger prosthetists Kevin Carroll and Chad Simpson. More recently Warren climbed El Capitan in the Sierra Nevada, California, United States and the Weeping Wall in Alberta, Canada. Macdonald has written a book called \"\"A Test of Will\"\". He told the story of the accident on Discovery Channel's programme \"\"I Shouldn't Be Alive\"\". The episode title is Crushed under a", "\"Arma Konda\"\nArma Konda Arama Konda or Sitamma Konda, is a mountain peak in the northern part of the Eastern Ghats and located in Godavari river basin. It is located in the Madugula Konda sub range north of Paderu village in Andhra Pradesh, India. At 1680 m Arama Konda is the highest mountain peak in the state of Andhra Pradesh as well as in the Godavari river basin. It is also the tallest peak of the Eastern Ghats. The peak is named as Sitamma Konda in Survey of India maps. Arma Konda lies second only to Anamudi in India in terms of", "\"Una Peaks\"\nSurvey. The tallest tower has only been summited once; this was by a German team in 1999. Una Peaks Una Peaks, formerly known as Cape Renard Towers, are two towers of basalt, each topped by a cap of ice, guarding the northern entrance to the Lemaire Channel on the Antarctic Peninsula. With the highest summit at , The formation has been long colloquially known as \"\"Una's Tits\"\". The peaks appear on a British Antarctic Territory stamp although they are not identified as such. The individual towers are referred to as \"\"buttresses\"\". Una Spivey was the name of a secretary in", "\"Freel Peak\"\nJames Freel was an early settler in the area. Freel Peak Freel Peak is a mountain located in the Carson Range, a spur of the Sierra Nevada, near Lake Tahoe in California. The peak is on the boundary between El Dorado County and Alpine County; and the boundary between the Eldorado National Forest and the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. At it is the tallest summit in the Carson Range, El Dorado County and the Tahoe Basin. Due to its elevation, most of the precipitation that falls on the mountain is snow. In 1893, the U.S. Geological Survey assigned the name Freel", "\"Wheeler Peak Glacier\"\nwill likely disappear within the next 20 years. Wheeler Peak Glacier Wheeler Peak Glacier is a glacier situated at the base of Wheeler Peak within Great Basin National Park in the U.S. state of Nevada. It has been called the southernmost glacier in the Northern Hemisphere but is much further north than Mount Everest and glaciers of the Himalaya and also further north than Palisade Glacier in California. At a height of Wheeler Peak is the tallest mountain in the Snake Range and the second tallest mountain in Nevada. The mountain top is also considered to be a horn, a", "\"Geladaindong Peak\"\nGeladaindong Peak Geladaindong Peak (also spelled Geladandong, Geladaintong or Kolha Dardong) is a snow-covered mountain (or massif) located in southwestern Qinghai province of China near the border of Tibet Autonomous Region. It is the tallest mountain in the Tanggula Mountain Range of the Tibetan Plateau with an elevation of above sea level. The traditional source of the Yangtze River, begins with glaciers on its surface. The Yangtze's true source, however, lies away at the head of the Dam Qu. The mountain's name is Geladaindong in the Tibetan language. The name in Chinese is 各拉丹冬 (pinyin: Gèlādāndōng) or 各拉丹冬峰 (pinyin: Gèlādāndōng", "\"Mount Akaishi\"\nMount Akaishi , is a peak in the Akaishi Mountains, on the border of Shizuoka and Nagano Prefectures in central Honshū, Japan. On June 1, 1964, the mountain was included within the Minami Alps National Park. At , Mount Akaish is the 7th tallest peak in Japan and the 4th tallest peak in the Akaishi Mountains. The peak is located within the Minami Alps National Park. There is a triangulation station on the summit, with a Mountain hut located below, on its southern approach. On the eastern slope is a cirque, with the trace remnants of Japan’s southernmost glacier. At", "\"Strachur Bay\"\nhad been his first London pupil. Above Strachur Bay is the 481 metre of the Cruach nan Capull, which can be directly seem to the south when viewed at some height. Behind Strachur Bay, is the hill of Meall Reamhar at 293 metres which rises and follows the south by southeast direction of the loch. Meall Reamhar is heavily forrested, on what remains of the old Glenbranter Forest. Meall Reamhar rises to a shallow peak at An Càrr at 335 metres, still following the direction of the loch, reaching Sidhean Sluaigh at 436 metres, with the tallest peak of Cruach", "\"Qianling Mausoleum\"\nof the tomb structures are subterranean. The tumulus mounds on the southern peaks are called \"\"Naitoushan\"\" or \"\"Nipple Hills\"\", due to their resemblance to the shape of nipples. The Nipple Hills, with towers erected on the top of each to accentuate the hills' name, form a sort of gateway into Qianling Mausoleum. The main tumulus mound is on the northern peak; it is the tallest of the mounds and is the burial place of Gaozong and Wu Zetian. Halfway up this northern peak, the builders of the site dug a 61 m (200 ft) long and 4 m (13 ft)", "\"Mount Holmes\"\n\"\"Mount Gallatin\"\". Prior to 1878, the peak was routinely referred to as \"\"Mount Madison\"\" because of its proximity to the Madison River. In 1878 Henry Gannett and geologist William H. Holmes, members of the third Hayden Geologic Survey, ascended the peak. Gannett named the peak \"\"Mount Holmes\"\". The summit of Mount Holmes can be reached via the Mount Holmes-Winter Creek trail. The trailhead is located near Apollonaris Spring on the Mammoth-Norris section of the Grand Loop Road. Mount Holmes Mount Holmes is a prominent mountain peak in Yellowstone National Park. It is the tallest mountain in the Wyoming portion of", "\"Mount Aino\"\nMount Aino , or Ainodake, is a peak of the Akaishi Mountains−Southern Alps, in Minami Alps National Park, Japan. At , it is the fourth tallest peak in Japan and the second highest in the Akaishi Mountains. its peak lies on the border of Aoi-ku and Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture, and of Minami-Alps in Yamanashi Prefecture. Mount Aino is one of the landmark 100 Famous Japanese Mountains. Within the Akaishi Mountains, Mount Aino is situated roughly south of Mount Kita, the ranges' tallest peak. Together with to the south the three mountains may be referred to as . East of", "\"Kintla Peak\"\nfrom the Agassiz Glacier basin. This route has a long approach and a large total vertical gain, and involves rock scrambling up to Class 4, in addition to some climbing on snow, depending on the season. Other routes include the East Ridge, West Face, and Upper North Face routes. Kintla Peak Kintla Peak () is part of the Livingston Range in Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. It is the tallest mountain in the Livingston Range and the third tallest in Glacier National Park. The Agassiz Glacier lies below it to the southeast. Kintla Peak consists of", "\"Shoshone National Forest\"\nprimarily of Precambrian granitic rock. Gannett Peak, the tallest mountain in Wyoming, is in the northern part of the range. Altogether eight peaks exceed and 119 rise at least above sea level. Fremont Peak, the second highest peak in the range, was originally believed to be the tallest mountain in the Rocky Mountains due to its prominence when viewed from the Oregon Trail by early pioneers. The Wind River Range is popular with mountain climbers because of its solid rock and variety of routes. The Cirque of the Towers in the Popo Agie Wilderness is one of the more popular", "\"Cathedral Group\"\nCathedral Group The Cathedral Group is the group of the tallest mountains of the Teton Range, all of which are located in Grand Teton National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The Cathedral Group are classic alpine peaks, with pyramidal shapes caused by glacial motion. The highest peak in the group is Grand Teton, which rises more than above Jackson Hole valley, and is the second tallest mountain in Wyoming, after Gannett Peak. The Cathedral Group is separated by other tall peaks of the range by the Cascade Canyon to the north and Avalanche Canyon to the south. Half", "\"Stanley Peak (Ball Range)\"\nStanley Peak (Ball Range) Stanley Peak is a 3,155 m high mountain located in the Ball Range, at the northeastern section of Kootenay National Park, in the Canadian Rocky Mountains (British Columbia, Canada). The mountain was named in 1901 by its first climber, the English explorer Edward Whymper, after Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, the sixth Governor-General of Canada. There are sources that date the naming in 1912 after Stanley H. Mitchell, Secretary-Treasurer of Alpine Club of Canada. The peak is visible from the Trans-Canada Highway and Highway 93. Stanley Glacier on the northeast face of the peak can", "\"Pavant Range\"\nthe range at Scipio pass, near Scipio. Interstate 70 crosses at a pass between the Pavant Range and the Tushar Mountains to the south. Iron meteorite fragments with a mass of named the Salina meteorite were found in the Pavant Range in 1908. Pavant Range The Pavant Range (also Pahvant) is a mountain range in central Utah east of Fillmore. The range is named for the Pahvant tribe, a branch of the Ute people. The tallest peak is Mine Camp Peak at . Most of the land in the Pavant range is part of Fishlake National Forest. Richfield lies in", "Sirumalai\noccur here. A myriad forms of lesser-known Insects and Moths etc. are present. Located in Sirumalai is Agathya Puram. Named after the prominent Agathya Siddhar. Located in Agathya Puram is Silver Hill, this is the tallest hill in Sirumalai. It is said that the peak of the Silver hill was made up of Silver but to avoid man's destruective actions during the Kali Yuga the hill was transformed via Alchemy in to stone by Agathya Siddhar, hence it got the name silver hill. The hills silver glitter can be still seen in the sun light. In the peak of this", "Varayadumotta\nand the second peak is the highest peak in Varayadumotta. It is third adventurous trekking in South India after Meesapulimala and Agastyarkoodam. Popular tourist spots near to Varayadumotta peak include Kallar river, Ponmudi, Meenmutty waterfalls, Manakayam waterfalls and Brimore estate. It is 40 km away from Thiruvanathapuram city. Varayadumotta Varayadumotta (Malayalam: വരയാടുമൊട്ട) is the tallest peak in the Ponmudi mountain range (Western ghats), Nedumangad taluk, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India. As its name come from Nilgiri tahr / Varayadu. It is one of the isolated place which is favourable home for mountain goats (Nilgiri Tahr) in acute population. These mountain range is", "\"Trzy Korony\"\nsharp peaks, made of resistant limestone. The highest of the peaks is called Okrąglica. It stands 982 meters above sea level. At the top of Okrąglica there is an observation platform complete with metal barriers built for the tourists. – The platform, overlooking Dunajec River Gorge, can accommodate up to 15 people at a time. The second tallest peak (southeast of Okrąglica), is called Płaska Skała, rising 950 m above sea level. The next peak known as Nad Ogródki located southwest of Okrąglica, is the third tallest, rising 940 m above sea level. At its top, there used to be", "\"Eiffel Peak\"\nEiffel Peak Eiffel Peak is a mountain summit in Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. It's part of the Bow Range, which is a sub-range of the Canadian Rockies. The nearest higher peak is Mount Temple, to the northeast. The first ascent was made in 1901 by Charles S. Thompson and G.M. Weed, with Hans Kaufmann as guide. The peak was named in 1908 by Arthur O. Wheeler on account of its great height; its name is an allusion to the Eiffel Tower. The mountain's name was made official in 1952 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Eiffel Peak", "Arnor\nof Cardolan. The Tower Hills, also known as the \"\"Emyn Beraid\"\" in Sindarin, were a range of hills at the west end of Eriador several leagues past the Shire. The hills' three towers were built at the end of the Second Age by Gil-galad for Elendil, the tallest of which was named \"\"Elostirion\"\". The Weather Hills were a bleak grass-covered range of hills that lay several dozen miles north-eastward of Bree. These hills served as a line of defence against Rhudaur and Angmar early in the Third Age. The tallest peak in the Weather Hills was Weathertop (Amon Sûl), where", "\"Inco Superstack\"\nInco Superstack The Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, with a height of , is the tallest chimney in Canada and the Western hemisphere, and the second tallest freestanding chimney in the world after the GRES-2 Power Station in Kazakhstan. It is also the second tallest freestanding structure of any type in Canada, behind the CN Tower but ahead of First Canadian Place. It is the 40th tallest freestanding structure in the world. The Superstack is located on top of the largest nickel smelting operation in the world at Vale Inco's Copper Cliff processing facility in the city of Greater Sudbury.", "\"Bitterroot Mountains\"\nTrapper Peak, at . The Northern Bitterroot Range is the northernmost and shortest subrange of the Bitterroot Mountains. The Northern Bitterroots encompass 1,869 square miles (4,841 km²) and its two tallest peaks are the 7,930 foot (2,417 m) Rhodes Peak and the 7,770 foot (2,368 m) Quartz Benchmark. The Northern Bitterroots also contain a smaller subrange, the Grave Creek Range. The Grave Creek Range is 262 square miles (679 km²) in area and its highest peak is the 7,270 foot (2,216 m) Petty Mountain. The Central Bitterroot Range is the southernmost and tallest subrange of the Bitterroot Mountains. The Central", "\"Point 5353\"\npass. The ridge adjoining the pass to the east, which is also referred to as the 'Marpo La ridge', runs in a northwest-southeast axis and contains a number of tall peaks. The point 5353, so named because of its height in metres, is the tallest peak on the Marpo La ridge. Its older name is Point 17561, representing its height in feet. The Line of Control in this area is flanked by the Shingo River valley of Pakistani-administered Kashmir in the north and the Dras River valley of Indian-administered Kashmir in the south. Both these valleys represent major lines of", "Zermatt\nthis name until about 1860 in the form of \"\"Praborne\"\", or \"\"Praborgne\"\". The reason of this change from \"\"Praborno\"\" to \"\"Zermatt\"\" is attributed to the gradual replacement of the Romance-speaking people by German-speaking colony. The town of Zermatt lies at the southern end of the Matter Valley (German: \"\"Mattertal\"\"), which is one of the lateral branches of the grand Valley of the Rhône. Zermatt is almost completely surrounded by the high mountains of the Pennine Alps including Monte Rosa (specifically its tallest peak, named Dufourspitze), Switzerland's highest peak at above sea level. It is followed by the Dom (), Liskamm", "\"Cobb Mountain\"\nCobb Mountain Cobb Mountain is the tallest mountain in the Mayacamas Mountains of California. Its 4720+ feet, (1439+ m) main summit is located in Lake County, west of the town of Cobb. Like nearby Mount Saint Helena, Cobb Mountain is tall enough to receive winter snowfall. The mountain also has a sub-peak named Cobb Mountain – Southwest Peak with an elevation of about 4483+ feet, (1367+ m); Southwest Peak lies on the Sonoma-Lake county line and is the highest point in Sonoma County. Nearby tall peaks like Mount Saint Helena and Snow Mountain can be seen from this summit. The", "\"Scouting in Nebraska\"\nBoy Scouts of America is headquartered in Greeley, Colorado. Named after the tallest peak in the council territory, Longs Peak Council serves Scouting youth in northeastern Colorado, southeastern Wyoming and western Nebraska. The \"\"WyoBraska Council\"\" of Scottsbluff merged into the Longs Peak Council in 1973. The council camps are Ben Delatour Scout Ranch near Fort Collins, Colorado and Camp Laramie Peak near Wheatland, Wyoming. The Mid-America Council of the Boy Scouts of America offers programs in 58 counties in Nebraska, Iowa and South Dakota. Overland Trails Council (322) serves youth in western Nebraska, with headquarters in Grand Island. The \"\"Tri-Trails", "\"Glacier National Park (U.S.)\"\nrest on. One of the most dramatic evidences of this overthrust is visible in the form of Chief Mountain, an isolated peak on the edge of the eastern boundary of the park rising above the Great Plains. There are six mountains in the park over in elevation, with Mount Cleveland at being the tallest. Appropriately named Triple Divide Peak sends waters towards the Pacific Ocean, Hudson Bay, and Gulf of Mexico watersheds. This peak can effectively be considered to be the apex of the North American continent, although the mountain is only above sea level. The rocks in Glacier National", "\"Banasura Hill\"\nthe Pazhassi Raja. Banasura Hill Banasura Hill is one of the tallest mountains in the Western Ghats of Wayanad district, Kerala, India. The hill is named after Banasura, a mythical character of Indian legends. It is one of the highest peak exceeding 2,000m between Nilgiris and Himalayas after Chembra Peak. Banasura Hill has an altitude of and is a part of the Western Ghats. It is the northernmost peak higher than south of the Gangetic plains in India. It lies off the state highway from Kuttiady to Mananthavady. Mananthavady which lies 25 km away is the closest town and the", "\"Banasura Hill\"\nBanasura Hill Banasura Hill is one of the tallest mountains in the Western Ghats of Wayanad district, Kerala, India. The hill is named after Banasura, a mythical character of Indian legends. It is one of the highest peak exceeding 2,000m between Nilgiris and Himalayas after Chembra Peak. Banasura Hill has an altitude of and is a part of the Western Ghats. It is the northernmost peak higher than south of the Gangetic plains in India. It lies off the state highway from Kuttiady to Mananthavady. Mananthavady which lies 25 km away is the closest town and the closest state transport", "\"Boistfort, Washington\"\nnearby Boisfort Prairie. Boistfort, Washington Boistfort is an unincorporated community in Lewis County, Washington, United States. It lies away from Chehalis and has one of the tallest peaks that is not a mountain in the entire state of Washington, Boistfort Peak (also called Baw Faw Peak). It has a K-8 school, a library and a tennis court. The original one-room school was established as the first school district in the Territory of Washington. A post office called Boisfort was established in 1857, the name was changed to Boistfort in 1907, and the post office closed in 1918. The community took", "\"Wiwaxy Peak\"\nWiwaxy Peak Wiwaxy Peaks is a mountain near Lake O'Hara in Yoho National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. The Burgess Shale animal \"\"Wiwaxia corrugata\"\" is named after it. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Huber, to the east. It was named in 1894 by Samuel E.S. Allen for the Stoney First Nations word for \"\"windy\"\". The mountain's current name became official in 1924 when the Geographical Names Board of Canada approved its name. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1951 by T. Church, D. Pullin, W. Roubenheimer, and T. Whalley. Wiwaxy Peaks is", "\"First Canadian Place\"\nFirst Canadian Place First Canadian Place (originally First Bank Building) is a skyscraper in the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets, and serves as the global operational headquarters of the Bank of Montreal. At , it is Canada's tallest skyscraper and the 15th tallest building in North America to structural top (spires) and 9th highest to the roof top, and the 105th tallest in the world. It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada, after the CN Tower (also in Toronto) and the Inco Superstack chimney in Sudbury, Ontario. The building", "Calgary\nmany high-rise construction projects were immediately halted. It was not until the late 1980s and through to the early 1990s that major construction began again, initiated by the 1988 Winter Olympics and stimulated by the growing economy. In total, there are 14 office towers that are at least (usually around 40 floors) or higher. The tallest of these is Brookfield Place, which is the tallest office tower in Canada outside Toronto. The Bow, completed in 2012, is the second tallest building in Calgary. Calgary's Bankers Hall Towers are also the tallest twin towers in Canada. Within Calgary there are approximately", "Americas\nAlabama to Newfoundland. North of the Appalachians, the Arctic Cordillera runs along the eastern coast of Canada. The largest mountain ranges are the Andes and Rocky Mountains. The Sierra Nevada and the Cascade Range reach similar altitudes as the Rocky Mountains, but are significantly smaller. In North America, the greatest number of fourteeners are in the United States, and more specifically in the U.S. state of Colorado. The highest peaks of the Americas are located in the Andes, with Aconcagua of Argentina being the highest; in North America Denali (Mount McKinley) in the U.S. state of Alaska is the tallest.", "\"Erik Weihenmayer\"\nwas honored with a \"\"Time Magazine\"\" cover story. Of his Everest ascent, \"\"Time\"\" stated, \"\"There is no way to put what Erik has done in perspective because no one has ever done anything like it. It is a unique achievement, one that in the truest sense pushes the limits of what man is capable of.\"\" He also completed the Seven Summits in September 2002, joining 150 mountaineers at the time who had accomplished that feat, but as the only climber who was blind. In 2008, he also added Carstensz Pyramid in West Papua New Guinea, the tallest peak in Australasia,", "\"Perth Airport\"\nDrive was named in honour of local aviation pioneer Horrie Miller. The terminal was officially opened on 25 October 1986 by then Prime Minister Bob Hawke, with the new terminal receiving passengers just days after. The newly built control tower was the tallest in Australia at its time of construction, and remains to be the tallest in Australia. Upon completion, the terminal was able to process up to five Boeing 747 aircraft per hour and accommodated a peak passenger volume of 6,000 passengers per hour. Twenty years later, in the 12 months to June 2006 the terminal processed over 2.027", "\"Mount Lyell (Canada)\"\nMount Lyell (Canada) Mount Lyell is a mountain on the Alberta-British Columbia border, in western Canada. It is located on the Great Divide, which forms the BC-Alberta boundary in this area, in Banff National Park. The mountain is the highest in the Lyell Group, a subrange of the Central Icefields in the Canadian Rockies. The peak has a height of . In 1972, five distinct peaks on Mt. Lyell were named for Swiss mountain guides. On the interprovincial boundary are Christian Peak, Ernest Peak, and Walter Peak named for Ernest [sic] Feuz, Walter Feuz and Christian Hässler. Located entirely in", "\"Banded Peak (Alberta)\"\nBanded Peak (Alberta) Banded Peak is a summit located in the Elbow River valley of Kananaskis Country in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Banded Peak has a distinctive limestone cliff band which gave it its descriptive name. Its name has been used since around 1896. The peak is visible from Highway 66, weather permitting. The mountain's name became official in 1951 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Banded Peak is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger" ]

[ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "Abraham Harold Maslow" ]

[ "\"Managerial psychology\"\norganisations should further investigate the variables that contribute to these values with the intention of increasing job satisfaction and performance, through effective selection methods and pervasive job interventions. Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development. Maslow's ideas surrounding the Hierarchy of Needs concern the responsibility of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and enables employees to fulfill their own unique potential (self-actualization). While Maslow referred to various additional aspects of motivation, he expressed the Hierarchy of", "\"Reward management\"\nbonuses and will help improve employees' physiological circumstances whereas process theories are concerned with intrinsic rewards, such as recognition and respect, which will help boost employees confidence in the work place and improve job satisfaction. A famous content theory would be Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and a famous process theory would be the equity theory. Theories of motivation provide a theoretical basis for reward management though some of the best known ones have emerged from the psychology discipline. Perhaps the first and best known of these comes from the work of Abraham Maslow. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs describes a pyramid", "\"Need theory\"\nNeed theory Need theory, also known as Three Needs Theory, proposed by psychologist David McClelland, is a motivational model that attempts to explain how the needs for achievement, power, and affiliation affect the actions of people from a managerial context. This model was developed in the 1960s; two decades after Maslow's hierarchy of needs was first proposed in the early 1940s. McClelland stated that we all have these three types of motivation regardless of age, sex, race, or culture. The type of motivation by which each individual is driven derives from their life experiences and the opinions of their culture.", "\"Theory Z\"\nunderstanding what needs must be met in order for an employee to achieve the highest-level of motivation, managers are then able to get the most out of production. Theory X and Theory Y were both developed by Douglas McGregor, a social psychologist interested in the characteristics of successful organizations. McGregor's book, \"\"The Human Side of Enterprise\"\" (1960), described Theory X and Theory Y based upon Maslow's original hierarchy of needs. McGregor grouped the hierarchy into a lower order (Theory X) needs and a higher order (Theory Y) needs. He suggested that management could use either set of needs to motivate", "\"Theory X and Theory Y\"\nTheory X and Theory Y Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. The two theories proposed by McGregor describe contrasting models of workforce motivation applied by managers in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development. Theory X explains the importance of heightened supervision, external rewards, and", "Motivation\ntwo-factor model of motivation). At higher levels of the hierarchy, praise, respect, recognition, empowerment and a sense of belonging are far more powerful motivators than money, as both Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation and Douglas McGregor's theory X and theory Y (pertaining to the theory of leadership) demonstrate. According to Maslow, people are motivated by unsatisfied needs. The lower level needs such as Physiological and Safety needs will have to be satisfied before higher level needs are to be addressed. We can relate Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory with employee motivation. For example, if a manager is trying to motivate", "\"Abraham Maslow\"\nfixed order as it is often presented: Maslow also regarded that the relationship between different human needs and behaviour, being in fact often motivated simultaneously by multiple needs, is not a one-to-one correspondence, i.e., that \"\"these needs must be understood not to be exclusive or single determiners of certain kinds of behavior\"\". Maslow's concept of self-actualizing people was united with Piaget's developmental theory to the process of initiation in 1993. Abraham Maslow Abraham Harold Maslow (; April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who was best known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of", "\"Theory X and Theory Y\"\npenalties, while Theory Y highlights the motivating role of job satisfaction and encourages workers to approach tasks without direct supervision. Management use of Theory X and Theory Y can affect employee motivation and productivity in different ways, and managers may choose to implement strategies from both theories into their practices. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y and Maslow's hierarchy of needs are both rooted in motivation theory. Maslow's hierarchy of needs consist of physiological needs (lowest level), safety needs, love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization (highest level). According to Maslow, a human is motivated by the level they have not", "\"Theory Z\"\non and off the job. According to Ouchi, Theory Z management tends to promote stable employment, high productivity, and high employee morale and satisfaction. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist and pioneer in human motivation, developed a theory of motivation based upon human needs that had three assumptions. First, human needs are never completely satisfied. Second, human behavior is purposeful and motivated by a need for satisfaction. Third, these needs can be classified according to a hierarchical structure of importance from the lowest to highest (Maslow, 1954): Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory helps the manager to understand what motivates an employee. By", "Motivation\n\"\"needs\"\" and how they relate to motivation to fulfill those needs. Another definition could be defined by Pritchard and Ashwood, is the process used to allocate energy to maximize the satisfaction of needs. Content theory of human motivation includes both Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Maslow's theory is one of the most widely discussed theories of motivation. Abraham Maslow believed that man is inherently good and argued that individuals possess a constantly growing inner drive that has great potential. The needs hierarchy system, devised by Maslow (1954), is a commonly used scheme for classifying human motives.", "\"Need theory\"\nout before reaching top management positions. He also found that people with a high need for affiliation may not be good top managers but are generally happier, and can be highly successful in non-leadership roles such as the foreign service. Need theory Need theory, also known as Three Needs Theory, proposed by psychologist David McClelland, is a motivational model that attempts to explain how the needs for achievement, power, and affiliation affect the actions of people from a managerial context. This model was developed in the 1960s; two decades after Maslow's hierarchy of needs was first proposed in the early", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\n– there may not be a physical indication, but the individual will feel anxious and tense. Maslow's theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level needs. Maslow also coined the term \"\"metamotivation\"\" to describe the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and strive for constant betterment. The human brain is a complex system and has parallel processes running at the same time, thus many different motivations from various levels of Maslow's hierarchy can occur at", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\nMaslow's hierarchy of needs Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper \"\"A Theory of Human Motivation\"\" in \"\"Psychological Review\"\". Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. He then decided to create a classification system which reflected the universal needs of society as its base and then proceeding to more acquired emotions. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is used to study how humans partake", "\"Work motivation\"\nemployee's drive to satisfy a variety of needs through their work. These needs range from basic physiological needs for survival to higher psychoemotional needs like belonging and self-actualization. Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (1943) was applied to offer an explanation of how the work environment motivates employees. In accordance with Maslow's theory, which was not specifically developed to explain behavior in the workplace, employees strive to satisfy their needs in a hierarchical order. At the most basic level, an employee is motivated to work in order to satisfy basic physiological needs for survival, such as having enough money to purchase", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\nfor motivation. This concept is the basic foundation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This term was coined to represent a similar premise as drive. Physiological needs are considered the main physical requirements for human survival. This means that Physiological needs are universal human needs. Physiological needs are considered the first step in internal motivation according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This theory states that humans are compelled to fulfill these physiological needs first in order to pursue intrinsic satisfaction on a higher level. If these needs are not achieved, it leads to an increase in displeasure within an individual. In", "\"Two-factor theory\"\nneeds at work; for example, those needs associated with minimum salary levels or safe and pleasant working conditions. Rather, individuals look for the gratification of higher-level psychological needs having to do with achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the nature of the work itself. This appears to parallel Maslow's theory of a need hierarchy. However, Herzberg added a new dimension to this theory by proposing a two-factor model of motivation, based on the notion that the presence of one set of job characteristics or incentives leads to worker \"\"satisfaction\"\" at work, while another and separate set of job characteristics leads to", "Self-actualization\nin exactly that situation in contact with the world under the given circumstances. Under the influence of Goldstein, Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchical theory of human motivation in \"\"Motivation and Personality\"\" (1954). Abraham Maslow's book \"\"Motivation and Personality\"\" started a philosophical revolution out of which grew humanistic psychology. This changed the view of human nature from a negative point of view – man is a conditioned or tension reducing organism- to a more positive view in which man is motivated to realize his full potential. This is reflected in his hierarchy of needs and in his theory of Self-actualization. The", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\nthus \"\"the search for one's own intrinsic, authentic values\"\" checks the human freedom of choice: \"\"A musician must make music,\"\" so freedom is limited to merely the choice of instrument. Maslow's hierarchy of needs Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper \"\"A Theory of Human Motivation\"\" in \"\"Psychological Review\"\". Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. He then decided to create a", "\"Human givens\"\nthe best of person-centred counselling, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychoeducational approaches, interpersonal therapy, imaginal exposure and hypnotherapy\"\". The Human Givens Institute' has been accredited in the UK by the Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care (PSA). Abraham Maslow is credited with the first prominent theory which laid out a hierarchy of needs. The precise nature of the hierarchy and the needs have subsequently been refined by modern neuroscientific and psychological research. Since Maslow's work in the middle of the twentieth century, a significant body of research has been undertaken to clarify what human beings need to be", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\nto age. The term \"\"self-actualization\"\" may not universally convey Maslow's observations; this motivation refers to focusing on becoming the best person that one can possibly strive for in the service of both the self and others. Maslow's term of self-actualization might not properly portray the full extent of this level; quite often, when a person is at the level of self-actualization, much of what they accomplish in general may benefit others, or \"\"the greater good\"\". Abulof argues that while Maslow stresses that \"\"motivation theory must be anthropocentric rather than animalcentric,\"\" his theory erects a largely animalistic pyramid, crowned with a", "\"Drive reduction theory (learning theory)\"\nDrive reduction theory (learning theory) In learning theory, drive reduction theory is a type of motivational theory. Drive Reduction Theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, was the first theory for motivation. Drive itself was defined as motivation that arose due to a psychological or physiological need; it has a variety of characteristics that include the intensifying or fueling of responses to a situation. As amount of drive is directly proportional to the intensity of the behavior that will result from it. It works as an internal stimulus that motivates the individual to move to sate the drive. Additionally, it", "\"Drive reduction theory (learning theory)\"\nactivities that may influence their lves Drive reduction theory (learning theory) In learning theory, drive reduction theory is a type of motivational theory. Drive Reduction Theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, was the first theory for motivation. Drive itself was defined as motivation that arose due to a psychological or physiological need; it has a variety of characteristics that include the intensifying or fueling of responses to a situation. As amount of drive is directly proportional to the intensity of the behavior that will result from it. It works as an internal stimulus that motivates the individual to move", "\"Work motivation\"\nfood. The next level of need in the hierarchy is safety, which could be interpreted to mean adequate housing or living in a safe neighborhood. The next three levels in Maslow's theory relate to intellectual and psycho-emotional needs: love and belonging, esteem (which refers to competence and mastery), and finally the highest order need, self-actualization. Although Maslow's theory is widely known, in the workplace it has proven to be a poor predictor of employee behavior. Maslow theorized that people will not seek to satisfy a higher level need until their lower level needs are met. There has been little empirical", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\nin behavioral motivation intrinsically. Maslow used the terms \"\"physiological,\"\" \"\"safety,\"\" \"\"belonging and love,\"\" or \"\"social needs\"\" \"\"esteem,\"\" and \"\"self-actualization\"\" to describe the pattern through which human motivations generally move. This means that in order for motivation to occur at the next level, each level must be satisfied within the individual themselves. Furthermore, this theory is a key foundation in understanding how drive and motivation are correlated when discussing human behavior. Each of these individual levels contains a certain amount of internal sensation that must be met in order for an individual to complete their hierarchy.The goal of Maslow's Theory is", "\"Employee retention\"\njob errors, lost sales, reduced morale and a number of other costs to the organization. Turnover also affects organizational performance. High-turnover industries such as retailing, food services, call centres, elder-care nurses, and salespeople make up almost a quarter of the United States population. Replacing workers in these industries is less expensive than in other, more stable, employment fields but costs can still reach over $500 per employee. An alternative motivation theory to Maslow's hierarchy of needs is the motivator-hygiene (Herzberg's) theory. The theories have overlap, but the fundamental nature of each model differs. While Maslow's hierarchy implies the addition or", "Motivation\nhis employees by satisfying their needs; according to Maslow, he should try to satisfy the lower level needs before he tries to satisfy the upper level needs or the employees will not be motivated. Also he has to remember that not everyone will be satisfied by the same needs. A good manager will try to figure out which levels of needs are active for a certain individual or employee. Maslow has money at the lowest level of the hierarchy and shows other needs are better motivators to staff. McGregor places money in his Theory X category and feels it is", "Belongingness\nsuggested that the need to belong was a major source of human motivation. He thought that it was one of 5 human needs in his hierarchy of needs, along with physiological needs, safety, self-esteem, and self-actualization. These needs are arranged on a hierarchy and must be satisfied in order. After physiological and safety needs are met an individual can then work on meeting the need to belong and be loved. According to Maslow, if the first two needs are not met, then an individual cannot completely love someone else. Other theories have also focused on the need to belong as", "\"Theory X and Theory Y\"\nyet reached, and self-actualization cannot be met until each of the lower levels has been fulfilled. Assumptions of Theory Y, in relation to Maslow's hierarchy put an emphasis on employee higher level needs, such as esteem needs and self-actualization. McGregor also believed that self-actualization was the highest level of reward for employees. He theorized that the motivation employees use to reach self-actualization allows them to reach their full potential. This led companies to focus on how their employees were motivated, managed, and led, creating a Theory Y management style which focuses on the drive for individual self – fulfillment. The", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\nhierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with the largest, most fundamental needs at the bottom and the need for self-actualization and transcendence at the top. In other words, the crux of the theory is that individuals’ most basic needs must be met before they become motivated to achieve higher level needs. The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called \"\"deficiency needs\"\" or \"\"d-needs\"\": esteem, friendship and love, security, and physical needs. If these \"\"deficiency needs\"\" are not met – with the exception of the most fundamental (physiological) need", "Motivation\nlevels, the motives shift to the social sphere, the third level. Psychological requirements comprise the fourth level, while the top of the hierarchy consists of self-realization and self-actualization. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory can be summarized as follows: One of the first influential figures to discuss the topic of Hedonism was Socrates, and he did so around 470- 399 BC in ancient Greece. Hedonism, as Socrates described it, is the motivation wherein a person will behave in a manner that will maximize pleasure and minimize pain. The only instance in which a person will behave in a manner that results", "Need\ngiving purpose and direction to behavior. The most widely known academic model of needs was proposed by psychologist, Abraham Maslow, in 1943. His theory proposed that people have a hierarchy of psychological needs, which range from basic physiological or lower order needs such as food, water and safety (e.g. shelter) through to the higher order needs such as self-actualization. People tend to spend most of their resources (time, energy and finances) attempting to satisfy these basic before the higher order needs of belonging, esteem and self-actualization become meaningful. Maslow's approach is a generalised model for understanding human motivations in a", "\"Management style\"\nand desire for responsibility and need to be closely supervised, directed, and tightly controlled in order to achieve team objectives. Without it, workers may become unwilling to work. This is considered the more conventional theory and results in management styles that have high degrees of control over employees. Theory Y conversely suggests that it is human nature to be motivated by objectives and gain satisfaction through the completion of work. Those who believe in Theory Y believe that it is the responsibility of management to foster environments where employees can develop potential and utilize their skills to achieve objectives. This", "\"Employee motivation\"\nIn addition, employee engagement is linked to lower absenteeism within an organization. Employers who practice employee motivation and engagement techniques in their organization will likely see an increase in overall business performance. Abraham Maslow viewed motivation as being based off a hierarchy of needs, of which a person cannot move to the next level of needs without satisfying the previous level. Maslow's hierarchy starts at the lowest level of needs, basic physiological needs. Basic physiological needs include air, water, and food. Employers who pay at least a minimal living wage will meet these basic employee needs The next level of", "\"Incentive system\"\nIncentive system The term incentive system refers to a variety of fields, including biology, education and philosophy. In organisational psychology, economics and business an incentive system denotes a structure motivating individuals as part of an organization to act in the interest of the organization. A fundamental requirement of creating a working incentive system for individuals and the organization is understanding human behavior and motivators of human behavior. Relevant theories helping to understand human behavior include utility theory, principal-agent theory, need hierarchy theory, two factor theory, cognitive evaluation theory, expectancy theory, goal-setting theory, and equity theory. The many determinants influencing human", "\"Employee motivation\"\nneeds met will help the employee realize this highest need. \"\"Maslow further expanded self-actualization into four needs: cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization, and self-transcendence.\"\" Frederick Herzberg developed the two-factor theory of motivation based on satisfiers and dissatisfiers. Satisfiers are motivators associated with job satisfaction while dissatisfiers are motivators associated with hygiene or maintenance. Satisfiers include achievement, responsibility, advancement, and recognition. Satisfiers are all intrinsic motivators that are directly related to rewards attainable from work performance and even the nature of the work itself. Dissatisfiers are extrinsic motivators based on the work environment, and include a company's policies and administration such as supervision,", "\"Incentive system\"\nlower control believes (locus of control). Incentive system The term incentive system refers to a variety of fields, including biology, education and philosophy. In organisational psychology, economics and business an incentive system denotes a structure motivating individuals as part of an organization to act in the interest of the organization. A fundamental requirement of creating a working incentive system for individuals and the organization is understanding human behavior and motivators of human behavior. Relevant theories helping to understand human behavior include utility theory, principal-agent theory, need hierarchy theory, two factor theory, cognitive evaluation theory, expectancy theory, goal-setting theory, and equity", "\"Kurt Goldstein\"\nthe Tufts Medical School in Boston as the Clinical Professor of Neurology. In 1946 he returned to New York City, where he established a private practice. While in the United States, Goldstein coined the phrase \"\"self actualization\"\". Goldstein met American psychologist, Abraham Maslow, at Brandeis University who was influenced greatly by Goldstein's ideas, particularly self-actualization. This would later become a fundamental topic in Maslow's \"\"Need - Hierarchy Theory of Motivation\"\". Self-actualization was an essential component to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, but differed from Goldstein's original concept. Maslow described self-actualization as realizing one's full potential and seeking personal growth. Maslow felt", "\"Organizational behavior\"\nbasis of his observations, Mintzberg arrived at three categories that subsume managerial roles: interpersonal roles, decisional roles, and informational roles. Baron and Greenberg (2008) wrote that motivation involves \"\"the set of processes that arouse, direct, and maintain human behavior toward attaining some goal.\"\" There are several different theories of motivation relevant to OB, including equity theory, expectancy theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, incentive theory, organizational justice theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and Theory X and Theory Y. National culture is thought to affect the behavior of individuals in organizations. This idea is exemplified by Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. Hofstede surveyed a", "\"Clayton Alderfer\"\n1992 he moved to Rutgers University, where he acted as the program director for the Organizational Psychology department at the Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology for 12 years. In the new millennium he started his own consultancy firm. Alderfer further developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing the hierarchy into his ERG theory (Existence, Relatedness and Growth). Clayton Alderfer Clayton Paul Alderfer (September 1, 1940 - October 30, 2015) was an American psychologist, and consultant, known for further developing Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Born in Sellersville, Pennsylvania, Alderfer obtained his BA in psychology in 1962 at Yale University,", "Metamotivation\nMetamotivation Metamotivation is a term coined by Abraham Maslow to describe the motivation of people who are self-actualized and striving beyond the scope of their basic needs to reach their full potential. Maslow suggested that people are initially motivated by a series of basic needs, called the hierarchy of needs. Maslow states, \"\"Self-actualizing people are gratified in all their basic needs (of belongingness, affection, respect, and self-esteem)\"\". Once a person has successfully navigated the hierarchy of needs thus satisfying all their basic needs, Maslow proposed they then travel \"\"a path called growth motivation\"\". Maslow believed that a distinction must be", "\"Clark L. Hull\"\nwere drive, cue, response and reward and were based on Hull's drive reduction theory of learning. They used a similar construct to Hull's theory, however, they proposed that any strong stimulus could have motivating or drive properties without essentially being tied to the need of that particular organism. Their book, \"\"Personality and Psychotherapy\"\" (1950) is considered to be a very important book for it combined Hullian learning theory with psychoanalysis and helped to lay the foundation of cognitive behavioral therapy. Kenneth Spence was one of the most well-known of Hull's graduate students. He developed and extended Hull's neo-behaviorist theory into", "\"ERG theory\"\nERG theory ERG theory is a theory in psychology proposed by Clayton Alderfer. Alderfer further developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing the hierarchy into his ERG theory (Existence, Relatedness and Growth). The existence group is concerned with providing the basic material existence requirements of humans. They include the items that Maslow considered to be physiological and safety needs. The second group of needs is those of relatedness – the desire people have for maintaining important interpersonal relationships. These social and status desires require interaction with others if they are to be satisfied, and they align with Maslow's social need", "\"ERG theory\"\na lower category need. For example if self-actualization or self-esteem is not met then individuals will invest more effort in the relatedness category in the hopes of achieving the higher need. This theory was published originally in \"\"Organizational Behavior and Human Performance\"\". ERG theory ERG theory is a theory in psychology proposed by Clayton Alderfer. Alderfer further developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing the hierarchy into his ERG theory (Existence, Relatedness and Growth). The existence group is concerned with providing the basic material existence requirements of humans. They include the items that Maslow considered to be physiological and safety", "\"Ancient economic thought\"\nan end in itself rather than a means to another end—satisfaction of needs. This distinction is the basis for Aristotle's moral rejection of usury. Later, in book VII Chapter 1 of \"\"Politics\"\", Aristotle asserts and some interpret this as capturing a concept of diminishing marginal utility, though there has been marked disagreement about the development and role of marginal utility considerations in Aristotle's value theory. Certainly this book formulates an ordinal hierarchy of values, which later appeared in Maslow's contribution to motivation theory. Aristotle's \"\"Nicomachean Ethics\"\", particularly book V.v, has been called the most economically provocative analytic writing in ancient", "Conation\n[in terms of motivation] ... some behavior qualifies as motivated action, but some does not.\"\" Abraham Maslow, the creator of \"\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\", discussed the idea of conation in his widely cited work \"\"A Theory of Human Motivation\"\". In his work, he states that cognition is itself conative. That is, that the desire to know comes from an act of will, that effectively therefore conation is prepotent to cognition. \"\"We must guard ourselves against the too easy tendency to separate [the desire to know] from the basic needs we have discussed above, i.e., to make a sharp dichotomy between", "\"Need for power\"\nNeed for power Need for power (nPow) is a term that was popularized by renowned psychologist David McClelland in 1961. McClelland's thinking was influenced by the pioneering work of Henry Murray, who first identified underlying psychological human needs and motivational processes (1938). It was Murray who set out a taxonomy of needs, including needs for achievement, power, and affiliation—and placed these in the context of an integrated motivational model. McClelland was inspired by Murray's research, and he continued to further develop Murray's theory by focusing on this theory in regard to the human population. In McClelland's book \"\"The Achieving Society\"\",", "\"Self-determination theory\"\nmotivation in children who believed their teachers to be uncaring or cold and so not fulfilling their relatedness needs. Extrinsic motivation comes from external sources. Deci and Ryan developed organismic integration theory (OIT), as a sub-theory of SDT, to explain the different ways extrinsically motivated behaviour is regulated. OIT details the different forms of extrinsic motivation and the contexts in which they come about. It is the context of such motivation that concerns the SDT theory as these contexts affect whether the motivations are internalised and so integrated into the sense of self. OIT describes four different types of extrinsic", "\"Self-determination theory\"\nconsequences of them. Intrinsic motivation is the natural, inherent drive to seek out challenges and new possibilities that SDT associates with cognitive and social development. \"\"Cognitive evaluation theory\"\" (CET) is a sub-theory of SDT that specifies factors explaining intrinsic motivation and variability with it and looks at how social and environmental factors help or hinder intrinsic motivations. CET focuses on the needs of competence and autonomy. CET is offered as an explanation of the phenomenon known as motivational \"\"crowding out.\"\" Claiming social context events like feedback on work or rewards lead to feelings of competence and so enhance intrinsic motivations.", "\"The Sims\"\ndesign book \"\"A Pattern Language\"\", American psychologist Abraham Maslow's 1943 paper \"\"A Theory of Human Motivation\"\" and his hierarchy of needs, and Charles Hampden-Turner's \"\"Maps of the Mind\"\" to develop a model for the game's artificial intelligence. \"\"The Sims\"\" is the first game in the series. Developed by Maxis and published by Electronic Arts, it was released for Microsoft Windows in February 2000. The game uses dimetric projection and features open-ended simulation of the daily activities of one or more virtual persons (\"\"Sims\"\") in a suburban area near SimCity. Seven expansion packs and two deluxe editions with exclusive content have", "\"Theory Z\"\nemployees, but better results could be gained by the use of Theory Y, rather than Theory X (Heil, Bennis, & Stephens, 2000). Late in his career Maslow focused increasingly on self-transcendence as a human phenomenon and concern. As he explained in his seminal paper titled \"\"Theory Z\"\", the motivation for transcendence literally 'transcends' his original hierarchy of needs. So, for example, some people who achieve self-actualization — the highest level of his original pyramid — also achieve a transcendent life orientation, while other self-actualizers do not. On the other hand, some people, like the proverbial \"\"starving artist,\"\" value self-transcendence \"\"ahead\"\"", "\"Consumer behaviour\"\n\"\"brand preference\"\") is described as a link between the brand and a purchase motivation. These motivations may be negative - that is to avoid pain or unpleasantness, or positive - that is to achieve some type of reward such as sensory gratification. One approach to understanding motivations, was developed by Abraham Maslow. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is based on five levels of needs, organized accordingly to the level of importance. Maslow's five needs are: Physiological needs and safety needs are the so-called lower order needs. Consumers typically use most of their resources (time, energy and finances) attempting to satisfy these", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\ncan be defined as a reward-based system that is used to intrinsically pursue certain values or goals. Individuals who are motivated to pursue this level are seeking and understanding how their sense of self-partakes within their human behavior. Self-actualization can include: In his later years, Abraham Maslow explored a further dimension of motivation, while criticizing his original vision of self-actualization. By this later theory, one finds the fullest realization in giving oneself to something beyond oneself — for example, in altruism or spirituality. He equated this with the desire to reach the infinite. \"\"Transcendence refers to the very highest and", "Metamotivation\nlower economic conditions, inadequate education, anxieties and fears, and the Jonah Complex. Metamotivation Metamotivation is a term coined by Abraham Maslow to describe the motivation of people who are self-actualized and striving beyond the scope of their basic needs to reach their full potential. Maslow suggested that people are initially motivated by a series of basic needs, called the hierarchy of needs. Maslow states, \"\"Self-actualizing people are gratified in all their basic needs (of belongingness, affection, respect, and self-esteem)\"\". Once a person has successfully navigated the hierarchy of needs thus satisfying all their basic needs, Maslow proposed they then travel", "\"Richard Barrett (author)\"\nRichard Barrett (author) Richard Barrett (born 7 March 1945), is a British author who writes about leadership, leadership development, values, consciousness as well as cultural evolution in business and society. He is responsible for developing the theory of the Universal Stages of Evolution, the concepts of personal and cultural entropy, and creating assessment instruments (based on Maslow's hierarchy of human needs and models of higher consciousness) to map the values of individuals, organisations, communities and, nations to the Seven Levels of Consciousness Model. He founded the Barrett Values Centre in 1997. Richard Barrett was born on 7 March 1945, in", "\"Dependency need\"\ntypes of dependency needs. As mentioned previously, Abraham Maslow was a key contributor to the establishment of a dependency need theory. His need theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, is thought to help a person achieve the unsatisfied needs of one's self. In his hierarchy, he outlined five needs crucial to human development and happiness across the lifespan; they are thought to occur in stages. The five stages include, physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs, and self-actualization. Physiological needs are needs that everyone has to have in order to survive, such as air, food, water, and sleep. After a", "\"Two-factor theory\"\ninadequacies in the need for hierarchy and motivation-hygiene theories. The most basic is the criticism that both of these theories contain the relatively explicit assumption that happy and satisfied workers produce more, even though this might not be the case. For example, if playing a better game of golf is the means chosen to satisfy one's need for recognition, then one will find ways to play and think about golf more often, perhaps resulting in a lower output on the job due to a lower amount of focus.. However, despite the effect on output, employees' job satisfaction (for example, measured", "Motivation\ncompany policy, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, status, job security, and personal life. The name hygiene factors is used because, like hygiene, the presence will not improve health, but absence can cause health deterioration. Herzberg's theory has found application in such occupational fields as information systems and in studies of user satisfaction such as computer user satisfaction. Alderfer, expanding on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, created the \"\"ERG theory\"\". This theory posits that there are three groups of core needs — existence, relatedness, and growth, hence the label: ERG theory. The existence group is concerned with providing our basic material", "System\nas Margaret Wheatley have also described the workings of organizational systems in new metaphoric contexts, such as quantum physics, chaos theory, and the self-organization of systems. There is also such a thing as a logical system. The most obvious example is the calculus developed simultaneously by Leibniz and Isaac Newton. Another example is George Boole's Boolean operators. Other examples have related specifically to philosophy, biology, or cognitive science. Maslow's hierarchy of needs applies psychology to biology by using pure logic. Numerous psychologists, including Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud have developed systems which logically organize psychological domains, such as personalities, motivations,", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\nto attain the fifth level or stage: self-actualization. Maslow's theory was fully expressed in his 1954 book \"\"Motivation and Personality.\"\" The hierarchy remains a very popular framework in sociology research, management training and secondary and higher psychology instruction. Maslow's classification hierarchy has been revised over time. The original hierarchy states that a lower level must be completely satisfied and fulfilled before moving onto a higher pursuit. However, today scholars prefer to think of these levels as continuously overlapping each other. This means that the lower levels may take precedent back over the other levels at any point in time. Maslow's", "\"Content theory\"\nnorm. ERG Theory was created by Clayton Alderfer as an extension to the famous Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Existence, or physiological, needs are at the base. These include the needs for things such as food, drink, shelter, and safety. Next come Relatedness Needs, the need to feel connected to other individuals or a group. These needs are fulfilled by establishing and maintaining relationships. At the top of the hierarchy are Growth Needs, the needs for personal achievement and self-actualization. If a person is continually frustrated in trying to satisfy growth needs, relatedness needs will remerge. This phenomenon is known as", "\"Temporal motivation theory\"\nthe motivation to study will surpass the motivation to socialize. Temporal motivation theory Temporal motivation theory (TMT) is an integrative motivational theory. Developed by Piers Steel and Cornelius J. König, the theory emphasizes time as a critical, motivational factor. The argument for a broad, integrative theory stems from the absence of a single theory that can address motivation in its entirety. Thus, it incorporates primary aspects of multiple major theories, including expectancy theory, hyperbolic discounting, need theory and cumulative prospect theory. According to Schmidt, Dolis, and Tolli, Temporal Motivation Theory \"\"may help further the understanding of the impact of time,", "\"Scott–Potter set theory\"\nnext higher level. Hence the levels form a nested and well-ordered sequence, and would form a hierarchy if set membership were transitive. The resulting iterative conception steers clear, in a well-motivated way, of the well-known paradoxes of Russell, Burali-Forti, and Cantor. These paradoxes all result from the unrestricted use of the principle of comprehension that naive set theory allows. Collections such as \"\"the class of all sets\"\" or \"\"the class of all ordinals\"\" include sets from all levels of the hierarchy. Given the iterative conception, such collections cannot form sets at any given level of the hierarchy and thus cannot", "\"Temporal motivation theory\"\nTemporal motivation theory Temporal motivation theory (TMT) is an integrative motivational theory. Developed by Piers Steel and Cornelius J. König, the theory emphasizes time as a critical, motivational factor. The argument for a broad, integrative theory stems from the absence of a single theory that can address motivation in its entirety. Thus, it incorporates primary aspects of multiple major theories, including expectancy theory, hyperbolic discounting, need theory and cumulative prospect theory. According to Schmidt, Dolis, and Tolli, Temporal Motivation Theory \"\"may help further the understanding of the impact of time, and particularly deadlines, on dynamic attention allocation.\"\" The Temporal Motivation", "\"Abraham Maslow\"\nAbraham Maslow Abraham Harold Maslow (; April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who was best known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization. Maslow was a psychology professor at Alliant International University, Brandeis University, Brooklyn College, New School for Social Research, and Columbia University. He stressed the importance of focusing on the positive qualities in people, as opposed to treating them as a \"\"bag of symptoms.\"\" A \"\"Review of General Psychology\"\" survey, published in 2002, ranked Maslow as the tenth", "Motivation\ncompetence, relatedness, and autonomy. These three psychological needs motivate the self to initiate specific behaviour and mental nutriments that are essential for psychological health and well-being. When these needs are satisfied, there are positive consequences, such as well-being and growth, leading people to be motivated, productive and happy. When they are thwarted, people's motivation, productivity and happiness plummet. There are three essential elements to the theory: A recent approach in developing a broad, integrative theory of motivation is temporal motivation theory. Introduced in a 2006 \"\"Academy of Management Review\"\" article, it synthesizes into a single formulation the primary aspects of", "Motivation\nThe American motivation psychologist Abraham H. Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs consisting of five hierarchic classes. According to Maslow, people are motivated by unsatisfied needs. The needs, listed from basic (lowest-earliest) to most complex (highest-latest) are as follows: The basic requirements build upon the first step in the pyramid: physiology. If there are deficits on this level, all behavior will be oriented to satisfy this deficit. Essentially, if you have not slept or eaten adequately, you won't be interested in your self-esteem desires. Subsequently, we have the second level, which awakens a need for security. After securing those two", "\"Work motivation\"\nmost effective employees and leaders in the workplace. These individuals strive to achieve their goals and advance in the organization. They tend to be dedicated to their work and strive hard to succeed. Such individuals also demonstrate a strong desire for increasing their knowledge and for feedback on their performance, often in the form of performance appraisal . The Need for Achievement is in many ways similar to the need for mastery and self-actualization in Maslow's hierarchy of needs and growth in the ERG theory. The achievement orientation has garnered more research interest as compared to the need for affiliation", "\"Triangular theory of love\"\naround the need for an \"\"ego ideal\"\". His definition of an ego ideal is this: the image of the person that one wants to become, which is patterned after those whom one holds with great respect. Another theory was introduced by Maslow. Maslow's hierarchy of needs places self-actualization at the peak. He maintains that those who have reached self-actualization are capable of love. Yet another theory, one about being in love, was developed by Reik. Being in love was said to be attainable for those who could love for the sake of loving people, not just fixing one's own problem.", "Empowerment\nIn this context, empowerment involves approaches that promise greater participation and integration to the employee in order to cope with their tasks as independently as possible and responsibly can. A strength-based approach known as \"\"empowerment circle\"\" has become an instrument of organizational development. Multidisciplinary empowerment teams aim for the development of quality circles to improve the organizational culture, strengthening the motivation and the skills of employees. The target of subjective job satisfaction of employees is pursued through flat hierarchies, participation in decisions, opening of creative effort, a positive, appreciative team culture, self-evaluation, taking responsibility (for results), more self-determination and constant", "\"Edwards Personal Preference Schedule\"\nEdwards Personal Preference Schedule Developed by psychologist and University of Washington professor Allen L. Edwards, the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) is a forced choice, objective, non-projective personality inventory. The target audience in between the ages of 16-85 and takes about 45 minutes to complete. Edwards derived the test content from the human needs system theory proposed by Henry Alexander Murray, which measures the rating of individuals in fifteen normal needs or motives. The EPPS was designed to illustrate relative importance to the individual of several significant needs and motives. It is useful in counseling situations when responses are reviewed", "\"Frederick Herzberg\"\nof pay and job security. The theory deals with satisfaction and dissatisfaction in jobs which are not affected by the same set of needs, but instead occur independently of each other. Herzberg's theory challenged the assumption that \"\"dissatisfaction was a result of an absence of factors giving rise to satisfaction.\"\" Motivational factors will not necessarily lower motivation, but can be responsible for increasing motivation. These factors could involve job recognition, potential for promotion or even the work in itself. Herzberg (1987) describes the growth factors (or \"\"motivators\"\") as \"\"achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility, and growth or advancement,\"\"", "\"Humanistic psychology\"\nto help the client develop a stronger and healthier sense of self, also called self-actualization. Humanistic therapy attempts to teach clients that they have potential for self-fulfillment. This type of therapy is insight-based, meaning that the therapist attempts to provide the client with insights about their inner conflicts. Humanistic psychology includes several approaches to counseling and therapy. Among the earliest approaches we find the developmental theory of Abraham Maslow, emphasizing a hierarchy of needs and motivations; the existential psychology of Rollo May acknowledging human choice and the tragic aspects of human existence; and the person-centered or client-centered therapy of Carl", "Motivation\nan outcome of participation in actions and activities within the cultural context of social groups. The natural system assumes that people have higher order needs, which contrasts with the rational theory that suggests people dislike work and only respond to rewards and punishment.<ref name=\"\"Lecture 10/1\"\">Dobbin, Frank. “From Incentives to Teamwork: Rational and Natural Management Systems.” Lecture. Harvard University. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1 October 2012.</ref> According to McGregor's Theory Y, human behavior is based on satisfying a hierarchy of needs: physiological, safety, social, ego, and self-fulfillment. Physiological needs are the lowest and most important level. These fundamental requirements include food, rest, shelter,", "Motivation\nand avoiding failure. In achievement motivation, one would hope that they excel in what they do and not think much about the failures or the negatives. Their research showed that business managers who were successful demonstrated a high need to achieve no matter the culture. There are three major characteristics of people who have a great need to achieve according to McClelland's research. Cognitive theories define motivation in terms of how people think about situations. Cognitive theories of motivation include goal-setting theory and expectancy theory. Goal-setting theory is based on the notion that individuals sometimes have a drive to reach", "\"Equity theory\"\nof resources is fair to both relational partners. Equity is measured by comparing the ratios of contributions and benefits of each person within the relationship. Partners do not have to receive equal benefits (such as receiving the same amount of love, care, and financial security) or make equal contributions (such as investing the same amount of effort, time, and financial resources), as long as the ratio between these benefits and contributions is similar. Much like other prevalent theories of motivation, such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, equity theory acknowledges that subtle and variable individual factors affect each person’s assessment and", "\"Robert Hogan (psychologist)\"\ncontributed to the development of socio-analytic theory, which maintains that the core of personality is based on evolutionary adaptations. Humans, in this view, always live in groups and groups always demonstrate status hierarchies. This in turn leads to two further generalizations: people are motivated to get along with other group members but also to get ahead (to enjoy the prequisites of status). Hogan, an iconoclastic observer of American psychology, maintains that personality is best examined from the perspective of the observer (reputation) rather than the actor (a person's identity). As a consequence, Hogan has insisted that personality tools should be", "Motivation\nseveral other major motivational theories, including Incentive Theory, Drive Theory, Need Theory, Self-Efficacy and Goal Setting. It simplifies the field of motivation and allows findings from one theory to be translated into terms of another. Another journal article that helped to develop the Temporal Motivation Theory, \"\"The Nature of Procrastination, \"\" received American Psychological Association's George A. Miller award for outstanding contribution to general science. where Motivation is the desire for a particular outcome, Expectancy or self-efficacy is the probability of success, Value is the reward associated with the outcome, Impulsiveness is the individual's sensitivity to delay and Delay is", "\"Murray's system of needs\"\nas Maslow's hierarchy of needs, David McClelland's 'Achievement Motivation Theory', aspects of Richard Boyatzis' competency-based models of management effectiveness, and more. Murray's concept of the 'press' and his emphasis on the importance of environmental events (and their subjective interpretation) were also highly significant to later psychological research. Behavioral psychology-pioneered by John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner-focused on environmental events, while cognitive psychology included a focus on subjective interpretation of events, based on another one of Murray's ideas (his categorization of presses as either Alpha or Beta). Although Murray's theory has had a substantial influence on personality testing and research,", "\"Clark L. Hull\"\nwhat came to be called the Hull-Spence theory of conditioning, learning, and motivation. This theory states that people learn stimulus-response associations when a stimulus and response occur together, and reinforcement motivates the person to engage in the behavior and increases the occurrence of the learned behavior. Spence contributed to the study of incentive motivation and developing mathematical formulation and equations to describe learning acquisition. Spence attributed improvement in performance to motivational factors rather than the habit factors of Hull's theory. He believed that reinforcement was not always necessary for learning to occur and that people can learn through latent learning.", "\"Edwards Personal Preference Schedule\"\nwith the examinee. Murray's system of human needs has influenced the making of personality tests for years. By incorporating his theory into personality testing, one can determine how one may act in a specific situation, as an employee, student, parent... The list goes on and on... Following is an overview on Murray's theory. American psychologist Henry Murray developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, presses, and needs. Murray described a need as a potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances. Theories of personality based upon needs and motives suggest", "\"Hyperarithmetical theory\"\nHyperarithmetical theory In recursion theory, hyperarithmetic theory is a generalization of Turing computability. It has close connections with definability in second-order arithmetic and with weak systems of set theory such as Kripke–Platek set theory. It is an important tool in effective descriptive set theory. The central focus of hyperarithmetic theory is the sets of natural numbers known as hyperarithmetic sets. There are three equivalent ways of defining this class of sets; the study of the relationships between these different definitions is one motivation for the study of hyperarithmetical theory. The first definition of the hyperarithmetic sets uses the analytical hierarchy.", "\"Human Potential Movement\"\nof values that have made it one of the most significant and influential forces in modern Western society. Abraham Maslow published his concept of a hierarchy of needs in a paper in 1943. He argued that as people's basic survival needs are met, so their desire to grow in mental and emotional dimensions increases. He also coined the term 'metamotivation' to describe the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and strive for constant betterment. Michael Murphy and Dick Price founded the Esalen Institute in 1962, primarily as a center for the study and development", "\"Happiness at work\"\nforces the employee to compromise the balance for the sake of financial and job security. Therefore, work/ life balance policies are created by many businesses and are largely implemented and dealt by line managers and supervisors, rather than at the organizational level as the employee's well being can be more carefully observed and monitored. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, feeling a sense of belonging to groups is a significant motivation for human beings. Co-workers are an important social group and relationships with them can be a source of pleasure. Three Need theory also suggests that people have a Need", "Telecommuting\nand development (growth need strength) influences how much an individual will react to the job dimensions of telecommuting. For instance, those individuals high in growth need strength will have a more positive reaction to increased autonomy and a more negative reaction to decreased feedback in telecommuting than those individuals low in growth need strength. Telecommuting is a new work situation with a flexible structure that makes it different from traditional work environments Various job design theories, in addition to job characteristics theory, can help explain the differences between telecommuting and traditional job settings. Motivator-hygiene theory differentiates between motivating factors (motivators)", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\nhave a strong desire to become an ideal parent. In another, the desire may be expressed athletically. For others, it may be expressed in paintings, pictures, or inventions. As previously mentioned, Maslow believed that to understand this level of need, the person must not only achieve the previous needs but master them. Self-actualization can often be described as a value-based system when discussing its role in motivation. Since all levels of Maslow's hierarchy must have been met in order to acquire this level, seeking to fulfill this form of satisfaction can be defined as an explicit motive. An explicit motive", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\nreturn, when individuals feel this increase in displeasure, the motivation to decrease these discrepancies increases. Physiological needs can be defined as both traits and a state. Physiological needs as traits allude to long-term, unchanging demands that are required of basic human life. Physiological needs as a state allude to the unpleasant decrease in pleasure and the increase for an incentive to fulfill a necessity. In order to pursue intrinsic motivation higher up Maslow's hierarchy, Physiological needs must be met first. This means that if a human is struggling to meet their physiological needs, then they are unlikely to intrinsically pursue", "\"Guttman scale\"\nitem) the coefficient of scalability is used. In the creation of Guttman scales items that reduce reproducility of scalabilty are re-written or discarded. In Guttman scaling is found the beginnings of item response theory which, in contrast to classical test theory, acknowledges that items in questionnaires do not all have the same level of difficulty. Non-deterministic (ie stochastic) models have been developed such as the Mokken scale and the Rasch model. The Guttman scale useful to design short questionnaires with good discriminating ability and works best for constructs that are hierarchical and highly structured such as social distance, organizational hierarchies,", "\"Edward L. Deci\"\nEdward L. Deci Edward L. Deci (; born in 1942) is a Professor of Psychology and Gowen Professor in the Social Sciences at the University of Rochester, and director of its human motivation program. He is well known in psychology for his theories of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and basic psychological needs. With Richard Ryan, he is the co-founder of self-determination theory (SDT), an influential contemporary motivational theory. Self-determination theory is a macro theory of human motivation that differentiates between autonomous and controlled forms of motivation; the theory has been applied to predict behavior and inform behavior change in many", "Self-esteem\nmembers of its advisory board in 2003, and members of its Masters' Coalition included Anthony Robbins, Bernie Siegel, and Gloria Steinem. Many early theories suggested that self-esteem is a basic human need or motivation. American psychologist Abraham Maslow included self-esteem in his hierarchy of human needs. He described two different forms of \"\"esteem\"\": the need for respect from others in the form of recognition, success, and admiration, and the need for self-respect in the form of self-love, self-confidence, skill, or aptitude. Respect from others was believed to be more fragile and easily lost than inner self-esteem. According to Maslow, without", "ASLERD\nof ecosystem \"\"smartness\"\" that integrates the Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the Flow (psychology) theory: \"\"Ecosystems are smart when individuals that take part in the local processes achieve a high level of skills and, at the same time, are also strongly motivated and engaged by continuous and adequate challenges, provided that their primary needs are reasonably satisfied.\"\" Unlike the most popular models used to benchmark the performance of smart cities, in the ASLERD vision the ecosystem \"\"smartness\"\" is not determined by infrastructural or process and product indicators but emerges, bottom-up, from the opinions of all categories of players involved in", "\"David McClelland\"\nDavid McClelland David Clarence McClelland (May 20, 1917 – March 27, 1998) was an American psychologist, noted for his work on motivation Need Theory. He published a number of works during the 1950s and the 1990s and developed new scoring systems for the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and its descendants. McClelland is credited with developing Achievement Motivation Theory, commonly referred to as \"\"need for achievement\"\" or \"\"n\"\"-achievement theory. A \"\"Review of General Psychology\"\" survey published in 2002, ranked McClelland as the 15th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. McClelland, born in Mt. Vernon, New York, was awarded a Bachelor", "\"Open-question argument\"\nThus Moore begs the question in the second premise. He assumes that the question is a meaningful one (i.e. that it is an open question). This begs the question and the open-question argument thus fails. In response to this, the open-question argument can be reformulated. The Darwall-Gibbard-Railton reformulation argues for the impossibility of equating a moral property with a non-moral one using the internalist theory of motivation. This evidently presupposes the internalist theory of motivation (i.e. a belief can itself motivate), in contrast to the externalist theory of motivation, also known as the Humean theory of motivation (i.e. both a", "\"Crowd simulation\"\nand react to the other agents. In rule-based AI, virtual agents follow scripts: “if this happens, do that”. This is a good approach to take if agents with different roles are required, such as a main character and several background characters. This type of AI is usually implemented with a hierarchy, such as in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, where the lower the need lies in the hierarchy, the stronger it is. For example, consider a student walking to class who encounters an explosion and runs away. The theory behind this is initially the first four levels of his needs are", "\"Instructional design\"\nby applying motivation theories systematically to design theory. Second, in developing a unique problem-solving process he calls the ARCS Motivation... The ARCS Model of Motivational Design was created by John Keller while he was researching ways to supplement the learning process with motivation. The model is based on Tolman's and Lewin's expectancy-value theory, which presumes that people are motivated to learn if there is value in the knowledge presented (i.e. it fulfills personal needs) and if there is an optimistic expectation for success. The model consists of four main areas: Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction. Attention and relevance according to", "\"Jean Piaget\"\ndifferent social interactions, this challenged Piaget's theory that the hierarchy of learning development had to develop in succession. Vygotsky introduced the term Zone of proximal development as an overall task a child would have to develop that would be too difficult to develop alone. Also, the so-called neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development maintained that Piaget's theory does not do justice either to the underlying mechanisms of information processing that explain transition from stage to stage or individual differences in cognitive development. According to these theories, changes in information processing mechanisms, such as speed of processing and working memory, are responsible", "Motivation\non providing alternatives to the drive-reduction theory, including Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which emerged as an alternative to Hull's approach. Drive theory has some intuitive or folk validity. For instance when preparing food, the drive model appears to be compatible with sensations of rising hunger as the food is prepared, and, after the food has been consumed, a decrease in subjective hunger. There are several problems, however, that leave the validity of drive reduction open for debate. Suggested by Leon Festinger, cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual experiences some degree of discomfort resulting from an inconsistency between two cognitions:", "\"Maslow's hierarchy of needs\"\nwork by John Bowlby. Originally dealing primarily with maternal deprivation and concordant losses of essential and primal needs, attachment theory has since been extended to provide explanations of nearly all the human needs in Maslow's hierarchy, from sustenance and mating to group membership and justice. Unlike most scientific theories, Maslow's hierarchy of needs has widespread influence outside academia. As Uriel Abulof argues, \"\"The continued resonance of Maslow's theory in popular imagination, however unscientific it may seem, is possibly the single most telling evidence of its significance: it explains human nature as something that most humans immediately recognize in themselves and", "\"Howard M. Guttman\"\nHoward M. Guttman Howard M. Guttman (born January 17, 1951) is an American management consultant and founder of Guttman Development Strategies, a consulting firm. Guttman is best known for his theories on corporate organizational hierarchies, positing that the traditional, top-down model of management is less effective than the horizontal, high-performance organization, where decisions are made by cross-functional teams with equal authority. Guttman’s theories have garnered him a following in top-management circles, largely due to his books and work with leaders of multi-national corporations who have applied his ideas in day-to-day business operations. He also regularly addresses corporate and academic audiences.", "\"Howard M. Guttman\"\nconcepts in use in Mars, Inc.'s Latin American Division; Redken USA; and INTTRA, Inc. Howard M. Guttman Howard M. Guttman (born January 17, 1951) is an American management consultant and founder of Guttman Development Strategies, a consulting firm. Guttman is best known for his theories on corporate organizational hierarchies, positing that the traditional, top-down model of management is less effective than the horizontal, high-performance organization, where decisions are made by cross-functional teams with equal authority. Guttman’s theories have garnered him a following in top-management circles, largely due to his books and work with leaders of multi-national corporations who have applied", "\"Power distance\"\nthe willingness and responsibility of assistance. Therefore, Winterich recommended that charitable organizations in high power distance countries should stress the significance of uncontrollable needs or salient communal relationship norms, through which the populace are more easily motivated to make a difference on social inequality. Malaysia has one of the highest levels of power distance, with a score of 100 on Hofstede's Power Distance Index (PDI). This signifies that Malaysians would generally consent to, and not question, hierarchies in which everyone has a place. They would perceive hierarchy in organisations as mirroring intrinsic inequalities. Leaders are expected to be autocratic, and" ]

[ false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "1988" ]

[ "\"Names of the days of the week\"\nMeiji era. In China, with the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, Monday through Saturday in China are now named after the luminaries implicitly with the numbers. Sunday comes first in order in calendars shown in the table below. In the Judeo-Christian or Abrahamic tradition, the first day of the week is Sunday. Biblical Sabbath (corresponding to Saturday), when God rested from , made the day following Sabbath the first day of the week (corresponding to Sunday). Seventh-day Sabbaths were sanctified for celebration and rest. After the week was adopted in early Christianity, Sunday remained the first day", "\"Whit Friday\"\nOutside Manchester city centre, other Sunday Schools walked on Whit Sunday and in surrounding towns on other days during (or in the weeks following) Whit Week. This period marked the height of their year's activities for many local brass bands. The Feast of Pentecost, which falls on the seventh Sunday after Easter, is an important feast day in the Christian Church. In the United Kingdom this was followed by a week of festivities called \"\"Whitsuntide\"\". As the population moved away from the countryside during the Industrial Revolution, the celebrations became less important in many areas, but in the manufacturing towns", "Saturday\nand is the day of rest. Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches distinguish between Saturday (Sabbath) and the Lord's Day (Sunday). Other Protestant groups, such as Seventh-day Adventists, hold that the Lord's Day is the Sabbath, according to the fourth commandment (Exodus 20:8), and not Sunday. Jesus also kept the Sabbath \"\"as his custom was\"\" according to Luke 4:16, and so did the apostle Paul (Acts 13:42,44; Acts 18:4). In astrology, Saturn is associated with Saturday, its planet's symbol and the astrological signs of Capricorn and Aquarius. Saturday Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. The", "\"Rachel Oakes Preston\"\n(1807–1888), after the Great Disappointment of October 22, 1844, stated publicly to the \"\"Christian Brethren\"\" congregation his conviction that Saturday, being the seventh day of the week, was Sabbath. His brother Cyrus (who became the husband of Rachel’s daughter Delight), and several others, also made their convictions known. Later, when Rachel married Nathan T. Preston, she was referred to as Rachel Oakes Preston. Rachel Oakes Preston Rachel (Harris) Oakes Preston (March 2, 1809 – February 1, 1868) was a Seventh Day Baptist who persuaded a group of Adventist Millerites to accept Saturday, instead of Sunday, as Sabbath. This Sabbatarian group", "Sabbatarianism\non Western culture is manifested by influences that remain today, such as Sunday blue laws. Seventh-day Sabbatarianism is a movement that generally embraces a literal reading of the Sabbath commandment that provides for both worship and rest on the seventh day of the week. Seventh-day Baptists leave most other Sabbath considerations of observance to individual conscience. The Seventh-day Adventist Church and Church of God (Seventh Day) have similar views, but maintain the original, scriptural duration as Friday sunset through Saturday sunset. The Orthodox Tewahedo Churches in Eritrea and Ethiopia observe the seventh-day Sabbath, as well as Sunday as the Lord's", "Sunday\nIn Vietnamese, the working days in the week are named as: \"\"Thứ Hai\"\" (second day), \"\"Thứ Ba\"\" (third day), \"\"Thứ Tư\"\" (fourth day), \"\"Thứ Năm\"\" (fifth day), \"\"Thứ Sáu\"\" (sixth day), \"\"Thứ Bảy\"\" (seventh day). Sunday is called \"\"Chủ Nhật\"\", a corrupted form of \"\"Chúa Nhật\"\" meaning \"\"Lord's Day\"\". Some colloquial text in the south of Vietnam and from the church may still use the old form to mean Sunday. In German, Wednesday is called \"\"Mittwoch\"\", literally \"\"mid-week\"\", implying that weeks run from Sunday to Saturday. In Italian, Sunday is called \"\"domenica\"\", which also means \"\"Lord's Day\"\" (from Latin \"\"Dies", "\"The 7th Dimension\"\n\"\"Seventh Dimension\"\" shows are new commissions, such as \"\"Undone\"\", \"\"The Spaceship\"\" and \"\"Planet B\"\". It also sometimes uses Big Finish Productions of \"\"Doctor Who\"\". Originally aired on BBC 7, it retained the 7 in the name when BBC 7 became BBC Radio 4 Extra. Previously broadcast seven days a week, in May 2014 this was reduced to Saturday and Sunday only, the reason given being \"\"the number of archive programmes available is limited\"\". By October 2015 it was completely gone from the schedule. The 7th Dimension The Seventh Dimension is the BBC's regular radio slot for science fiction, fantasy and", "\"Sabbath in Christianity\"\naway from their former churches to form communities that followed Seventh-day Sabbath-based practices that differed from the rest of Christianity, often also adopting a more literal interpretation of law, either Christian or Mosaic. The Hebrew Sabbath, the seventh day of the week, is often spoken of loosely as \"\"Saturday\"\" but in the Hebrew calendar a day begins at sunset and not at midnight. The Sabbath therefore coincides with what the Gregorian calendar identifies as Friday sunset to Saturday sunset. Similarly, the first day of the week (\"\"Sunday\"\") coincides with Gregorian Saturday sunset to Sunday sunset. The Sabbath continued to be", "\"Sabbath in seventh-day churches\"\nday. Saturday, or the seventh day in the weekly cycle, is the only day in all of scripture designated using the term Sabbath. The seventh day of the week is recognized as Sabbath in many languages, calendars, and doctrines, including those of Catholic, Lutheran, and Orthodox churches. It is still observed in modern Judaism in relation to Mosaic Law. In addition, the Orthodox Tewahedo Churches uphold Sabbatarianism, observing the Sabbath on Saturday, in addition to the Lord's Day on Sunday. Catholic, Orthodox, and some Protestant denominations observe the Lord's Day on Sunday and hold that the Saturday Sabbath is no", "\"Seventh-day Adventist eschatology\"\ntimes the message of the Ten Commandments and in particular the keeping of the seventh day of the week, Saturday, as Sabbath will be conveyed to the whole world and there will be a reaction from those who hold to Sunday as the day of worship. Adventists have taught that a persecuting \"\"Sunday law\"\" will be enacted at some stage in the future, as part of the final events of earth's history before Jesus returns, as stated in significant publications such as \"\"Questions on Doctrine\"\" (1957), \"\"Seventh-day Adventists Believe…\"\" (1988), and Ellen White's classic \"\"The Great Controversy\"\". Jon Paulien has", "Sunday\n일요일 Il-yo-Il, meaning \"\"day of sun\"\". The international standard ISO 8601 for representation of dates and times, states that Sunday is the seventh and last day of the week. This method of representing dates and times unambiguously was first published in 1988. In the Judaic, some Christian, as well as in some Islamic tradition, Sunday has been considered the first day of the week. A number of languages express this position either by the name for the day or by the naming of the other days. In Hebrew it is called יום ראשון \"\"yom rishon\"\", in Arabic الأحد \"\"al-ahad\"\", in", "\"History of freedom of religion in Canada\"\nhad little desire to expand their work week to seven days and thereby run the risk of increasing costs by spreading the same volume of sales over a longer period of time. To these men, the guarantee of Sunday as a weekly rest day reduced the threat of competition for the consumer's dollar.\"\" Canadian Seventh-day Adventists saw apocalyptic foreshadowing in the efforts to establish a national Sunday law. Seventh-day Adventists teach that the command to worship the image to the beast found in Revelation 13 predicts Sunday observance legislation at the end of the Earth's history: 13:11 Then I saw", "Sunday\nthe seventh day of the week. The name \"\"Sunday\"\", the day of the Sun, is derived from Hellenistic astrology, where the seven planets, known in English as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury and the Moon, each had an hour of the day assigned to them, and the planet which was regent during the first hour of any day of the week gave its name to that day. During the 1st and 2nd century, the week of seven days was introduced into Rome from Egypt, and the Roman names of the planets were given to each successive day. Germanic", "\"Seventh-day Adventist Church of Tonga\"\nthe timezone of Kiribati was changed so Adventists on the Phoenix and Line Islands observe Sunday. In 2011, the time zone of Samoa was changed to align the working week with that of Australia and New Zealand, placing these countries in the same time zone as Tonga. In August 2012, the SDA of Samoa confirmed that it would follow the example of Tonga and officially observe the Sabbath on Sunday rather than move the Sabbath in accordance with the changed time zone. An overview of SDA history in Tonga and the dateline issue. Seventh-day Adventist Church of Tonga The Seventh-day", "\"Lord's Day\"\nwas worshiping on Sunday, resurrection day. Seventh-day Sabbatarians hold that since Jesus said he was \"\"Lord of the Sabbath\"\" and that Isaiah called the Sabbath the \"\"Lord's Holy Day\"\" then the Lord's Day is the Seventh-day Sabbath (i.e. Saturday). Both parties accordingly use this verse to lay claim to the name \"\"Lord's Day\"\" for their day of worship.mark 2:28 The New Testament also uses the phrase \"\"te mia ton sabbaton\"\" (\"\"the first day of the week\"\") both for the early morning (Mary Magdalene ) and evening (the disciples in John 2:19) of Resurrection Sunday, as well as for the breaking", "\"Sabbath in Christianity\"\nWestern Christianity is that observance of the Lord's Day, Sunday, supplanted or superseded the Sabbath commandment in that the former \"\"celebrated the Christian community's deliverance from captivity to sin, Satan, and worldly passions, made possible by the resurrection on the first day of the week.\"\" Early Christians observed the seventh day Sabbath with prayer and rest, but they also gathered on the first day. By the 4th century, Catholics were officially observing the first day, Sunday, as their day of rest, not the seventh. A Sabbatarian movement within Oriental Orthodoxy began in the 12th century in Ethiopia and gained momentum", "\"Baptist beliefs\"\nis not washed away in baptism. Baptists have traditionally believed that they are symbols. Some Primitive Baptists and Separate Baptists in Christ also practice foot washing as an ordinance. Most Baptists hold their services and worship on Sunday. However, there is a group known as the Seventh Day Baptists whose origins are derived from Anabaptism and the pre-Reformation. Seventh Day Baptists gather and worship on the seventh day of the week on Saturday. A large portion of Seventh Day Baptists adopted the teachings of the Sabbath, which led to the formation of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Baptists are also viewed", "\"Latin Psalters\"\nJanuary 1, the weeks beginning on the second and sixth Sundays of Lent, the second and sixth weeks of Easter, and the 2nd, 6th, 10th, 14th, 18th, 22nd, 26th, 30th, and 34th weeks of Ordinary Time. The third week of the psalter is used for the third week of Advent, the week beginning on the third Sunday of Lent, the third and seventh weeks of Easter, and the 3rd, 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th, 23rd, 27th, and 31st weeks of Ordinary Time. The fourth week of the psalter is used for the fourth week of Advent, the days of Lent from", "Sunday\nthat Jews were observing the Sabbath on the Saturday. Some Christian denominations, called \"\"Sabbatarians\"\", observe a Saturday Sabbath. The name \"\"Sabbatarian\"\" has also been claimed by Christians, especially Protestants, who believe Sunday must be observed with just the sort of rigorous abstinence from work associated with \"\"Shabbat\"\". Christians in the Seventh-day Adventist, Seventh Day Baptist, and Church of God (Seventh-Day) denominations, as well as many Messianic Jews, have maintained the practice of abstaining from work and gathering for worship on Saturdays (sunset to sunset) as did all of the followers of God in the Bible. For most Christians the custom", "\"Seventh-day Adventist theology\"\nthe Sabbath being changed to Sunday in the Bible. They teach instead that it was changed by gradual acceptance of Sunday worship gatherings which came into the early church in Rome to distinguish Christians from the Jews and to align Christianity with political authorities. This change became more universally accepted with the establishment of Roman emperor Constantine's Sunday law of 321 AD and the decree at the Council of Laodicea that in canon 29 declared that Christians should avoid work on Sunday. Seventh-day Adventists believe that prior to the beginning of human history, a challenge occurred in heaven between God", "Whitsun\nthe UK in 1871, but lost this status in 1972 when the fixed Spring Bank Holiday was created. Whitsun Whitsun (also Whitsunday or Whit Sunday) is the name used especially in Britain and Ireland, and throughout the world among Anglicans and Methodists, for the Christian festival of Pentecost, the seventh Sunday after Easter, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon Christ's disciples (Acts 2). In England it took on some characteristics of Beltane, which originated from the pagan celebration of Summer's Day, the beginning of the summer half-year, in Europe. Whitsuntide, the week following Whitsunday, was one of", "\"Congregation Ner Tamid\"\n\"\"CLaL\"\" or \"\"Children Learning and Living in Jewish Community\"\") meets Sunday mornings and on weekday afternoons (4:00 PM – 6:00 PM). All grades (except seventh grade) meet on Sundays. In addition, the older grades meet on either Mondays and Wednesdays or Tuesdays and Thursdays, depending on the session for which the student has signed up. (Thus, the students in the older grades attend three days each week.) The seventh graders also meet on either Mondays and Wednesdays or Tuesdays and Thursdays. However, instead of coming on Sundays, they come to religious services every Shabbat (Saturday). The CLaL program ends after", "Shavuot\nthis calculation, Shavuot will fall on the day of the week after that of the first day of Passover (e.g., if Passover starts on a Thursday, Shavuot will begin on a Friday). Karaites differ in their understanding of \"\"morrow after the Sabbath\"\". Karaites interpret the Sabbath to be the first weekly Sabbath that falls during Passover. This is supported by Leviticus 23:16 which speaks of the day after the seventh sabbath being the 50th day. This seventh Sabbath can only be a weekly Sabbath, and thus the day after is automatically a Sunday. As a result, the Karaite Shavuot is", "\"Seventh-day Adventist theology\"\n2013, a woman was ordained in the Netherlands Union. In 2012-2013 the General Conference assembled several committees to study the issue and make a recommendation to be voted at the 2015 world General Conference session. On October 27, 2013, Sandra Roberts became the first woman to lead a Seventh-day Adventist conference when she was elected as president of the Southeastern California Conference. However, the worldwide Seventh-day Adventist church did not recognize this because presidents of conferences must be ordained pastors and the worldwide church did not recognize the ordination of women. As Protestant Christians who accept the Bible as their", "\"Sabbath in Christianity\"\nobserved on the seventh day in the early Christian church. To this day, the Sabbath continues to be observed in line with the Hebrew Sabbath timing in the church calendars in Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy. On the other hand, the current canons of the Roman Catholic Church (Canon 202 §1) define a day as beginning at midnight. Early Christians continued to pray and rest on the seventh day. By the 2nd century AD some Christians also observed Sunday, the day of the week on which Jesus had risen from the dead and on which the Holy Spirit had come", "Quakers\nplain language, relief of suffering, simplicity, social order, Sunday observance, sustainability, temperance and moderation. Quakers traditionally use numbers to denominate the names of the months and days of the week, something they call the plain calendar. This does not use names of calendar units derived from the names of pagan deities. The days begin with First Day (Sunday) and ends on Seventh Day (Saturday), and months run from First Month (January) to Twelfth Month (December). This is based on the terms used in the Bible: e.g., Jesus Christ's followers went to the tomb early on the First Day of the", "\"Passion Week\"\nPassion\"\". In Pope John XXIII's revision, not only the Sunday that had previously had the exclusive name of Passion Sunday but also the following Sunday referred in their names to the Passion. The latter became the \"\"Second Sunday of the Passion or Palm Sunday\"\" (Dominica II Passionis seu in Palmis). The week beginning on that Sunday continued to have a distinctive name, \"\"Holy Week\"\" (\"\"Hebdomada sancta\"\") (previously, \"\"Great Week\"\", \"\"Hebdomada major\"\", but referred to in English as Holy Week), and the first days in it were called \"\"Monday (etc.) of Holy Week\"\", not \"\"Monday (etc.) after the Second Sunday of", "\"Sabbath in seventh-day churches\"\nlonger binding for Christians. On the other hand, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists, as well as many Episcopalians, have historically espoused the view of first-day Sabbatarianism, describing the Sabbath as being transferred to the Lord's Day (Sunday), the first day of the week, merged with the day of Christ's resurrection, forming the Christian Sabbath. \"\"Seventh-day Sabbatarians\"\" are Christians who seek to reestablish the practice of some early Christians who kept the Sabbath according to normal Jewish practice. They usually believe that all humanity is obliged to keep the Ten Commandments, including the Sabbath, and that keeping all the commandments is", "\"Bereshit (parsha)\"\nduring on the six days during which God had created the world, Sunday through Friday, but on the Sabbath, God did not give them manna. Of course, God had power enough to give them manna every day. But the Sabbath was before God, so God gave the Israelites bread for two days on Friday, as says, \"\"See, for the Lord has given you the Sabbath, therefore he gives you on the sixth day the bread of two days.\"\" When the people saw that God observed the Sabbath, they also rested, as says, \"\"So the people rested on the seventh day.\"\"", "\"Medium (TV series)\"\ndecline put the series on the bubble for renewal, but the series showed signs of life when NBC requested six additional scripts in April 2007. Renewal for a fourth season of \"\"Medium\"\" was announced on May 7, 2007, with an undetermined premiere date and number of episodes. It was the seventh series to be renewed by the network, behind solid performers \"\"Heroes\"\" and \"\"\"\". One week later, the network announced that \"\"Medium\"\" would move to the Sunday 9 p.m. time slot upon its return in January 2008. News on the series' return did not come until December 2007 when NBC", "\"3 Bahadur\"\ncollaboration with Artboard, was released on 30 April 2015 for Android and later for iOS. The movie opened better on Friday with day one collecting . Movie grew around 10% on Day two collecting surpassing Good Morning Karachi and became second-highest-grossing Pakistani film of 2015 after \"\"Jalaibee\"\". The movie collected on Sunday taking the three-day weekend to . The film collected on Monday, on Tuesday, on Wednesday and on Thursday At the end of week one, the film did business of comparative to previous days, taking its one-week total to . The film added at the end of the second", "\"Advent Sunday\"\ncomes two weeks earlier than in the Roman, being on the Sunday after St. Martin's Day (11 November), six weeks before Christmas. Advent Sunday is the fourth Sunday before Christmas Day. This is equivalent to the Sunday nearest to St. Andrew's Day, 30 November, and the Sunday following the Feast of Christ the King. It can fall on any date between 27 November and 3 December. When Christmas Day is a Monday, Advent Sunday will fall on its latest possible date. It is possible to compute the date of Advent Sunday by adding three days to the date of the", "\"Roswell F. Cottrell\"\nthe family, Roswell was deeply interested in the message of William Miller, but did not identify himself with it, believing that when God would herald His second coming, the messengers would be observers of the seventh-day Sabbath. John Cottrell spent the remainder of his life at Mill Grove. In 1851, one year before his death, he became a Seventh-day Adventist. In 1851, the Roswell Cottrell family became Seventh-Day Adventists. Soon after accepting the message of Christ's imminent return, he entered the gospel ministry, devoting his full-time to preaching and writing, and for a time serving as president of the New", "\"Ten Commandments in Catholic theology\"\nseventh day after the creation. It also constituted the core of the social order. Although a few Christian denominations follow the Judaic practice of observing the Sabbath on Saturday, Catholics, along with most Christians, observe Sunday as a special day, which they call the \"\"Lord's Day\"\". This practice dates to the first century, arising from their belief that Jesus rose from the dead on the first day of the week. The Didache calls on Christians to come together on the Lord's Day to break bread and give thanks. Tertullian is the first to mention Sunday rest: \"\"We, however (just as", "\"Ordinary Time\"\nbefore Ash Wednesday, which falls between 4 February and 10 March (inclusive), and marks the beginning of the Season of Lent. Thus, for Roman Catholics, the period of Ordinary Time between Christmas and Lent may end amid the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, or ninth week of Ordinary Time. Ash Wednesday is a moveable feast which occurs on the 40th day (excluding Sundays) before the Solemnity of the Resurrection of the Lord (Easter Sunday). Ordinary Time resumes on the Monday following Solemnity of Pentecost, which is the Sunday between 10 May and 13 June that marks the 50th day of", "\"Passion Week\"\nPassion Week Passion Week is a name for the week beginning on Passion Sunday, as the Fifth Sunday of Lent was once called in the Roman Rite. However, even before Pope John XXIII's Code of Rubrics (1960) changed the name of this Sunday from \"\"Passion Sunday\"\" (Dominica de Passione) to \"\"First Sunday of the Passion\"\" (Dominica I Passionis), the liturgical books gave no special name to this week, referring to the days in it simply as \"\"Monday (etc.) after Passion Sunday\"\", which in Pope John XXIII's edition of the Roman Missal became \"\"Monday (etc.) after the First Sunday of the", "\"Edward Elwall\"\nEdward Elwall Edward Elwall, born 9 November 1676, died 29 November 1744, was a mercer and grocer, born at Sedgley near Wolverhampton. He was a Unitarian and a Sabbatarian Baptist; that is, his day of rest and worship was the seventh day, the biblical Sabbath, rather than the first day of the week, the “papal pagan Sunday,” as he called it, which is kept by orthodox Christians. The people of Wolverhampton referred to him as ‘Jew Elwall,’ because of his Sabbath-keeping. He is said to have occasionally attended the Mill Yard Seventh Day Baptist Church in London. In 1727 Elwall", "\"Sunday shopping\"\nBible. Specifically as number 3 or 4 in the list of the Ten Commandments known as \"\"Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy\"\". Not to follow one or many of the Ten Commandments can be considered a sin, or a wrong thing to do. In Judaism, the Sabbath is the seventh day of the Hebrew calendar week, which in English is known as Saturday. However, in 321 AD Constantine I, Rome's first Christian Emperor (see Constantine I and Christianity), decreed that Sunday would be observed as the Roman day of rest. The Council of Laodicea (363–364 AD) outlawed the", "\"Biblical Sabbath\"\nis considered both the first day and the \"\"eighth day\"\" of the seven-day week, symbolizing both first creation and new creation (2174). (Alternatively, in some calendars, Sunday is designated the seventh day of the week.) Relatively few Christians regard first-day observance as entailing all of the ordinances of \"\"Shabbat\"\". This interpretation usually states that the Holy Spirit through the Apostles instituted the worship celebration of the first day to commemorate Jesus' resurrection, and that the New Covenant transfers Sabbath-keeping (whether defined as rest or communal worship or both) to the first day by implication. In Roman Catholicism, the transfer is", "\"Seventh-day Adventist theology\"\nreceives the wages for his sin and the sins of all the saved—namely, death. Thus, the unsaved are held responsible for their own sin, while the saved are no longer held responsible for theirs. Traditionally, Adventists have taught there will be a time before the Second Advent in which the message of the Ten Commandments and in particular the keeping of the seventh day of the week, Saturday, as Sabbath will be conveyed to the whole world. Protestants and Catholics will unite to enforce legislation requiring the observance of Sunday worship. In reference to the creation of an Image to", "\"Saint Patrick's Day\"\nsaint's day to a time outside those periods. St Patrick's Day is occasionally affected by this requirement, when 17 March falls during Holy Week. This happened in 1940, when Saint Patrick's Day was observed on 3 April to avoid it coinciding with Palm Sunday, and again in 2008, where it was officially observed on 15 March. St Patrick's Day will not fall within Holy Week again until 2160. However, the popular festivities may still be held on 17 March or on a weekend near to the feast day. In 1903, St Patrick's Day became an official public holiday in Ireland.", "\"History of Seventh-day Adventist freedom of religion in Canada\"\nberries, who reluctantly testified that Bro. Sweeten was in the patch on the day specified and was carrying berries.\"\" Leland's defense was that the 1845 law did not include \"\"farmers\"\". Both Boettger and Sweeten testified that they were farmers. Leland concluded his defense by stating some principles involved in Sunday laws in general and showing that there was no Biblical authority requiring Sunday observance. The Magistrate made remarks that convinced the men that they would be convicted. He expressed sympathy for \"\"this people\"\" because he believed they were sincere, but he \"\"did not believe that anybody had a right to", "\"Ussher chronology\"\nlargely because that season marked the beginning of the Jewish year. Ussher further narrowed down the date by using the Jewish calendar to establish the \"\"first day\"\" of creation as falling on a Sunday near the autumnal equinox. The day of the week was a backward calculation from the six days of creation with God resting on the seventh, which in the Jewish calendar is Saturday—hence, Creation began on a Sunday. The astronomical tables that Ussher probably used were Kepler's \"\"Tabulae Rudolphinae\"\" (\"\"Rudolphine Tables\"\", 1627). Using them, he would have concluded that the equinox occurred on Tuesday, October 25, only", "\"Lord's Day\"\nThe Acts of the Apostles chapter 20 and verse 7 (). 2nd-century writers such as Justin Martyr attest to the widespread practice of Sunday worship (\"\"First Apology\"\", chapter 67), and by 361 AD it had become a mandated weekly occurrence. During the Middle Ages, Sunday worship became associated with Sabbatarian (rest) practices. Some Protestants today (particularly those theologically descended from the Puritans) regard Sunday as Christian Sabbath, a practice known as first-day Sabbatarianism. (Some Christian groups hold that the term \"\"Lord's Day\"\" can only properly refer to seventh-day Sabbath or Saturday.) Sunday was also known in patristic writings as the", "\"Prem Ratan Dhan Payo\"\nof Tanu Weds Manu Returns. The film collected on its seventh day to take its seven-day total to nett and beat the first week records of Kick and Chennai Express. The film collected nett in its extended first week which is the fourth highest first week collection of all time. The film grossed in Mumbai circuit alone from its first week and become second highest first week grosser in that circuit after PK. The film collected , nett on its second Friday and Saturday respectively. On its second Sunday the film collected nett to take its total to nett after", "Armstrongism\nto prove to her from scripture that, as Herbert claimed, Sunday was the proper day for Christian worship. After months of Bible study, Armstrong decided that there was no sound scriptural authority for Christian worship on Sunday, but rather asserted that the Apostles and the first generation of Christians, both Jewish and Gentile converts, continued for decades after the establishment of the Church age to set an example of observing the seventh day of the week (Friday at sunset to Saturday at sunset) as the Sabbath. Eventually, Armstrong accepted and observed many principles and laws found in the Old Testament", "Whitsun\nWhitsun Whitsun (also Whitsunday or Whit Sunday) is the name used especially in Britain and Ireland, and throughout the world among Anglicans and Methodists, for the Christian festival of Pentecost, the seventh Sunday after Easter, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon Christ's disciples (Acts 2). In England it took on some characteristics of Beltane, which originated from the pagan celebration of Summer's Day, the beginning of the summer half-year, in Europe. Whitsuntide, the week following Whitsunday, was one of three vacation weeks for the medieval villein; on most manors he was free from service on the lord's", "\"Peter Moon (musician)\"\nled to their eventual breakup. After the breakup of The Sunday Manoa, the Cazimeros continued on as the Brothers Cazimero. Moon continued to be a force on the music scene co-founding Kanikapila, a two-day music festival at the University of Hawaii that ran for 25 years. Moon, however, did not return to regular performing until 1979, when his new group, The Peter Moon Band, released \"\"Tropical Storm\"\", which garnered four Na Hoku Hanohano Awards. In 1983, Moon released \"\"Cane Fire\"\", which earned six Na Hoku Hanohano awards; Moon earning an unprecedented seventh with a Sunday Manoa anthology album. The band", "\"Easter Week\"\nOrthodox liturgy. One tone (with the exception of the Seventh Tone—known as the \"\"Grave Tone\"\") is assigned to each day: Bright Week is considered to be one single joyful day, although the celebrations on the Sunday of Pascha are the most solemn. The Divine Services are completely different during this time than any other time of the year. Everything during the service is sung joyfully, rather than read. There is no reading from the Psalter, and the services are much shorter than usual. There is no fasting during Bright Week. The Holy Doors in the iconostasis remain open throughout the", "\"Race 2\"\ngood growth in its second day, collecting approximately nett and became the fourth biggest Saturday collections ever. \"\"Race 2\"\" did well on its first weekend by collecting around nett by collecting around on Sunday.\"\"Race 2\"\" dropped on Monday as it collected around nett. Despite dropping collections after the weekend, the film managed to do well and netted around in its first week. \"\"Race 2\"\" did pretty well on its second Friday collecting around nett. The film had a decent second weekend and collected around with first Sunday collections going to around 60 million nett plus. It collected around nett in", "\"John Tay\"\nSaturday, the seventh day of the week, is the true and divinely appointed Sabbath, that the entire community determined to observe Saturday as their Sabbath in the future... While at Pitcairn's Island, Mr. Tay was the guest of their head man [Simon Young], who visited this city a few years ago. He was then a very strict Sunday Sabbatarian.\"\" Based on Tay's report after his return, the General Conference of the Seventh-day Adventists sent a mission to Pitcairn. The Schooner \"\"Phoebe Chapman\"\" left Honolulu on 31 July 1888 with the Adventist pastor E.J. Cudney on board. The plan was to", "\"Mothering Sunday\"\na diocese). Anyone who did this was commonly said to have gone \"\"a-mothering\"\", although whether this term preceded the observance of Mothering Sunday is unclear. In later times, Mothering Sunday became a day when domestic servants were given a day off to visit their mother church, usually with their own mothers and other family members. It was often the only time that whole families could gather together, since on other days they were prevented from doing so by conflicting working hours. Children and young people who were \"\"in service\"\" (as household servants) were given a day off on that date", "\"History of Seventh-day Adventist freedom of religion in Canada\"\nthe alliance to persuade the government of Canada to pass the Lord's Day Act of 1906. \"\"Under Methodist minister T. Albert Moore , the alliance grew into a powerful inter-denominational lobby group, with provincial field secretaries reporting on Sunday activities and prosecutions and instigating Sunday controversies in each province.\"\" Adventists observed the Seventh-day as the Sabbath placing themselves at variance with the Alliance leadership. Another letter was sent to the management of the Academy: Dear Sir: An effort was made when the Parliament was enacting the law, to have people who observe Saturday as the Sabbath exempted from the operations", "\"1888 Minneapolis General Conference\"\na part of obedience to God was a firmly established and central tenet of the denomination by the 1870s. Sunday-keeping Christians claimed that keeping the seventh-day Sabbath was a sign of legalism or judaizing. Convinced of the Biblical correctness of the seventh-day Sabbath, Seventh-day Adventists turned to their Bibles to show the beliefs and doctrines from scripture and teach other Christians, prompting the moniker “People of the Book” to be applied to them, and not a few became decidedly legalistic. So at the 1888 General Conference Session in Minneapolis, the presentation of the message of Christ as the only source", "\"History of Seventh-day Adventist freedom of religion in Canada\"\nDay Act was ruled an infringement of the freedom of conscience and religion defined in section 2(a) of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Canadian Seventh-day Adventists saw apocalyptic foreshadowing in Sunday law. Seventh-day Adventists teach that the command to worship the image of the beast found in Revelation 13 predicts Sunday observance legislation at the end of the Earth's history. One writer said it this way: Incidentally, this Sunday law that is imminent is not anything unusual. It was the same law that was proclaimed by Constantine in the year 321 A.D. And to Constantine can be traced the", "\"History of Seventh-day Adventist freedom of religion in Canada\"\nUnion Messenger led with an article titled, \"\"The 'Globe' and the Lord's Day.\"\" The Messenger editor reported on the Toronto Daily Globe's coverage saying that the Globe referred to those opposed Sunday legislation as \"\"mockers\"\". He asserted that the Globe was appealing to \"\"the prejudices of the vulgar\"\" rather than \"\"the sober intelligence of candid men.\"\" A. O. Burrill, the president of the Ontario Conference, said that the average person did not want stricter Sunday laws. He and other Adventists went person-to-person inviting them to sign a petition opposing the law. He asked each individual if they wanted stricter Sunday", "\"2015 in British music\"\n2015 in British music This is a summary of the year 2015 in British music. On 10 July 2015, the chart week changed from Sunday–Saturday to Friday–Thursday, with the first chart covering Sunday 5 July to Thursday 9 July. This chart move is to align the chart week with the new Global Release Day (Friday) for music. Pharrell Williams set an all-time record when \"\"Happy\"\" notched 64 consecutive weeks in the top 75 of the singles chart. Adele's \"\"25\"\" became the fastest-selling UK album of all time, beating the record previously held by Oasis' \"\"Be Here Now\"\" in 1997. Jess", "\"Herbert W. Armstrong\"\nand her husband O.J. were lay leaders in the Oregon conference of the Church of God, Seventh Day, a seventh-day-keeping Adventist group that rejected the authority of Ellen White and her teachings. Loma became persuaded the Bible taught Sabbath observance on Saturday, the seventh day, one of the beliefs of that church. Her assertion of this to her husband was met with dismay and appeared to him to be \"\"religious fanaticism.\"\" She challenged him to find biblical support for Sunday observance. As his business was struggling against larger competitors, Armstrong had the time to take up this challenge. He began", "\"French Directory\"\nto quietly return. In November 1797, working with the new decimal-based Republican Calendar, the week of which has ten days, the Directory replaced Sundays and religious holidays with republican celebrations. The tenth day of the week, called \"\"decadi\"\", was designated to replace Sunday. The churches still functioning with Constitutional priests were instructed to have mass on \"\"decadi\"\", rather than on the day that would have been Sunday in the previous calendar, and \"\"decadi\"\" became the official non-working day: government employees were off, and schools, shops and markets were closed. To replace saints' and religious days, a whole series of secular", "\"Alcohol laws of Maine\"\nweek. On New Year's Day, alcohol may be sold until 2 a.m. It may be consumed in establishments licensed for on-premises consumption until 1:15 a.m., with the exception of New Year's Day when it is 2:15 a.m. Alcohol sales were previously prohibited until 9 a.m. on Sundays. In 2013 an exception was made to allow sales starting at 6 a.m. when St. Patrick's Day falls on a Sunday. But in 2015 the legislature revised the law again to allow sales on any Sunday starting at 5 a.m., the same as every other day of the week. It is illegal to", "\"Wave offering\"\nfirst night, for example, they say, \"\"Today is the first day in (or, to) the Omer\"\"; on the second night, \"\"Today is the second day in the Omer.\"\" The counting also involves weeks; thus, the seventh day is commemorated, \"\"Today is the seventh day, which is one week in the Omer.\"\" The eighth day is marked, \"\"Today is the eighth day, which is one week and one day in the Omer,\"\" etc. When the Temple stood in Jerusalem, a sheaf of new-cut barley was presented before the altar on the second day of Unleavened Bread. Josephus writes On the second", "KIAH\nthe transactional terms, KHTV also signed an agreement to affiliate with The WB. KHTV became a WB affiliate two days later on September 20, at which time, it began to identify as \"\"Houston's WB39\"\". However, because the network offered prime time programs only on Sunday and Wednesday evenings at the time (it would gradually evolve into offering a six-night-a-week schedule by September 1999), KHTV continued to fill the 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. time slot with feature films and some first-run syndicated programs on nights when the network did not offer programming. During this period, alongside WB prime time and Kids'", "\"Public holidays in Sweden\"\nare not as important as the \"\"main\"\" holidays. The names of the Sundays follow the liturgical calendar and they should be categorized as Christian holidays. Easter Sunday and Pentecost are always on Sundays, but they are seen more like \"\"main\"\" holidays than ordinary Sundays. When the standard working week in Sweden was reduced to 40 hours by the Riksdag, all Saturdays became de facto public holidays. Holy Saturday, Midsummer's Eve, Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve are also de facto holidays. Part of the Swedish tradition is the celebration of \"\"Lucia\"\" (Saint Lucia Day). She is the only saint to", "\"History of freedom of religion in Canada\"\nsharply with the strict sabbatarian ideas of the Presbyterian denomination. Quebec Roman Catholic members of parliament sponsored an amendment that gave the administration of the 1906 Lord's Day Act to the Attorney-General of each province. Just before the federal Act came into effect in 1907, Quebec passed a provincial law that guaranteed individuals such as Jews and Seventh-Day Adventists the right to work on Sunday if they observed some other day. This support for minority groups did not last. During the 1920s, Roman Catholics renewed their support for Sunday observance. The bishops had also given the signal that the time", "Newspaper\nDaily newspapers are not published on Christmas Day, but weekly newspapers would change their day e.g. Sunday newspapers are published on Saturday December 24, Christmas Eve when Christmas Day is falling on Sunday. Weekly newspapers are published once a week, and tend to be smaller than daily papers. Some newspapers are published two or three times a week and are known as biweekly publications. Some publications are published, for example, fortnightly (or bimonthly in American parlance). They have a change from normal weekly day of the week during the Christmas period depending the day of the week Christmas Day is", "\"Walter Mueller\"\nsat on the bench for three weeks before the team's manager, George Gibson, gave him a chance to play. In the early 1920s, Pittsburgh did not play baseball within the state borders on Sundays, due to Pennsylvania's blue laws. Therefore, he Pirates interrupted a home stand to travel to Cubs Park for a one-day trip on Sunday, May 7, 1922 to play the Chicago Cubs. During that game, Mueller became the first major leaguer ever to hit a home run off the first pitch thrown to him in the major leagues. The pitch that resulted in the historic home run,", "\"The Daily Times (Salisbury, Maryland)\"\n\"\"The Wicomico News\"\", a weekly. On December 3, 1923, it became a daily and became \"\"The Evening Times\"\" and later \"\"The Salisbury Times\"\", the \"\"Shoreman's Daily\"\". It changed its Sunday name to \"\"The Sunday Times\"\" on October 22, 1967, to reflect its Sunday publication, while maintaining a five-day publication still known as \"\"The Daily Times\"\". It became a morning publication on October 2, 1989. later, it dropped the name on Sunday and printed seven days a week under the name of \"\"The Daily Times\"\". The paper was located on Main St. in downtown Salisbury, Maryland, for years, at a site", "\"Seventh Day Baptists\"\nwith their church and formed the SDAs.) But there was a connection, and an influence. It was an SDB—Rachel Oakes Preston (1809–1868)—who brought the seventh-day Sabbath understanding to the small Millerite group which became the SDAs in Washington, New Hampshire. Through her influence, Frederick Wheeler became the first Sabbath-keeping Adventist preacher. One family, the Cottrells, looked favorably upon William Miller's Second Advent message, but did not join the movement prior to 1844 because it did not acknowledge the seventh-day Sabbath. After a group of Adventists accepted the Sabbath, the Cottrells joined them. Later on, in the 1860s and '70s, the", "\"Eliya I\"\nthe rite of genuflection on the holy Sunday of Pentecost, which the Nestorians previously did not observe. At the end of his life he was afflicted by a paralysis of his limbs and was confined to bed. He was consecrated on the third Sunday of the Apostles, on the seventh day of the third month of the Arabs in the year 419 [AD 1028/9] in the Greek Palace in Baghdad. His election was conducted by the drawing of lots. He died after fulfilling his office for twenty-one years, and was buried in the Greek Palace on the Sunday after Ascension,", "Sunday\nSunday Sunday is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday. Sunday is a day of rest in most Western countries, as a part of the weekend and weeknight. For most observant Christians, Sunday is observed as a day of worship and rest, holding it as the Lord's Day and the day of Christ's resurrection. In some Muslim countries and Israel, Sunday is the first work day of the week. According to the Hebrew calendar and traditional Christian calendars, Sunday is the first day of the week. But according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 8601, Sunday is", "\"Lord's Day\"\nstated \"\"Sabbaths of the present age\"\" were abolished in favor of one millennial seventh-day Sabbath that ushers in the \"\"eighth day\"\" and commencement of a new world. Accordingly, the eighth-day assembly (Saturday night or Sunday morning) marks both the resurrection and the new creation. Thus first-day observance was a common regional practice at that time. By the mid-2nd century, Justin Martyr wrote in his apologies about the cessation of Sabbath observance and the celebration of the first (or eighth) day of the week (not as a day of rest, but as a day for gathering to worship): \"\"We all gather", "Sabbath\ndays needed to approximate the tropical year were placed after the months at the end of each year. The tenth day of each week, \"\"décadi\"\", replaced Sunday as the day of rest and festivity in France. From 1929 to 1931, the Soviet Union mandated a five-day week, with each day designated by color as a state rest day for a different 20% of the workforce; families usually did not share rest days. Three weeks a year were six or seven days, because interrupted by holidays. From 1931 to 1940, the Soviets mandated a six-day week, with state rest days for", "\"Lance King\"\nrights and creative license to many major labels and managers he encountered in the late 1980s. In 2008 Lance started doing a one-hour radio show called The Sunday Hour of Progressive Power on Sundays broadcast from Norway on MetalExpressRadio.com, shortly after he had ten other stations, some internet, and some broadcast adding the show and it became syndicated and the name of the show was changed to \"\"The Stellar Hour of Progressive Power\"\" because it was effectively playing seven days a week on one or more stations. Lance did the show weekly until fall of 2013. You can still hear", "\"Octave (liturgy)\"\nin the inclusive counting system used in Latin (just as the ninth day was a return to the same day of a nundinal cycle, the eight-day week of the pre-Christian Roman calendar). The \"\"eighth day\"\" or \"\"octava dies\"\" was associated with the weekly Christian celebration of the resurrection of Christ every \"\"eighth day\"\", which became a name for Sunday. As circumcision was performed on the \"\"eighth day\"\" after birth, the number 8 became associated also with baptism, and baptismal fonts have from an early date often been octagonal. The practice of octaves was first introduced under Constantine I, when the", "Sabbatarianism\na two-day Sabbath (Saturday and Sunday), as well as some Protestant denominations, such as some Reformed and Methodist Churches, who observe Sunday as the Christian Sabbath; in addition, the Seventh-day Adventists and Seventh-Day Baptists observe Saturday as the Sabbath. Nevertheless, in the Roman Catholic Church, other Church Councils and imperial edicts \"\"sought to restrict various activities on this day Sunday, especially public amusements in the theater and circus.\"\" Abstention from sin, in the eyes of Saint Augustine of Hippo (354-430), meant Sabbath rest from servile work on Sunday. In the fourteenth century, \"\"the monk Abba Ewostatewos founded a Sabbatarian movement\"\"", "\"Puritan Sabbatarianism\"\na variety of activities on Sundays. The enforcement of Sunday laws gave rise to substantial church-state debates as well as minority-rights movements fueled by the resistance of Jews, Seventh Day Baptists, Catholics, and other religious minorities. In 1671, the Province of Massachusetts Bay, codified the following law with respect to the Sunday Sabbath in its charter: Puritan Sabbatarianism Puritan Sabbatarianism or Reformed Sabbatarianism, often just Sabbatarianism, is observance of Sabbath in Christianity that is typically characterised by devotion of the entire day to worship, and consequently the avoidance of recreational activities. Unlike seventh-day Sabbatarians, Puritan Sabbatarians practice first-day Sabbatarianism (Sunday", "\"Usage share of operating systems\"\nat StatCounter, than now counts tablets separately) became a most used platform, ranking first, at 47.27%, above desktops. The next day, desktops slightly outnumbered \"\"mobile\"\" (unless counting tablets with; some analysts count tablets with smartphones or separately while others with desktops even when most tablets are iPad or Android, not Windows devices). Since Sunday 27 March 2016, the first day the world dipped to desktop-minority, it has happened almost every week, with by week 11–17 July 2016, the world was desktop-minority, followed by the next week, and in fact also for a three-week period. The trend is still stronger on", "\"Sabbath in seventh-day churches\"\nthe accession of Sun-worship. Emperor Constantine then enacted the first Sunday Laws, for \"\"the venerable Day of the Sun\"\" in 321 A.D. On March 7, 321, the Roman emperor Constantine issued a decree making Sunday a day of rest from labor, stating: We find a good description of this in sources such as the book Rest Days which states: Early Christian observance of both the spiritual seventh-day sabbath and a Lord's Day assembly is evidenced in Ignatius's letter to the Magnesians ca. 110. The Pseudo-Ignatian additions amplified this point by combining weekly observance of spiritual seventh-day sabbath with the Lord's", "\"The Last Day (Red Dwarf)\"\nGeorge S. Patton's sinal fluid. \"\"Star Trek\"\" is mentioned by Lister following the crew's decision to stick up for Kryten when the replacement arrives, Kryten regards this as true friendship, but Lister replies with \"\"don't give me that Star Trek crap, it's too early in the morning\"\". Hudzen's POV \"\"Hologram. Ex-human. VIABLE TARGET\"\" parodies the \"\"Terminator\"\"'s similar POV. Rimmer mentions 1 Corinthians 13 from the Bible, referring to a (fictional) group called the Seventh Day Advent Hoppists (A play on Seventh-day Adventists who actually observe Saturday as the seventh day, not Sunday) that based their doctrine on a misprinting that", "\"Lord's Day\"\nmorning or Saturday night) was practiced alongside observance of seventh-day Sabbath rest and was a widespread Christian tradition by the 2nd century, attested in patristic writings of the 2nd century; over time, Sunday thus came to be known as Lord's Day. These early Christians believed that the resurrection and ascension of Christ signals the renewal of creation, making the day on which God accomplished it a day analogous to the first day of creation when God made the light. Some of these writers referred to Sunday as the \"\"eighth day\"\". The 1st-century or 2nd-century Epistle of Barnabas or Pseudo-Barnabas on", "Calendar\ndisplay is also used in Britain. It is common to display the Gregorian calendar in separate monthly grids of seven columns (from Monday to Sunday, or Sunday to Saturday depending on which day is considered to start the week – this varies according to country) and five to six rows (or rarely, four rows when the month of February contains 28 days beginning on the first day of the week), with the day of the month numbered in each cell, beginning with 1. The sixth row is sometimes eliminated by marking 23/30 and 24/31 together as necessary. When working with", "\"Sunday Trading Act 1994\"\n9am. Large shops were excluded from opening on Easter Sunday and Christmas Day (when it fell on a Sunday), but the Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004 made it illegal for large shops to open on Christmas Day whichever day of the week it fell on. Shops in Scotland, where Sunday trading had always been generally unregulated, retained the right to open at any time. However the right for workers in Scotland to refuse to work on a Sunday was later conferred by the Sunday Working (Scotland) Act 2003. Northern Ireland has separate laws governing Sunday opening. The Sunday Trading Bill", "\"Sabbath in seventh-day churches\"\nAnabaptists, such as Oswald Glaidt, argued that the seventh day should be observed as the sabbath and that Sunday sabbath was an invention of the Pope. Seventh-day Sabbatarianism was revived in 17th-century England. Early advocates included the Elizabethan Seventh-Day Men, the Traskites (after John Traske, 1586–1636), and Thomas Brabourne. The majority of seventh-day Sabbatarians were part of the Seventh Day Baptist church and experienced harsh opposition from Anglican authorities and Puritans. The first Seventh Day Baptist church in the United States was established in Rhode Island in 1671. Seventh Day Baptists are Christian Baptists who observe seventh-day Sabbath. The Seventh", "Saturday\nmany Arab countries but the Last Day in other Islamic countries such as Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Central Asian countries, Turkey. The international standard ISO 8601 sets Saturday as the sixth day of the week. The three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) regard Saturday as the seventh day of the week. As a result, many refused the ISO 8601 standards and continue to use Saturday as their seventh day. For Jews, Messianics, Seventh Day Baptists and Seventh-day Adventists, the seventh day of the week, known as Shabbat (or Sabbath for Seventh-day Adventists), stretches from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday", "\"Radio Luxembourg\"\na large audience in Britain, Ireland and many other European countries with sponsored programming aired from noon until midnight on Sundays and at various times during the rest of the week. 11% of Britons listened to it during the week, preferring Luxembourg's light music and variety programmes to the BBC. Up to half of Britons did so before 10:15 am on weekdays when the BBC did not broadcast, and on weekends when it followed the \"\"Reith Sunday\"\" schedule of only serious and religious programmes. The BBC and successive British governments continued to oppose the competition, citing Radio Luxembourg's use of", "\"Biblical Sabbath\"\nin the Eighth Day, the commencement of a new world.' (And we too rejoice in celebrating the Eighth Day; because that was when Jesus rose from the dead, and showed Himself again, and ascended into heaven.)\"\" Ethiopian Orthodox and Eritrean Orthodox Christians (both of which are branches of Oriental Orthodoxy) distinguish between the Sabbath (seventh day) and Lord's Day (first day) and observe both. Seventh-day Adventists in several islands of the Pacific (Tonga; Western Samoa; Tokelau; Wallis & Futuna; Phoenix & Line Islands) observe Sunday as the practice on ships in the Pacific had been to change days at the", "\"Point After\"\nfrom its beginning during the 2003 season. The original version was basically an automated program that aired on Sunday nights. A voice-over announcer briefly described the games of that NFL Sunday, then the comments of the players and coaches in that game aired. When NFLN revamped for 2006, mainly to mark the start of live regular-season play-by-play, this program became \"\"NFL Scoreboard\"\" and \"\"Point After\"\" became a more polished five-day-a-week show. Also, college soundbites were added as part of an additional emphasis on collegiate football. In 2008, NFL Network cancelled this program and replaced it with \"\"Team Cam\"\", which has", "\"Sunday shopping\"\nof the family and community have the opportunity to spend and enjoy together, a day on which there exists relative quiet and disassociation from the everyday intensity of commercial activities, a day on which people may visit friends and relative who are not available during working days.\"\" In some religions, the day of the Sabbath is the seventh day of the week, said to be the day God rested after six days of creation. This is written in the Torah or Old Testament and New Testament (Genesis 2:2-3; Exodus 20:8; Exodus 23:12; Exodus 31:13-17; Deuteronomy 5:12: Hebrews 4:4-8) of the", "\"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles\"\nno provinces in the United States celebrate the solemnities of Epiphany, Corpus Christi, Saint Joseph, or the Apostles Saints Peter and Paul as holy days of obligation. The Metropolitan Province of Los Angeles, which includes the L.A. Archdiocese, further modified the list and currently celebrates 4 holy days of obligation on the day prescribed by canon law. The solemnity of the Ascension is moved from Thursday of the sixth week of Easter to the seventh Sunday of Easter. The province does not celebrate the solemnity of Mary, Mother of God as a holy day. However, per Canon 87 of the", "\"International Date Line\"\nunderstanding of the International Date Line, as Tonga lies east of the 180° meridian. Sunday as observed in Tonga (as with Kiribati, Samoa, and parts of Fiji and Tuvalu) is considered by the Seventh-day Adventist Church to be the same day as Saturday observed in most other places. Most Seventh Day Adventists in Samoa planned to observe Sabbath on Sunday after Samoa's crossing the date line in December 2011, but SDA groups in Samatau village and other places (approx. 300 members) decided to accept the IDL adjustment and observe the Sabbath on Saturday. Debate continues within the Seventh-day Adventist community", "\"Loma Linda, California\"\nLinda University Church of Seventh-day Adventists, on the LLU campus, has one of the largest Adventist congregations in the world. Due to the large number of Loma Linda residents who are Seventh-day Adventists, the city was one of the few which had weekend mail delivery service on Sunday instead of Saturday. However, this distinction ended on April 23, 2011, when Saturday delivery resumed as part of a Post Office cost-cutting effort. Since a popular practice of Seventh-day Adventists is vegetarianism, most restaurants in Loma Linda, including local fast-food franchises, feature a vegetarian menu in addition to regular menu items. The", "\"Sabbath in seventh-day churches\"\nand to rest from their work on Sunday, instead of Sabbath, which is not in keeping with Scripture. The sabbath is one of the defining characteristics of seventh-day denominations, including Seventh Day Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, the Seventh-Day Evangelist Church, the Church of God (7th Day) headquartered in Salem, West Virginia, the Church of God (Seventh Day) conferences, True Jesus Church, and the United Church of God, among many others. The sabbath was first described in the biblical account of the seventh day of creation. Observation and remembrance of the sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments (the fourth in the", "\"Puritan Sabbatarianism\"\ndivinely ordained command, in contrast to non-Sabbatarian and antinomian reliance on Christian liberty, thus was a closely linked development to the regulative principle amongst English Protestants over the 17th century. Stricter observance of Lord's Day arose in England and Scotland, in reaction to the Prelatic laxity with which Sunday observance was customarily kept, which included recreations classified as lawful. Opposed also by seventh-day Sabbatarians John Traske, Theophilus Brabourne, and the Seventh-day Baptists, some Puritans stated that Sabbath was a proportion (one-seventh) rather than a particular day (either Saturday or Sunday), while others further specifically identified the first day as Christian", "\"Weekend Today\"\nShriver returned from maternity leave on April 8, 1990, to \"\"Sunday Today\"\" and announced that she would be leaving the show after that day's broadcast. Couric was named interim co-anchor until Mary Alice Williams became the new co-anchor later that month. Production of the Sunday program returned to New York City when Utley left \"\"Meet the Press\"\" in 1991. On August 1, 1992, the Saturday edition made its debut with the reduction of NBC's children's programming block on Saturday mornings to the three-hour \"\"TNBC\"\" block, expanding the broadcast schedule of the \"\"Today\"\" franchise to seven days a week. The weekend", "\"Out of Step (TV series)\"\ntramp's life really a happy one?\"\" 11. Witchcraft (TX: 4 December 1957) \"\"Meet a witch and hear about \"\"the wickedest man in the world\"\"\"\" 12. The Seventh Day (TX: 11 December 1957) \"\"Practically everything is shut on an English Sunday. The Lord's Day Observance Society are campaigning to make the laws about Sunday even more strict than they are now.\"\" 13. One Man Against The World (TX: 18 December 1957) \"\"Harold Steele made his courageous protest against atom warfare. It failed - or did it?\"\" Out of Step (TV series) Out of Step is a documentary series made by Associated-Rediffusion", "\"S. Truett Cathy\"\nthe company's locations, whether company-owned or franchised, are closed on Sundays to allow its employees to attend church and spend time with their families. This policy began when Cathy was working six days a week, multiple shifts. He decided to close on Sundays. Cathy wrote five books: the autobiography \"\"Eat Mor Chikin: Inspire More People\"\", a motivational book entitled \"\"It's Easier to Succeed Than to Fail\"\", the parenting book \"\"It's Better to Build Boys Than Mend Men\"\", an explanation of his business success in \"\"How Did You Do It, Truett?\"\", and a final book on the significance of money in", "\"Op zoek naar Mary Poppins\"\nperformances were: Simone was the fifth Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday The show performances were: Carmen was the sixth Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday. The show performances were: Week six was the quarter-final stage of the series. Willemijn was the seventh Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday. The show performances were: Week seven was the semi-final stage of the series. Irene was the eighth Mary to be eliminated in the Results show on Sunday - the last time Nijholt has any say in the vote. The", "\"Sabbath in seventh-day churches\"\nfrom the church's interpretation, following Ellen G. White, of , , , , and . Where the subject of persecution appeared in prophecy, it was thought to be about the sabbath. Some early Adventists were jailed for working on Sunday, in violation of various local blue laws that legislated Sunday as a day of rest. Seventh-day Sabbatarianism was a key feature of the former Worldwide Church of God, founded by Herbert W. Armstrong, and its various descendant movements. Armstrong, who began the Radio Church of God, was in 1931 ordained by the Oregon Conference of the Church of God (Seventh", "\"East Broad Top Railroad and Coal Company\"\nDuring special events and holidays trains run other days of the week as well as into November and December. The rides are round trips and take about an hour. The annual Fall Spectacular, when all operating equipment is in use, is the best weekend to attend. The Spectacular is held on the Saturday and Sunday of Columbus Day weekend in October. There are also special events at Community Appreciation Day in early August and the June Opening on the first full weekend of June (this event did not occur in 2011 as the railroad opening earlier). The train stops at", "\"Survival Sunday\"\nSurvival Sunday Survival Sunday is a term used to refer to final day coverage of the Premier League in England. The phrase is primarily used by Sky Sports, when relegation places are still to be decided, and is used on all the adverts for the end of season football coverage, a day when all the week's ten matches are scheduled for the same window of time. The Fox Sports cable group in the United States also used the branding for the same coverage in 2012, when nine of that day's matches were carried across Fox's cable networks (including those that" ]

[ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "Kareem Abdul - Jabbar", "Kobe Bryant", "Michael Jordan", "Wilt Chamberlain", "Karl Malone" ]

[ "\"Dave Hoppen\"\nDave Hoppen David Dirk Hoppen (born March 13, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and other leagues. Hoppen attended the University of Nebraska and is the school's all-time leading scorer. He was named All-Big Eight in each of his last three seasons and is generally considered one of the top players in school history. A 6'11\"\" center, Hoppen was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the third round (65th pick overall) of the 1986 NBA draft and played six NBA seasons. Born and raised in Omaha, Nebraska, Hoppen attended Omaha", "\"Alphonso Ford\"\nits trophy for the leading scorer of the year, the Alphonso Ford EuroLeague Top Scorer Trophy. The player who replaced Ford on Scavolini Pesaro, following his death, Charles Smith, would win the award the very next season. Alphonso Ford Alphonso Gene Ford (October 31, 1971 – September 4, 2004) was an American professional basketball player. A 1.92 m (6 ft 3 in) tall, 98 kg (216 lbs.) shooting guard, he was one of the greatest scorers in college basketball history. After a short stint in the NBA, he played professionally in Europe. Ford confirmed his tremendous scoring ability in the", "\"Greg Hyder\"\ncollege career at Eastern New Mexico University as the 7th leading scorer in school's history with 1,316 points and currently stands 10th all time. The 1969 Championship team also fielded Jim Guymon (1967–1971), who graduated as the 5th all time scorer in school's history with 1,530 and currently ranks 7th. Following his senior season in 1970, Greg was drafted by the Cincinnati Royals of the NBA in the third round and played one season. Brother Jerry was drafted by the Denver Rockets of the ABA in 1971. He never played professional basketball in the ABA or the NBA and Jim", "\"Zam Fredrick\"\ntotal points he scored during his senior season is second all-time in school history, to Grady Wallace's 906, who, coincidentally, also led the nation in scoring in 1956–57. Despite being selected by the Los Angeles Lakers, in the 1981 NBA Draft (third round, 51st overall), Fredrick never played in the NBA. he was the Italian League Top Scorer in 1982, and the FIBA Saporta Cup Finals Top Scorer, in 1986. After his decade-long professional career in Europe, Fredrick came back to the US, and coached high school basketball at Calhoun County High School (CCHS), in St. Matthews, South Carolina. During", "\"Mark Titus\"\nformer teammate Mike Conley said he was a top 5 favorite teammate of his who averaged less than 1 point per game. Born in Brownsburg, Indiana, Titus played basketball at Brownsburg High School in Indiana. For Brownsburg High, Titus scored more than 1,000 career points (only other 1,000 point scorers in BHS history: Eric Riggs '94, Jered Reeves '02, and current NBA player Gordon Hayward '08) and was voted second team All-Indiana selection twice. He played on the same AAU team as future NBA players Daequan Cook, Eric Gordon, Josh McRoberts, Mike Conley, and Greg Oden. In the fall of", "\"Ed Palubinskas\"\nleading scorer missing the Olympic scoring title by one point. At LSU, Palubinskas averaged 18.6 ppg and was selected to the All-SEC Coaches Team. Palubinskas was selected in the 1975 NBA draft by the Atlanta Hawks in the 3rd round. He was then traded to the New Orleans Jazz and drafted in the 8th round of the ABA draft by the Utah Stars. Palubinskas never played in the NBA. After being the second leading scorer in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Palubinskas was the top overall scorer in 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. He set three Olympic scoring records", "\"Alphonso Ford\"\nAlphonso Ford Alphonso Gene Ford (October 31, 1971 – September 4, 2004) was an American professional basketball player. A 1.92 m (6 ft 3 in) tall, 98 kg (216 lbs.) shooting guard, he was one of the greatest scorers in college basketball history. After a short stint in the NBA, he played professionally in Europe. Ford confirmed his tremendous scoring ability in the EuroLeague, and became a reference in the matter, notwithstanding his chronic health issues. He was the EuroLeague Top Scorer twice (2001, 2002), and earned an All-EuroLeague selection three times. The competition's leading scorer award bears his name,", "\"Jo Jo White\"\nthe Eastern Conference Finals. In 1976, White was part of a dominant Celtics squad which featured 5 veterans averaging double-digit scoring. During the playoffs, White led the Celtics to the NBA championship and was a starring player in what is often referred to as \"\"the greatest game ever played\"\" in NBA history. In the triple overtime win against the Phoenix Suns in game 5 of those finals, White was the game's high scorer with 33 points, had a game high 9 assists, leading the Celtics to a 128–126 win. Logging 60 minutes of play time, only the Suns' Garfield Heard", "\"1971–72 NBA season\"\npoints in the third quarter. However, the Lakers led by assist champion Jerry West, leading scorer Gail Goodrich and veteran Wilt Chamberlain would win 4 of the next 5 games and beat Milwaukee in six games. In the Eastern Conference Finals, New York defeated the top-seed Celtics in five games. In the NBA Finals, New York won game 1 very easily, but Los Angeles won game 2 106–92 to even the series. In game 3, the Lakers jumped out to a 22-point lead and regained home-court advantage with a 107–96 win. In game 4, the Knicks forced overtime. At the", "\"Nebraska Cornhuskers men's basketball\"\nfuture NBA players, Erick Strickland and 1998 first-round draft pick Tyronn Lue, started in the backcourt. And two other players on the team scored 1,000 career points, Jaron Boone and freshman Venson Hamilton, who would finish his career in 1999 as the school's all-time leading rebounder and shot-blocker. Lue's contributions as a freshman to the NIT championship team were only a preview of what was to come. The 6–0 point guard finished his career as the seventh leading scorer in school history, and he ranked in the top 10 in 12 other career categories. He took the 1996–97 Cornhuskers to", "\"New Mexico Lobos men's basketball\"\npoints and five rebounds a game as a Lobo, also leading the team in assists and steals. \"\"Coop\"\" later became a mainstay of the \"\"Showtime\"\" Los Angeles Lakers of the 1980s, winning five NBA championships over a 12-year career. His defensive prowess made him an eight-time recipient of NBA All-Defensive Team honors, as well as the Defensive Player of the Year Award in 1987. By contrast, Marvin \"\"Automatic\"\" Johnson was one of the greatest scorers in Lobo history. He became the fourth leading scorer in school history at the time in just two seasons, set single season records for total", "\"2000 McDonald's All-American Boys Game\"\nin the roster and scored many points in the paint. Center Zach Randolph was the MVP of the game with 23 points and 15 rebounds. Other players who starred were DeShawn Stevenson, the game top scorer with 25 points; Darius Miles with his 17 points; Andre Brown, another player who recorded a double-double with 20 points and 14 rebounds, like Gerald Wallace (15 pts/10 rebs); Andre Barrett, the agile 5-9 point guard, recorded 12 assists, the second best performance in the event history. Of the 24 players, 13 went on to play at least 1 game in the NBA. Following", "\"Carl English\"\nof college and left with the second-most career three-pointers in school history. After going undrafted in the 2003 NBA draft, English began his professional career in the NBA D-League. In 2005, he signed with Italian team Virtus Bologna. English subsequently joined Zadar in Croatia, where he was one of the best scorers. In 2007, he moved to Spain for several years, leading the top Spanish league in scoring with Estudiantes in 2013. He returned to his hometown in 2017 with NBL Canada team St. John's Edge and was named Most Valuable Player and Canadian of the Year in his first", "\"Damian Lillard\"\nhistory (1,934 points) and the No. 5 scorer in Big Sky history. Lillard was selected with the sixth overall pick in the 2012 NBA draft by the Portland Trail Blazers. In the season opener against the Los Angeles Lakers on October 31, Lillard recorded 23 points and 11 assists to join Oscar Robertson and Allen Iverson as the only players in NBA history with at least 20 points and 10 assists in their NBA debut. In addition, his 11 assists were the most by an NBA rookie in his first game since Jason Kidd (11) in 1994, and the most", "\"Dorian Finney-Smith\"\ncoaches and third-team All-SEC by the Associated Press. He was Florida's leading scorer (14.7) for the second straight season and top rebounder (8.3) for the third consecutive season. He became the first Florida player to join the 1,000-point club after transferring to the school mid-tenure. His 1,220 career points at Florida rank 36th in school history. After going undrafted in the 2016 NBA draft, Finney-Smith signed with the Dallas Mavericks on July 8, and joined the team for the 2016 NBA Summer League. Finney-Smith secured an opening-night roster spot after impressing the Mavericks during training camp and preseason. After playing", "\"Tyrone Garland\"\nSchool, where Bartram lost 48–56. He scored 32 points and 6 three-pointers, but his teammates were only 5-for-37 in their shot attempts. In an earlier 2009 Class AAAA playoff contest vs Pocono Mountain East High School, Garland scored eight consecutive points in the final 44 seconds of regulation. He capped the streak by making a 30-foot shot with 3.3 seconds remaining, and his 40 total points helped Bartram win, 72–67. Garland scored a total of 2,198 points, making him the top scorer in school history and the third-leading scorer in Public League history. Maureece Rice, who scored 2,681, and Wilt", "\"Fab Five (University of Michigan)\"\nwon two NBA championship rings with the Miami Heat. Jalen Rose grew as a player between 1999 and 2003, leading the Indiana Pacers in scoring the year they reached the NBA Finals (2000). Chris Webber was an NBA All-Star and the leading scorer on the Sacramento Kings team that reached the Western Conference Finals (2002). As a member of the Miami Heat, Juwan Howard became the first and only member of the Fab Five to win an NBA Championship in 2012. He did not play in the Finals until the final minutes of Game 5, when Miami defeated the Oklahoma", "\"History of the Charlotte Hornets\"\ninaugural season the Hornets were led by ex-Pistons guard Kelly Tripucka, who provided instant offense and was Charlotte's top scorer for the franchise's first two seasons. Other notable players included sharpshooting rookie and first-ever draft choice Rex Chapman, a long-distance scoring threat, and floor general Muggsy Bogues, the shortest player in NBA history at 5'3\"\". The Hornets' first NBA game took place on November 4, 1988, at the Charlotte Coliseum, and was a 133–93 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers. The opening night lineup included Tripucka, Kurt Rambis, Dave Hoppen, Robert Reid, and Rickey Green. Four days later, the team notched", "\"2005 NBA Finals\"\nthree-point line, the Spurs made 11 3-pointers, including four each by Manu Ginóbili and Bruce Bowen, who did not score a point in Game One. Ginobili again led the Spurs with a 27 points, while Tim Duncan finished with 18 points and 11 rebounds. Antonio McDyess was the high scorer for Detroit, scoring 15 points off the bench. The 2-0 lead was a big advantage for San Antonio. In the history of the NBA, the team with home-court advantage started a series with a 2–0 lead 153 times. On just seven occasions, the trailing team rebounded to win the series.", "\"Elite One Championship V Grand Final\"\nat half-time, to win the championship for the first time in their history. However it was Pia who scored first with Maxime Grésèque kicking a penalty after 5 minutes for Pia to lead by two points. They further extended this lead with a try from Nicolas Piquemal, although the conversion was unsuccessful. In the 15th minute Australian halfback James Wynne kicked a penalty and also successfully kicked the conversion to Jared Taylor's try seven minutes later. Jared Taylor, who was top try scorer in the league, then scored another try to propel Lezignan to a 12-6 lead going into half", "\"1972 NBA Finals\"\nstands. The 69 wins would remain a record for the most wins in a season until the 1995-96 Chicago Bulls (who were coached by former Knick Phil Jackson) broke it en route to a 72-win season that also resulted in a championship of their own. They were led by Wilt Chamberlain, the NBA's top rebounder that season. Guards Gail Goodrich and Jerry West were each among the NBA's top ten scorers that season, spearheading the NBA's top offense at 121 points per game. West also led the NBA in assists. The Lakers as a team led all NBA teams in", "\"Ovie Soko\"\nppg. in 2006) and seventh player in Duquesne history to lead the Atlantic 10 in scoring (18.4 ppg.). He was the only Atlantic 10 player ranked in the Top 10 in scoring and rebounding as well as the only forward ranked among the Atlantic 10's top 12 scorers. Soko went undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft. On August 3, 2014, he signed a one-year deal with Boulazac Dordogneof the LNB Pro B. On August 24, 2015, he signed with Aries Trikala of Greece for the 2015–16 season. He appeared in 19 games for Aries Trikala, averaging 16.5 points, 7.9 rebounds,", "\"Shawn Kemp\"\nShawn Kemp Shawn Travis Kemp (born November 26, 1969) is an American retired professional basketball player, who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for 14 seasons. He was a six-time NBA All-Star and a three-time All-NBA Second Team member. Kemp attended Concord High School in Elkhart, Indiana. A four-year varsity starter, he was considered to be one of the top four or five players nationally his senior year, and led his team to the state championship finals. Kemp ended his high school career as Elkhart County's all-time leading scorer and the owner of Concord's career, single-game and single-season scoring", "\"Mercer Bears\"\ninclude Sam Mitchell, a retired NBA player who became head coach of the Toronto Raptors. Mitchell was drafted with the seventh pick of the third round (54th overall) by the Houston Rockets in the 1985 NBA draft. He scored nearly 2,000 points at Mercer, the leading scorer in team history, and led Mercer to the 1985 Trans-America Athletic Conference regular season and tournament championships. More recent alumni include Will Emerson, a forward on the men's basketball team, who was the 2004–05 and 2005–06 Atlantic Sun Conference Male Student Athlete of the Year, only the third person to be selected twice", "\"1973–74 Philadelphia 76ers season\"\na single game with the Sixers, opting for the ABA. Fred Carter was the teams leading scorer who averaged over 20 points a game, and Doug Collins was a rookie on this squad, who was the Number one overall draft choice from Illinois State in the 1973 draft. This table only displays picks through the second round. 1973–74 Philadelphia 76ers season The 1973-74 NBA season was the 76ers 25th season in the NBA and 11th season in Philadelphia. Although the team did improve from a league history worst 9 wins to 25 wins, an even greater loss occurred in the", "\"1967–68 NBA season\"\n1967–68 NBA season The 1967–68 NBA season was the 22nd season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning the NBA Championship, beating the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals. The season began with the Philadelphia 76ers, the dominant winners from a year ago who had ended Boston's dynasty, looking very good to repeat under coach Alex Hannum and superstar Wilt Chamberlain. The Sixers had six scorers over 11 per game, and were again based around their four leading scorers: Chamberlain, Hal Greer, Billy Cunningham, and Chet Walker. Philadelphia led", "\"Magic Johnson\"\nthe chance to play alongside Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, the team's 7 ft 2 in (2.18 m) center who became the leading scorer in NBA history. Despite Abdul-Jabbar's dominance, he had failed to win a championship with the Lakers, and Johnson was expected to help them achieve that goal. Lakers coach Jack McKinney had the rookie Johnson, who some analysts thought should play forward, be a point guard, even though incumbent Norm Nixon was already one of the best in the league. Johnson averaged 18.0 points, 7.7 rebounds, and 7.3 assists per game for the season, was selected to the NBA All-Rookie", "\"Jim Kerwin\"\nJim Kerwin Jim Kerwin (born March 23, 1941) is an American retired basketball player and college coach. Kerwin, a 6'3\"\" shooting guard from Croydon Hall High School in Middletown, New Jersey, came to Tulane and was a three-year starter for the Green Wave and one of the Southeastern Conference's top scorers. Kerwin left Tulane as the school's all-time leading scorer (since eclipsed) with 1,462 points. After the season, he was drafted by the New York Knicks in the 1963 NBA draft (sixth round, 45th pick), but never played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Following an Amateur Athletic Union (AAU)", "\"Rashard Lewis\"\nThat year, he made 53 more three-pointers than his previous single-season record (173, 2004–05). During the playoffs, the Magic reached the second round, with Lewis contributing a 33-point performance against the Detroit Pistons in Orlando's only win of the series. Lewis was the Magic's top scorer in the playoffs and set personal records in points, rebounds, and assists. Lewis started the 2008–09 season as the team's second leading scorer, earning an appearance in the 2009 NBA All-Star Game. In the 2009 NBA Playoffs, Lewis hit a game-winning shot in the first game of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Cleveland", "\"Los Angeles Lakers\"\nKobe Bryant that ended his season after 78 games. The absence of Bryant was sorely felt as the Lakers were swept by the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the 2013 NBA Playoffs. Nevertheless, Bryant passed Lakers legend Wilt Chamberlain to become the fourth all-time leading scorer in NBA history on March 30, 2013, against the Sacramento Kings. On March 25, 2014, the Lakers scored 51 points in the third quarter against the New York Knicks, the most points scored in a quarter in the history of the franchise. The Lakers went on to miss the NBA playoffs", "\"George McGinnis\"\nhelped lead the Sixers to the NBA Finals in 1977. McGinnis was traded to the Denver Nuggets in 1978, and was an All-Star again that season. Hoping to boost sagging attendance in their early NBA years, the Pacers re-acquired McGinnis in a trade for a young, high-scoring forward named Alex English. However, McGinnis was only a shadow of his former self, and contributed very little during his two-year return to Indiana. Meanwhile, English went on to become one of the most prolific scorers in NBA history. This transaction is now considered among the worst trades in Pacers' history. McGinnis is", "\"Dolph Schayes\"\nof cancer on December 10, 2015, at the age of 87. Dolph Schayes Adolph Schayes (May 19, 1928 – December 10, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA). A top scorer and rebounder, he was a 12-time NBA All-Star and a 12-time All-NBA selection. Schayes won an NBA championship with the Syracuse Nationals in 1955. He was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History and inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Schayes played his entire career with the Nationals and their successor, the Philadelphia 76ers, from", "\"George Mikan\"\nno me.\"\" Before Game 5 of the 2005 Eastern Conference Finals between the Heat and the Detroit Pistons, there was a moment of silence to honor Mikan. Bob Cousy remarked that Mikan figuratively carried the NBA in the early days and single-handedly made the league credible and popular. The 2005 NBA Finals between the Pistons and the San Antonio Spurs was dedicated to Mikan. Mikan is lauded as the pioneer of Modern Age basketball. He was the original center, who scored 11,764 points, an average of 22.6 per game, retired as the all-time leading scorer and averaged 13.4 rebounds and", "\"Maurice Cheeks\"\naveraged 16.8 points per game and shot nearly 57% for his collegiate career. He is the third leading scorer in WTSU/WTAM history. After college, Cheeks was selected as the 36th pick in the second round of the 1978 NBA draft by the Philadelphia 76ers. Cheeks played 15 years as a point guard in the NBA, including 11 with the Philadelphia 76ers, He earned four trips to the NBA All-Star Game, and he helped the 76ers to three trips to the NBA Finals in a four-year span in the early 1980s (1980, 1982, and 1983), including an NBA championship in 1983.", "\"David Bailey (basketball)\"\nleading scorer in Horizon League history in 2003 with 1933 points. This ranked him as the third-leading scorer in Loyola Ramblers history, and he retired as the Loyola leader in three point shots made. In his final career home game, he opposed his brother. He played in the Ligue Nationale de Basketball (Pro A) for a few years including a year each with Le Mans Sarthe Basket, BCM Gravelines and Hyères-Toulon Var Basket. He has also played in the Korvpalli Meistriliiga (KML) in Estonia for Tartu Ülikool/Rock and in the NBA Development League for the Sioux Falls Skyforce, Fort Wayne", "\"Dolph Schayes\"\nDolph Schayes Adolph Schayes (May 19, 1928 – December 10, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA). A top scorer and rebounder, he was a 12-time NBA All-Star and a 12-time All-NBA selection. Schayes won an NBA championship with the Syracuse Nationals in 1955. He was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History and inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Schayes played his entire career with the Nationals and their successor, the Philadelphia 76ers, from 1948 to 1964. In his 16-year career, he led his team", "\"2007 NBA Finals\"\n2-point Suns lead. With 18 seconds left, Robert Horry bodychecked Nash into the scorers' table. Nash's teammates jumped to his defense; during the ensuing altercation, Stoudemire and Boris Diaw left the bench. Their action violated NBA rules, and league commissioner David Stern suspended both players for game 5. Horry was also suspended two games for his flagrant foul on Nash. In game 5, in Phoenix, the short-handed Suns jumped out early to a 16-point lead, but in a reversal of game 4, the Spurs came back in the final seconds and won the game 88–85, giving San Antonio a 3–2", "\"1970–71 NHL season\"\nrecords for most victories (57) and points (121). Phil Esposito set records for most goals in a season with 76 and for most points with 152. Defenceman Bobby Orr won his second consecutive Hart Memorial Trophy and set a new record for assists with 102. The Bruins also had the four league leading scorers, the first time in history this was achieved (the only other time being by the Bruins in 1974), and seven of the top eleven leading scorers, the only time in NHL history this has ever been achieved. They had 6 of the top 8 scorers in", "\"2013 NBA All-Star Game\"\nBasketball Players Association. The West led at the end of each quarter and won 143–138 behind Chris Paul, who won MVP honors scoring 20 points, handing out 15 assists and grabbing 4 steals. The West never led by more than eight points through the first three quarters, but they pushed the lead to double figures early in the fourth. Kobe Bryant blocked two shots by LeBron James late in the game, part of a late run to secure the game for the West. Kevin Durant led all scorers with 30 points and became the first player in NBA history to", "\"LeBron James\"\nand perimeter, called the defensive sets, and provided scoring when needed. During a game against Australia, he recorded the first triple-double in U.S. Olympic basketball history with 11 points, 14 rebounds and 12 assists. Team USA went on to win their second straight gold medal, again defeating Spain in the final game. James contributed 19 points in the win, becoming the all-time leading scorer in U.S. men's basketball history. He also joined Michael Jordan as the only players to win an NBA MVP award, NBA championship, NBA Finals MVP, and Olympic gold medal in the same year. Afterwards, Krzyzewski said", "\"Adrian Oliver\"\nbasketball in Las Vegas, Nevada with NBA players like Chuck Hayes, who attended Modesto Christian High. When San Jose State beat Oregon 75–72 on November 20, 2010, that was the first time SJSU beat a Pac-10 team since 1992. Prior to that game, Oliver had 1,066 career points, the 10th-highest all-time total among Spartans men's basketball players. By December 2010, Oliver became the Spartans' lead scorer, having scored 34 points in the season opener 67–60 victory against Eastern Washington and 35 points in an 80–77 victory over UC Riverside. The \"\"San Francisco Chronicle\"\" reported that Oliver was the top scorer", "\"Anthony Davis\"\nhis first five-by-five. It was the first 50-point, 15-rebound, 5-assist, 5-steal performance in NBA history since steals became an officially recorded statistic in the 1973–74 season. His 50-point night was the second highest scoring output of his career and was the most by any NBA player in a season opener since Michael Jordan scored 54 points in 1989. Two days later, he had 45 points and 17 rebounds against the Golden State Warriors, becoming the first back-to-back game 40-point scorer in Pelicans history (since the New Orleans Hornets creation in 2002). On November 10, he scored 32 points against the", "\"Steve Sullivan (basketball)\"\nonly seven Georgetown players ever to lead the team in scoring and rebounding in consecutive seasons. Sullivan graduated from Georgetown as the school's seventh all-time scorer, second all time rebounder, and the highest NBA draft pick to date in program history. Sullivan remained the highest Georgetown NBA pick until Sleepy Floyd was the 13th pick of the 1982 NBA Draft. Both were surpassed when Patrick Ewing was the first pick of the 1985 NBA Draft. Sullivan was selected as a member of the USA Basketball Gold Medal teams of the 1967 Pan Am games and 1968 World University Games. The", "\"Lucious Harris\"\ngame versus the University of the Pacific. Harris was the school's All-Time leading scorer, scoring 2312 points throughout his career. In addition, Harris was the school's Single-Season leading scorer, scoring 739 points in the 1992-1993 season. Lucious was also known for his defense. Lucious Harris Lucious H. Harris (born December 18, 1970) (aged 47) is an American former professional basketball player who was selected by the Dallas Mavericks in the 2nd round (28th overall) of the 1993 NBA Draft. Harris has played for the Mavericks, Philadelphia 76ers, New Jersey Nets and Cleveland Cavaliers in 12 NBA seasons. He played in", "\"High Point Panthers\"\nrebounds and was A.P. All-American honorable mention twice. In 2011-12, guard Nick Barbour broke Reid's Division I scoring record, finishing his career with 2,121 points. Barbour became the second player in team history to lead HPU in scoring four times in a row. The team's prominent alumni include current head coach Tubby Smith, former NBA head coach Gene Littles and former NBA referee Joe Forte. Littles is the program's all-time leading scorer, with 2,398 points from 1965-69. George Nostrand played at High Point from 1941–44 and went on to play in the first NBA game ever in 1946. Along with", "\"New Mexico Lobos men's basketball\"\nthe fourth straight season, garnering a nine-seed against Missouri. Thomas had his best NCAA performance with 20 points, 10 rebounds, and four blocks, while Long added 17 points and 12 rebounds and made the game-winning basket in the closing seconds. The Lobos then fell to eventual national champion Connecticut, shooting just 26%, to finish 25-9. Thomas was named All-WAC for the third time and finished his career as the second leading scorer and top rebounder in Lobo history. He was selected as the 22nd pick in the first round of the 1999 NBA draft by Houston and played for eleven", "\"David Robinson (basketball)\"\nplayers in NBA history to lead the league in scoring (), rebounding () and blocked shots () during his career Second player in NBA history to win Rookie of the Year, Defensive Player of the Year and Most Valuable Player during his career Only player in NBA history to lead the league in scoring, rebounding, and blocked shots and win awards for Rookie of the Year, Defensive Player of the Year and Most Valuable Player during his career Only player in NBA history to rank among top five players in the league in rebounding, blocks and steals in the same", "\"History of Tottenham Hotspur F.C.\"\nthe Cup Final was scored by Jimmy Greaves, who was signed in December 1961 for £99,999 (so as not to be the first £100,000 player). Greaves would become the top goal scorer for Tottenham with 220 league goals, as well as the most prolific scorer ever in the top tier of English football. In the 1962–63 European Cup Winners' Cup, Spurs reached the final, beating along the way Rangers 8–4 on aggregate, Slovan Bratislava 6–2, and OFK Belgrade 5–2 aggregate. On 15 May 1963, in the Cup Winners' Cup Final against Atlético Madrid in Rotterdam, Spurs won 5–1, which included", "\"Mike Laughna\"\nMike Laughna Mike Laughna (born Frederick Michael Laughna) was a former basketball player for Georgetown University. Laughna, who attended Saint Benedict's Preparatory School in Newark, New Jersey, remains one of the top scorers in Georgetown history, ranked above NBA star Dikembe Mutombo. At the time of his graduation, Laughna held most of Georgetown's scoring records, but the advent of the three-point shot and the slam dunk made it possible for future players to accumulate points more rapidly. Laughna is a member of the Georgetown University Basketball Hall of Fame, and is ranked 15th on Georgetown's \"\"Top 100 Players\"\" list. He", "\"Dominique Wilkins\"\nBulls swept the Hawks in the first round of the playoffs 3–0. Wilkins showed no signs of fading in his 12th NBA season, even after a tumultuous midseason trade. After 11½ years with the Atlanta Hawks, Wilkins was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers on February 24 in exchange for Danny Manning. This is still the only time in NBA history a team in first place in their conference traded its leading scorer after the All-Star break. Prior to the trade Wilkins averaged 24.4 points, 6.2 rebounds, and 2.3 assists for Atlanta, leading the club to a 36-16 record. At", "\"Gerard King\"\nGerard King Gerard King (born ) is an American former professional basketball player. He was a member of the San Antonio Spurs and the Washington Wizards in the NBA. He played for the US national team in the 1998 FIBA World Championship, winning the bronze medal. King attended and played college basketball at Nicholls State University in Louisiana, and finished his career as the fourth leading scorer and sixth leading rebounder in school history. He was inducted into the Louisiana Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006. He was a member of the San Antonio Spurs' 1999 NBA championship team. Then", "\"Earl G. Graves Jr.\"\nEarl G. Graves Jr. Earl Gilbert \"\"Butch\"\" Graves Jr. (born January 5, 1962) is an American businessman and retired basketball player. Born in Brooklyn, New York, he is a Scarsdale High School graduate. Graves, the son of \"\"Black Enterprise\"\" founder Earl G. Graves Sr., attended Yale University and earned an MBA from Harvard University. While at Yale he was a member of Skull and Bones and captained the college basketball team. He currently is the all-time leading scorer in Yale men's basketball history and third all-time in Ivy League. He was drafted into the NBA by the Philadelphia 76ers and", "\"History of the Boston Celtics\"\nCeltics drafted a young forward from the UNC Charlotte named Cedric Maxwell. Maxwell did not contribute much in his rookie season, but he showed promise. Auerbach's job became even tougher following a horrible 1977–78 in which they went 32–50 as John Havlicek, the Celtics All-Time leading scorer, retired after 16 seasons. Thanks to a trade and their poor record in 1977–78, the Celtics owned two of the top eight picks in the 1978 NBA draft. Since the Celtics had two draft choices, Auerbach took a risk and selected junior Larry Bird of Indiana State with the 6th pick, knowing that", "\"Stephen Curry\"\nAs of April 2018, he ranks fourth in NBA history in career three-point field goal percentage and holds four of the top five seasons in terms of total three-pointers made. He is also the fastest player in league history to make 2,000 career three-pointers, doing so in 227 fewer games than the previous record-holder. A clutch scorer, he often shoots at his best in high-pressure moments, and takes game-winning shots. Curry is credited with revolutionizing the game of basketball by inspiring basketball teams, ranging from high school to the NBA, to regularly employ the three-point shot as part of their", "\"Jerald Honeycutt\"\nJerald Honeycutt Jerald DeWayne Honeycutt (born October 20, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player. Honeycutt played high school basketball at Grambling Lab in Grambling, Louisiana. He played collegiately at Tulane University, where he finished his career as the leading scorer and fifth leading rebounder in school history. He was inducted into the Louisiana Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006. He was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 2nd round (38th overall) of the 1997 NBA Draft. Honeycutt played 2 years in the NBA for the Bucks and the Philadelphia 76ers, averaging 5.1 ppg in his career. Honeycutt", "\"Gerard King\"\nhe played his two final NBA seasons (1999–2001) for the Washington Wizards. In 126 games, he averaged 4.5 points and 3.1 rebounds. Gerard King Gerard King (born ) is an American former professional basketball player. He was a member of the San Antonio Spurs and the Washington Wizards in the NBA. He played for the US national team in the 1998 FIBA World Championship, winning the bronze medal. King attended and played college basketball at Nicholls State University in Louisiana, and finished his career as the fourth leading scorer and sixth leading rebounder in school history. He was inducted into", "\"Dwyane Wade\"\nleading scorer in a triple overtime classic against the Utah Jazz. Wade finished with 50 points, 10 rebounds, 9 assists, 4 steals, and 2 blocks in a 140–129 win. During the season, Wade became the first player in NBA history to accumulate at least 2,000 points, 500 assists, 100 steals, and 100 blocks in a season and is the first player of or shorter to register at least 100 blocks in a season. Wade also became just the fifth player in NBA history to reach 2,000 points, 500 assists, and 150 steals in a season. After a 97–92 win against", "\"Tony Dumas\"\nTony Dumas Tony Dumas (born August 25, 1972) is an American retired professional basketball player. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Dumas played collegiately at the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC). He was the all-time leading scorer in UMKC history upon the completion of his career, with 2,459 career points. His senior season, he finished seventh in the NCAA in scoring at 27.0 points per game. He is also the only player in UMKC history to be drafted into the NBA. Dumas was selected by the Dallas Mavericks in the 1st round (19th overall) of the 1994 NBA Draft. He played four", "\"1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game\"\nto McClain, who had gone to the floor, and McClain kept possession until time expired and the Wildcats won the game and the Division I national championship, 66–64. The top scorer in the game was McClain, who had 17 points; just behind him on the Wildcats was Pinckney, who had a 16-point performance. Jensen had a perfect shooting night, going 5-for-5 and finishing with 14 points. The Hoyas' leading scorer was Wingate, who posted 17 points. Ewing had 14 points in the game, but was both out-scored and outrebounded by the Wildcats' Pinckney; he had five rebounds, one fewer than", "\"History of the Miami Heat\"\nBoston. Fueled by a late-season steamroll, the Heat finished with a 58–24 record, third best in team history putting them up to the second seed, behind the top-seeded, 62-win Bulls, led by MVP Derrick Rose. In the much anticipated 2011 NBA Playoffs, Miami defeated the Philadelphia 76ers in the first round, Boston Celtics in the Conference Semifinals, and Bulls in the Conference Finals, all in 5 games. The Heat reached the 2011 NBA Finals for the first time since 2006, in a rematch against the Dallas Mavericks. After taking a 2-1 series lead,the Heat collapsed, as they would lose the", "\"Adelaide Rams\"\nKurt Wrigley was the Rams top point scorer for the season with 81 points from 5 tries, 30 goals and 1 field goal. Wrigley, and former South Sydney Rabbitohs and St George Dragons fullback Rod Maybon, were the teams top try scorers with 5 each. Super League's top point scorer for the season was Penrith Panthers centre Ryan Girdler who scored 197 points from 11 tries, 76 goals and 1 field goal while the competitions top try scorer was Canterbury Bulldogs utility back Matthew Ryan who crossed for 17 tries. Following the unification of the Super League and ARL competitions", "\"Gail Goodrich\"\nGail Goodrich Gail Charles Goodrich Jr. (born April 23, 1943) is an American retired professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is best known for scoring a then record 42 points for UCLA in the 1965 NCAA championship game vs. Michigan, and his part in the Los Angeles Lakers' 1971–72 season. During that season the team won a still-record 33 consecutive games, posted what was at the time the best regular season record in NBA history, and also won the franchise's first NBA championship since relocating to Los Angeles. Goodrich was the leading scorer on that team.", "\"Victor Page\"\nIn 1996–97, Page led the Big East in scoring. After his sophomore season, Page entered the 1997 NBA Draft but was undrafted. Page went 11th in the CBA draft; he briefly ascended to the NBA in September 1997 for the Minnesota Timberwolves' training camp roster, but was cut before the start of the season, and never played a regular-season game in the NBA. He returned to the CBA to play for the Sioux Falls Skyforce. Page remains one of the greatest players in Skyforce history; he left the team in 2001 as its all-time leading scorer (since passed). His jersey,", "\"2015 NBA Finals\"\nJames led all scorers with 40 to go along with 12 rebounds, 8 assists, and 4 steals. Through 3 games, James scored 123 points, the most points scored by any player in the first three games of any NBA Finals series, surpassing Rick Barry's 122 from the 1967 NBA Finals. Dellavedova scored 20, a playoff career high. Curry led the Warriors with 27 points, 17 of which came in the fourth quarter. This win marks the first time that the Cavaliers held a lead in a Finals series in their franchise history, as well as their first home win in", "\"2017–18 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team\"\nhad the third best recruiting class in 2018. In April, 2017, most early pollsters included Michigan State in the preseason top 25 for the 2017–18 season. These included ESPN (No. 12), \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" (No. 8), Yahoo! Sports (No. 11), \"\"USA Today\"\" (No. 16), NBC Sports (No. 3), CBS Sports (No. 3), \"\"Sporting News\"\" (No. 5) and Bleacher Report (No. 12). Most of the projections assumed Miles Bridges would not return to East Lansing for his sophomore season. \"\"USA Today\"\" noted that \"\"leading scorer Miles Bridges is NBA-bound.\"\" The \"\"Sporting News\"\" summarized: \"\"Bridges hasn’t announced his decision yet, but Spartans fans", "\"History of the Oklahoma City Thunder\"\nBeverley, and fell down with an injury and missed the rest of the playoffs after having knee surgery. Without the team's second-leading scorer, the Thunder, who had a 3–0 lead, lost the next two games to bring the series to 3–2. In game 6, the Thunder defeated the Rockets to advance to the second round, facing a rematch of the 2011 second round, with the Memphis Grizzlies. The Thunder lost the series 4–1, losing four straight games after winning Game 1 at home. In the 2013 NBA draft, the Thunder selected 12th pick Steven Adams, traded for the 26th pick", "\"Danny Manning\"\nall-time leading scorer in Kansas basketball history with 2,951 points; the closest player to his point total, Nick Collison, is 854 points behind. Manning is the son of the late Ed Manning, who was a longtime NBA and ABA player and professional and college coach. As a junior at Page High School in Greensboro, North Carolina, Manning averaged 18.8 points and nine rebounds per game, leading the Pirates to a 26–0 record and the state title. When Ed Manning became an assistant coach at the University of Kansas prior to Manning's senior year, the family moved to Lawrence, Kansas and", "\"Atilio García\"\nAtilio García Atilio Ceferino García Pérez (Junin, Argentina, August 26 1914 - Montevideo, Uruguay, December 12 1973) was an Argentinian born Uruguayan naturalized footballer who played as a forward. He is the top goal scorer in the history of Uruguayan football with 465 goals scored in official tournaments and the second highest goal scorer in the history of the Uruguayan Football Championship with 208 goals scored in 210 matches, which also converted him in to the top goal scorer of the Uruguayan Championship playing for the same club. He is also the top scorer in the history of the \"\"clasicos\"\"", "\"Kareem Abdul-Jabbar\"\nMilwaukee. After leading the Bucks to its first NBA championship at age 24 in 1971, he took the Muslim name Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Using his trademark \"\"skyhook\"\" shot, he established himself as one of the league's top scorers. In 1975, he was traded to the Lakers, with whom he played the last 14 seasons of his career and won five additional NBA championships. Abdul-Jabbar's contributions were a key component in the \"\"Showtime\"\" era of Lakers basketball. Over his 20-year NBA career, his team succeeded in making the playoffs 18 times and past the first round in 14 of them; his team", "\"Dan Issel\"\nTom Owens and cash. With Claws folding before the season's start, Issel was subsequently traded to the Denver Nuggets for Dave Robisch and cash. Issel remained with the Nuggets following the ABA–NBA merger in June 1976, and represented Denver in the 1977 NBA All-Star Game. He remained productive, topping 20 points per game five of his remaining eight years. Retiring following the 1984–1985 season, he received the NBA's J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award in 1985 for his outstanding service to the community. Wearing number 44, Issel is the Nuggets' second all-time leading scorer. He accumulated over 27,000 points in his", "\"Paul Pierce\"\nHe was selected First Team All-Big 12 Conference by both the AP and Coaches, and was named Associated Press First Team All-American and a finalist for the 1998 John Wooden and Naismith awards. He scored 777 points as a junior—the fifth-most single-season point total in Jayhawks history. He ranks as the fifth-leading scorer in Kansas history (1,786 points) and 11th on the all-time rebounds list (676). Pierce left the University of Kansas following his junior season and entered the 1998 NBA draft. Pierce was selected with the 10th overall pick in 1998 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics, a team", "\"Kevin Martin (basketball, born 1983)\"\n28, 2007, the Sacramento Kings and Martin agreed to a 5-year, $55 million deal. Martin got off to a fast start to the NBA season, while in the first 15 games was the NBA's leading scorer with 29.6 PPG. Martin finished the season 6th in the NBA in scoring at 23.7 PPG, 4.5 RPG, 2.1 APG and averaging 45% from the court and 40% from three point range. However, he missed 17 games due to a groin injury. Also during the year, on March 7, 2008, Martin scored 48 points in a loss against the Minnesota Timberwolves. Martin became the", "\"Carlos Ruiz (Guatemalan footballer)\"\nqualification in their opening match against Bermuda. On September 6, 2016, Ruiz scored 5 goals against Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in his final farewell match for Guatemala giving him a total of 39 goals in 47 qualifying games, which makes him the highest goalscorer of all-time in FIFA World Cup qualification history. Ruiz is the most prolific goal-scorer in the history of the Guatemalan National Team with 68 goals in 132 matches. Ruiz is currently the 11th all-time leading goal scorer in MLS history. He is also the All-Time Leading Goal Scorer in MLS Playoff history with 16 goals", "\"2011–12 Boston Celtics season\"\nits clubs to sign foreign free agents who could play for at least the entire season. 2011–12 Boston Celtics season The 2011–12 Boston Celtics season was the 66th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Boston Celtics finished the regular season with a 39–27 won-loss record, which was the 4th best in the East, winning their 21st Atlantic Division title. Their longest winning and losing streaks were 5 games. The leading scorer was Paul Pierce, averaging 19.4 PPG. The leading rebounder was Kevin Garnett (8.2 RPG). Rajon Rondo led the team and the league in assists", "\"Mick Cronin (basketball)\"\nthe all-time leading scorer in New York state high school basketball history who has had NBA stints with Memphis Grizzlies, Indiana Pacers, Charlotte Hornets, New Orleans Pelicans, Minnesota Timberwolves, and Los Angeles Lakers During his one season at Cincinnati, Stephenson was named the Big East Rookie of the Year. Cronin is also the only UC coach to ever lead the Bearcats to a win over a higher seed in the NCAA Tournament, when 6th-seeded Cincinnati defeated 3rd-seeded Florida State in 2012. In 2011, the University of Cincinnati board of trustees approved a contract extension for Cronin through 2017 with an", "\"Paul Westphal\"\nHe had been injured and only played in 59 of the 82 games of his final season. In his career Westphal scored a total of 12,809 NBA points for an average of 15.1 points per game, with 3,591 assists for an average of 4.4 assists per game. He also had 1,580 rebounds, for an average of 1.9 per game. He was a 5-time All-Star and 3 times an All-NBA selection and one time a second team All-NBA selection. He is Phoenix's fifth all-time leading scorer (9,564), averaging 20.6 points (1975–80, 1983–84) and a member of Phoenix's Ring of Honor. Westphal's", "\"2005 NBA Finals\"\nMcDyess. In 22 minutes, Hunter scored 17 and dished 5 assists; McDyess scored 13 and grabbed 7 rebounds in just 19 minutes. Conversely, only three Spurs scored in double figures (Ginobili, Duncan, Parker), and among all Spurs attempting five or more field goals, only Tony Parker (6-13, 46.2% shooting) managed to surpass the 45% mark. Collectively, the Spurs shot 37% and committed 17 turnovers to the Pistons' NBA Finals-record four. Hunter's and Billups' 17 points were the fewest to lead an NBA Finals game since George Yardley of the Fort Wayne Pistons led all scorers with 16 points in the", "\"2008–09 Champions Hockey League\"\nDubé with 5 goals (and 0 assists). Salavat Yulaev was the first team of the 2008–09 Champions Hockey League to qualify for the semi-finals after winning their first three games. The top scorer in group C was Ufa's Alexander Radulov with 1 goal and 4 assists. The winner of group D was not decided until the final game in Prague between Slavia and the ZSC Lions. In front of 8,137 spectators, the Lions won the game 5–1 after scoring 4 goals in the last period. The group's top scorer (and the leading scorer after all group stage games) was Adrian", "\"1988 NBA All-Star Game\"\nwould become the all-time leading scorer in NBA All-Star Game history, a distinction he held for 15 years. The Eastern Conference was coached by Mike Fratello of the Atlanta Hawks, and the Western Conference by Pat Riley of the Lakers. The game was telecast by CBS Sports, with Dick Stockton and Billy Cunningham commentating, and Pat O'Brien and Lesley Visser reporting from the sidelines. On radio, ABC Radio broadcast their fourth consecutive All-Star game, with Lakers announcer Chick Hearn working alongside Celtics announcer Johnny Most, and the two trading roles on play-by-play and color analysis. ABC's regular NBA announcer Fred", "\"2017 NBA Finals\"\nhigh 39 points in the 4-1 series defeat of James' Cavaliers while being honored as the 2017 Finals MVP. Stephen Curry added 34 points, 10 assists and six rebounds alongside Draymond Green's 12 big rebounds. Andre Iguodala, the 2015 Finals MVP, showed up big off the bench with 20 points. LeBron James finished with 41 points, 13 rebounds and eight assists and became the first player in NBA history to average a triple-double in the NBA Finals, in his eighth appearance. Kyrie Irving was the Cavaliers second leading scorer with 26 points on 9 of 22 from the field. However,", "\"ABA–NBA merger\"\nthe ABA were Julius Erving, Caldwell Jones, George McGinnis, Dave Twardzik and Maurice Lucas. Of the 84 players in the ABA at the time of the merger, 63 played in the NBA during the 1976–77 season. In that first post-merger season, four of the NBA's top ten scorers had come over from the ABA (Billy Knight, David Thompson, Dan Issel and George Gervin). Don Buse, who joined the NBA with the Pacers, led the NBA in both steals and assists during that first post-merger season. The Spirits of St. Louis' Moses Malone finished third in rebounding; the Kentucky Colonels' Artis", "\"1963–64 Boston Celtics season\"\nscore, it was their defensive emergence, led by the incredible Russell, that was now leading a streak of NBA titles. Russell led the league in rebounds and was one of two high-volume shot blockers dominating the NBA. The Celtics had six scorers over ten-points per game and two more over eight. Auerbach's sixth man, John Havlicek, was the team's leading scorer at 20 per game. This combination of active defense and unselfish shooting got Boston a league-high 59 wins in 80 NBA games. The Celtics had a division semifinal bye. (1) Boston Celtics vs. (2) Cincinnati Royals: \"\"Celtics win series", "\"Gabe Rogers\"\nGabe Rogers Gabriel Antony Rogers (born 19 May 1990) is an American professional basketball player, who currently plays for the CB Peixefresco of the Spanish Basketball League LEB Gold. Rogers played for Northern Arizona University where he went on to lead the Big Sky Conference in scoring his senior year. He was drafted in the NBA D-League in 2012. Rogers started to play professionally overseas in 2014 with Marín Peixefresco in the Spanish LEB Plata. He promoted with the Galician team to LEB Oro on March 2016, finishing the league as the top scorer of the season and as a", "\"José Cardona\"\nhistory. He made his debut on September 13, 1959 against Real Oviedo, and stayed for 5 seasons, playing 89 games and scoring 24 goals in first division. In the season 1959, Cardona was the top scorer in Spanish second division with 22 goals (the same number of goals made by first division top scorer Alfredo Di Stéfano that season). In 1964 he transferred to Atlético Madrid, who that season came second in the league championship and won the Copa del Generalísimo (now known as \"\"La Copa del Rey\"\"). Cardona scoring the winning goal in the final against Real Zaragoza. The", "\"History of the New York Knicks\"\nfinished with a 36–30 record. Though they placed third in their division, they secured a playoff spot and began the first of three consecutive trips to the NBA Finals. In spite of their success, the Knicks could not overcome the Rochester Royals despite a valiant comeback after losing the first three games of the Finals. The next two years, in 1952 and 1953, New York fell to the Minneapolis Lakers in the Finals. It was during this early period, the Knicks developed their first standout players in Carl Braun who retired as the Knicks leading scorer with 10,449 points before", "\"1984 NBA draft\"\nand later in Brazil. He played in five Olympics and was the top scorer in three of them. He finished his career with 49,703 points with various clubs and the Brazilian national team, more than the NBA's career scoring leader, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, who scored 38,387 points in his NBA career. In 2010, International Basketball Federation (FIBA) honored Schmidt with an induction to the FIBA Hall of Fame, and Schmidt was inducted by the Naismith Hall in 2013. University of Houston track and field Olympic Champion Carl Lewis, who had never played college basketball, was drafted by the Chicago Bulls with", "\"1980–81 Rugby Football League season\"\ncaptained by Mark Graham. Dane O'Hara, who would join Hull F.C. following the tour was the leading try scorer with 6. Scrum half Gordon Smith (who would join Hull Kingston Rovers in 1982) was the tours leading point scorer with 33 from 1 try and 15 goals. 1980–81 Rugby Football League season The 1980–81 Rugby Football League season was the 86th season of professional rugby league football in Britain. Sixteen teams competed from August 1980 until May 1981 for the Slalom Lager Championship. For the only time in their history, Wigan competed outside the top flight of Rugby League in", "\"Lafayette Leopards\"\nresponsible for recruiting the best player in Lafayette history, Tracy Tripucka. Tracy went on to score 1,973 points, the most in Lafayette history, while leading the Leopards to its first postseason victory. In the 1972 NIT, Jay Mottola sunk a free throw with three seconds left to upset the University of Virginia. Lafayette was eliminated in the next round by Jacksonville University. Aside from being the all-time leading scorer, Tracy was profiled in a Sports Illustrated article. Following the season, he was selected in the 1972 NBA Draft by the New York Knicks. The 1972 squad was coached by Tom", "\"Billy Knight\"\n1st team ABA All-Star for the 1975–1976 season, his second year in the league after averaging 28.1 ppg. This was the last year of the ABA before the Indiana Pacers merged into the NBA. The following year Knight maintained All-Star status, this time in the NBA after averaging 26.6 ppg — second best in the league that season. After a brief stint with the Buffalo Braves & Boston Celtics, Knight returned to the Pacers in 1978, where he continued his career with them until 1983. Knight is the Indiana Pacers 3rd all-time leading scorer and is in several other Top", "\"Kyle Singler\"\nhelping lead Duke to a 28–6 record. Singler put to rest any speculation that he might enter the 2008 NBA draft, saying: I didn’t give the NBA any thought, I know I’m not ready. I need to mature both physically and mentally. I want to get stronger and quicker, and I want to work on learning how to play the game. I’m at a great place for that. In January 2009 he had a career-high 16 rebounds against Georgetown, a game in which Duke won 76-67. Singler ended the 2009 season as the top scorer for Duke. At the end", "\"Orlando Magic\"\ngames for the Magic. Near the end of the season, with a playoff-push faltering, Weisbrod fired Davis after leading Davis to believe he was going to be the team's head coach for the entire 2004–05 NBA season. He then promoted Chris Jent to interim head coach. Throughout the season, bolstered by Hill's return, the Magic played spectacularly, defeating top NBA teams. However, led by the erratic play of Francis, the Magic also lost to league teams with losing records. Howard showed great promise, becoming one of the few players to average a double-double. Howard was a consistent rebounder and scorer,", "\"History of the Los Angeles Lakers\"\ntop 10 scorers for the next four years. Baylor was called to active military duty during the 1961–62 season following the Berlin crisis and was only available on weekends. Nevertheless, Baylor and West went on to average 38.3 and 30.8 points per game respectively during the regular season. The Lakers were able to pull together and make the NBA Finals, only to lose in heartbreaking fashion to a now-dominant Celtics team. Baylor set a record for most points scored in a playoff game with 61, which stood for 25 years and is still an NBA Finals and regulation game record.", "\"2018 Bill Beaumont Cup\"\nChris Johnson who also finished as the competitions top points scorer, while a try from his team-mate, Anthony Bingham, made him the top try scorer with 5 tries. It was the 25th cup win for a Lancashire side that has dominated the competition through its history. Relegated sides from the 2018 competition included Northumberland from the north and Surrey from the south. In Surrey's case they had actually looked safe, having finished a point clear of relegation rivals, Devon, but ultimately went down due to a 2 points deduction for fielding an ineligible player in their 15-15 draw with Cornwall", "\"Knicks–Nuggets brawl\"\nwas trying to humiliate Thomas due to the perception that Thomas had mistreated Larry Brown, a friend of Karl's. Karl was also blamed for putting his players in a position to start a fight. The day following the brawl, Anthony issued a statement and apology to his family, the league, and fans. He also specifically apologized to Mardy Collins, whom he directly struck during the incident. At the time of the brawl, Anthony was the league's leading scorer; his suspension was also the longest of the players suspended, and the sixth-longest in NBA history. According to former NBA player Steve", "\"Mark Jones (basketball, born 1961)\"\nAssociation first team and the following year he made the second team, with the conference newly renamed the Atlantic 10 Conference. Jones is currently the ninth leading scorer in St. Bonaventure history. Jones was drafted by the New York Knicks as the 82nd overall pick in the 4th round of the 1983 NBA Draft. He was cut from the final roster shortly before the start of the season. Weeks later he signed with the New Jersey Nets, with whom he scored 7 points in six games in the NBA. Jones played the rest of the season in the Continental Basketball", "\"2002–03 Cleveland Cavaliers season\"\nfor the worst record in the NBA along with the Denver Nuggets. It was also the team's worst record since the 1981–82 season. Ricky Davis was the team's leading scorer averaging a career high of 20.6 points per game, center Zydrunas Ilgauskas was selected for the 2003 NBA All-Star Game, and second round draft pick Carlos Boozer made the All-Rookie Second Team. Bold = All-Star selection Record: 1–1; Home: 0–0; Road: 1–1 Record: 1–15; Home: 1–6; Road: 0–9 Record: 4–11; Home: 4–6; Road: 0–5 Record: 3–11; Home: 1–3; Road: 2–8 Record: 2–9; Home: 2–5; Road: 0–4 Record: 3–12; Home: 3–5;", "\"Gabe Rogers\"\nmember of the All-LEB Plata Team. Gabe Rogers Gabriel Antony Rogers (born 19 May 1990) is an American professional basketball player, who currently plays for the CB Peixefresco of the Spanish Basketball League LEB Gold. Rogers played for Northern Arizona University where he went on to lead the Big Sky Conference in scoring his senior year. He was drafted in the NBA D-League in 2012. Rogers started to play professionally overseas in 2014 with Marín Peixefresco in the Spanish LEB Plata. He promoted with the Galician team to LEB Oro on March 2016, finishing the league as the top scorer", "\"Mike Hercus\"\nMike Hercus Mike Hercus (born June 5, 1979) is an American retired rugby union player who played at fly-half for the United States national team and several top level professional clubs around the globe. Hercus is the USA Eagles' all-time leading scorer with 465 points, and is the leading scorer for the U.S. in Rugby World Cups with 77 points. He is currently 20th all-time on the international scoring list, an accomplishment considering the limited international schedule the USA plays when compared to major rugby playing nations. At the time of his final match, Hercus was the Eagles' all-time most", "\"2012 NBA Finals\"\nan NBA Finals record for most 3-pointers in a game with 14. With three minutes remaining in the game, both teams took their starters out of the game, with the Heat still leading by more than 20 points. With their Game 5 win, the Heat won their second NBA championship in team history, and the first for several Heat players, including James, who was named the NBA Finals MVP after averaging 28.6 points, 10.2 rebounds and 7.4 assists in the finals, capping it all off with his first triple double of the season in the final game. For the Thunder,", "\"Iona Gaels\"\nof Iona men's basketball. Cluess is a graduate of Hofstra University and formerly the head coach of the C.W. Post men's basketball team. He has won 20 games and a postseason berth in each of his first four seasons as the head coach of Iona, the first coach in the history of the program to accomplish the feat. As of December 11, 2014, Cluess is No. 4 on Iona's all-time wins list. Gaels who have played in the NBA: Steve Burtt Sr. is Iona's all-time leading scorer with 2,534 career points. The Gaels have been competing in NCAA women's basketball" ]

[ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "Lauren Taft" ]

[ "\"Shut Up and Dance: Mixes\"\nShut Up and Dance: Mixes Shut Up and Dance (The Dance Mixes) is a Paula Abdul remix album, released in 1990. It contains dance remixes of the six hit singles from Abdul's debut album \"\"Forever Your Girl\"\", one remixed album track and one medley. The album was another huge success for Abdul, peaking at #7 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. Following Abdul's continued UK singles success throughout 1990, \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" was re-released there late in the same year, featuring an additional four tracks. There were two singles and accompanying music videos released from the project—the \"\"1990 Medley Mix\"\" and", "\"Shut Up and Dance: Mixes\"\n\"\"Straight Up (Ultimix mix)\"\". Shut Up and Dance: Mixes Shut Up and Dance (The Dance Mixes) is a Paula Abdul remix album, released in 1990. It contains dance remixes of the six hit singles from Abdul's debut album \"\"Forever Your Girl\"\", one remixed album track and one medley. The album was another huge success for Abdul, peaking at #7 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. Following Abdul's continued UK singles success throughout 1990, \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" was re-released there late in the same year, featuring an additional four tracks. There were two singles and accompanying music videos released from the project—the", "\"Run Devil Run (Girls' Generation song)\"\nthe video ends similar to a TV shutting off. The story version is similar to the original version, with the two rooms where the girls are dancing, and there individual close-ups in their Black SoShi looks, but the overall video is different, with a tie-in with the video of the group's song \"\"Oh!\"\". In the beginning of the video, it shows the mishandled helmet spill a cup, which damages a computer monitor, causing the Black SoShi to emerge from the monitor and into the girls' room and begin making a mess of it. Soon, the girls meet the Black SoShi,", "\"Shut Me Up\"\n\"\"Invader Zim\"\" as well as the comics \"\"Johnny the Homicidal Maniac\"\", \"\"Squee!\"\", and \"\"I Feel Sick\"\". The video also features clips from \"\"Reefer Madness\"\" and a shot of Vasquez's hand-puppet. Shut Me Up \"\"Shut Me Up\"\" is a single by Mindless Self Indulgence, released on September 12, 2006. It is the first track on their third studio album, \"\"You'll Rebel to Anything\"\". \"\"Shut Me Up\"\" peaked at number 7 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Singles Sales chart and number 1 on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. The video for \"\"Shut Me Up\"\" features Joshua Burian-Mohr as a store clerk who", "\"Gentleman (Psy song)\"\nthe \"\"arrogant dance\"\" from the song \"\"Abracadabra\"\" by South Korean girl group Brown Eyed Girls. Lee Joo Sun, Psy's choreographer who came up with the 'horse-riding' dance for \"\"Gangnam Style,\"\" had said, \"\"We have a great dance. We thought up 50 different dances, everything from a sports dance to an animal dance, but we finally decided that [Brown Eyed Girls'] dance fits the song best.\"\" The music video also features an appearance by the girl group member Ga-In. Psy reportedly paid a royalty to Brown Eyed Girls' choreographers in order to use the routine in the video. Another dance move", "\"Shut Up and Drive\"\n25, 2007, on the iTunes Store in the US. It begins with Rihanna driving a Ferarri to a junkyard. As she enters the junkyard, the song begins. Many girls are repairing broken cars and Rihanna joins them while singing the song. Other scenes, showing Rihanna dancing on a car, are intercut. As the video progresses, Rihanna and the girls get out from the junkyard and go to a race stage. Then, she sings the song's lyrics to the drivers. Later, she becomes a car race starter and on her sign, both drivers begin their race. Scenes of Rihanna climbing on", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)\"\nTour on July 24 in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Walk the Moon performed the song at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards pre-show on August 30, 2015, where the band had played on a circular, multicolored stage prior to the show's start. The band also performed the song at the 2016 NBA All-Star Game on February 13, 2016 in Toronto, Canada. The music video, a 1980s club-themed movie-style music video, was released on YouTube on October 23, 2014. It stars professional dancer Lauren Taft alongside Petricca. Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"\"Talking Is Hard\"\". Locations Personnel Shut Up and Dance", "\"Craig Kaplan\"\nRunyan’s Score for the Cure, and the Jimmy Rollins Family Foundation’s events One Night in Harlem, Havana Nights and A Night in Paris. Kaplan secured corporate sponsors from 2009-2012 for MANNA’s event, “Shut Up and Dance.” Kaplan also produced a promotional video for MANNA’s 20th anniversary “Shut Up and Dance,” as well as a promotional video about the benefits of MANNA. Kaplan produced the 2012 Philabundance Public Service Announcement TV-spot, “Hunger Doesn’t Take a Vacation.” Kaplan secured Hunter Pence as the Philabundance spokesperson and Liscio’s Bakery as their corporate sponsor; Kaplan went on to use Pence in a billboard campaign", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Black Mirror)\"\nShut Up and Dance (Black Mirror) \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" is the third episode of the third series of British science fiction anthology series \"\"Black Mirror\"\". It was written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and William Bridges, and premiered on Netflix on 21 October 2016, together with the rest of series three. The episode tells the story of a teenage boy (Alex Lawther) who is blackmailed into committing bizarre and criminal acts by a mysterious hacker possessing a video of him masturbating. The boy is joined by a middle-aged man (Jerome Flynn), whom the same hacker is blackmailing", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Black Mirror)\"\nis perhaps a victim of its own anguished mood.\"\" Shut Up and Dance (Black Mirror) \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" is the third episode of the third series of British science fiction anthology series \"\"Black Mirror\"\". It was written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and William Bridges, and premiered on Netflix on 21 October 2016, together with the rest of series three. The episode tells the story of a teenage boy (Alex Lawther) who is blackmailed into committing bizarre and criminal acts by a mysterious hacker possessing a video of him masturbating. The boy is joined by a middle-aged", "\"Shut Up and Fish\"\nDolan of \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" compared its theme favorably to \"\"Girl in a Country Song\"\" in terms of reversing the roles usually held by young males and females in country music songs. The music video was directed by TK McKamy and premiered in December 2015. Taylor's brother, Mason Dye, stars in the video. Shut Up and Fish \"\"Shut Up and Fish\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music duo Maddie & Tae. It was released to radio on November 2, 2015, as the third single from their debut studio album, \"\"Start Here\"\". The song was written by the", "\"Just Dance (video game series)\"\nreplaced downloadable content. It features over 150 Just Dance hits, with new exclusive songs including \"\"Cheerleader (Felix Jaehn Remix)\"\" by OMI, \"\"Better When I'm Dancin\"\" by Meghan Trainor, \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" by Walk the Moon and many more. Just Dance (video game series) Just Dance is a rhythm game series developed and published by the French video game company Ubisoft. The series' title is derived from the Lady Gaga song of the same name. The original \"\"Just Dance\"\" game was released on the Wii in 2009 in North America, Europe, and Australia. \"\"Just Dance\"\" is a motion-based dancing game", "\"Into the New World (song)\"\nis subtitled \"\"From the New World.\"\" The music video features a small amount of dance scenes. The video starts with a plane landing, followed by a silhouette of the girls forming a line and then dancing. During this, text appears saying “Into the New World, Or Not.. It’s Up to Your Choice.. ”. Throughout the music video, it shows the girls doing activities, either alone or coupled with another member. The activities done by the girls are: There are two dance settings featured in the video. The first one is a room with a white background, and the second one", "\"Knocked Out\"\nwas from the \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" remix album. While this version was not issued as a single in the United States, it did receive significant airplay and just missed the American Top 40, peaking at #41. The original \"\"Knocked Out\"\" video was directed by Danny Kleinman. It showed Abdul and a large number of dancers working out dance routines on the dance floor. For the second release, a revamped video was made and released without Abdul actually in it. This video was plotted around a boxing match, while screen caps of Abdul's other videos were played in the background.", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Aerosmith song)\"\nrun\"\" and \"\"when you're splittin' hairs with Mr. Clean, it's like gettin' head from a guillotine, and the night has just begun.\"\" The chorus is a refrain of \"\"talk is cheap, shut up and dance; don't get deep, shut up and dance.\"\" Shut Up and Dance (Aerosmith song) \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith. Written by Steven Tyler, Joe Perry, Jack Blades, and Tommy Shaw, it first appeared on the band's 1993 album \"\"Get a Grip\"\". It is one of seven songs from that album to chart on any chart, reaching #24 on", "\"Shut Me Up\"\nShut Me Up \"\"Shut Me Up\"\" is a single by Mindless Self Indulgence, released on September 12, 2006. It is the first track on their third studio album, \"\"You'll Rebel to Anything\"\". \"\"Shut Me Up\"\" peaked at number 7 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Singles Sales chart and number 1 on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. The video for \"\"Shut Me Up\"\" features Joshua Burian-Mohr as a store clerk who goes insane before going into seizures and exploding, several days after going to a concert by the band. It was directed by Jhonen Vasquez, the creator of the TV show", "\"Shut Up and Drive\"\na navigate stair are shown. Near the end of the video, Rihanna dances and sings the song on a microphone together with her band, while wearing a black dress with white stars. Since its release, \"\"Shut Up and Drive\"\" has regularly been featured in Rihanna's live performances and tours. She performed the song for first time at the BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend on May 21, 2007, held in Preston, United Kingdom together with \"\"Umbrella\"\" and \"\"Breakin' Dishes\"\". Rihanna performed \"\"Shut Up and Drive\"\" at the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards held at The Palms in Las Vegas. For the", "\"Shut Up & Kiss Me\"\nperforming the song with his band, singing it to his girlfriend, played by Arielle Panta. The video then shows Mastin's friend texting people who later arrive at the amusement park. \"\"Australia's Next Top Model\"\"'s Jess Bush also makes a cameo appearance in the video. Mastin first performed \"\"Shut Up & Kiss Me\"\" during his concert at TSB Bank Arena in Wellington, New Zealand on 12 April 2012. On 20 April 2012, he performed the song during an instore appearance at Westfield Tuggerah. Mastin also performed \"\"Shut Up & Kiss Me\"\" on \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" (Australia) on 22 April 2012,", "\"Reanimation (Linkin Park album)\"\nMTV 2 made videos for each song of the album for its playback of the album on \"\"MTV:Playback\"\" which aired only a few times. These include \"\"Frgt/10\"\" (a girl doing graffiti the town while evading the police chopper) \"\"Opening\"\" (the girl from the video for \"\"Frgt/10\"\" going to bed), \"\"Pts.OF.Athrty\"\" (the US flag up to 1:05, then a motorcycle chase), \"\"[Chali]\"\" (the girl in bed and shots of her room), \"\"P5hng Me A*wy\"\" (a cannibal at work), \"\"Plc. 4 Mie Hæd\"\" (the girl singing to the song), \"\"X-Ecutioner Style\"\" (a cartoon boy walking around town, singing Chester's \"\"Shut Up\"\" parts),", "\"Turn Up the Music (Chris Brown song)\"\nby Brown. Andrew Martin of \"\"Prefix\"\" magazine praised Brown's \"\"killer dance moves\"\". Katie Hasty of HitFix gave the video a positive review, writing \"\"there is a serious series of sweeping dance shots that may impress the hating-est of haters\"\". Jacob Moore of \"\"Complex\"\" magazine noted that the dance party scenes is what \"\"you'd expect from a Breezy video\"\". Meena Rupani of DesiHits felt that the video took her \"\"into a whole different world\"\" that reminded her of the films \"\"Eyes Wide Shut\"\" (1999) and \"\"Men in Black\"\" (1997). Rupani also described it as \"\"extremely futuristic and looks like it belongs", "\"Shut Up and Drive\"\nit contains multiple references to cars and car parts including the '57 Cadillac. \"\"Shut Up and Drive\"\" was received with mixed reviews from music critics, who labeled its lyrics as fluffy and goofy. The song peaked at number 15 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart and at number one on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart. On the UK Singles Chart, it reached number five, becoming Rihanna's fifth top-five single. \"\"Shut Up and Drive\"\" peaked within the top 10 in nine other countries, including in Australia, Canada, Germany and Italy. Its accompanying music video was directed by Anthony", "\"Dear... (The Grace album)\"\nfigurines and come to life after a girl winds up the music box. Features Cliff Edge rapping in the video. The fourth music video \"\"Stand Up People\"\" features a music video featuring the women dancing and showcasing the group’s sexy choreography in their gold club mini skirts and then other scene with them in fashionable clothing performing the song. And as mentioned, the music videos featured on “Graceful4″ are bonus video tracks on this DVD. The first bonus music video \"\"One More Time OK?\"\" features the women showcasing their vocals and dance moves with a group of guys and girls", "\"Legal issues surrounding music sampling\"\nMemphis\"\" with some of the lyrical content changed and sung by Peter Bouncer. Shut Up and Dance hadn't sought clearance from Marc Cohn for the samples they used in \"\"Raving\"\" and Marc Cohn took legal action against Shut Up and Dance for breach of copyright. An out of court settlement was eventually reached between Shut Up and Dance and Cohn which saw \"\"Raving\"\" in its current form banned and the proceeds from the single given to charity. Shut Up and Dance were later commissioned to produce remixes for Cher's 1995 cover version of \"\"Walking In Memphis\"\" and were allowed by", "\"Some Girls (Dance with Women)\"\nSome Girls (Dance with Women) \"\"Some Girls (Dance with Women)\"\" is a song by American recording artist JC Chasez from his debut studio album, \"\"Schizophrenic\"\". It was released as the lead single from the album on November 2003 in the United States. In the United Kingdom, it was released as a double A-side single with \"\"Blowin' Me Up (With Her Love)\"\". Set in a trendy club and moonlit city streets, JC explains why some girls like to dance with women in order to get some attention. For the video, Chasez worked with director Martin Weisz, best known for Korn's \"\"Make", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Victoria Duffield album)\"\nShut Up and Dance (Victoria Duffield album) Shut Up and Dance is the debut studio album by Canadian singer Victoria Duffield, released by Warner Music Canada on August 21, 2012. The title track was released as the lead single from the album in July 2011 and peaked at number 12 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart, and was certified platinum in Canada in February 2012. Three additional singles were released from \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" after the album's release: \"\"Feel\"\", \"\"Break My Heart\"\"—which peaked at number 35 on the Canadian Hot 100 and was later certified gold—and \"\"They Don't Know", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Victoria Duffield album)\"\nAbout Us\"\", a collaboration with Cody Simpson. Shut Up and Dance (Victoria Duffield album) Shut Up and Dance is the debut studio album by Canadian singer Victoria Duffield, released by Warner Music Canada on August 21, 2012. The title track was released as the lead single from the album in July 2011 and peaked at number 12 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart, and was certified platinum in Canada in February 2012. Three additional singles were released from \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" after the album's release: \"\"Feel\"\", \"\"Break My Heart\"\"—which peaked at number 35 on the Canadian Hot 100 and", "\"Loud Tour\"\nend early. The show wasn't rescheduled. The show began with a short video introduction featuring Rihanna sitting on a throne wearing a black coat and a short red wig. The middle screen splits revealing Rihanna inside a purple ball wearing an electric blue dress. She begins singing \"\"Only Girl (In the World)\"\" surrounded by her dancers all wearing bright neon costumes. The next song, \"\"Disturbia\"\", follows with Rihanna taking off the blue dress and dancing around in a colorful daisy duke, leading into \"\"Shut Up and Drive\"\" where a car covered in graffiti is present in the middle of the", "\"Run Devil Run (Girls' Generation song)\"\nand after an encounter with them, Yuri pulls the plug from the monitor to its outlet, turning off the monitor and causing the Black SoShi to disappear. When the girls are cleaning up the room, one of them touches the monitor, and it shows the Black SoShi. On April 8, 2011, the teaser video for a Japanese version of \"\"Run Devil Run\"\" was released and the full video the following day. On April 25, 2011, a dance version was released. Lisette Bustamante provided choreography for the videos. The video is similar to the Korean version, except for altered dance moves", "\"Ugly Heart\"\nin the United States. Filming for the accompanying music video began on June 9, 2014. The video was directed by Chris Marrs Piliero and shot in downtown Los Angeles. The video opens with each of the girls being escorted from a tattoo parlour by male police officers. While they are getting booked at the police station, the girls begin dancing on the tables and in a cell. They are then taken into a line-up room, where they continue to dance. The focus then turns to a man on the other side of the glass, with tattoos spelling out \"\"ugly\"\" all", "\"Tell That Girl to Shut Up\"\nTell That Girl to Shut Up \"\"Tell That Girl to Shut Up\"\" is a song written by Holly Beth Vincent and originally recorded by her band, Holly and the Italians in 1979. A cover version by UK pop/rock band Transvision Vamp was released in 1988 as the second single from their debut album \"\"Pop Art\"\". In Australia, \"\"Tell That Girl to Shut Up\"\" was released in 1989 as the third single from the album, following the 1988 release of \"\"Revolution Baby\"\". The b-side of the Transvision Vamp single, \"\"God Save the Royalties\"\" is the \"\"Pop Art\"\" album track \"\"Psychosonic Cindy\"\",", "\"Tell That Girl to Shut Up\"\nremixed and in reverse (the title being a pun on saving royalty payments). 7\"\" vinyl 12\"\" vinyl CD single Tell That Girl to Shut Up \"\"Tell That Girl to Shut Up\"\" is a song written by Holly Beth Vincent and originally recorded by her band, Holly and the Italians in 1979. A cover version by UK pop/rock band Transvision Vamp was released in 1988 as the second single from their debut album \"\"Pop Art\"\". In Australia, \"\"Tell That Girl to Shut Up\"\" was released in 1989 as the third single from the album, following the 1988 release of \"\"Revolution Baby\"\".", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)\"\nas the Twenty One Pilots song \"\"Heathens\"\" now holds the record for longest amount of time at the number-one spot. \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" also entered the Canadian Hot 100 at position 99 on the week ending February 28, 2015. The song peaked at number four and remained in that position for seven consecutive weeks from May 30, 2015 to July 11, 2015. As of August 11, 2015, \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" has been certified triple platinum by Music Canada and has sold over 321,000 copies. \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" made its first chart appearance internationally in the Netherlands on", "\"Shut Up & Kiss Me\"\nat numbers two and one, respectively. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), and gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ). The accompanying music video features Mastin hanging out with friends in a warehouse which turns out to be an amusement park. Mastin performed \"\"Shut Up & Kiss Me\"\" on \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" and \"\"Sunrise\"\". \"\"Shut Up & Kiss Me\"\" was written and produced by Anthony Egizii and David Musumeci of DNA. Hayley Warner and Reece Mastin also co-wrote the song. The song's cover art was posted on Mastin's Facebook page on", "\"Swagger Right\"\nTanisha Scott and Shana choreographed the dances for the video, Dave Thomas dressed all involved in the videos shooting, hair styling was done by Kim Kimbell and Mayila was in charge of the group's make-up. Following its premiere, the song's video was added to the group's official website with a statement from the group: \"\"It's an instant-classic, making sure the torch has been passed from the classic girl groups of the 90's on to the new classic girl group.\"\" The video premiered October 7, 2010 on BET's \"\"106 & Park\"\". The video begins as the girls snap their fingers to", "\"Work (The Saturdays song)\"\nthe band spent out. The little girl hears the sound of the girls singing and dancing, and she walks up the stairs to see what the noise is, and spots the band singing and dancing. Work (The Saturdays song) \"\"Work\"\" is a song by English-Irish girl group The Saturdays from their debut studio album, \"\"Chasing Lights\"\" (2008). The song was written by Ina Wroldsen, Harry Sommerdahl and Kalle Engström. It was released on 29 June 2009 as the album's fifth and final single. An accompanying music video was filmed on 16 May 2009 at Shepperton Studios. The video features a", "\"Madonna videography\"\neighth studio album, \"\"Music\"\" (2000). Violence and vandalism were the themes of subsequent few releases, \"\"What It Feels Like for a Girl\"\" (2001), \"\"Die Another Day\"\" (2002) and \"\"American Life\"\" (2003), the latter being pulled from release due to the Iraq war of 2003. \"\"Hung Up\"\", lead single from \"\"Confessions on a Dance Floor\"\" (2005) was a tribute to John Travolta and his movies. Madonna's recent videos for \"\"Celebration\"\" (2009), \"\"Girl Gone Wild\"\" (2012), and \"\"Living for Love\"\" (2015) were received favorably for paying homage to her past videos and a return to her dance roots. Madonna's music videos are", "\"The Pin Up Girls\"\nzills & doumbek playing was added to the show. Also many other songs, some of which include Girl Candy, Boushie B*tch and Pretty Things were released. The Pin Up Girls have published three music videos. The Pin Up Girls The Pin Up Girls are a girl group and dance troupe, founded by New York City native Vixen Romeo in 2005, which began as a burlesque-style performance group based in Los Angeles. Performing at Hollywood's most notorious venues such as The Viper Room Key Club and Roxy the girls quickly gained local attention with their girl-on-girl themed, tribal fusion belly dance,", "\"Shut Up (Unnies song)\"\ngroup named Unnies and began working on a song produced by Park Jin-young. Hyo-rin had been a trainee at JYP Entertainment but was cut by the company, although she later debuted as a soloist and has released an album, it was a regret of hers that she had been unable to debut as a girl group member. Recording and choreography practice sessions for the song, later revealed to be titled \"\"Shut Up\"\", took place at JYP's headquarters and made up several episodes of the show. \"\"Shut Up\"\" was released on July 1, 2016. Its music video, which features guest appearances", "\"Bug a Boo\"\nis seen as the band leader. The remix then starts to play as the band, the cheerleaders, and even the players start to dance. The next shot shows the girls at a party salsa dancing with male partners while Wyclef raps. The video then finishes with the group back on the boulevard and fed up with hiding from the unwanted attention from the men in the car they give in and jump in the car and all drive off. The original music video is featured on the video compilation \"\"The Platinum's on the Wall\"\", whereas the video for the \"\"Refugee", "\"Can We Chill\"\nin Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and shows Ne-Yo in various locations such as a cave and on a beach. He flirts with girls throughout the video until he sees a girl he likes. He follows her into the cave which eventually becomes a nightclub, which is a real cave/ night club in Santo Domingo known as \"\"Club Los Tres Ojos\"\". He starts dancing with various girls but ends up dancing with the girl he likes. He leans in to kiss her but instead they keep dancing. Can We Chill \"\"Can We Chill\"\" is the third single from R&B and pop", "\"Marquese Scott\"\ncities and buildings. Marquese is the co-founder of the dance event in Atlanta, GA called \"\"Shut Up And Dance\"\" a dance gathering of top dancers in Atlanta and around the country. Madd Chadd (from the Step Up Movie Franchise) and other legendary dancers attended this last year's event. Scott has performed worldwide and shot videos in numerous countries such as Singapore, Germany, France, Japan, the UAE, Spain, and China. Scott also does collaborations with other dancers. He is currently represented by XcelTalent Agency out of Atlanta, Georgia (United States) where he resides with his girlfriend Liz Monreal whom he met", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)\"\nShut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song) \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" (stylized as \"\"SHUT UP + DANCE\"\") is a song by American rock band Walk the Moon for their second studio album \"\"Talking Is Hard\"\" (2014). It was written by the band members and songwriters Ben Berger and Ryan McMahon. The song is based on an experience lead singer Nicholas Petricca had at a Los Angeles nightclub. His girlfriend invited him to dance, inspiring the title. Petricca envisioned the song as an anthem for letting go of frustration and having fun. The song was digitally released as the lead", "\"Chloe Lukasiak\"\nsong \"\"Fool Me Once\"\". Solveig Romero's \"\"Turn It Up\"\" and Bianca Ryan's \"\"Alice\"\", as well as \"\"Wrapped Up For Christmas\"\" by Forever in Your Mind and a promotional dance video for JustForKix dancewear (titled \"\"Lovely\"\"). In 2016, Lukasiak appeared in AJ Lehrman's music video for his new single \"\"Tongue\"\", and an Ali J video for \"\"Piece By Piece,\"\" which was featured on CNN. Lukasiak began modeling for such fashion lines as Glitzy Girl and Sally Miller in 2012. After leaving \"\"Dance Moms\"\", she modeled for 90 Degrees by Reflex, Goodhyouman, Boy Meets Girl, and BCBG Max Azria (runway). In 2016,", "\"Spice World (video game)\"\nSpice World (video game) Spice World is a music video game starring English pop girl group the Spice Girls as animated characters. It was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment Europe for the PlayStation. With tracks like \"\"Wannabe\"\", \"\"Who Do You Think You Are\"\", \"\"Move Over\"\", \"\"Spice Up Your Life\"\" and \"\"Say You'll Be There\"\", each animated Spice Girl will offer a few comments as the player tours the game's stages, experiencing a DJ and dance instructor that speak in stereotypical fashions. There are eleven dance moves, each one a different combination of four buttons. The game also contains a dozen", "\"Eden xo\"\nSoon after arriving in Hollywood, Malakouti started an all-female band called Shut Up Stella, which signed with Epic Records in 2007. Shut Up Stella's music appeared in a variety of media between 2007–2008; \"\"Watch Me Rain\"\" was featured in MTV's \"\"\"\" and \"\"Welcome to My Party\"\" appeared in the 2008 films \"\"Girl, Positive\"\" and \"\"Baby Mama\"\". On March 27, 2008 Shut Up Stella was dropped by Epic and Malakouti decided to go solo. In 2008, Malakouti's songs \"\"Trash Me\"\" and \"\"Outsider\"\" appeared in episodes of MTV's \"\"The Hills\"\". The songs were also independently self-released as music videos and digital downloads.", "\"So Girls\"\nthe song \"\"A\"\", the \"\"belly dance\"\" or \"\"ab dance\"\" featured in the music video and choreography of the song was banned from broadcast and rated +19, due to being \"\"too sexually suggestive\"\". The girls slowly lift up their shirts to expose their stomach in the choreography. Despite the controversy, the song was released in Japan on September 14, 2011 as their Japanese debut single. So Girls The cover photo for the album (and the overall concept) was spring, with the girls being photographed in white dresses while standing in a field of flowers. The tracks on their album were referred", "\"Pole dance\"\nto the game, she is seen dancing on the pole. If you get a platinum award, you'll hear her say \"\"I should have been a pole dancer\"\". Pole dancing has been incorporated in the performances of some K-Pop Idols. Ga-In of the Brown Eyed Girls included a few shots of her pole dancing in the music video of her 2012 solo single 피어나 (Bloom). Girl group After School used pole dancing extensively as part of the dance routine for their 2013 song 첫사랑 (First Love). Rihanna's hit single from 2013 \"\"Pour it up\"\" featured Professional Pole Dancer Nicole 'The Pole'", "\"What'cha Gonna Do\"\non the Dutch Top 40 & No.34 in Sweden. \"\"What'cha Gonna Do\"\" also peaked at No.84 in Germany. The music video is very different from Eternal's previous videos. The video is set out in a desert at night, the desert appears to be on a different planet as the girls float around through parts of the video. Easther and Vernie are seen in numerous outfits throughout the song and they also take part in a dance routine. At the end of the video the girls fly up to camera and sing the last line of the song, \"\"Aint nowhere to", "TTYLXOX\nof \"\"Shake It Up\"\". The video was released on March 9, 2012. It was a mash-up video with \"\"Something to Dance For\"\" which the girls start off to request for each other's song and then Zendaya starts to sing and dance with her group of people, then \"\"TTYLXOX\"\" plays with Bella Thorne dancing and singing with her group, and then finally the songs mashes up with both Zendaya and Bella Thorne singing their songs and dancing together. The song debuted at number 98 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart and peaked number 97. TTYLXOX \"\"TTYLXOX (short for \"\"Talk to", "\"Rabbit Heart (Raise It Up)\"\n\"\"a twisted mid summer night's dream feel to it.\"\" The video premiered on YouTube on 14 May 2009. The video starts in a field with a piece of cloth being lifted from in front of Welch's face, before she begins spinning as two girls follow her. The girls then start to dance all around the field, you see a harp being played and then Welch joins in the dancing, doing the bunny hop. Welch sits at a table with six other people, including a man wearing a top hat, there are pig heads served on a plate. Welch and the", "\"If I Never Knew You\"\nreleased as a single and premiered on Radio Disney on April 2006. The music video was released on Disney Channel in 2006. It features the girls pulling up at a club in a limo wearing white, sparkly dresses and then entering the club to perform the song on stage surrounded by a crowd. Scenes of the girls out on the dance floor dancing with some gentlemen are inter-cut throughout the video. If I Never Knew You \"\"If I Never Knew You\"\" is a song by American recording artists Jon Secada and Shanice, from Disney's 1995 animated feature film, \"\"Pocahontas\"\". The", "\"Shut Up and Dance (band)\"\nShut Up and Dance (band) Shut Up and Dance are an English duo that fused hip hop, house and hardcore, and are best known for their single \"\"Raving I'm Raving\"\", which reached No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1992. The group was formed in 1988 in Stoke Newington, London, England, by Philip 'PJ' Johnson and Carl 'Smiley' Hyman. In 1990, they made the lower end of the UK chart with two singles, \"\"£20 To Get In\"\" and \"\"Lamborghini\"\", both released on their own record label, Shut Up and Dance Music. In 1992, they reached No. 43 with", "\"Neon (dancer)\"\noverlays on a dance instructor’s moving image tracking directions and shapes of movement trajectories. Neon founded Stratostream Entertainment - World Dance New York in 2003 to produce video dance instruction and fitness products for women with a focus on women's solo dance forms. Currently World Dance New York publishes dance instruction, creative movement, and women's lifestyle special interest video products in many diverse genres including belly dance, hip-hop dance, salsa, samba, Bollywood dance, Flamenco, burlesque, exotic dance & striptease, fire dance, stiletto dance (music video style), go-go dancing, hoop dance, capoeira, women’s self-defense, prenatal fitness, prenatal dance, modeling, pin-up girl/vintage", "\"Pretty Good Dance Moves\"\nUK downtempo group Zero 7 and the Brazilian Girls. Pretty Good Dance Moves has collaborated with Genevieve Schatz from Chicago band Company of Thieves, American comedian Kristen Schaal famously known from HBO series Flight of the Conchords in the making of the music video for the song \"\"Demons Dancing\"\" and America's Next Top Model runner up Shandy Sullivan in the making of the music video for \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\". The band is currently working on collaborations with members of Chicago indie rock group The Changes and Chicago electronic rock band Walter Meego. Pretty Good Dance Moves Pretty", "\"Now Is Early\"\nNow Is Early Now Is Early is the debut studio album by Scottish singer Nicolette, produced by English electronic duo Shut Up and Dance and released in 1992 by the duo's label, also titled Shut Up and Dance. The album follows several singles in the early 1990s by Nicolette and Shut Up & Dance, and features Nicolette's soulfully-sung torch songs in a stream-of-consciousness style set to Shut Up & Dance's breakbeat hardcore production. Largely ignored upon release, \"\"Now Is Early\"\" is now regarded as a \"\"lost classic\"\" and forerunner to jungle music. It was re-released in 1997 by Studio !K7.", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)\"\nsong in Poland. In Australia, \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" made its first appearance on the Australian Hitseekers chart at number eight on March 30, 2015. The song made its official debut on the Australian Singles Chart a week later at number 58 on April 6, 2015. On its second week, \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" rose to number 41 on April 13, 2015. On April 20, 2015, the song entered the top 20, moving up 24 positions to number 17. \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" leaped 12 positions to number five on April 27, 2015, its highest charted position in any region", "\"Shut Up and Drive\"\nGood Girl Gone Bad (2007–09), Last Girl on Earth (2010–11) and the Loud Tour (2011). The performances of the song on the Last Girl on Earth and the Loud Tour shows, featured a car present on the stage. In a review of one of the shows from the Loud Tour, Jonathan McCambridge from \"\"Belfast Telegraph\"\" commented about the performance, \"\"'During Shut Up And Drive', a car appeared from underneath the stage and a number of dancers then proceeded to pretend to batter the hell out of it for no obvious reason.\"\" \"\"Shut Up and Drive\"\" is featured on the soundtrack", "\"Stop Girl\"\nStop Girl Stop Girl is the 7th Mini Album by South Korean boy band U-KISS. The title track is \"\"Stop Girl\"\" and it is the first album without new member AJ who went on hiatus to Columbia University. The music video for \"\"Stop Girl\"\" was released September 19, 2012. On September 12, 2012 UKISS revealed the teaser for their new single \"\"Stop Girl\"\". It was followed up by the release of the music video on September 19. On September 23, they released the dance practice video for their lead single. \"\"Stop Girl\"\" will be the groups first comeback since their", "\"Wassup (group)\"\n\"\"Fire\"\". The video was made to celebrate the 2014 FIFA World Cup hosted in Brazil. The video featured the band playing football in Brazilian and South Korean jerseys. Wassup's \"\"Showtime\"\" EP entered the Gaon Korean album chart at number 55. On December 8, 2014, they released a music video for \"\"Shut Up U\"\". On January 26, 2015 the group released a video for \"\"Stupid Liar\"\". On December 25, 2015 the group released a Christmas special clip to the song 안아줘, from their EP, \"\"Showtime\"\". On November 27, 2015, Woojoo sprained her ankle while practicing dance moves causing the group's next", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Aerosmith song)\"\nShut Up and Dance (Aerosmith song) \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith. Written by Steven Tyler, Joe Perry, Jack Blades, and Tommy Shaw, it first appeared on the band's 1993 album \"\"Get a Grip\"\". It is one of seven songs from that album to chart on any chart, reaching #24 on the UK Singles Chart. It was performed in the 1993 movie \"\"Wayne's World 2\"\". This live version is included on the movie's soundtrack\"\".\"\" Some of the lyrics are double entendres, such as \"\"sex is like a gun: you aim, you shoot, you", "\"SexBomb Girls\"\nthe official dance music video for \"\"Kinikilig\"\" in 2016, sung by Hazel Faith as choreographed by Joy and daughter Jara Cancio. Jane Lumabi of the NewGen SexBomb Girls starred as the demoness in the official music video for \"\"Apoy\"\" in 2018, by rapper Abra. Guillermo Mendoza Memorial Scholarship Foundation, Inc. Awards: YouTube: SexBomb Girls The SexBomb Girls (also known as SexBomb Dancers and now SB NewGen) is an all-female sing and dance girl group in the Philippines. From mere background dancers, they evolved into multimedia stars, with successful careers in singing, acting, and dancing. The SexBomb Girls is hailed as", "\"I Do (Nina Girado song)\"\nMontreras II. The video features dance moves and non-basic choreography, making it the first Nina music video to feature such dance moves. The video is almost plotless. Throughout the video, Nina is seen coming out of a door wearing a violet dress. She dances to the chorus of the song, wearing red hooded jacket and jeans, and white sleeveless shirt and short black skirt with bling-blings, with back-up girls dancing behind her. By the end, Nina exits on the red door, where she entered in the beginning of the video. After the overflowing success of her certified Diamond cover album,", "\"What It Feels Like for a Girl\"\nevidence in [the video]\"\". \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\"s Nicholas Fonseca gave the video a rating of C and opined that \"\"\"\"Thelma and Louise\"\" it ain't. In fact, little girls can probably find more empowerment copying Britney Spears' provocative chair dance from her 'Stronger' video\"\". But he criticized MTV's decision to ban the clip when they aired much more violent videos on the channel. Eden Miller from \"\"PopMatters\"\" echoed this sentiment, adding that MTV aired videos such as Eminem's \"\"Stan\"\", in which the main character drives his car off a bridge with his pregnant girlfriend tied up in the trunk, or Robbie Williams'", "\"Dance Dance Dance (E-girls song)\"\ncritics, who commended the groups transition to dance music, and praised their vocal abilities. However, some did argue against the vocal performances and choices. Commercially, it experienced moderate success in Japan, peaking at number four on the Oricon Singles Chart and number three on the Japan Hot 100, published by \"\"Billboard\"\". In order to promote the single, E-girls performed in the accompanying music video, which was directed by Kanji Suto, and depicted the band in a casino-like set-up. Additionally, the girls sung and performed the track on several concert and shows. On January 27, 2015, E-girls management LDH–whom oversees their", "\"Vixen Romeo\"\nMTV network), on New Now Next Pop Lab. The Pin Up Girls' music video \"\"Girl Candy,\"\" filmed in N.Y. and L.A., was released in 2011. Vixen Romeo stars in Pretty Things, directed by Joe LaRue; a film noir style murder mystery music video which was released in June 2012. “Hailing from New York City, The Pin Up Girls’ founder, Julia, aka Vixen, is full of Big Apple attitude and moxie. Out and proud, this saucy, sexy vamp has mixed the glamour of old Hollywood and the glitz of modern-day Los Angeles to create the sexiest dyke dance troupe on the", "\"Dance for You\"\nvery sultry and intimate to a point—that point being the moment she unveils a line-up of back-up dancers.\"\" Similarly, a writer of the website Idolator commented, \"\"'Dance for You' doesn't compare to the spectacle of say, the 'Run the World (Girls)' clip, but it is effective. [...] It's a mostly private dance—until all those other ladies show up.\"\" The writer also called Beyoncé a femme fatale in the video. Likewise, Sarah Anne Hughes of \"\"The Washington Post\"\" wrote that Beyoncé \"\"goes full on femme fatale\"\" and concluded that the concept of the video \"\"is about as straightforward as can be\"\".", "Bootylicious\nfun\"\" and confidence in body image through the lyrics, yet the music video suggested much more with the group wearing lots of make-up, form-fitting clothes, performing sexually suggestive dancing, and the video featuring close-ups on several dancers' buttocks. The group later performed the song in front of Jackson for his 30th Anniversary concert, complete with their rendition of his dance moves. Before the premiere of the video on MTV's \"\"Making the Video\"\", the girls dedicated the video to Michael Jackson. The song popularized the portmanteau term 'bootylicious', a combination of the words booty and delicious, although the term had already", "\"Flawless (Beyoncé song)\"\nthe video with Les Twins and Chris Grant. \"\"We had done half the video, and we watched it, and Beyoncé knew that it needed a dance moment that would be iconic, that people could pick up on. And then we went back and reshot that part. Because after seeing the video, and after the song coming together, she was like, 'This needs a cool dance that anybody can do'\"\", said Beyoncé's creative director Todd Tourso. The video opens with original footage from \"\"Star Search\"\", with young Beyoncé and other members of Girl's Tyme being announced by McMahon. It transitions to", "\"I Do (Nina Girado song)\"\nto the song. She is then shown wearing a red hooded jacket and jeans. By the chorus, she starts dancing with back-up girls dancing behind her, while wearing white sleeveless shirt, short black skirt and bling-blings. She is then seen dancing with the same back up dancers, but only, she is now wearing the red hooded jacket. Halfway through the video, a man, wearing all-black, is seen freeing a green bird. The man portrays her love interest on the video. By the end, Nina exits on the red door, where she entered in the beginning of the video. On September", "\"Like a Girl in Love\"\nLike a Girl in Love \"\"Like a Girl in Love\"\" is the second single from Australian recording artist Elen Levon. It was released digitally on 2 March 2012. The song peaked at number 74 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and number 14 on the ARIA Dance Chart. The accompanying music video for \"\"Like a Girl in Love\"\" was shot in Cambodia, and premiered online on 8 February 2012. The video depicts Levon and her male love interest going on various adventures in Cambodia, with the occasional close-up of Levon wearing a dress and an updo lip-synching the song. Levon performed", "\"Pretty Girls (Britney Spears and Iggy Azalea song)\"\nreally embedded in being a dancer, and that's something she really wanted to do as well. So there's a lot of dancing in the video, but I wouldn’t say it's necessarily centered around that.\"\" When asked about the '80s-inspired visuals seen on the candids from the video shoot, she explained that it would have a narrative and stated that Britney wanted to do a video where she got to dress up and play a character. Azalea revealed she looked to actress Geena Davis when modeling her style, describing her as \"\"the ultimate '80s pin-up hot, cool type of girl\"\" that", "\"Rockstar (2011 film)\"\nrehearsing before a dancing contest called \"\"Shut Up & Dance\"\" when he and his friends go to venue, as the contest is about to start. He watches the performance of Heer Kaul, a girl from St. Stephen's College, and overhears that she is the \"\"perfect heartbreaking machine\"\". He remembers the word of Khatana telling him that heartbreak is the way to become an artist, and decides to propose to Heer, but he suffers humiliation, which he sees as the perfect method for receiving the heart-break needed to achieve stardom. Over time, JJ and Heer become good friends, often going on", "\"Sexy Bitch\"\nother in the pool. The party continues as Akon pushes more people in, girls dance and Akon with Guetta are shown to be having a water fight. The scene then skips to a club that is called \"\"Fuck Me, I'm Famous\"\" where David Guetta is performing a concert with Tocadisco, and Akon is walking in from the back, where he meets some girls. Akon then arrives and performs \"\"Sexy Bitch\"\" at the concert. A light up man in blue and green appears. Girls are shown dancing and Akon does a crowd surf before the video ends. At the end, Akon", "\"Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)\"\noccasions since, spending 70 total weeks in the top 100. Walk the Moon has performed \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" on late-night talk shows \"\"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\"\", \"\"Late Night with Seth Meyers\"\", \"\"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\"\", and on \"\"The Paul O'Grady Show\"\" in the United Kingdom. Since the band hails from Cincinnati, \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" was performed in front of a hometown audience at the 2015 Home Run Derby at Great American Ball Park prior to the start of the exhibition contest on July 14, 2015. The band also made a guest appearance at Taylor Swift's 1989 World", "\"Laser Beam\"\nDVD single. The music video also appeared on Perfume's DVD compilation sets for \"\"JPN\"\", and \"\"Perfume Clips\"\" (2014). The music video appeared on a YouTube reaction video, hosted by The Fine Brothers; the video was part of the \"\"Teens React to J-Pop\"\" compilation. The music video opens with a mysterious man holding a briefcase, walking down a futuristic hallway. As the music starts, the girls start dancing in a dark office with lights flashing in the background. As the chorus starts, the girls start shooting laser beams from their fingers, and dance to the song. The girls teleport into the", "\"Stand Up Tall\"\nof Nirvana's song \"\"Smells Like Teen Spirit\"\". The song is used on the EA Sports' video-game, \"\"FIFA Street\"\" and in the 2005 film \"\"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\"\". Dizzee Rascal drives to a place and finds four girls. They are fighting. The four girls follow him everywhere. At the end there are countless women pole dancing. The music video was directed by Ruben Fleischer. Stand Up Tall \"\"Stand Up Tall\"\" is the fourth single released by the British rapper Dizzee Rascal and the lead single from his second album \"\"Showtime\"\". The single became Dizzee's fourth Top 40 hit when it entered the", "\"So Young, So Bad\"\nare abolished, the farm and the laundry are shut down and replaced by vocational training programs, and a number of other reforms are instituted. The moral and behavior of the girls improves dramatically, though Loretta is jealous of Miss Levering and Dolores (Rita Moreno), a chronic runaway, still has trouble socializing. Eventually Dr. Jason and Miss Levering arrange a dance, inviting boys from a nearby trade school. The night of the dance, one of the girls \"\"borrows\"\" a bottle of perfume from Mrs. Beuhler who directs her anger at Dolores by cutting off her hair. The rest of the girls", "\"Oh Father\"\nresorting to drinking in grief. A funeral scene follows, showing the girl walking up to her mother's wake. When she sees her mother's lips sealed with thread, she runs away from the wake. Madonna walks through a house, where shadows show the girl being scolded and shouted at by the father. Ultimately she walks to the graveyard and stands beside an old man, implying that she herself is the little girl portrayed. The video ends with the little girl dancing in front of her mother's grave as snow falls around her. Madonna later said that the end of the video", "\"Different Colors\"\nBridge, the Ohio River, Cincinnati Union Terminal, and Sawyer Point Park & Yeatman's Cove. This is Walk the Moon's second video to be filmed in Cincinnati, after \"\"Anna Sun\"\" in 2012. The official music video, featuring scenes and footage from the band's spring tour, was released on June 11, 2015. Filmed at Bogart's in Cincinnati, Terminal 5 and Radio 104.5 birthday show at Susquehanna Bank Center in Camden, NJ. The band performed \"\"Different Colors\"\" along with \"\"Shut Up and Dance\"\" at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards pre-show on August 30, 2015. Beginning in June 2015, \"\"Different Colors\"\" was featured", "\"Rollin' (EP)\"\nMarch 7, in conjunction with the EP. The video show the girls dancing in a room with a dark background, showing the moon and thunder. The dance is accompanied by chairs through key points of the dance. The video was restricted on YouTube for under eighteen viewers. A day after, a dance version was released without age restriction. On March 9, a clean version was released, cutting the parts from the original music video, where the girls where laying on each other in a black background. The group held their first comeback stage on SBS's \"\"The Show\"\" on March 7,", "\"He Like That\"\nand praised the group's coordination. The video received comparisons to Britney Spears' video for \"\"I'm a Slave 4 U\"\" due to their similar themes and choreography. The video begins with a vinyl record that introduces the group and song title. Close up shots of each girl are shown, drenched in neon lights; then the scene shifts to Dinah Jane, sporting a long pink skirt, performing a choreographed dance routine with a male dancer. The video then cuts to Normani Kordei, who dances a sensual and intimate choreography with a back-up dancer; the singer wears a red latex top with pants.", "\"10 Minutes (Inna song)\"\nvideo was also released subsequently on 16 June 2010. The video begins with Inna doing her make-up in front of a mirror and continues with her dancing in a club and performing choreography with fellow background dancers. Jonahan Harmad from French website Pure Charts thought that Inna \"\"does not change a winning recipe: pretty girls, dancing and a club.\"\" In 2010, the song was performed at the Romanian Music Awards in a medley with \"\"Amazing\"\", \"\"Señorita\"\" (2010) and \"\"Sun Is Up\"\" (2010) on 10 July, and at Kasho Club in Brașov, Romania on 28 December. Another two performances followed in", "\"Chart Show Hits\"\nChart Show Hits Chart Show Hits is a music TV Channel owned and operated by TRACE Group (formerly Sony Pictures Television and CSC Media Group). Chart Show Hits specialises mostly on the current Top 40 & recent popular hits. On 17 March 2010, Dance Nation TV replaced Flaunt, specialising in dance music, chart remixes and mashups of popular songs. On 3 January 2013, Dance Nation TV was replaced with and rebranded as Chart Show Dance, after the last video shown in Dance Nation branding was Amelia Lily - Shut Up (Wideboys Remix). Chart Show Dance launched on Freesat channel 503", "\"Whatcha Think About That\"\nswings, with Scherzinger singing the song's last lines. The British tabloid newspaper \"\"Daily Mail\"\" commented that \"\"[the] promo for the upcoming single 'Whatcha Think About That', frontwoman Scherzinger and her fellow Dolls perform their high-energy dance moves in a series of sexy lingerie.\"\" Nadia Mendoza from fellow UK newspaper \"\"The Sun\"\" agreed, particularly commenting on the outfits and the dance. A reviewer from Rap-Up wrote that \"\"The Pussycat Dolls turn up the heat in their smolderin’ burlesque-inspired clip.\"\" MTV News compared the music video of \"\"Whatcha Think About That\"\" to Danity Kane's \"\"Bad Girls\"\", concluding: \"\"We like the Dolls' video", "\"Baby When the Light\"\nand dreams about befriending a handsome surfer. While walking her dog, she decides to rest on the beach where she starts dreaming. As the video proceeds, strange things start to happen, girls in bikinis start dancing, an old woman starts rubbing herself with lotion as she watches the young surfer via binoculars. Close to the end of the video, the woman is finally approached by the surfer after exchanging smiles throughout the video. He then invites her to surf with him. The video ends as the girl wakes up from her dream, and finds no one around her but her", "\"Pretty Girls (Britney Spears and Iggy Azalea song)\"\non March 29, 2015 at the 2nd iHeartRadio Music Awards, Azalea revealed she would be co-directing the music video for \"\"Pretty Girls\"\" along with Cameron Duddy, adding that Spears has contributed in the creative process as well. \"\"I love her [Azalea's] work and I had an idea to do like a really girl power, fun Valley girl video,\"\" Spears claimed of the video partnership, adding that it was the first video she had done in a long time where she came up with the concept, also stating \"\"there’s a lot of dancing. I got new choreographers to come in and", "\"Buttons (The Pussycat Dolls song)\"\nto dance around a chair. Before the chorus begins four additional chairs and the group performs a dance routine. Melody Thornton is separated from the rest doing her melismatic ad-libs on the chorus. When Snoop Dogg's verse begins, The Pussycat Dolls are shown walking towards him. During the breakdown, the girls dance while smoke is filled and halfway through the video, the floor turns on fire. The video ends with the girls walking away. Tom Breihan from \"\"The Village Voice\"\" ranked the video at number 10 on his favorite videos of 2006 for its \"\"flashy editing, decent choreography, a distinct", "\"Don't Cha\"\nlisted \"\"Don't Cha\"\" at number fourteen on its Top 40 Videos of 2005. The music video was nominated for Best Dance Video at the 2006 International Dance Music Awards. It was also nominated for the Best R&B video at the 2006 MTV Australia Video Music Awards but lost to Chris Brown's Run It!. \"\"Billboard\"\" described the music video for the song as \"\"iconic\"\" for girl groups. Andrew Unterberger of \"\"Billboard\"\" said, \"\"It was inevitable that the song and video would become massive, and become massive they did, with the song heating up the Hot 100 chart and the video establishing", "\"Shut Up, Dude\"\nplaced the mixtape at number 30 on the \"\"Top 50 Albums of 2010\"\" list. Credits adapted from the liner notes. Shut Up, Dude Shut Up, Dude is the first mixtape by American hip hop trio Das Racist. It was released as a free download by Greedhead Music and Mishka on March 29, 2010. A music video was created for \"\"Who's That? Brooown!\"\". The video linked to a playable online game. \"\"Pitchfork\"\" included it on the \"\"Top Music Videos of 2010\"\" list, while \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" included it on the \"\"Best Videos of 2010\"\" list. It was selected to screen at the", "\"Move in My Direction\"\nof follow-up single \"\"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)\"\". In August 2006 \"\"Move in My Direction\"\" entered the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart, more than a year after its initial UK release. The music video features the two girls dressed up in fancy dresses while wandering listlessly by a busy road and sitting on a couch in an abandoned urban lot. Their shots are intercut with scenes of dancers performing dances ranging from tango to ballroom to breakdancing. Music video directed by Phil Griffin. These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"\"Move in My", "\"California Gurls\"\nfor the show and sung by Shannon Chan-Kent from the perspective of the character Pinkie Pie. A video clip of Cebu Pacific flight attendants performing a pre-flight safety demonstration as a dance routine to this song ended up as a viral YouTube video clip, attracting comment. The parody song \"\"G33k & G4m3r Girls\"\" by Team Unicorn was released online in September 2010. The music video pays tribute to women who love gaming, manga, and science fiction. The video reached 1 million views in its first week online and stirred controversy over its sexy portrayal of geek girls. !scope=\"\"row\"\"| France (SNEP)", "\"Run Devil Run (Girls' Generation song)\"\nsong promotions by May 2, 2010 in SBS's \"\"Inkigayo\"\". In Japan, \"\"Run Devil Run\"\" was first performed on Music Station on January 28, 2011. The music video for \"\"Run Devil Run\"\" was released on March 18. They also released a story version on March 31, 2010. The original video contains two settings: a white room and a black room. Throughout the video, there are scenes of the girls dancing in these rooms, and there are individual close-ups of their own unique Black SoShi looks. At the end of the video, the girls are shown in the black room, after which", "\"Spice World (video game)\"\nappear on the screen. The player then records the routines by programming each animated Spice Girl's dance steps one by one. When it's time for the show at the TV Studio, the player acts as the camera-person, choosing the camera shots including angles, zooms and close-ups. The player gets to watch the animated group sing and dance as the player has directed them to, with the camera shots selected by the player. This is followed by a 20-minute video footage of the actual Spice Girls being interviewed in the South of France. Throughout the game, the player is instructed by", "\"Fushizen na Girl/Natural ni Koishite\"\nadditional scenes and visuals by holding up two-tone colour squares. \"\"Natural ni koishite\"\", directed by Kodama Yuichi, features Perfume outside of a Natural Beauty Basic store singing and dancing to the music. The floor of the set is a moving sidewalk, which is used in the dance routines. Midway through, the girls retreat into the store, instantly emerging with arms full of shopping bags. At the end, they run off of the set and out into the parking lot of the movie studio that the video was being filmed at. The clothing for the video was provided by Natural Beauty", "\"Dancing Crazy\"\nout and having a good time. One of my best friends in the world is in the video, and it's gonna be fun, just dancing with her and having fun.\"\" The video opens up to several girls waiting for Cosgrove outside of her house. It is 11:00 pm, and Cosgrove is seen getting out of bed, grabbing her coat, and sneaking outside to the girls, as they pull out of the house, she sees her teenage neighbor walking the dog. It is unknown as to why he is walking his dog at 11pm, but nonetheless there is romantic chemistry between", "\"Life's a Dance (song)\"\ntoo scared to ask a girl out when he was 14 years old. The girl ends up moving away and he never had the chance to ask her. The narrator goes on to refer to life as \"\"a dance\"\" and says that \"\"you learn as you go\"\". Deborah Evans Price, of \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine gave the song a mixed review, saying that Montgomery is a \"\"fine and photogenic balladeer\"\" but the song is \"\"less than memorable.\"\" The music video was directed by Marc Ball and premiered in late 1992. The video was filmed in Durango, Colorado and was the first time", "\"Colour Me Wednesday\"\nto do in an Emergency\"\" that year. In 2010/2011 a series of self-produced YouTube videos for tracks from their follow up \"\"Sampler\"\" EP brought them to wider attention in DIY punk and indiepop circles, and the band was invited to play the Indietracks festival in 2012 and 2013. In 2012 Carmela Pietrangelo (also of ¡Ay Carmela!) joined as new bassist. In June, the band released debut single \"\"Shut\"\" as a digital download with accompanying video, taken from the album \"\"I Thought It Was Morning\"\", released by Discount Horse Records in July and described by The Girls Are as \"\"an exceptionally", "\"Give It 2 U\"\nThicke's son, Julian Fuego, as well as college dance teams from Albany State University and Alabama State University. Several dancers called \"\"Luxury Girls\"\" are shown dressed up like bottles of champagne, rolls of $100 bills and tins of caviar with others holding up Paper Mache models of lobsters, sushi and other luxurious foods. 2 Chainz enters the field leading a parade float labelled the \"\"Ass Float\"\" while Kendrick enters on a miniature car. The video ends with every girl dancing to the song with Robin Thicke. Give It 2 U \"\"Give It 2 U\"\" is a song by American recording", "\"Irony (ClariS song)\"\noutlined illustrations representing Clara in pink and Alice in blue which are seen throughout the video. A young girl and her mother are shown looking into an ice cream shop at a parfait, which then cuts to a shot of the girl dancing to the music alongside the illustrations of Clara and Alice. Other people are shown in the video in locales around Chiyoda, such as a high school boy and girl and an office worker, who are later shown dancing with the girl. Near the end of the video, many more people join in to dance, and the outlined", "\"Get Up (Mary Mary song)\"\nchart. In December 2008, the song received two Grammy Award nominations for the 51st Grammy Awards of 2009 in the categories \"\"Best Gospel Song\"\" and \"\"Best Gospel Performance\"\". On February 8, 2009, Mary Mary won the Grammy for Best Gospel Performance. The music video for \"\"Get Up\"\" starts off with the girls sitting down and singing, and later getting up to represent the song's lyrics. The video's main character is a young girl auditioning for a dance contest. As she feels frighten to go after it, she gets motivated and goes in front of the judges. The videos has many" ]

[ false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ]

[ "2010" ]

[ "\"Rubel Phillips\"\nThe GOP did not offer a gubernatorial candidate in 1971 but has done so in all elections since 1975. The party nominee did not prevail until 1991, with the victory of the late Kirk Fordice. Since Fordice's two terms, Haley Barbour has also served two terms as governor. In 2012, a third Republican, Phil Bryant, assumed the office. In the 2011 elections, Republicans also won control of both houses of the legislature, advances unimaginable at the time of Rubel Phillips' second gubernatorial defeat. Phillips did not again seek public office but remained a long-term financial backer of the Mississippi GOP.", "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\nRing. Many of the founders of the GOP joined the liberal movement, as did many powerful newspaper editors. They nominated Horace Greeley for President, who also gained the Democratic nomination, but the ticket was defeated in a landslide. The depression of 1873 energized the Democrats. They won control of the House and formed \"\"Redeemer\"\" coalitions which recaptured control of each southern state, in some cases using threats and violence. Reconstruction came to an end when the contested election of 1876 was awarded by a special electoral commission to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, who promised through the unofficial Compromise of 1877", "\"George House (California politician)\"\ndistrict in 1992; however, he lost the primary to Barbara Keating-Edh who ended up losing to Margaret Snyder. He came in 4th place with just eleven percent of the vote. House ran for Assembly again in 1994. Although initially considered a weak candidate, he defeated Democratic incumbent Margaret Snyder in a heavily Republican year that saw the GOP take control of the California State Assembly for the first time since 1970. When House represented the seat from 1994 until 2000, it included half of Stanislaus County, all of Mariposa County and Tuolumne County. It also included most of Madera County", "\"Solid South\"\n35 seats in the State Senate and from 28 to 45 out of 100 in the State House of Representatives. In 2012, the Republicans finally took control of the Arkansas State Legislature and the North Carolina Governorship, leaving West Virginia as the last Solid South state with the Democrats still in control of the state legislature, as well as the governorship. In 2014, though, both houses of the West Virginia legislature were finally taken by the GOP, and most other legislative chambers in the South up for election that year saw increased GOP gains. Arkansas' governorship finally flipped GOP in", "\"1994 United States House of Representatives elections\"\nsince 1948. The Democrats had run the House since 1954, and since 1932 there had only been 4 years when the House was under GOP control. But in 1994 the Republican Party ran against President Clinton's proposed healthcare reform, benefited from impressions of corruption created by the Whitewater investigation, and picked up a majority of voters who had voted for Ross Perot in 1992. The Republicans argued that Clinton had abandoned the centrist New Democrat platform he campaigned on during the 1992 Presidential election and reverted to big government solutions. The GOP ran on Newt Gingrich's Contract with America. The", "\"Noble Ellington\"\ndefection: \"\"For more than one hundred years, the Louisiana House of Representatives has remained under Democrat control, but today that has all come to an end. In just three short years a 16-seat Democrat majority has been erased and Representative Ellington's decision to become the 53rd Republican in the House gives the GOP our first controlling majority in that body since Reconstruction. This is a great and historic day for the Republican Party of Louisiana and I'm pleased to welcome Representative Ellington to the new conservative majority in the House.\"\" Ellington changed his plans and did not seek reelection to", "\"Alabama Republican Party\"\noffices. Republicans also won the State Auditor's Race and the Secretary of State's office. The move to GOP hegemony in the statewide offices occurred fairly quickly. But the real prize was always to achieve a GOP majority in the State Legislature. In the November 2010 general election 136 years of Democratic control of the Alabama state legislature finally came to an end. That day, the GOP won large majorities in both chambers gaining 17 seats in the House and 11 in the State Senate. Within another two weeks four additional House seats moved to the GOP as four self-styled conservatives", "\"Conservatism in the United States\"\nhis old friend and rallied conservatives to defeat him for the 1912 GOP nomination. Taft and the conservative Republicans controlled the Supreme Court until the late 1930s. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a liberal Democrat, did not attack the Supreme Court directly in 1937, but ignited a firestorm of protest by a proposal to add seven new justices. Conservative Democrats immediately broke with FDR, defeated his proposal, and built up the Conservative Coalition. While the liberals did take over the Court through replacements, they lost control of Congress. That is, the Court no longer overthrew liberal laws passed by Congress, but", "\"Maryland Republican Party\"\nMaryland Republican Party The Maryland Republican Party is the branch of the United States Republican Party (GOP) located in the state of Maryland, headquartered in Annapolis. , the Maryland GOP controls the majority of the state's county and municipal governments. It holds 16 of 23 counties, excluding Baltimore City. It also has a majority of County Executives in the State. The Republican Party is the minority party in both houses of the Maryland General Assembly. In the House of Delegates, the Republicans control 50 seats to the Democrats' 91. In the Maryland State Senate, the Republicans control 14 seats to", "\"Republican Revolution\"\nclaimed he was during his 1992 campaign but was a \"\"tax and spend\"\" liberal. The Republicans offered an alternative to Clinton's policies in the form of the Contract with America. The gains in seats in the mid-term election resulted in the Republicans gaining control of both the House and the Senate in January 1995. Republicans had not held the majority in the House for forty years, since the 83rd Congress (elected in 1952). Republicans only controlled 4 years of both House and Senate from 1933 to 1995. Large Republican gains were made in state houses as well when the GOP", "\"Politics of Oklahoma\"\nhouse of 57-44. In 2008, the Republicans gained two state senate seats, taking control (26-22) of that chamber for the first time in state history, while increasing their membership in the state house to a 61-40 advantage. The Republicans thus had complete control of the state legislature for the first time ever. In addition Oklahoma was the only state where John McCain carried a majority in every county (even though Democrats still had a majority of registered voters). The 2010 statewide election saw a historic sweep – for the first time in Oklahoma history the GOP won every statewide office", "\"Politics of Oklahoma\"\npoints of taking Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district (the only Oklahoman Congressional seat not held by the GOP). In the 2012 statewide election, the GOP captured the 2nd District seat, and thus held every statewide office as well as the entire Congressional delegation. The GOP also increased its majorities in the Oklahoma Legislature by four seats in the Oklahoma House of Representatives for a total of 71 seats and one in the Oklahoma Senate for a total of 32 seats. In both cases, the GOP gained a supermajority. The 2014 statewide election saw the GOP maintain its hold of all the", "\"Elections in the Southern United States\"\nThe GOP made substantial gains in the U.S. Senate. While the Democrats maintained control over the chamber, their majority was reduced from 59–41 to 53–47 (both totals include two independents who caucus with the Democrats). One of the GOP pickups came in Arkansas, where John Boozman easily defeated incumbent Blanche Lincoln. The Republicans also successfully defended all of their own seats, including eight in the South. The greatest Republican gains came in the U.S. House, where the GOP more than erased its losses from 2006 and 2008 by gaining 63 seats, retaking control of the chamber in the process. These", "\"Republican Party (United States)\"\nin both the House of Representatives and the Senate, a majority of governorships and state legislatures (full control of 32/50, split control of five others); in the 2018 midterm elections, the GOP was voted out of the House, though it kept its Senate majority, with the new Congress to be inaugurated in 2019. Furthermore, the GOP presently hold \"\"trifectas\"\" (the executive branch and both chambers of the legislative branch) in a majority of states (26/50), and a \"\"trifecta plus\"\" (executive, legislative, and judicial branches) at the federal level, as five of the nine current Supreme Court justices were appointed by", "\"George Nethercutt\"\nmargin of only 9,000 votes in Spokane and 3,000 in Spokane County, which allowed him to prevail by 4,000 votes. This marked the first time a sitting Speaker of the House was unseated since 1862, and was part of a massive national Republican landslide that saw the GOP take control of the House for the first time in 40 years. In Congress, he sat on the House Appropriations Committee and the House Science Committee. Like most Republicans elected in the 1994 wave, he had a strongly conservative voting record. Nethercutt's campaign against Foley, a 30-year incumbent, included significant attention to", "\"Politics of Oklahoma\"\nup for election that year, and as a result currently holds all eleven statewide offices. The GOP increased its majorities in the House by six seats and in the Senate by five seats. (One seat, State Senate District 47, was vacant, as incumbent Todd Lamb was elected Lieutenant Governor, and was filled by special election in January 2011.) The Republicans thus had complete control of state government for the first time ever. On the Congressional front, Tom Coburn held his United States Senate seat and the GOP maintained control of the four House seats it held, and came within 6", "\"Bruce Castor\"\nthe first governor in PA history to lose for re-election four years later in what was otherwise an overwhelming Republican year nationwide. The long term fallout from the 2004 GOP Attorney General Primary election was the alienation of the more moderate Republicans from South East Pennsylvania from Republicans in the rest of the state, creating a fissure in the party. As a result, by 2014, the GOP had lost all statewide elected (non-judicial) posts but one, including failing to re-elect Corbett, a disaster for the Pennsylvania GOP leadership. In addition, the GOP, while controlling handily both houses of the Pennsylvania", "\"Jim Caldwell (Arkansas politician)\"\nArkansas House Speaker Sterling R. Cockrill of Little Rock, provided assistance to Rockefeller and in 1970 even joined the Republican Party to run for lieutenant governor on Rockefeller's ticket when Maurice Britt stepped down. After Rockefeller's defeat in 1970 and death barely two years later, the state GOP apparatus returned to the control of the mostly unknown partisans, a few of whom had previously been active in the party. Republicans in Arkansas found it difficult to function without Rockefeller's financial support. As time passed, one might conclude that the state GOP made only minimal progress in its political mission though", "\"Dud Lastrapes\"\ngreatest personal political disappointment. Thereafter, Lastrapes worked to elect Vice President George Herbert Walker Bush as president, and he became a personal friend of the president. Bush carried Louisiana in the 1988 race, but not in 1992. In 1994, the GOP won control of both houses of Congress, and the mechanism was set in place to win the 1995 gubernatorial race to succeed Edwards. Then came a bitter GOP disappointment in the U.S. Senate race in 1996. The Lafayette Parish GOP rebounded to win the mayor-presidency race in 2003. Lastrapes attended three Republican national conventions as a delegate pledged to", "\"Steve Laffey\"\nKirkmeyer (16%). Laffey is the author of the book \"\"Primary Mistake: How the Washington Republican Establishment Lost Everything in 2006 (and Sabotaged My Senatorial Campaign).\"\" The book was published in 2007 by Penguin Group Publishing. The book details his 2006 Senatorial campaign loss as well as the GOP losing power in the House and the Senate. The book talks about the GOP control loss due to what he describes as the Republican Party compromising their conservative principles. He also details what he describes as the betrayal of the vision of Ronald Reagan by the GOP engaging in negative and personal", "REDMAP\nappropriate redistricting. The project was launched in 2010 and estimated to have cost the Republican party around . \"\"Salon\"\" editor David Daley, author of the 2016 book \"\"Ratf**ked\"\", argues that beginning in 2010, the GOP sought control of governorships and state legislatures for the express purpose of controlling redistricting to protect House Republican seats. This push was led by the Republican Senate Leadership Committee, and organized by Chris Jankowski as the Redistricting Majority Project. GOP strategist Karl Rove discussed this strategy with \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\". The effects of REDMAP came about in the 2012 election, in which the Republicans", "\"Doug Lamborn\"\n2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S. to citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries. He stated that “By taking steps to temporarily stop refugee admittance from nations that are hotbeds of terrorist activity, the President is taking prudent action to ensure that his national security and law enforcement teams have the strategies and systems in place that they will need to protect and defend America.” Lamborn was among GOP members of the House who did not support Speaker Paul Ryan's March 2017 effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act. Seeking a more thorough", "\"A. C. Clemons\"\ncareers in the state. Clemons did not seek reelection in the 1971-1972 cycle. His fellow Republican Sutterfield was defeated that year when running for a full term in the state House. Clemons announced late in 1971 that he was considering running for the U.S. House seat being vacated by Edwards, but he did not file for the special election. Clemons considered running as a gubernatorial candidate but deferred to the GOP leaders' choice, Jefferson Parish attorney David C. Treen. Treen polled nearly 43 percent of the vote in the 1972 general election against the successful Democrat, then U.S. Representative Edwin", "\"Richard L. Barclay\"\nwas succeeded by Richard A. Weiss, who left the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to take the Finance and Administration position. Barclay did not seek a ninth two-year term in the Arkansas House in 1992. Instead, he ran for the Third Congressional District seat opened by the retirement of longtime Republican incumbent John Paul Hammerschmidt. However, he lost the GOP nomination to Tim Hutchinson, who would serve in the U.S. House from 1993 to 1997 and in the United States Senate from 1997 to 2003. In 2003, Barclay served as chairman of the Benton County Republican Party. He is married", "\"Lee Zeldin\"\nsame month, House Speaker Paul D. Ryan canceled plans to attend a fundraiser for Zeldin after the latter voted against the House version of the GOP tax bill. In December, Zeldin called the tax bill “a geographic redistribution of wealth” that takes money from some states while providing tax relief in others. He suggested that the removal of the state tax deduction could have been implemented gradually. Zeldin voted against the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which passed in December 2017. He supported the corporate tax cuts in the bill but did not approve of the limit for", "Abscam\nThompson was offered money in exchange for helping the Arabs overcome certain immigration laws. Well-loved by his constituents, he was the longest-serving member of Congress convicted in Operation Abscam. Thompson abstained on the vote to expel Representative Myers, the first Congressman to be indicted. While most of the politicians resigned, Myers was expelled from the House, and Williams did not resign until the vote on his expulsion was almost to take place. Thompson himself was not expelled from the House of Representatives because he lost his re-election campaign in 1980 to Republican Chris Smith, a relatively unknown GOP candidate who", "\"Independent Democrat\"\nthat his Abolitionist ideals would be recognized, he registered as a member of the GOP. He subsequently was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Illinois as a member of the GOP. Woodworth served one term in Congress, and return to a banking career in Chicago that spanned the Civil War era and the Reconstruction. Andrew Jackson Hamilton, in western Texas, was an Independent Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives, but did not run for re-election in 1860. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina was elected to the United States Senate in 1954 and served as", "\"History of the United States (2008–present)\"\nCollege did not match the outcome of the popular vote, the others happening in 1876, 1888, and 2000. The GOP also retained control a majority in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. Allegations of Russian interference on behalf of Trump's candidacy in the 2016 election caused controversy during and after the election. On January 20, 2017, Trump took the oath of office as the 45th US president in the face of large-scale demonstrations from protesters unhappy with the outcome of the election and of the incoming president. On his first day in office, he undertook a series of", "\"Marco Rubio\"\nspokesperson for the House GOP. According to \"\"National Journal\"\", during this period Rubio did not entirely adhere to doctrinaire conservative principles, and some colleagues described him as a centrist \"\"who sought out Democrats and groups that don’t typically align with the GOP\"\". He co-sponsored legislation that would have let farm workers sue growers in state court if they were shortchanged on pay, and co-sponsored a bill for giving in-state tuition rates to the children of undocumented immigrants. In the wake of the September 11 attacks, he voiced suspicion about expanding police detention powers, and helped defeat a GOP bill that", "\"2012 United States House of Representatives elections\"\nin addition to Republican gerrymandering, other factors that helped the GOP maintain control of congress, despite getting fewer votes, included the large number of Democratic votes in urban centers which led to \"\"unintentional gerrymandering,\"\" as compact districts naturally led to \"\"wasted votes\"\" in districts that easily elected Democratic candidates. The GOP also had a greater number of incumbents, who tend to have an advantage in elections. In the previous century, on four occasions the party with a plurality of the popular vote was unable to receive a majority in the House, but only twice since World War II. The last", "\"Political positions of Mike Huckabee\"\nstudents also should be given exposure to the theories not only of evolution but to the basis of those who believe in creationism.\"\" Huckabee has also stated, \"\"I do not necessarily buy into the traditional Darwinian theory, personally.\"\" In the Third GOP Debate in June 2007, Huckabee was asked by Tom Fahey whether he believed in evolution, and he responded, in part: \"\"I believe there is a God who was active in the creation process. Now, how did he do it, and when did he do it, and how long did he take? I don't honestly know, and I don't", "\"Dwight D. Eisenhower\"\nbecame evident that the Republicans were in danger of losing their thin majority in both houses. Eisenhower was among those who blamed the Old Guard for the losses, and he took up the charge to stop suspected efforts by the right wing to take control of the GOP. Eisenhower then articulated his position as a moderate, progressive Republican: \"\"I have just one purpose ... and that is to build up a strong progressive Republican Party in this country. If the right wing wants a fight, they are going to get it ... before I end up, either this Republican Party", "\"Joseph O. Rogers Jr.\"\nin Columbia that such a move was contrary to ethical principles. Rogers did not seek reelection to the state House in 1966. On March 7, he announced that he was joining the Republican Party, and later that month he was chosen in convention as the GOP nominee to oppose Governor McNair in the general election. Rogers's platform stressed local control of public schools and resistance to federal encroachment into the affairs of state government. Rogers explained his philosophy regarding federal orders to desegregate public schools: We oppose them [federal orders] on both grounds that they are an unwarranted and unwise", "Minnesota\n3 million cast. In the 2010 election, Republicans took control of both chambers of the Minnesota legislature for the first time in 38 years and, with Mark Dayton's election, the DFL party took the governor's office for the first time in 20 years. Two years later, the DFL regained control of both houses, and with Dayton in office, the party had same-party control of both the legislative and executive branches for the first time since 1990. Two years later, the Republicans regained control of the Minnesota House, and in 2016, the GOP also regained control of the State Senate. In", "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\nCongress in 1952 on Eisenhower's coattails, but in 1954 lost both and would not regain the Senate until 1980 nor the House until 1994. The problem, says Reinhard, was the \"\"voters liked Ike—but not the GOP\"\". Eisenhower was an exception to most Presidents in that he usually let Vice President Richard Nixon handle party affairs (controlling the national committee and taking the roles of chief spokesman and chief fundraiser). Nixon was defeated in 1960 in a close election, weakening his moderate wing of the party. The conservatives in 1964 made a comeback under the leadership of Barry Goldwater who defeated", "Montana\nalbeit by a narrow margin of two percent. At the state level, the pattern of split-ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as one of the five statewide offices (Governor). The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996 and in 2014 Steve Daines won one of the state's Senate seats for the GOP. The Legislative branch had split party control between the house and senate most years between 2004 and 2010, when the mid-term elections returned both branches to Republican control. The state Senate is, as of 2017,", "\"Right Now (book)\"\nshould follow to win back power.\"\" The Washington Post reported that GOP congressional aides stated that \"\"more than half a dozen Republican Senate and House leaders have been upset with Steele's remarks and the book. None has spoken out publicly against Steele-- in part, aides said, because the leaders see little benefit to continued strife within GOP ranks.\"\" On January 10, the Seattle Times reported that the \"\"Republican Party's national chairman says he's had no thoughts of resigning despite criticism of his first-year performance and controversy about his recent book that takes shots at the GOP. Michael Steele is apologizing", "\"Alabama Republican Party\"\nseats to the Democrats 42. In the last four years the GOP has achieved a net combined gain of 43 Circuit and District Judges through a combination of election wins, party switchers and the Governor filling vacancies with GOP appointees. It is all the more dramatic when one considers that there were less than one half dozen GOP judges in Alabama prior to 1986. Although Democrats often like to \"\"claim\"\" they still control the County Courthouses even that bastion has slipped away. As of March 1, 2016 of the 351 County Commissioners in Alabama's 67 counties, the partisan breakdown is", "\"CGCN Group\"\nfinancial reform debate from 2009 to 2010, involving laws like the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. At the time, CGCN had more financial services clients in Washington, D.C., than other firms during the Troubled Asset Relief Program. In the wake of Republicans taking control of Congress in 2010, CGCN saw strong growth in its business and the firm doubled in size from 2015 to 2017. While closely tied to GOP leadership—its partners have worked with former House Speaker John Boehner and others—CGCN was among the first lobbying firms to court the", "\"2009 New York's 20th congressional district special election\"\nStephen Saland had also been mentioned. Alexander \"\"Sandy\"\" Treadwell, the former New York Secretary of State and 2008 U.S. House challenger, had announced he would not run. On January 24, State Assembly Minority Leader Jim Tedisco received the endorsement of Saratoga County's Republican chairman, while the Greene County GOP endorsed Faso. Jim Tedisco was the eventual Republican nominee, winning the GOP nomination on January 27, 2009. Tedisco represented the 110th Assembly District, which includes a significant portion of Saratoga County. Tedisco's primary residence was not in the congressional district, although he did own a house in Saratoga Springs and much", "\"Need to Know (House)\"\ntakes another look at her history. House suspects that Margo was secretly using birth control pills to negate the fertility treatments, believing that she did not want a child even though her husband did. The combination of Ritalin, birth control, and fertility treatments caused the tumor, which House believes should be benign. But Margo still claims she's not taking the pills and insists on undergoing surgery despite the risks. The surgery reveals the benign tumor that House suspected. Margo asks Foreman to lie to her husband and claim she cannot take fertility treatments any more. Foreman refuses. Cameron goes to", "Firedoglake\nto accompany allegations of seeking ideological purity within the Democratic Party. Firedoglake posters were explicitly happy when U.S. Senator Evan Bayh announced he was not running for re-election in 2010, referring to him as a \"\"Democrat in Name Only\"\" and stating it would be preferable to have a Republican taking his seat than a moderate Democrat, an outcome that did come to pass when Indiana elected GOP veteran Dan Coats in the midterm Indiana Senate race. Firedoglake Firedoglake (abbreviated as FDL) was an American collaborative blog that described itself as a \"\"leading progressive news site, online community, and action organization.\"\"", "\"Jim Tucker (Louisiana politician)\"\nhis candidacy, including African American Representative and former congressional candidate Karen Carter Peterson of New Orleans. He succeeded outgoing Democratic Speaker Joe Salter of Florien in Sabine Parish in north Louisiana, who had been recommended in 2003 by Jindal's predecessor and successful opponent, outgoing Governor Kathleen Babineaux Blanco. By 2011, the GOP had a House majority after defections and special elections. As head of the House Republican Caucus, Tucker spearheaded GOP opposition to Blanco's legislative initiatives, especially in regard to state spending. Jindal, a departing Republican congressman from suburban New Orleans, vowed to prevent Washington D.C.-style partisanship from taking root", "\"1994 Minnesota gubernatorial election\"\nhis second consecutive gubernatorial primary. Primary Results were, Marty 144,462, Hatch 139,109, Bouza 93,841, and Van Bergen 4,751. The 1994 election nationwide was noted for a GOP wave of election victories. In Minnesota, that wave wasn't as evident as half of the statewide elections went for each party. With the GOP winning the Governor and U.S. Senator positions and the DFL winning the State Attorney General, Secretary of State, State Auditor and State Treasurer positions. As well, the Minnesota State House remained in DFL control by a 72-64 margin. The results of the gubernatorial general election were: Arne Carlson 1,094,165,", "\"Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania\"\nthe heavily Republican 125th House district and Bob Casey Jr. carried Schuylkill when he unseated incumbent Republican US Senator Rick Santorum. Former State Representative Dave Argall won the special election of March 3 to succeed the late State Senator Jim Rhoades and was sworn in on March 17. Jerry Knowles won the special election for Argall's seat in the 124th House district on May 19. In 2010, the GOP regained ground when Seip was defeated for reelection by Republican Mike Tobash. In 2011, the GOP reclaimed the county government. Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities,", "\"FIRST STEP Act\"\nChuck Grassley (R-Iowa) urged fellow Republicans to pass legislation during the lame duck session of the 115th United States Congress, arguing in a tweet, \"\"GOP colleagues: NOW is time to pass crim justice reform unless your argument is that you prefer to work w Speaker Nancy Pelosi to pass a bill?\"\" Once Democrats take control of the U.S. House, it would be necessary to start over and try to come up with a new bipartisan agreement. Opponents of the bill include Senators Tom Cotton (R-Ark.), John Kennedy (R-La.), Ben Sasse (R-Neb.), Jim Risch (R-Idaho), and Deb Fischer (R-Neb.), among others.", "\"Ann Wagner\"\npolitics in 1990, heading the GOP's efforts during the decennial redistricting of Missouri. In 1992, she was state director of the unsuccessful campaign for the reelection of President George H.W. Bush and Vice President Dan Quayle. She was elected to her first term of office as chair of the Missouri Republican Party in 1999, becoming the first woman to occupy the position. Her most notable achievement in that role came during her second two-year term when she oversaw the party's taking of majority control of both chambers of the Missouri General Assembly, winning the Senate in a 2001 special election", "\"David Joyce (politician)\"\nClimate Solutions Caucus. In July 2017, Joyce expressed the view that the only viable route to a consensus on health care was to take a bipartisan approach. While admitting that Obamacare was \"\"going to fail\"\" he said that the drafting of the GOP's then-current Senate health-care bill was \"\"even worse than how the Affordable Care Act evolved\"\" and that the GOP's House health-care bill \"\"was too partisan\"\" and that there \"\"is nothing in this Senate bill, that is going to bring down the cost of healthcare.\"\" In an August 2013 speech, Joyce said that part of the problem with the", "\"Phyllis Schlafly\"\nrevolt of \"\"moral conservatives\"\" who opposed Richard Nixon's stance (as \"\"The New York Times\"\" puts it) \"\"against segregation and discrimination.\"\" She came to national attention when millions of copies of her self-published book, \"\"A Choice Not an Echo\"\", were distributed in support of Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign, especially in California's hotly fought winner-take-all-delegates GOP primary. In it, Schlafly denounced the Rockefeller Republicans in the Northeast, accusing them of corruption and globalism. Critics called the book a conspiracy theory about \"\"secret kingmakers\"\" controlling the Republican Party. In 1967, Schlafly lost a bid for the presidency of the National Federation of", "\"Southern Democrats\"\nline whose governor affirmed Lincoln's call for 75,000 troops. After secession, the Democratic vote in the North split between the War Democrats and the Peace Democrats or \"\"Copperheads\"\". The War Democrats voted for Lincoln in the 1864 election, and he had one—Andrew Johnson—on his ticket. In the South during Reconstruction the white Republican element, called \"\"Scalawags\"\" became smaller and smaller as more and more joined the Democrats. In the North most War Democrats returned to the Democracy, and when the \"\"Panic of 1873\"\" hit, the GOP was blamed and the Democrats gained control of the House of Representatives in 1874.", "\"Ed Rollins\"\nLaxalt did run, briefly, for the GOP nomination in May–August 1987. \"\"I should have gone over the cliff with him in 1988 because he would have gone over the cliff with me anytime ... I was too anxious to play the game, and I forgot what friendship was all about.\"\" In 1989, Rollins became the only non-Member of Congress to head the National Republican Congressional Committee, the House Republicans' campaign wing. Rollins's goal was to attract top political talent to turn around a committee that had suffered four disappointing elections. He firmly believed the GOP could achieve the rare feat", "\"History of the United States House of Representatives\"\ncomeback in 1874 by winning 93 seats held by the GOP and becoming the majority. The Gilded Age was marked by close balances in the House, with the parties alternating control. Between 1860 and 1920 the average tenure of House members doubled from four to eight years. This number reflects the growth of \"\"congressional careerism.\"\" The House began to develop a more stable culture, sessions of the House became longer, and members of the House began to specialize in specific areas of policy. Power was decentralized from the Speaker of the House, and seniority nearly assured advancement within the House.", "\"Radio in 1920s elections\"\nMorello underlines that the Republican Party saw potential in “the telephone, the movie camera, and the ability to electronically transmit photographs” to “identify potential voters and [direct] specific campaign appeals to them” (Morello 4). This new form of advertisement technology allowed the GOP to team up with advertising big shot Albert J. Lasker and take Harding’s campaign to unforeseen levels of exposure. For the first time in campaign history, the GOP manipulates photographs “as a campaign tool” (Morello 6). These photos of Harding, his wife, and his house guests were “taken by the thousands, sorted out by Republican National Headquarters,", "\"Mark Foley scandal\"\nunnamed Republican source is quoted as saying \"\"The data suggests Americans have bailed on the speaker, and the difference could be between a 20-seat loss and 50-seat loss.\"\" For Democrats to regain control of the House, they had to post a net gain of 15 seats in the 2006 midterm elections. The \"\"National Review\"\", a conservative magazine, called the scandal helpful for Democrats campaigning to regain control of one or both houses of Congress, and said it could have a greater impact than the Jack Abramoff scandals since \"\"a GOP pederasty scandal\"\" is thought to resonate more strongly with the", "\"Indiana Republican Party\"\na comprehensive audit of the Federal Reserve.\"\" The Indiana Republican Party controls one U.S. Senate seat and seven of nine U.S. House seats. Republicans control all 7 of the 7 statewide constitutional offices. They hold a supermajority in both the Indiana House of Representatives and the Indiana Senate. Indiana Republican Party The Indiana Republican Party is the affiliate of the United States Republican Party (GOP) in the state of Indiana. The chairman of the Indiana Republican State Committee is Kyle Hupfer. Republicans dominated Indiana from the 1860s to 1980s. Democrats gained some power at the state level in the late", "\"Mike Beebe\"\nof the state's Forestry Commission's finances after a $4 million shortfall and a layoff of 36 workers. In the 2012 midterm elections, Republicans gained control of both houses of the General Assembly for the first time since 1874 after making major gains two years earlier. This made Beebe the first Democratic Governor of Arkansas ever to face a Republican-controlled legislature. The GOP margin was 21 to 14 in the Senate, and 51 to 48 in the House (with one Green). In his 2013 State of the State address, Beebe made a comprehensive case for Medicaid expansion. In April 2013, Beebe", "\"Bertrand Snell\"\n1928 GOP presidential nomination, albeit somewhat unenthusiastically. He would have preferred for President Calvin Coolidge to run for another term. Snell's relations with the engineer president soured slightly when Hoover tried unsuccessfully to seize the initiative in New York patronage. Snell's dream of eventually becoming Speaker was dashed with the onset of the Great Depression. In the wake of the 1930 midterm elections, the Republicans lost control of the House. After Longworth died in April 1931, Tilson and Snell tussled for the job of minority leader. Despite being favored by the president, Tilson lost the race to Snell, who appealed", "\"Bill Cadman\"\nBill Cadman Bill Lee Cadman (born October 4, 1960) is an American politician who is a former Colorado state legislator. First elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 2000, Cadman was appointed to fill a vacancy in the Colorado Senate in 2007. Later, he represented Senate District 12, which covers rural Colorado Springs, Fort Carson, Security-Widefield, Cimarron Hills, and Cheyenne Mountain. He was on the Board of Directors of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a national association of legislators. In 2015, he was elected as President of the Colorado Senate when the GOP won control of the chamber", "\"Bill Cadman\"\nwell. Bill Cadman Bill Lee Cadman (born October 4, 1960) is an American politician who is a former Colorado state legislator. First elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 2000, Cadman was appointed to fill a vacancy in the Colorado Senate in 2007. Later, he represented Senate District 12, which covers rural Colorado Springs, Fort Carson, Security-Widefield, Cimarron Hills, and Cheyenne Mountain. He was on the Board of Directors of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a national association of legislators. In 2015, he was elected as President of the Colorado Senate when the GOP won control of the", "\"Michael K. Winder\"\ncity history, and when sworn in on January 4, 2010, at age 33, he became the youngest mayor in city history. In 2012, Winder and former county council member Mark Crockett emerged from the Salt Lake County Republican Convention field of six to face off for the GOP nomination for county mayor. Crockett narrowly defeated Winder in the GOP primary election, 50.7% to 49.3%. In 2016, Winder ran for the Utah State House of Representatives, defeating his Democratic opponent. He was sworn in as a member of the Utah State House of Representatives on January 1, 2017. An historian, he", "\"Voter suppression in the United States\"\nthat the true drivers of the law were GOP political consultants who were seeking ways to suppress the Democratic vote. Several factors, including the reduction in early voting, reductions in the number of polling places, and an unusually lengthy ballot that included 11 detailed constitutional amendments, all combined to produce long lines on election day, with waits of several hours. By one estimate, the result was that at least 201,000 likely voters did not vote, either leaving the line in frustration or not even getting in line when they saw how long it would take. In Maryland's Montgomery County, Republicans", "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\ncrises in 2011 and 2012. The Tea Party fielded a number of anti-establishment candidates in the 2014 Republican primaries, but scored very few notable wins. However, they managed to unseat House Majority Leader Eric Cantor in his Virginia primary race. GOP attacks on Obama's unpopular administration resonated with voters and the party posted major gains around the country. They regained control of the Senate and increased their majorities in the House to the highest total since 1929. They took control of governorships, state legislatures and Senate seats in nearly all Southern states, except Florida and Virginia. Great divisions in the", "\"Walter J. Kohler Jr.\"\nwon the White House and control of Congress, McCarthy and Kohler (they officially supported each other) were reelected, and Republicans retained control of the state legislature. Walter admitted to being offered various positions in Washington, D.C., including at least one on the White House staff during his second term as governor. He turned them all down in large part because of the resistance of his wife to further political activity. The GOP sweep intensified the commitment of local Democrats to gain power. Bill Proxmire, the man Kohler defeated handily, began to campaign the day after the election to win the", "\"History of the United States Republican Party\"\nin Alaska lost primary contests in their respective states. Republicans won back control of the House of Representatives in the November general election, with a net gain of 63 seats, the largest gain for either party since 1948. The GOP also picked up six seats in the Senate, falling short of retaking control in that chamber, and posted additional gains in state governor and legislative races. Boehner became Speaker of the House while McConnell remained as the Senate Minority Leader. In an interview with \"\"National Journal\"\" magazine about congressional Republican priorities, McConnell explained that \"\"the single most important thing we", "\"Kenny Marchant\"\nalso a member of the Republican Study Committee, the Tea Party Caucus and the U.S.-Japan Caucus. In the 110th Congress, Marchant served on the United States House Committee on Financial Services, Committee on Education and Labor, and Oversight and Government Reform Committee. Marchant worked closely with Bush when he was governor of Texas, and bills himself as a staunch conservative. However, he has occasionally broken ranks with the GOP, as he did to increase the minimum wage. He has said that his top priority on Capitol Hill will be cutting the federal deficit with fiscal conservative policies, however in 2017", "\"Republican Party (United States)\"\nmany of which were later championed by New Deal Democrats in the 1930s. He lost and when most of his supporters returned to the GOP they found they did not agree with the new conservative economic thinking, leading to an ideological shift to the right in the Republican Party. The Republicans returned to the White House throughout the 1920s, running on platforms of normalcy, business-oriented efficiency and high tariffs. The national party avoided the prohibition issue after it became law in 1920. Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover were resoundingly elected in 1920, 1924 and 1928 respectively. The", "\"California Republican Party\"\nin 1995. Pete Wilson was also the last Republican elected to represent California in the U.S. Senate in 1988, and the last Republican to represent California for a full term in the U.S. Senate from 1983 to 1989. Out of the 53 seats California is apportioned in the U.S. House of Representatives, 7 will be held by Republicans: California has not elected any GOP candidates to statewide office since 2006, when Arnold Schwarzenegger was re-elected as governor and Steve Poizner was elected insurance commissioner. In 2010, term limits forced Schwarzenegger from office, and Poizner did not seek re-election as insurance", "\"United States Department of Education\"\nlockstep with that of the Democrats, with Goals 2000 a virtual joint effort. After the Newt Gingrich-led \"\"revolution\"\" in 1994 had taken control of both Houses of Congress, federal control of and spending on education soared. That trend continued unabated despite the fact that the Republican Party made abolition of the Department a cornerstone of 1996 platform and campaign promises, calling it an inappropriate federal intrusion into local, state, and family affairs. The GOP platform read: \"\"The Federal government has no constitutional authority to be involved in school curricula or to control jobs in the market place. This is why", "\"Donald DiFrancesco\"\nfor Senate Minority Leader after the 1981 elections, eschewing the traditional rotation of leadership posts. He defeated James P. Vreeland (R-Towaco), who had served as Assistant Minority Leader during the previous session. DiFrancesco's attempt to win GOP control of the upper house in 1983 was unsuccessful. After Republicans won a majority of seats in the 1991 election, DiFrancesco used a similar strategy and beat the sitting Minority Leader, John H. Dorsey, to win the Senate presidency. DiFrancesco, a state senator representing the Scotch Plains area, became governor when Christine Todd Whitman resigned from office to join the administration of newly", "\"Montgomery County, Pennsylvania\"\nin 1964--Montgomery County residents have voted for the Democratic Presidential nominee for the past seven consecutive elections, with the margins progressively increasing between 1992 and 2008 to 21.8%. The Democratic victory margin decreased in 2012 back to 14.3% but rebounded in 2016 to 21.3%. Most county-level offices were held by Republicans until after the 2007 election, when Democrats picked up control of five row offices. Democrats have also won several elections in the Pennsylvania General Assembly in recent years, including two GOP-leaning State House districts in 2004, the 148th with Mike Gerber and the 153rd with Josh Shapiro. Today, although", "\"Mabry Hood House\"\ntake the Confederate loyalty oath, which complicated his ability to travel to his west Knox County farm while the region was under the control of the Confederacy. His relationship did not improve when Union forces took control of East Tennessee, since he admitted that one reason he did not actively support the C.S.A. was his expectation that they would lose the war. His brother, Joseph Alexander Mabry II (c. 1825 - October 19, 1882) and nephew Joseph Alexander Mabry III (May 23, 1855 – October 19, 1882), both immortalized in Mark Twain's \"\"Life on the Mississippi\"\", are also associated with", "\"Gang of Seven\"\nand post office scandals helped the Republicans take control of the House in the 1994 elections. The House banking scandal broke in early 1992, when it was revealed that the United States House of Representatives allowed members to overdraw their House checking accounts without risk of being penalized by the House bank (actually a clearinghouse). The House banking scandal ultimately involved more than 450 representatives, most of whom did not break any laws. Twenty-two congressmen and -women were singled out by the House Ethics Committee for leaving their checking accounts overdrawn for at least eight months out of a sample", "\"1981 Mississippi's 4th congressional district special election\"\nfelt was \"\"probably because of the homosexual questions.\"\" In 1981, Hinson was arrested by United States Capitol Police at the Library of Congress on the felony charge of committing oral sodomy. Minority U.S. House Whip Trent Lott of Mississippi threatened to start House proceedings against Hinson, and his GOP allies in Mississippi quickly withdrew support from him. U.S. Senator Thad Cochran, Mississippi GOP Chairman Clarke Reed, former Mississippi GOP Chairman Wirt Yerger, and Haley Barbour among others in the state's GOP delegation and leadership called for Hinson's resignation. Democrats mostly stayed out of the fray, with Governor William Winter saying", "\"Scott Jennings\"\nthe race, Kentucky political news show \"\"Pure Politics\"\" interviewed Jennings and said that he had \"\"shaped the race in McConnell's favor.\"\" The program stated: \"\"In Jennings, McConnell has found a powerful ally with which to wage modern political warfare.\"\" In 2016, Jennings' super PAC, Kentuckians for Strong Leadership, took on a new mission—helping Republicans gain control of the Kentucky state House of Representatives. KSL spent $2 million on 19 legislative races as the GOP went from a 53-47 minority to a 64-36 super majority. Republicans had not controlled the Kentucky house in nearly 100 years. Following the election, \"\"Pure Politics\"\"", "\"Catalina Vasquez Villalpando\"\nand migrant worker, used to take her and her siblings out into the fields so they would know what it was like to pick crops for a living. After attending parochial school, Villalpando graduated from San Marcos High School. She subsequently went to work at a jewelry store and as a secretary at Southwest Texas State College where she also attended part-time. She did not complete her studies at Southwest, instead—at her father's advice—enrolled at The University of Texas College of Business Administration. Villalpando's association with Republican Party (GOP) politics began at this time when she took a secretarial position", "\"Jim Babka\"\nNewt Gingrich gave to the incoming freshman Republicans. In that speech, Gingrich, who stood in front of a high-rise, glass back-drop of Washington, DC, pointed out that Article I, Section 7 said that all spending bills originated in the House. That means, Gingrich continued, that if we zero out the funding for these programs, the good people who work in these buildings will go home. Babka initially tried to get involved in some 1996 campaigns, and he did ultimately volunteer in one. But the Gingrich-led revolution stalled, and Babka was turned off by the GOP when they selected a big-government", "\"Robert Max Ross\"\nRepublicans did not usually appear on the ballot in previous elections dating back to Reconstruction. Ross announced his campaign for the 1972 gubernatorial election in February 1971, the first announced Republican to enter the race. When qualifying ended in August 1971, eighteen Democrats had qualified, and only two Republicans, Ross and Dave Treen, then a lawyer from Metairie in Jefferson Parish. Treen, had run unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives from suburban New Orleans in 1962, 1964, and 1968. in the gubernatorial primary, Treen carried the support of the party leadership, including GOP chairman Charles deGravelles, of Lafayette,", "\"Jefferson F. Long\"\nCounty, Georgia on March 3, 1836. He taught himself to read and write, an illegal act for slaves. Long became a successful merchant tailor in Macon, Georgia. Long was elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused when the U.S. House declared Samuel F. Gove not entitled to the seat and served from January 16, 1871 to March 3, 1871. Long was not a candidate for renomination in 1870 because of anti-Reconstruction efforts by the white-majority Georgia GOP, but did serve as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1880. Despite Long's brief tenure", "\"Robert Gleason\"\n\"\"a hard worker and efficient manager of the state GOP.\"\" Gleason currently serves as a member of the Catholic Advisory Committee of the Republican National Committee. During Gleason's tenure as state party chair, the Republican presidential nominee has failed to carry Pennsylvania, though the party has consistently maintained control of the State Senate and had maintained control of the State Attorney General's office until 2012. The party had a difficult election cycle in 2006, with the re-election of Democratic Governor Ed Rendell. That year, Democrats also took control of the State House for the first time in Gleason's tenure as", "\"Democratic Party of Georgia\"\nthe beginning of a decline for the Democratic Party of Georgia. Georgia House Speaker Tom Murphy, the longest serving Speaker in any state legislature, lost his bid for another term in the state House. Four Democrats in the Georgia State Senate changed their political affiliation, handing the upper house to the GOP. And in 2004, the Democratic Party lost control of the Georgia House of Representatives, putting the party in the minority for the first time in Georgia history. The Democratic Party of Georgia entered the 2010 elections with hopes that former Governor Roy Barnes could win back the Governor's", "\"2010 Texas elections\"\n2010 Texas elections Elections were held in Texas on Tuesday, November 2, 2010. Primary elections were held on March 2, 2010. The Republican Party continued its dominance over Texas politics, maintaining control of all statewide offices and increasing its majorities in both chambers of the Texas Legislature. The GOP also picked up control of three additional seats in the United States House of Representatives. All 32 Texas seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 2010. Incumbent Republican Governor Rick Perry ran for re-election against Democratic challenger and former mayor of Houston Bill White and", "\"2008 United States presidential election in South Dakota\"\nthe GOP column in 2008, taking in 53.16% of the total statewide vote over Obama who received 44.75%, an 8.41-percent margin of victory. This margin of victory was considerably smaller compared to 2004 when George W. Bush carried South Dakota with 59.91% of the vote over John Kerry who received 38.44%, a 21.47% margin of victory, resulting in a 13.06-percent swing to the Democrats in 2008. While McCain did well throughout the state, his main strength was in Western South Dakota, where he often won by landslide margins. He was able to carry Pennington County, South Dakota, which contains the", "\"Zach Wamp\"\nRepublicans and was later elected chairman of the Hamilton County, Tennessee Republican Party, then regional director for the Tennessee GOP. Wamp ran for the House of Representatives as a Republican in 1992 against nine-term Democrat Marilyn Lloyd. He nearly scored a major upset, only losing by 1.3 points—only 2,900 votes out of 210,000 total votes cast. When Lloyd did not run for re-election in 1994, Wamp ran again. Battling through a hotly contested primary, he easily defeated his childhood friend and sitting State Representative Kenneth J. Meyer by nearly two to one. During the race, Wamp signed the Contract with", "\"David Young (Iowa politician)\"\nLine Call Should Go Unanswered Act\"\" aimed at reducing suicides of veterans. The bill passed the U.S. House unanimously. Young voted to repeal the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) in 2015. Young opposed the original March 2017 Republican effort to repeal Obamacare. When the effort ended in March 2017 with the withdrawal of the GOP health-care legislation from further consideration, Young praised Trump and the party leaders for this action and called for everyone to join anew in “a thoughtful and deliberate process that takes the time and input to get this right to achieve accessible, affordable quality healthcare for every", "\"John Connally\"\n(45.6 percent). In the campaign, Connally made an issue of Cox's switching to the Republican Party (GOP) the previous year. Eleven years later, Connally made the same switch. Cox, as it turned out, was the strongest Republican gubernatorial candidate in Texas since 1924. Not until 1972, when Henry Grover carried the GOP banner, did the Republicans make a better showing for governor. Connally was a master campaign professional, having worked on several of Lyndon Johnson's campaigns. He believed in the entourage and advance men, the practice of having staff aides checking out events and having press interviews on the run", "\"Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign\"\nGOP convention had to be suspended when GOP leaders realized that Paul supporters were going to win delegates in the proceedings. Further conventions will occur in May. In the April 22 Pennsylvania Primary, he finished second with 16% of the vote overall. Paul and Mike Huckabee, who was also on the ballot, did best in Pennsylvania's conservative regions. In the May 6 primaries in Indiana and North Carolina, Paul earned 8% of the vote in both states. In the May 13 West Virginia primary, Paul received 5% of the vote. In the May 20 primaries, Paul received 15% of the", "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nhe had been in the House for almost 20 years, had served as chairman of the Democratic Caucus for four years, had been a 1988 presidential candidate, and had been majority leader from June 1989 until Republicans captured control of the House in the November 1994 elections. Gephardt's predecessor in the minority leadership position was Robert Michel, R-IL, who became GOP Leader in 1981 after spending 24 years in the House. Michel's predecessor, Republican John Rhodes of Arizona, was elected Minority Leader in 1973 after 20 years of House service. By contrast, party leaders of the United States Senate have", "\"Grundy County, Illinois\"\nof Grundy County’s vote – Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 – although in recent times the county has trended a little more Democratic and both Bill Clinton in 1996 and Barack Obama in 2008 won pluralities. However, in 2016 with economic concerns in the “Rust Belt”, Donald Trump did better than any Republican in this traditional GOP county since 1984, when Ronald Reagan came within 3,819 votes of clean-sweeping all fifty states. In September 2017, Governor Bruce Rauner said he would sign a controversial abortion funding expansion measure, House Bill 40, into law. Critics said that the law will increase", "\"Rockefeller Republican\"\nabortion rights poured on money and attacks\"\". She was pressured to drop out of the race, and when she did the Republican National Committee endorsed Tea Party-backed, Doug Hoffman. Rockefeller Republican The Rockefeller Republicans, also called Moderate or Liberal Republicans, were members of the Republican Party (GOP) in the 1930s–1970s who held moderate to liberal views on domestic issues, similar to those of Nelson Rockefeller, Governor of New York (1959–1973) and Vice President of the United States (1974–1977). Rockefeller Republicanism has been described as the last phase of the \"\"Eastern Establishment\"\" of the GOP, which had been led by New", "\"Roger Johnson (politician)\"\nat the time, to work for her and run the state’s Agricultural Mediation Program, which helped farmers resolve financial problems with creditors. He resigned in 1996, when he ran for North Dakota Agriculture Commissioner. Johnson was first elected Agriculture Commissioner in 1996 and re-elected in 2000, 2004, and 2006. The election in 1996 was one of the closest in North Dakota history. Johnson earned 129,423 votes, while GOP candidate Dina Butcher earned 129,140 votes. He ran against GOP candidate Doug Goehring in 2004, winning by a little over 1,800 votes. Goehring did not demand a recount. Johnson faced a rematch", "\"Katon Dawson\"\n1994 and state party chair 2002. In 2006, despite nationwide losses by the Republican party, the South Carolina GOP carried eight of nine statewide constitutional offices. In August 2007 Dawson drew national attention for his decision to move the 2008 South Carolina Republican presidential primary from Feb. 2 to January 29, preserving the state's \"\"first in the South\"\" primary. In every election since 1980, the winner of the South Carolina primary has won the Republican presidential nomination, except in 2012 when Newt Gingrich won the primary and did not secure the nomination. During Dawson's chairmanship, the South Carolina GOP has", "\"Rosario Marin\"\nHouse as the preferred candidate, Marin was attacked by her fellow Republicans, in particular, former California Secretary of State Bill Jones, the leading candidate for the GOP nod, for her perceived waffling on another hot-button immigration issue: driver's licenses for illegal immigrants. Although she had opposed the state measure granting them signed by Gov. Davis in 2003, she refused to take a position on tough federal legislation to punish states that do so introduced by Congressman Tom Tancredo the same year. Marin was also passed over by key Republicans when Governors Schwarzenegger, her old boss Wilson, and George Deukmejian all", "\"Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign\"\ncounted, Paul placed third in the voter preference tally with 19%. National delegates are assigned to candidates May 2 when state delegates hold their convention. Paul earned 35% of the state delegates to take second place. In West Virginia, he spoke at the GOP convention alongside Mitt Romney and Mike Huckabee. Paul came in a distant fourth (10%) in the first vote by the state GOP convention and was eliminated for the second round, with McCain eliminated next. Paul's and McCain's supporters voted for Mike Huckabee. Paul's campaign stated that they had a deal with Huckabee to get 3 delegates", "\"John James (U.S. Senate candidate)\"\nDonald Trump on July 27, 2018, just 11 days before the GOP primary. James won the GOP nomination to face Stabenow, defeating Pensler, taking 55 percent of the vote compared to Pensler's 45 percent. On November 6, 2018, he was defeated by incumbent Debbie Stabenow by a margin of 6.54%, becoming the first Republican Senate candidate in Michigan to come within 10 percentage points since Spencer Abraham lost reelection in 2000. Due to his strong showing against Stabenow, James is considered the favorite to win the GOP nomination to take on Michigan's other incumbent Democratic Senator, one-term Sen. Gary Peters", "\"2010 Minnesota elections\"\nheld control of the body since the end of the nonpartisan legislative era in 1973. All 134 seats in the Minnesota House of Representatives are up for election in 2010. The DFL currently holds 87 seats in the body, compared to 47 for the GOP. Republicans most recently held the House from 1999 through 2007. Many elections for county offices will also be held on November 2, 2010. 2010 Minnesota elections Elections were held in Minnesota on Tuesday, November 2, 2010. Primary elections took place on August 10, 2010. All eight seats in the United States House of Representatives are", "\"Donal C. Fox\"\nMark Anton. Anton faced a split among Essex Republican factions after just narrowly defeating Assembly Majority Leader William O. Barnes in the GOP Primary. Fox beat Anton by 7,809 votes out of more than 230,000 cast, a 51%-48% win. Fox won re-election to a second term in 1959, defeating Republican Alfred Clapp, who served in the State Senate from 1948 to 1953, when he resigned to become a Superior Court Judge. Clapp left the bench to help the GOP regain the Senate seat, but Fox won by 14,582 votes, a 51%-45% win. He did not seek re-election to a third", "\"Westchester County, New York\"\ncounty executive since Andrew O'Rourke left the post in 1997. In 2011, the GOP broke the Democratic two-thirds majority in the county legislature by picking up two seats. However, two of the Democrats formed a coalition with the Republicans to control the board, with a Republican becoming vice-chair. In 2017 Democrats gained three seats to take outright control of the board.The current composition is thirteen Democrats, three Republicans, and one Conservative who caucuses with the Republicans. Westchester County was the home of US Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, who occupied the Kykuit mansion near the hamlet of Pocantico Hills. The county", "\"History of conservatism in the United States\"\ntake control of Congress in 1910. Teddy Roosevelt, a hawk on foreign and military policy, moved increasingly to the Left on domestic issues regarding courts, unions, railroads, big business, labor unions and the welfare state. By 1910–11, Roosevelt had broken bitterly with Taft and the conservative wing of the GOP. In 1911–12 he took control of the insurgency, formed a third party, and ran an unsuccessful campaign for president on the Progressive Party ticket in 1912. His departure left the conservatives, led by President William Howard Taft, dominant in the Republican party until 1936. The split opened the way in", "\"2008 New York State Assembly election\"\nthe election. The 2008 Presidential election occurred on the same date as the general election. The election saw the Democrats take control of the State Senate and gain one seat in the State Assembly. However, they would relinquish control of the Senate to the GOP in June during a leadership crisis. 2008 New York State Assembly election The 2008 New York State Legislature Primary Elections took place on September 9, 2008 and the general election was held on November 4, 2008. All 150 members of the New York State Assembly and all 62 seats of the New York State Senate", "\"California Democratic Party\"\na net gain of four House seats by defeating three GOP incumbents and winning an open GOP seat and won a supermajority in both houses of the state legislature, a feat which the party last accomplished in 1882. Geographically, the 2012 elections also witnessed the California Democratic Party make inroads in traditionally Republican areas: San Diego, the second largest city in California and a longtime GOP stronghold, elected a Democratic mayor for the first time since 1988. California Democrats also notched up victories in other traditionally Republican areas such as the Inland Empire, Ventura County, the Central Valley, and Orange" ]

[ false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, true, false, false, true, false, false, true, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false ]