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US-71623224-A

Wrench Patented Nov. 24, 19 25. 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. ' JACOB M. TWEIT, F HOLCOMBE, WISCONSIN. WRENCH. Application filed May 27, 1924. Serial No. 716,232. a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled l in the art to which it appertains to make anduse the same. This'invention relates to wrenches, and has for one of its objects theprovision of a device of this character which shall include a handlethrough the medium of which the jaws may be easily and quickly adjustedto fit bolt heads and nuts of different sizes, and through the medium ofwhich the jaws may be constantly urged in the direction of each otherduring the turning of a bolt or nut so as to prevent any casual movementbetween the wrench and the part being turned. A further object of the invention is the provision of a wrench whereinthe jaws will be positively held against any relative axial or turningmovements. A still further object of the invention is the provision of a wrenchwhich may be used to hold a bolt against movement during the applicationof a nut thereto or the removal of the nut therefrom. With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in theconstruction, combination, and arrangement of parts hereinafter fullydescribed and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing,wherein: Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a wrench constructed inaccordance with my invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on a plane extending centrally andlongitudinally through the wrench, Fig. 3 is a detail sectional View taken on the plane indicated by theline 3-3 of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view taken on the plane indicated by theline H of Fig. 1 Fig. 5 is a detail Sectional view taken on the plane indicated by theline 55 of Fig. 2, and Fig. 6 is a detail view illustrating a slightly modified construction ofthe jaws of the wrench. I The wrench comprises a bar. 1 which is preferably of ellipticalformation in crosssectionand which is provided at one end-- with aninner or relatively stationary jaw 2. The bar 1 is provided with a boreexv tendingthroughout the entire length there of and having a portion 3ofelliptical formation in cross-section and a portions of cylindricalformation. The outer end of the cylindrical portion 4 ofthebore of thebar 1 is counterbored to provide a socket 5 in which the inner end of ahollow handle 6 l is rotatably mounted. A nut 7 is secured within theinner end of" the handle 6 by a screw 8 which due to its locationwithinthe socket 5 is held against accidental dis placement. I A shank 9 of elliptical formation in cross section is slidably mountedin the'bore of end with an outer or relatively movable jaw 10. The shank9 has a snug fit in the elliptical portion 3 of the bore of the bar 1 toprevent any relative lateral or rotary movements of the jaws 2 and 10.At its inner end, the shank 9 is provided with a "the bar 1, and it isprovided at its outer reduced threaded stem 11 which passes freelythrough a washer or abutment 12 secured by screws 13 within the socket 5inwardly of the inner end of the handle 6 and which passes through thenut 7 into the handle 6, the stem having screw-threaded engagement withthe nut. the cylindrical portion 1 of the bore of the A spring 14;, V whichsurrounds the stem 11, is mounted in rod 1 between the washer 12 and awasher 15 positioned upon thestem in contact with the inner end of theshank 9, and serves in conjunction with the handle 6 to prevent the jaws2 and 10 from having any casual relative axial movements. To prevent thestem 11 from being disconnected from the handle 6 during the outwardadjustment of the jaw 10, the stem is provided with a cotter-pin 16, ata point outwardly beyond the nut 7. Preferably, the jaw 10 is provided with a smooth active face 17 and thejaw 2 with a toothed active face 18, the toothed active face permittinga firm j grip to be secured upon a nut or head of a bolt. Both jaws 2and 10 are provided with flanges 19 which 9 are adapted to be insertedbeneath thehead of a round-headed bolt when it is desired to use thewrench tor-the purposeof holding the bolt against turning movement whileap plying a nut to or removing it from the bolt. The flanges 19 are located at corresponding sides of the jaws 2 and 10,and they extend beyond the active faces of the jaws, and their innersides are inclined vastshown in nutengaging jaws 2 and 10. The pipeengagingjaws-ZF and 10 are provided'with toothed-arcuate active facesEZO'endMQl, re- Speotively, F rem the foregoing description, taken no connection with theaccompanying draws ing,.it will be seen that the jaws are adapted tobed-adjusted through a-turning movement of the, handle. 6, and thatowing thereto the jaws. may be readily adjusted and constantly urgedinthe directionof each other while I i the wrench-1s 1111138. The spring li'tunctions to prevent casual inward movement of the aw 10 andcasualrotationofthe handle 6. The flanges 19 onthe jaws 2 and a 10 adaptthewrenoh toruse as a bolt holder, and when so used the flanges engage the inner side of the bolt head andthe jaws engagev thenlateral sides of thebolt head. Ifa-i'terbeingapplied to thehead of a bolt, thewrenchis moved into contact with thev part adapted to prevent itsrotation, both hands otthe operator will be left free to apply aanut toor remove it *from the bolt. It should be understood that the drawing is merely illustrative and doesnot pretend to give exact proportions. Furthermore, the said drawing isillustrative of a preferred construction, it being my expectation thatvariousehanges and modifications may be made without departing from thespirit and scope of my invention.v What is-claimed is A wrench comprising. a bar provided with a borehavingcircular and non-circular portions,-the outer end of the circularportion of thebore being enlarged to provide a socket, a shankofnon-circular formation in cross-section slidably mounted inthe bore andprovided fat its outer end with a jaw and at its inner end with areduced screwthreaded store, an abutment removably secured within thesocket, a spring located" within the bore between the shank andabutment, a hollow handle having ts nner end reinovably positioned inthe socket in contact with the abutment, anut threaded on the stem andlocated within the inner end of the handle, and a nut-receiving elementcarried by the handle and engaging the nut and located within thesocket. In testimony whereof I affix my signature, J AOOB M. TWEIT.

2024-03-22

1924-05-27

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-16136517-A

Machine for removing the flax-seed from the flax. EQVAN BRABANT. MACHINE FOR REMOVING THE FLAX SEED FROM THE FLAX; APPLICATION FILED APR.11. 19H. 1,28%525, Patented Dec.10, 1918. flu: lot-u arms 00.. rumumn. Iuulnmon. n a EIDOUARD VAN BRABANT, 0F MAIDA VALE, LONDON, ENG-LAND. MACHINE FOR REMOVING THE FLAX-SEED FROM THE FLAX. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 10, 1918. Application filed April 11, 1917. Serial No. 161,365. To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, EDoUARD VAN BRA- BANT, a citizen of the Republic ofFrance, and resident of Maida Vale, in the county of London, Kingdom ofEngland, have invented a certain new and useful Machine for Removing theFlax-Seed from the Flax, of which the following is a specification. This invention relates to an improved machine particularly adapted foruse in removing or extracting the seed from flax. The invention has for its object to provide a machine of simple andinexpensive construction which is manually operated and whereby the seedcan be easily, quickly and efiectively separated from the fibers, stemsor stalks of the flax. A suitable construction of the machine will now be described withreference to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a frontelevation of the machine; and Fig. 2 represents an end elevation of the same. The machine illustrated comprises a wooden or other stand a upon whichis rotatably mounted in suitable bearings a shaft 1; having a hand wheelor fly wheel a secured to one of its ends and a roller or drum (Z fixedon its other end. Disposed above the roller or drum d is a second andfreely mounted roller or drum 6 carried on one end of a second shaft fwhich is mounted on the stand. The roller 6 may be loosely mounted onthe shaft 7 and the latter be fixed on the stand, or said shaft may berotatably mounted and the said roller be fixed thereon. One or both ofthe shafts may be vertically adjustable in relation to the stand. To separate or extract the seed from the flax the latter is passed ordrawn through between the rollers or drums and the latter arrest thepassage of said seed and the husks and strip the same from the fibers,stems or stalks. The roller or drum (Z can be driven by turning the handwheel 0 while the lower ends of the stems or stalks of the flax areWorked between the two rollers 0r drums and pulled through them, thuscausing the roller 6 to also rotate, the weight of the wheel assistingthe action of the rollers or drums as the flax passes between them. What I claim is A machine for separating seed from flax, comprising aframe, a manually operable plain roller projecting beyond the frame andsecured on a shaft, and a second loosely mounted plain roller mounted onthe frame and projecting beyond the latter and disposed over themanually operated roller, the outer ends of the rollers beingunsupported and entrance to the gap at the'free ends of the rollersbeing unobstructed so that the flax can be inserted and drawn throughthe rollers by hand, the seed and husks being arrested from passingbetween the rollers by the action of the latter and thereby strippedfrom the stalks. In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name. ' EDOUARD VAN! BRABANT. Copies of this patent may be obtained for live cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of IPatents, \ Washington, D. C.

2024-03-22

1917-04-11

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-37355629-A

Shield attachment for claw bars July 21, 1931. J. w. PETERSEN ET AL 1,815,114 SHIELD ATTACHMENT FOR CLAW BARS Filed June 25, 1929 In ventom A tiorneyPatented July 21, 1931 STATES JOHN w. PETERSEN ANDEMERYrBEVABD,rongnsannnvlnnn; IOWA. SHIELD ATTACHMENT 130B. CL AVST BARS Application filed June 25, This invention relates to claw bars and has more particular reference toa shield for a claw bar, said shield being especially designed so as toprotect the user of the claw 5 bar from the danger of being struck bythe flying head of a spike, since as is very often the case, whenpulling a spike from a tie or the like with a claw bar, the head of thespike will fly off and injure the person operating the claw bar. Another very important object of the invention is to provide a shield ofthe above mentioned nature, which is very simple in construction, can beattached to any conven- 15 tional make of claw bar, will not interferein any way with the usual operation of the claw bar, is inexpensive, andis thoroughly reliable and practical in operation. Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparentduring a study of the following description, taken in connection withthe accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a claw r bar showing a practicalapplication of the invention. Figure 2 is a side view thereof. Figure 3 is a front elevation thereof. With reference more in detail to the drawings, it will be seen that 5designates generally a claw bar of conventional construction comprisingthe handle or shank 6, and claw head 7. As illustrated the shield ispreferably formed from a single piece of metal and consists of asubstantially rounded flat head portion 8, merging into a rearwardly andupwardly extending shank portion 9. The shank 9 is substantiallyU-shaped in formation being provided with the side web 10, said webtapering in width and merging into the head 8 of the shield. The head isfurther provided with a sight opening 11. In practice, the shield is pivotally connected or attached to the shank6 of the claw bar at the juncture of the shank and claw head 7, the webs10 of the shank being disposed one to each side of the shank 6 of theclaw bar, and a through as illustrated at 12, providing a pivot pin forthe shield. Thus it will be single bolt passed there- 192a Seriahli'o.37,73,556. seen that.in normah positions the head 8 of the shield is adapted torest on the claw of the bar, in such a manner as not to interfere withthe claw, the shield being at the same time permitted to raise upwardlyfromthe claw, so that the shank of a bolt may be gripped by the claw inthe usual manner, in which case the shield will cover the head of the bolt. This being thecase, it will be seen that when a pull or pressure is exerted 0 upon theclaw bar for pulling a spike out of a rail ply or the like, should theend of the spike become broken off, the head will be prevented fromflying oif and injuring the one operating the bar, since it is ap parentthat the broken head of the spike will first strike against the shieldso that even if the force is enough to raise the shield, the same willonly be raised a suitable height, since it is apparent that the shank 9of the shield will strike against the shank of the claw bar, as forexample to a position shown in Figure 1. Thus, the force of the flyinghead will be arrested, since the same will merely strike the shield andthen fall harm lessly to one side. The plate 11 formed in the shieldwill of course permit the user to see the head of the spike and thus theshield will in no way interfere with the operator from gripping thespike in the usual" manner. From the foregoing then, it will be seen that we have provided athoroughly practical and efficient shield for use with claw bars andwhich will be found to be thor' oughly practical and reliable in use andotherwise well adapted for the purpose designed. Even though we have herein shown and described the preferred embodimentof the invention, it is to be understood that the same is susceptible tochanges fully comprehended by the spirit of the invention and the scopeof the appended claim. What is claimed is: v a A shield for claw bars, comprising a body formed from a single blank ofmaterial and including a relatively large head portion merging into arelatively narrow elongated shank portion extending upwardly andoutwardly from said head portion, said shank portion being substantiallyinverted U- shaped in cross section and adapted to receive between thesides thereof adjacent the free end of the shank, the handle portion ofa claw bar and a pivot bolt extending thru the sides of said shankportion and an adjacent portion of the claw bar for pivotally supportingsaid shield in operative position with respect to the claw of said clawbar, and the head portion of said shield remote from said shank providedwith a sight opening. tures. JOHN W. PETERSEN. EMERY BEVARD. In testimony whereof we afiix our signa-

2024-03-22

1929-06-25

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-205091D-A

Improvement in lap-links M. HOWARD. Lap-Link. No. 205,091. Patented June 18, 18 78. Attorneys N. PETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRIPNER WASHINGTON. D. C, UNITED STATES PATENT OE'EIoE. I MATTHEW HOWARD, OF PARIS, KENTUCKY. IMPROVEMENT IN LAP-LINKS. Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 205,091, dated June 18,1878; application filed May 15, 1878. To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, MATTHEW HOWARD, of Paris, in the county of Bourbon,and in the State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Lap-Links; and do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,making a part of this specification. The nature of my invention consists in the peculiar construction of anopen link, with spring secured thereto for closing the opening in thelink, the peculiarities of which will be hereinafter described. To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to de scribe its construction and operation. In the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, Figure1 is a section, and Fig. 2 an edge View, showing the spring. In the figures, A represents the link of a chain, which has an openingcut in one side sufficient to receive anotherlink, or the article towhich it is to be connected. This opening is covered by a spring, B. Oneend of the spring is let just its depth into one end of the link, and isthere securely riveted. The other end of the spring lies under the otherend ofthe link, the link being slightly notched, and the spring being sufficiently tapered, so that when it pressesagainst the link it will be flush, and a smooth surface will be formedon the inside of the link, and this at both ends of the spring. The end of the link projecting over the loose end of the link is sobeveled from the end of the spring, as seen at an, outwardly andupwardly, that a space is left between them for the purpose of morereadily entering the ring to which it is to be connected. This link maybe used for the purpose of connecting broken chains, or for a snap-hookor other similar purposes. Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is The open link A, having its end beveled at w, in combination with aspring, a, one end of which is riveted in a recess in the inner side ofthe ring, and both ends of which are flush with the inner surface of thelink, as and for the purpose set forth. In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this11th day of

2024-03-22

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-78523747-A

Heat control device Sept. 12, 1950 c..c. PRINCE HEAT con'mor. DEVICE Filed Nov, 12, 1947 .Re6 00 8 1 i 3. r w. .p e HG. Z 4/ r w 2% a 2 C 6 8 1 02 2 3 d, a fi ZATTCJ R N EYS Patented Sept. 12, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE2,522,464 HEAT CONTROL DEVICE Charles 0. Prince, Raleigh, N. '0.Application November 12, 1947, Serial No. 785,237 My present invention relates to an improved thermostatic oil flowcontrol of the type especially adapted for use with space heaters and soar- 1 Claim. (Cl. 236-459) ranged as to automatically cut off the flowof oil 4 of the conventional oil flow valve reaches a predeterbyactuation when the room temperature mined point. .A more even control of the burner operation and resultant maintenanceof room temperature will bring about a saving in oil and also a morecomfortable temperature in the air of the room. In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated one complete example ofthe physical embodiment of my invention according to the best mode Ihave thus far devised but it will be understood that various changes andalterations may be made in the exemplified structure within the scope ofthe appended claim. In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a top plan view of the device of my invention as used inconnection with an oil flow valve assembly. Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of my device. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view. Fig. 4 is a front elevational view. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view at line 5--5 of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view at line 6-6 of Fig. 5. Referring now to the drawings I have illustrated the present preferredembodiment of the structure of my invention as used with a conventionalvalve casing having a cover 2 and an oil tube fitting 4 and providedwith a valve stem actuator 6. In my invention I employ an open bottom housing having a rear wall 8 andfront wall I0 formed with an aperture ll therein, and end walls [2 withcover l4. A rearwardly extending flange I6 is normally secured by screws l8 to thevalve casing, and within the housing I utilize a transverse bar 20journaled in the walls of the housing and secured thereto rigidly is thethermostat arm 22 connected with the thermostat 24 of the bellows type.An actuator arm 26 abuts the thermostat and is positioned in the path ofits expansive movement at 28. A pivoted support bar 30 supports theactuator arm and its valve contact arm and is journaled at 32 in the endwalls of the housing. A control bar 34 has a central U-crank 36 located under the thermostatarm 22 and the control bar is journaled at 38 in the end walls of thehousing. A cotter pin 48 secures the free end of the bar in position andthe other end has a control arm 42 formed with an inturned end 44movable under the indicia plate 46 on the exterior of one side wall ofthe housing. The inturned end 44 frictionally engages the side wall ofthe housing to retain the arm in the desired position after it has beenmoved to agree with the indicia plate 46. Thus if the control arm 42 isturned to move the thermostat closer to the arm 26 or further from thearm 26 the thermostat 24 will be caused to operate at a lower or highertemperature. With the control bar set at the desired position to regulate the minimumtemperature to be maintained, the thermostat will expand under any risein temperature to rock the actuator arm and depress the valve contactarm to close the valve of the casing and shut off the supply of oil tothe burner. As the temperature declines and the thermostat contracts thecontact arm will raise allowing the oil to pass. By this simple construction the desired constant temperature may bemaintained on any conventional type of space heater, and being simple inoperation and requiring no electrical connections may be installed andmaintained by the most inexperienced person. Having thus fully described my invention what I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is: In a control for use with an oil flow valve for space heaters having avalve stem actuator and said control having a box-like housing providedwith an open bottomadapted to receive the oil flow valve the improvementcomprising, a bar journalled in the housing transversely thereof, a heatresponsive element in the housing, an arm on one side of the elementrigid with the bar, ' an actuator arm within the housing abutting the element on theopposite side thereof, a pivoted support bar journalled transversely ofthe housing below but parallel to said first bar, and said support barbeing secured to and supporting said actuator arm, a control barjournalled transversely of the housing intermediate of and parallel withthe two first said bars, a central U-shaped crank in said control baradapted to abut the armon the element, a control arm on the outer end ofsaid control bar, adapted to coincide with indicia placed on the outsideof said housing, I whereby when said control arm is adjusted in relation to said indiciathe crank in said control bar will engage the arm on said element toregulate the control of said oil flow valve. CHARLES C. PRINCE. REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent: UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,712,841 Powers et al May 14,1929 1,720,522 Ludwick July 9, 1929 1,873,124 Hill Aug. 23, 19322,120,669 Hill June 14, 1938 2,406,088 Martin Aug. 20, 1946 2,440,942Gilbert May 4, 1948

2024-03-22

1947-11-12

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-1901060788-A

Apparatus for the manufacture of artificial stone. ' No. 702,523." Patented lune l7, I902. F; MARX. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ABTIFIGIAL STONE. (Application filed May 17, 1901.) v zzvezizfon n: Noam: PETERS co momurna, \msummon n c tion in theaccompanying drawing'. UNITED- STATES] PATENT GFFICE. FRIEDRICH MARX, OF LEIPSIC, GERMANY. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE. SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent N 0. 702,573, dated June 17,1902. Application filed May 17, 1901. Serial No. 60,788. (No model.) T0 alt whom it may concern.- Be 1t known that I, FRIEDRICH MARX, manufacturer, a subject of theKingof Saxony, and a resident of No. 28 Berlinerstrasse, Lei psic, in the Kingdom of Saxonyand Empire of Germany, have-inventedce'rtain newand useful Improvementsin Apparatus for the Manufacture of Artificial Stone, of whichthe'following is a specification. This invention relates to an apparatus for .the manufacture ofartificial stone free from pores and unassailable by moisture or atmospheric influences and which'does not break or shrink and on account ofits dense and uniform consistency is particularly adapted for use forlithographic purposes, as it is'at least quite equal and 'incertainrespects superior to natural lithographic stones. An apparatus for thejfmanufacture of artificial stone of thisdescription is shown in sec- The same consists, essentially, of a mixingdevice a in the form of a cylinder which can be closed hermetically.Above the cylinder is arranged a funnel I), under which is an opening 0in the cylinder for the introduction of the material. 7 Upon theopposite side to this opening 0 is another opening in the cylinder,leading to the union d, which can be closed by a stop-cock. Within thecylinder are the mixing-balls for mixing and further grinding of thealready-ground materiahjwhile above this union is a guardor sieve e' toprevent the falling out ofthe said balls duringthe discharge of theliquid mass. Above this mixing device is a vessel f, which is soconnected to the mixing-drum a as to be easilydetached and which servesto receive a lye of magn'esium chlorid for' the purpose of saturatingthe ground material in-the'mixing-d-rum." This lye must beconducted from the vessel f to the mixing-drum a throughthe said connecting-tube g without air being carried with the liquid. Beneath the mixing-drum Ct is a mold-box for the reception of'thematerial, and in conformity with the entire manufacture of the stone,which takesplace ifl'oacuo, the said material must reach the mold-box inmono. To efiect this, the said mold-box is arranged in a casing 72,which can be closed hermetically by means of a cover 2' and Which beingmounted on rails can easily be moved away in a lateral direction. Atelescopic and movable pipe is attached tothe cover t for the purposeofeffecting an air-tight connection betweeuthe mixing-drum a and thecasing 71, thesaid'pipe lo 'being arranged'to'slide into the union d and attachedat that end. The form'ot marble or, if the consistency and quality of thefi'nishedpr'oductare not of very great moment, in the form of limestone,with an addition of burnt magnesite in a. proportion corresponding tothe desired quality and hardness of the'stone; further, two parts offinely-pulverized burnt magnesite and two parts of puremagnesium-chlorid lye of 25 to 30 Baum. varied within certain limits. This mixture can, however, be Commercial chlorid of magnesium cannot beused for this 1 process without further preparation, but itself or itsconcentrated solution must be sub- 'mitted to a purifying process.jplished by simply submitting the solution for ten to twelve days to theatmospheric air, whereby the'i'mpurities, particularly sodium This'isaccomchlorid, magnesium sulfate, ahdjother. salts, crystallizeout,jwhile clay and organicsubstances deposit on the bottom. Bythisoperation alladmixtures, amounting to about ten per cent. of the rawmaterial, are separated and the remaining solution of chlorid ofmagnesium can be considered as chemically pure. With the'aid of thematerial thus purified artificial stones can be produced which ofier aperfect resistance against the influence of air and do not undergo inthe course of time any change in their form. Moreover, such stones showsuch a uniformstructure that they can easily be polishedandused aslithographic stone, in 'whichcase theyhave many advantages over naturallithographic stones. If no great resistance toiweather and durability isrequired, unpurified or only slightly-purified materials can be used. The manufacturing process is here as follows: The desired quantity ofafinely-ground mixture in suitable proportions of calcium carbonate andmagnesite is introduced. through the funnel b and the opening 0 into thedrum a, whereupon after hermetically closing the drum the connection ismade between the latter and the injector, so that on the operation ofthe latter a vacuum is produced in the drum corresponding to a column ofwater of about thirteen feet. Hereby the air is drawn out of the poresof the powdered mixture, and consequently on moistening the powder themoisture will force its way into the pores, thereby preventing theformation of empty spaces or fissures in the finished stone. The supplyof chlorid of magnesium solution acting as moistening means from thereceiverf is effected by connecting the latter with the drum through theconnecting-pipe Whereupon after opening the stop-cocks the solution willbe drawn into the drum, and after disconnecting the pipe 9 an intimatemixture of the contents is effected by revolving the drum. If required,the drum can be exhausted once more to remove any traces of air from themixture. The connection between the drum and the casing h is theneffected by attaching the connecting-pipe 7a to the union d, the saidcasing containing the mold I and being hermetically closed by the cover'1'. Upon effecting a connection by a branch pipe to the injector m avacuum is also produced in the casing corresponding to a column of waterof about twenty-three feet; but in any case it should exceed the vacuumin the drum. The descent of the contents of the drum into the mold-frameZ takes place automatically after opening the stop-cocks in the union dand the connecting-pipe 7c. The very fluid and uniform mass completelydeprived of air spreads out in the mold-box l, which after detaching therespective connecting means and opening the cover 1' can be lifted outand then left until the solidification of the mass takes place. As soonas a fresh mold-box has been placed into the casing and the latterhermetically closed and again connected with the drum a fresh stonecaube produced. The solidification of the mass, owing to the action of thechemical combination of the substances employed, takes place under thedevelopment of a considerable temperature of say, 212 to 270 Fahrenheit,thereby facilitating the drying of the mass. Lastly, a rising of themass cannot, however, take place, as no air is shut Having now describedand ascertained the nature of myinvention and the manner of carrying thesameinto effect, be it known that what I consider novel, and desire toprotect by Letters Patent, is- In an improved apparatus for the manufacture of artificial stone free ofpores, from a mixture of burnt magnesite, calcium carbonate and a lye ofmagnesium chlorid as moistening means, from which latter the impuritieshave been removed by submitting to atmospheric air, whereby the saidimpurities settle down and, in consequence of the extraction of thesalts, a consistent and unvariable product is obtained, especiallysuitable for lithogra jihic stones, the combination of ahermetically-closable drum ct, mounted rotatably, containingmixing-balls and provided with moistening means f and g, an opening 0 inthe drum, a funnel b thereabove for the charge of the drum, ahermetically-closable mold-casing h containing a mold-box l and aconnecting-piece between the mixing-drum a and the casing it, thisconnecting-piece being provided with a telescopically-extending pipe7t", adapted to slide into the union d of the mixing-drum in such mannerthat the said drum a and the casing h become hermetically connected,whereby after exhaustion of the air, for instance by means of aninjector or the like, no more air can again enter through theconnecting-piece 7.1 and the production of the stone is effected inuncuo, essentially as and for the purpose set forth. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature in presence of twowitnesses. FRIEDRICH MARX. lVitnesses: Monitrz HORN, FRANZ MULLER.

2024-03-22

1901-05-17

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-1913796834-A

Circuit-breaker. H. S. BEAKES. CIRCUIT BREAKER. APPLICATION FILED OCT-23I 1913. 1,191,146. 1 Patented Jul ls, 1916. 2 SHEETS-SHEET I- Maynefizalle M y FIG. 2 I -Maynefjzafle [Z Z0 J) Z3 m v .1 J. z! wrrnzss: A mvzm'on I M A5 11 ZN CZ'% W 5 vflag H. s. BEAKES. CIRCUIT BREAKER. APPLICATION FILED OCT-23. I913. Patented July 18, 1916. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. FIG. 3 L Ma /zefiza He FIG. 4 Mayne/42a: WITNESSES INVENTOR rum MRI/s I-Irnu 0a.. FMOMITNO, vunmarom 04 a UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE. HOWARD S. BEAKES, 0F WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE UNIONSWITCH & SIGNAL COMPANY, OF SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OFPENNSYLVANIA. CIRCUIT-BREAKER. Application filed October 23, 1913. To It whom it may concern. Be it known that I, HOWARD S. BEAKES, a citizen of the United States,residing at NVilkinsbur-g, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCircuit-Breakers, of which the following is a specification. My invention relates to circuit breakers of the overload type, andparticularly to breakers of this type which are operated to open acircuit by a prolonged current above a given value but which are notoperated to open the circuit by a momentary surge of current above thegiven value or by a current of brief duration above the given value. One object of my invenion is the provision of a circuit breaker of thistype in which the operation by momentary surges of current or by currentof brief duration above the given value is prevented solely by'electricor electromagnetic means, thus avoiding the necessity for mechanical orpneumatic means for accomplishing this purpose. I will describe several forms of circuit breakers embodying myinvention, and will then point out the novel features thereof in claims. In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view showing in sideelevation a circuit breaker of the magnet-and-armature type andincluding one form of means embodying my invention for preventingoperation by momentary surges. Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 butshowing another form of means embodying my invention for preventingoperation by momentary surges or by current of brief duration above thegiven value. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but showing amodification of the means shown therein for preventing opera tion bymomentary surges or by current of brief duration above the given value.Fig. 4: is a view showing a circuit breaker of the solenoid and plungertype including one form of means embodying my invention for preventingoperation by momentary surges. Similar reference'characters refer to similar parts in each of theseveral views. Referring first to Fig. 1, the reference character 1 designates aU-shaped yoke of magnetizable material, usually soft iron, to the insidefaces of the legs of which are secured two magnet cores 2 and 3 respec-Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 18, 1916. Serial No. 796,834. tively, also of magnetizable material usually soft iron. An armature aof magnet izable material, usually soft iron, is pivoted to the yokeabout midway between the two legs as shown, and is adapted to movebetween pole-pieces 2 and 5 on the ends of the two magnet coresQ and 3.This armature is prevented from actual contact with either pole-piece byshort core pins 5 and 6 of non-magnetizable material to prevent stickingdue to residual magnetism. Pole-piece 3 is preferably shaped somewhat asshown, so that when the armature lies against this pole-piece the airgap between the two will have low reluctance. The armature is biased bysuitable means, as here shown by gravity, to the position shown in thedrawing, that is, to engagement with core pin 5 of core 3. Core 2 is provided with a winding 7 which forms part of a direct currentcircuit which the circuit breaker controls. The parts of the device areso proportioned that when the current in the circuit exceeds a certaingiven 'value, magnet 2 will be sufficiently powerful to raise armature 4unless this armature is held down by a force other than gravity. Onefeature of my invention is the provision of means controlled by currentin the circuit for exerting such another force on the armature during amomentary surge of current above the given value, but not during aprolonged current in excess of the given value, so that the armature 4Lwill not be raised by magnet 2 during a momentary surge of current abovethe given value. This means I will now describe. Magnet core 3 is provided with a winding 10 which is included in a localcircuit which is in inductive relation to the main or line circuit, sothat variations in value of the current in the main circuit will causecurrents in the circuit of winding 10. As here shown, this'inductiverelation is secured by placing a second winding 11 on core 2 andconnecting it in circuit with winding 10, the circuit between windings11 and 10 being completed by conductors 12 and 13. Since the linecircuit which feeds winding 7 carries direct current, it is obvious thatwhen the value of the current therein is constant, no current will beinduced in winding 11 and winding 10 will therefore not beenergized, somagnet 3 then exerts no force on armature 1-. But when the value of thecurrent in the line circuit varies, current will be induced in winding11 during the period of such variation, and magnet 23 will then beenergized and will exert force on armature 1. The operation of the parts of the device thus far described is asfollows: As long as the current in the line circuit is equal to or belowthe given value, magnet 2 is not strong enough to raise armature itagainst the force of gravity. Assume now that a momentary surge ofcurrent above the given value occurs in the circuit controlled by thebreaker; during the time the current is increasing in value, current inone direction is induced in winding 11, and while the line current is decreasing in value current in the other direction is induced in winding11, hence during the entire surge magnet 3 is energized and prevents thearmature 1 from being raised by magnet A comparatively small current inwinding is suiiicient to prevent armature 1- being raised by magnet 2even when the winding 7 of this magnet carries a comparatively heavycurrent, because of the relatively small air gap between the armatureand polepiece 3, and the relatively large air gap between the armatureand pole piece 2. Assume now that the current in the circuit controlledby the breaker rises above the given value and remains substantiallyconstant at a value above the given value. While the current is rising,induced current will flo as before in magnet winding 10 and the armature1 will be held down, but as soon as the line circuit current becomesconstant the induced current ceases so that magnet 3 no longer exerts aforce on the armature, and magnet 2 then raises the armature againstpole-piece 2. The armature t may be employed to control one or more contacts in anydesired manner. As here shown, a stationary carbon block 1 1 is mountedin a support 16 of insulating material fixed to the upper leg of theyoke 1, and another carbon block is carried by a spring 17 which ismounted in a block 18 of insulating material fixed to the lower leg ofthe yoke 1. The spring 17 tends to straighten itself out so that contact1l15 is open, but the spring may be held by suitable means in suchposition that this contact is closed. As here shown, this meanscomprises a latch 19 pivotally conn cted with the spring at point 21 andhav ing a shoulder 19 adapted to engage a. hook 2O fixed to the block18. This latch 19 may be kicked out of hooking engagement with hook by atoe at fixed to the armature 4, so that when the armature is raised itcauses contact 1115 to be opened. The spring 17 may be replaced to theclosed position by a handle Contact 1 l15 is included in the circuitcontrolled by the circuit breaker; in Fig. 1 I have indicated diagrammatically a circuit which may betraced as follows from battery 39 through a switch 38, a motor 37, wire9, winding 7, wire 8, contact 1 115, spring 17, wire to battery it isunderstood that this circuit is purely illustrative, and that a circuitbreaker embodying my invention is not limited to use in a circuit ofthis type. The circuit breaker shown in Fi 2 is substantially the same as thatshown in Fig. 1, except as 10 the windings of magnets :2 and 3.Referring to Fig. 2, the winding for magnet 3, which I have heredesignated 10. is formed of wire whose resistance increases with increase oftemperature; for example, it may be of iron wire, the resistance ofwhich at red heat is approximately three times its resistance when cold.This \Yilld. ing is energized from the line circuit in any suitablemanner, for example, as here shown by connecting it in shunt to thewinding 7 for magnet 2. The branch including winding 10" is from wire 8through wire 21, winding 10, wire 27 to wire 5). Winding 10 will thenalways carry current when current is flowing in the line circuit. Theparts of the apparatus are so proportioned that when the current in theline is below the given value at which it is desired that the circuitbreaker should operate, the current flowing in winding 10 is of suchvalue that the temperature of the wire in this winding is comparativelylow. The resistance of this winding is then comparatively low and thiswinding then takes a certain portion of the total current flowing in theline circuit, so that armature 1- is held down with considerable forceby magnet The portion of the current which then flows in winding 7 isinsuiiicient to cause magnet 2 to raise armature 1 against gravity andthe action of magnet 3. \Vhen, however, the current in the line circuitrises above the given value, and remains above this value for a definitelength of time. the temperature of the wire in winding 10 rises. Theresistance of winding 10 then increases so that winding 7 then carries alarger proportion of the total current than before, and the current inthis winding is then sullicient to cause magnet 2 to raise armature 1against gravity and against the action of magnet 3, thereby openingcontact 1-115. llut during a momentary surge of the line current abovethe given value there is not suilicient time for an appreciable rise oftemperature of winding 10, and the increased current in winding 7 is notsuilicient to raise armature hence the circuit breaker will not be opres Then, obviously, it will remain closed for a shorter length of timeon a current higher than this certain value, and for a longer length oftime on a lower current. The core pin which separates armature 4 frompolepiece 3, and which is designated by 5 in Fig. 2, is here shown asbeing comparatively long, for the reason that winding 10 is energizedwhen the circuit breaker should kick off, and if the air gap permittedby this core pin were too short the armature would be held down by eventhe small current then flowing in winding 10 It is understood that thecircuit breaker shown in Fig. 2 may be included in a circuit which issimilar to the circuit shown in Fig. 1. Referring now to Fig. 3, the circuit breaker here shown is similar tothat shown in Fig. 2, except that the lower magnet 3 is omitted, and acoil of iron wire 10 is connected in shunt to winding 7 by wires 24 and25. In this modification the armature 4 is held down by gravity only.The parts are so proportioned that when the current in the line circuitis below the given value at which it is desired that the circuit breakershould operate, the current then flowing in coil 10 is of such valuethat the temperature of the wire in this coil is comparatively low. Theresistance of this coil is then comparatively low, and it takes acertain proportion of the total current flowing in the line circuit; thebalance of the current, which flows in winding 7, is then insuflicientto raise armature 4. When, however, the line circuit current rises abovethe given value and remains above this value for a certain length oftime, the temperature and consequently the resistance of the coil 1Orise, so that the winding 7 then carries a larger proportion of thetotal current than before, and this current is sufficient to raisearmature 4. But during a momentary surge of the line current above thegiven value, there is not suflicient time for an appreciable rise oftemperature of coil 10*, so that the current in winding 7 is notsuliicient to raise arma ture 4 and the circuit breaker is therefore notoperated. As explained hereinbefore in connection with Fig. 1, the partsmay be so designed that the circuit breaker will remain closed for adefinite length of time when subjected to a current of a certain valueabove the given value. This circuit breaker may be included in a circuitwhich is similar to that shown in Fig. 1. Referring now to Fig. 4, I have here shown a circuit breaker of thesolenoid and plunger type embodying my invention. This circuit breaker,in the form here shown, comprises a rectangular frame 26 of magnetizablematerial, preferably soft iron, provided with a cross-piece 27 ofsimilar ma terial. The upper part of the frame 26 is provided with athreaded hole 26 into which is screwed a core 28 of magnetizablematerial, also preferably soft iron, which core is held in place by anut 28. The core 28 is provided with a central longitudinal hole 31through which freely passes a stem 30 of non-magnetizable material suchas brass, the lower end of which screws into a plunger 29 ofmagnetizable material, usually soft iron. This plunger passes freelythrough a hole 27* in the cross-piece 27, so it will be seen that theplunger 29 and stem 30 are free to reciprocate in a vertical path, beingguided by the hole in the core 28 and the hole in crosspiece 27. Thedownward movement of the plunger is limited by a stop comprising a pinof non-magnetizable material screwed into the bottom of the frame 26 andlocked by a nut 32 the upward movement is, of course, limited by theengagement of the plunger with the core 28. The core is provided withcorepins 33 of non-magnetizable material to prevent actual contact ofthe core with the plunger. 7 is a solenoid winding which surrounds thecore 28 and a portion of the plunger 29, and which forms part of adirect current circuit controlled by the circuit breaker. The parts ofthe device are so proportioned that when the current in the circuitexceeds a given value, solenoid 7 is sufiiciently energized to raise theplunger 29 unless the plunger is held down by some force other thangravity. As here shown, the means for holding the plunger down duringmomentary surges of current above the given value is substantially thesame as the means shown in Fig. 1; that is, I provide a winding 10 inthe form of a solenoid surrounding the plunger 29, which winding is inseries with a winding 11 which latter is in inductive relation to theoperating winding 7. The operation of the parts of the breaker thus fardescribed is substantially the same as the operation of the form shownin Fig. 1. That is, during a momentary surge of current in the circuitcontrolled by the breaker, current is induced in winding 11, and thecurrent which consequently flows in solenoid 10 exerts sufiicientinfluence on the plunger 29 to prevent the latter being raised bysolenoid 7. \Vhen. however, the current in the circuit controlled by thebreaker remains substantially constant at a value higher than the givenvalue, no current flows in solenoid 10, so that solenoid 7 is theneffective to raise plunger 29. The plunger 29 may be employed to controlone or more con tacts in any desired manner. As here shown, a spring 17is mounted in a block 33 of insulating material secured to the frame 26,and this spring is included in the circuit controlled by the breaker inthe same man ner as in the preceding Views. In Fig. 4 the spring isprovided with a hook 34 which coacts with a latch 35 pivoted in theblock The upper end of stem 30 carries a head 36 of insulating material,which, when the plunger is raised, strikes the latch 35 and so releasesthe spring 17. The circuits {or the solenoid winding 7 and for the retarding winding 10 are the same as those shown in Fig. 1 andhereinbefore explained. This circuit breaker may be included in acircuit which is similar to the circuit shown in Fig. 1. Circuit breakers embodying my inven tion are adapted for the protectionof any circuit wherein it is desired that the circuit should be openedwhen the current is pro longed above a given value for an appreciablelength of time, but wherein a mo mentary surge of current above thegiven value will cause no harm so that it is undesirable that thecircuit should be opened by such a surge. They are, for example,particularly well adapted for the protection of motor circuits. Thecurrent drawn by a motor while starting is considerably in excess ofthat which is drawn after the motor is in operation, but this excess ofcurrent is only a momentary surge and does no harm to the motor or otherparts of the circuit; it, however, the motor is stalled or operates tooslowly and the circuit is not opened. the prolonged excessive currentwill injure the motor or other parts of the circuit. lVhen a circuitbreaker embodying my invention is used to protect a circuit of thischaracter it is adjusted to operate on a prolonged current slightly inexcess of ti it drawn by the motor when operating on full load. Then ifthe motor is stalled or operates too slowly, the circuit breaker will beoperated by the prolonged excessive current, but the circuit breakerwill not be operated by the momentary surge of current while the motoris being started. Circuit breakers embodying my invention are also well adapted for use incircuits for the propulsion current for electric railways, in which casethe circuit breaker is usually adjusted to operate when the currentexceeds a safe maximum value. There are times when this maximum value isexceeded for a short period of time, such, for example, as when a largenumber of cars or trains are started at once. and it this period of timeis not too long the excessive current will do no harm. Circuit breakersembodying my invention can be adjusted to remain closed during a shortperiod of such excessive current, but to open it the excessive currentis prolonged tor a suiiicient length of time to be harmful. Although I have herein shown and described only a few forms of circuitbreakers embodying my invention, it is understood that various changesand modifications may be made therein within the scope of the appendedclaims without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. Having thus described my invention, what I claim is: 1. In combination, an electric circuit; and a circuit breaker comprisinga winding e11- ergized from said circuit, a member adapted to be movedby said winding when the current in the circuit exceeds a given value, asecond winding adapted to prevent movement of said member by the firstwinding, means controlled by current in said circuit and responsive tomtm'ientary surges of said current above the given value for energizingsaid second winding, and a contact controlled by said member forcontrolling said circuit. In combination, a circuit carrying direct current; and a circuit breakercom prising a winding included in said circuit, a member adapted to bemoved by said winding when the current in the circuit exceeds a givenvalue, a second winding adapted to prevent movement of said member bythe first winding, means for energizing said second winding inductivelyfrom said circuit whereby the second winding will be energized by amomentary surge of current above the given value in the circuit and willprevent movement ot the member by such. surge, but whereby the second winding will not be energized by a.constant current in excess of said value and will therefore not preventmovement of the member by such constant current, and a contactcontrolled by said member for controlling said circuit. 3. A circuit breaker comprising a winding, a member adapted to beoperated by said winding when the current in the winding exceeds a givenvalue, a second winding tion to the first winding, and a contactcontrolled by said member. l. A circuit breaker com 'irising an electromagnet having two windings,means for energizmg one o't said windlngs with di rect current, anarmature adapted to be on erated by said magnet when the current in thesaid energized winding exceeds a given value, a second electromagnetadapted to prevent operation of the aru'iature by the first-mentionedmagnet, the winding of the second magnet being connected with theremaining winding of the first magnet, and a contact controlled by saidarmature. 5. In combination, an. electric circuit, a movable member, meanscontrolled by current above a given value in said circuit for and acontact controlled by said member for opening said circuit. 6. In combination, an electric circuit, a movable member, meanscontrolled by current above a given value in said circuit for movingsaid member in one direction, means responsive to a momentary surge ofcurrent in said circuit above said given value but not responsive to acurrent of constant value regardless of such value for exerting a forceon said member in the opposite direction to prevent its movement, and acontact controlled by said member for opening said circuit. 7 In combination, an electric circuit; and a circuit breaker comprisinga Winding energized from said circuit, a member adapted to be moved bysaid Winding When the current in the circuit exceeds a given value, asecond Winding adapted to prevent movement of said member by the firstWinding, means controlled by current in said circuit and responsive to momentarysurges of said current for energizing said second Winding, and a contactcontrolled by said member for controlling said circuit. 8. In combination, an electric circuit, a movable member, meanscontrolled by current above a given value in said circuit for movingsaid member in one direction, means responsive to a momentary surge ofcurrent in said circuit for exerting a force on said member in theopposite direction to prevent its movement, and a contact controlled bysaid member for opening said circuit. In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two Witnesses. HOWARD S. BEAKES. Witnesses: A.- HERMAN VVEGNER, R. L. KISTLER. Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

2024-03-22

1913-10-23

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-2281415-A

Planting-pot. G.B.souTHARD. l PLANUNG PoT. vMPLICATlON FILED APR.2I| 1915. Patented Oct. 3, 1916. UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIcE. GEORGE B. SOUTHARD, OF REDLANDS, CALIFORNIA, .AS-SIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TONETTIE N. CHILDS AND ONE-FOURTH TO THERESA A. NYE, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. PLANTING-POT. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Oct. 3, 1916. Application iled April 21, 1915. Serial No. 22,814. - construction and the object of the invention is to provide areceptacle in which soil may be placed and seeds planted in said soiland' allowed to germinate and sprout, or'whereby cuttings may be placedtherein and allowed to sprout, after which the plant may be transplantedby placing the receptacle in the earth without removing the planttherefrom. c It has been the common practice to germinate seeds andstart cuttings by placing soil in earthenware pots, and the seeds orcuttings in the soil. tured suiiiciently it is removed by lifting itwith the soil from the pot. This causes a disturbance of the soil andthe roots, and also frequently injures the latter. Pot constructions have been ymadewhich consist of a pot formed of flexible material, one wall thereofhaving' a slit whereby the wall may be opened and unrolled from theplant, thus only slightly disturbing the soil and decreasing anypossible injury to the root. rlhe soil in many cases is of such a naturethat it vwill not cling to the roots when removed from the pot, andfalls away, exposing the roots so that they are subject to injury andresulting in arresting the growth of the plant when it is transplantedfrom the pot to the soil. In many cases delicate plants are killedduring the transplanting. Growing plants throw out shoots which seeknourishment, and when a pot containing a plant is placed in the ground,the roots will tend to pass through the walls of the pot to the outsidesoil, while if the pot is not placed in the soil, the roots do not tendto pass through. My invention relates to a pot which is constructed of a material such aspaper which will disintegrate, and which has formed in the walls thereofrecesses so that the roots of the plant when the pot is placed in theground will work through the walls of the pot with substantially noresistance, and will enter the surrounding soil, taking root When theplant has ma-v therein. The growth of the plant while in the pot is notretarded, the incisions or recesses providing means through which aircan enter, thereby aerating the soil and preventing vsumpy soil, whichoften results in s1ck plants. I attain these objects by the embodimentsof my invention illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which: Figure 1 is a development of the cylindrical wall of a pot havingrecesses therein. Fig. , 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a plant 1n a pot, ready fortransplanting to the ground. Fig. i is an elevation of the pot and planttransplanted to the ground, with the roots extending through the walls. I have shown a pot 7 of cylindrical form, although the shape of the potis not a feature of my invention. The cylindrical wall 8 is formed of amaterial such as paper which will eventually disintegrate when placed inthe ground. Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the cylindrical wall 8 has recesses 9 provided in its surface, therebyproviding a portion of the wall with relatively weak parts, throughwhich the plant roots will penetrate soon after the pot is placed in theground. When planted in the ground the thin weak portions of the wall atthe recesses 9 will disintegrate first and will before disintegrationoffer less resistance to the passage of roots than the thicker portionsof the wall. With such a pot construction the soil may be placed in thepot, the seed placed therein and allowed to germinate, or cuttings mayalso be placed in the pot and allowed to sprout, the roots confiningthemselves to the pot. After the plant has matured so that it may betransplanted to the soil, a hole 1l is dug and the pot with the planttransferred thereto. The soil is then packed around the pot. As theplant grows, the roots seek the nourishment of the soil outside of thepot, and work through the weakened portions of the wall, formed by therecesses, and extend outward. The pot eventually disintegrates and in noway interferes with the growth of the plant. It is obvious that thismethod of transplanting has the advantage of providing a relativelyrigid receptacle for containing the soil and roots during the earlygrowth of the plant, and that upon transplanting, there isno disturbaneeof the roots or soil and vno interproviding weakened portions which willference with or arrest of growth of the permit the penetration of rootsof plants l0 plant. placed therein before disintegration of the Vhnt Iclaim is: Walls. 5 A planting pot, comprising a pot formed In Witness that I claim theforegoing I with walls of material which Will disinhave hereuntosubscribedmy name this 26th tegrate on being transferred to the ground,day of March, 1915. and having recesses formed therein, thereby GEORGEB. SOUTHARD.

2024-03-22

1915-04-21

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-3510145D-A

Golf club carrier y 1970 H. P. YOKERS I 3,510,145 GOLF CLUB CARRIER Filed April 8. 1968 75? PM 1Q al/W211, Qzfforrzz] United States Patent 3,510,145 GOLF CLUB CARRIER Henry P.Yokers, Menomonee Falls, Wis., assignor to Sit N Rest Golf, Inc.,Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Filed Apr. 8, 1968, Ser. No.719,323 Int. Cl. A63b 55/08 US. Cl. 280-4719 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THEDISCLOSURE A golf club carrier comprising a substantially rectangularframe member having a pair of wheel assemblies mounted thereon whichextend toward the rear of the carrier. A club receiving container ispermanently mounted on the frame and extends toward the rear thereof.The container is comprised of a, golf iron receiving compartment in therear portion thereof and a storage compartment (for jackets, shoes,balls, etc.) in the front portion thereof. The golf iron compartment isadapted to receive golf irons therein with the heads thereof supportedat the bottom of the compartment and with the shafts extending outwardlyfrom the open top of the compartment to permit easy removal andinsertion thereof. The frame member has an offset portion at the lowerend thereof which provides a space for mounting a plurality of golf woodsupporting pockets which are fastened to the bottom panel of the storagecompartment. The golf wood pockets extend downwardly and rearwardlyunder the container and are adapted to receive the heads of golf Woodswith the toes thereof pointed downwardly and rearwardly with respect tothe container. With the wood heads tucked under the container, theadjacent frame portions provide a protective bumper to prevent dentingand scratching of the wood club heads. The heads of the woods and ironsare positioned below the level of the center points of the wheels toprovide a low center of gravity for improved stability both when thecarrier is at rest as well as when it is being pulled along the groundin use. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention This inventionrelates to golf club carriers and more particularly to a golf clubcarrier wherein the containing and supporting means for the golf clubsis permanently mounted on the carrier. Description of the prior art The most pertinent prior art known to theapplicant are US. Pat. 2,858,140 and 2,985,462. In the prior art patentsreferred to, the golf woods are mounted on the front portion of thecarrier just as in the present application. However, in the prior artthe wood clubs are supported in pockets fastened to the front portionsof the club container which pockets extend forwardly from the supportingframe and are adapted to receive the golf woods with the toes thereofextending forwardly of the frame thus placing them in a somewhatvulnerable position from the standpoint of possible damage. In thepresent invention, the frame member is specially designed to provide aprotected offset area in which .golf wood receiving pockets are mountedin a position whereby the golf wood heads are supported with the toesthereof pointed downwardly into the protected offset space provided bythe frame. As so positioned, the golf woods are not only betterprotected than in the prior art but in addition provide a compactprofile, a lower center of gravity and an improved arrangement forinsertion and removal thereof. 3,510,145 Patented May 5, 1970 r' Ice SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A golfclub carrier comprising a frame member of substantially rectangularconfiguration having an offset portion at the lower end thereof and apair of wheel assemblies mounted on the frame and positioned rearwardlythereof. A golf club container is permanently mounted on the frame andpositioned rearwardly thereof. The container has a compartment forreceiving golf irons and a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted on thelower front portion thereof which extend downwardly and rearwardly intothe space formed by the offset portion of the frame. The pockets areadapted to receive the heads of golf woods with the toes thereof pointeddownwardly and rearwardly with respect to the container. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a golfclub carrier embodying my invention; FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of the carrier shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation view of the carrier with partsbroken away; and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 44 of FIG. 2. Referring to the drawings, the carrier is comprised of a tubular framemember 10, a handle 12, a club container 14 and a pair of wheelassemblies 16, 16. Frame member 10 is of substantially rectangular configuration and ispreferably of tubular steel construction. The configuration of the lowerportion of the frame 10 and its relationship to the construction ofcarrier 14- is of particular importance. As most clearly shown in FIGS.2 and 3, frame 10 is comprised of parallel side members 17, 17,rearwardly and downwardly angling offsetting portions 18, 18 andforwardly and downwardly angling wheel mounting portions 20, 20 whichare interconnected by a horizontally extending foot portion 22. Wheel assemblies 16 are comprised of wheels 24 rotatably mounted onresilient struts 26 which, in turn, are mounted on portions 20, 20 offrame 10 by means of cylindrical housing members 28 adapted to rotatablyreceive the ends of struts 26. As shown in FIG. 2, frame portions 20 arebowed outwardly at their point of attachment to housing members 28. Thewheel assemblies described above are constructed to permit each wheel tobe folded from its operating position as shown in the drawings to afolded position for storage (as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 1). Thedetails of construction and operation of such a folding wheelarrangement are disclosed in the previously identified US. Pat. No.2,785,462 and will thus not be described herein. The carrier is provided with a handle 12 fastened to frame 10 forpulling the carrier over the ground on wheels 24. While handle 12 can beof any suitable design, one handle design which is specially adapted foruse on the carrier disclosed herein is shown and described in detail inUS. Pat. No. 3,142,087. Club container 14 is preferably constructed of a durable and flexiblematerial such as vinyl plastic and is designed to provide a golf ironcompartment 30, a storage compartment 32 (for shoes, jackets, etc.) anda plurality of golf wood head compartments or pockets 34. The clubcontainer 14 is of bag-like configuration having a sub stantiallyrectangular cross section and an open top. The container is comprised offront panel 36, a rear panel 38 and a pair of side panels 40, 40. Thecontainer is positioned rearwardly of frame 10 between the frame andwheels 24 with the front panel 36 of the container lying in contact withparallel side members 17, 17 of the frame as clearly shown in FIGS. 1and 2. The container 14 is supported on the frame in any suitable mannersuch as by brackets 42, 42 (welded to the frame) and a horizontallyextending support rod 44 mounted on said brackets (FIG. 4). Container 14 is provided with a centrally located partition 46 extendingbetween side panels 40, 40 which divide the container into the ironcompartment 30 and the storage compartment 32. The iron Compartment isprovided with a plurality of additional partitions 48 extending betweenrear panel 38 and main partition 46 as clearly shown in FIG. 4.Partitions 48 serve to divide the iron compartment into a plurality ofseparate smaller compartments each adapted to receive a single golf iron56 therein. The irons are supported in the iron compartment 30 by anysuitable means such as rods 50, 52 and 54 mounted between the lower endsof side panels 40 as clearly shown in FIG. 3. Also, as shown in FIG, 3,each iron 56 is positioned in compartment 30 with the head 58 of theclub pointed towards the front of the carrier, and with the bottom edgeof the iron head and the shaft 60 of the iron lying in contact with oneor more of the rods 50, 52, 54 and the rear panel 38, respectively. Thehandle portion 62 of each iron shaft protrudes upwardly out of the onetop of the container 14 (FIG. 1) to facilitate easy insertion andremoval thereof. Storage compartment 32 is formed by front panel 36, main partition 46,the front portions of side panels 40 and a bottom panel 64. The top ofthe storage compartment is open. A zipper 66 is provided in front panel36 to facilitate access to the storage compartment. The bottom panel 64of the storage compartment is positioned at an angle with the horizontaland extends parallel to and adjacent with the lower edges of off-settingportions 18, 18 of frame as most clearly shown in FIG. 3. An additionalball storage pocket 68 is provided in compartment 32 as shown in FIG. 3. The wood clubs 70 (or woods) are supported on the carrier by fourpockets 34 fastened to the bottom panel 64 of the storage compartment32. Pockets 34 angle downwardly and rearwardly into the space providedby the angled portions 18 and 20 of the frame. The pockets thuspositioned are adapted to receive the heads 72 of the woods with thetoes thereof pointed downwardly as clearly shown in FIG. 3. The shafts74 of woods 70 are securely and removably retained on the carrier by apair of flexible retaining member 76, 76 mounted on the upper portion ofthe frame by means of a pivotally mounted bracket member 78. A detaileddescription of the construction and operation of the shaft retainingmeans is found in US. Pat. 2,985,462 and thus will not be repeated here.As explained in detail in such patent, bracket 78 is adapted for pivotalmovement of the frame to facilitate access to storage compartment 32. The above-described wood mounting arrangement provides several importantadvantages. With the wood heads tucked under the container 14, the frameportions 18 and 20 provide a protective bumper to prevent denting andscratching of the wood club heads, The heads of the woods (and theirons) are positioned below the level of the center points of wheels 24as represented by line 80. This arrangement provides a low center ofgravity for improved stability both when the carrier is at rest (as thedrawings) as well as when it is being pulled along the ground in use.Another feature which contributes to the carriers improved stability isthe relationship of wheels 24 to the frame 10 and container 14. Bymounting the wheels on the offset portions 20, 20 of the frame, thewheels can be positioned further to the rear of container 14 and themain side members 17, 17 of the frame without unduly lengthening thestruts 26. This improved relationship can be appreciated by noting thata vertical line 82 through the center of the wheels will pass to therear of all portions of the frame 10 as shown in FIG. 1. Anotheradvantage is that with the heads 72 of woods 70 tucked under thecontainer 14 the overall width of the carrier (with the wheels folded asdescribed in Pat. No. 2,- 4 985,462) will be only slightly greater than the width of container 14itself to thus provide a more compact profile for ease of storage.Furthermore, the golf woods can be inserted into and removed from thepockets 34 with greater case than was the case with previous designs. What is claimed is: 1. A golf club carrier comprising: a frame member of substantially rectangular configuration; a pair of wheel assemblies mounted on said frame and positionedrearwardly thereof; a golf club container mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardlythereof, said container having a compartment for receiving golf ironstherein; and a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted at the lower front portion ofsaid container, said wood pockets extending downwardly and rearwardlybeneath said container, said pockets adapted to receive the head of agolf wood with the toe of the head pointed downwardly and rearwardlywith respect to the container; said frame member further characterized by having an offset portion atthe lower end thereof with said golf pockets extending downwardly andrearwardly into the space formed by said offset portion of said frame,said offset portion comprised of a pair of rearwardly and downwardlyextending tubular portions and a pair of forwardly and downwardlyextending tubular portions. 2. A golf club carrier according to claim 1 in which said wheelassemblies are comprised of a strut member and a Wheel rotatably mountedthereon, said struts mounted on said forwardly and downwardly extendingportions of said frame. 3. A golf club carrier comprising: a frame member of substantially rectangular configuration having anoffset portion at the lower end thereof; a pair of wheel assemblies mounted on said frame and positionedrearwardly thereof; a golf club carrier mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardlythereof, said container having a compartment for receiving golf irons inthe rear portion of the container, said container further characterizedby a storage compartment located in the front portion thereof, saidstorage compartment having a bottom panel positioned adjacent to andoverlapping the offset portion of the frame; a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted at the lower front portion ofthe storage compartment, said wood pockets extending downwardly andrearwardly beneath the bottom panel and offset portion of the frame ofsaid storage compartment, said pockets adapted to receive the head of agolf wood with the toe thereof pointed downwardly and rearwardly withrespect to the golf club container. 4. A golf club carrier according to claim 3 in which said wheelassemblies are comprised of a strut member and a wheel rotatably mountedthereon, said struts mounted on said offset portion of said frame. 5. A golf club carrier comprising: a frame member of substantially rectangular configuration having anoffset portion at the lower end thereof; a pair of Wheels mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardly thereofso that when said carrier is in its at rest position said frame willangle upwardly and rearwardly with respect to the ground; a golf club container mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardlythereof, said container having a compartment for receiving golf ironstherein with the heads of said irons positioned in the bottom of saidcompartment; and a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted at the lower front portion ofsaid container, said wood pockets overlapping said offset portion ofsaid frame and extending downwardly and rearwardly into the space formedby the offset portion of said frame, said pockets adapted to receive thehead of a golf wood with the toe of the head pointed downwardly andrearwardly with respect to the container. 6. A golf club container according to claim 5 in which the heads of thegolf woods and irons are positioned below the level of the center pointsof the wheels when said carrier is in its at rest position. 7. A golf club container according to claim 6 in which the relationshipbetween said wheels and said frame is such that a vertical line throughthe center of said wheels will pass to the rear of all portions of saidframe when said carrier is in its at rest position. 8. A golf club container according to claim 5 in which golf clubcontainer includes a storage compartment in the front portion thereofhaving a bottom panel to which said wood pockets are fastened. 9. A golf club carrier according to claim 5 in which said offset portionof said frame is comprised of a pair of rearwardly and downwardlyextending tubular portions and a pair of forwardly and downwardlyextending tubular portions connected by a horizontal portion which makescontact with the ground when said carrier is in its at rest position. 10. A golf club carrier according to claim 9 in which each of saidwheels are rotatably mounted on a strut memher, said strut membersmounted on said forwardly and downwardly extending portions of saidframe. 11. A golf club carrier comprising: a frame member having a pair of wheel assemblies mounted thereon andpositioned rearwardly thereof; a golf iron container mounted on said frame and positioned rearwardlythereof, said container adapted for receiving golf irons therein withthe heads of said irons positioned in the bottom of said container andwith the shafts of said irons extending upwardly out of said containerrearwardly of said frame member; a plurality of golf wood pockets mounted underneath the lower frontportion of said container, said wood pockets extending downwardly andrearwardly to receive the heads of golf Woods with the toes thereofpointed rearwardly and beneath the heads of the irons in said golf ironcontainer and with the shafts of the woods extending upwardly adjacentsaid frame member forwardly thereof; and a golf wood shaft retaining means mounted on the upper front portion ofsaid frame member for removably retaining the shafts of the golf woodswhen the heads thereof are positioned in said golf wood pockets. References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,480,597 8/ 1949 Nelson. 2,551,009 5/1951 Kaltenbach. 2,754,130 7/1956 Procter. 2,858,140 10/1958 Stamp. 2,985,462 5/ 1961 Stamp. LEO FRIAGLIA, Primary Examiner J. A. PEKAR, Assistant Examiner

2024-03-22

1968-04-08

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-46051930-A

Tube cutting and flaring machine March 1932. J. w RDO TUBE CUTTING AND FLARING MACHINE Filed June 11,1930 rllll illlilllll- /NVENTO/?. /OHN W GORDON. March 29, 1932. J. w. GORDON, TUBE; CUTT ING AND FLARING MACHINE Filed June 11, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2/N VE N TOR. JOHN W GORDON. ATTORNEY. Y 'J o HNtw. GORDON, or. DAYTON, ' g drelin elevation; Fig. 41: isa I '30 end of; the mandrel toshow thetrimming cutl beea lled mean end, v ing portion or standard '12 provided nearrits Patented Mar. '29, 1932 aoHmQAssIeNoR' 1 THE GORDON-DUNNAM 'TURINGMGQMPANY; or DAYTON; 01110, nconrone'rlon or"onto, f from 0mm AND r Rnve MACHINE I Application filed June 11, ' "This invention relates to a tube'cutting and flaring machine, and oneobject of the inven tionis' to'providea simple efiicient machine to cutor trim the ends of tubes and to flare thesame. j a ' AQfurther object of the invention is to pro-j vide such a machinehaving cutting and flari ing instrumentalltles arranged to actsuccessively upon a tube and of suchajcharacter s thatthe machine may beeasily and operatedfto complete the operation. V ' A furtherobjectof the'invention' is to pro-' vide such a machinewithva flaring device which will impart to the end of the tube a Ismooth uniform flare freefrom burrs or rough Afurther' object of theinvention is to -pro-' vide such a machine with a cutter which will Isever atube of'thin-flexiblemetal such as COP-1 0pervwithoutcrushing'thesame. v 1 Other objects of the invention will appeari i k y as the mechanism; isdescribed indetail. fIn the accompanying drawings F igyl'is a top plan View of a machine'embodying my invention; Fig.2'i's a rear end elevation, part9 lyfinsection; Fig. 3 visasectional detail'view of the mandrel supportinmember, taken on: 'thelin'e3 3 of Fig;1' and showing the mandetail'viewof one ter ;'and Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the flared end ofthetube. V p s l In these drawings; '1 have illustrated one mbodiment ofmy'invention, but'it will be i 'understoodthat this particular embodimenthas been chosen for the purposes 'ofillus'trae tion only and that theinvention may take I various form without" departingfrom' they 7'spirit-oftheinvention! r Inthatembodiment her illustrated the 1113-chineicornprises a supporting structure or base 10 whichjasheretshowmjis mounted upon legs 11. f Tliis basehas at one end, whichmayv an upwardly extendupper end with means forisupporting thetube-which s ing member 1 ing member 13, ." engage-rand? flare the end .vided. with ap rotation and; extendslengthwiseiof the. tubej The-glu'g is located V I to'be cut andflared:Prefer-f ably-thetubsupporting means: is in the m Qturefof'aclamp and ashere shown a clampl 3 isyhinged to th e 'upper endof 1939, serial No.146 0,519. Q the clamping memberand standard are re; 'cessed to receive the tube. Inthe'preSentinj stance, a two-part bushing '14 has its parts mountedrespectively inthe upper'end of the standard and the clamping member,and the two parts of this bushing are provided with alined recesses'to'rece'ive the tube. Q The bu'shing being readily" removable itis'obvious that substitutingone bushing for another, va- the clamping device. The clamping member the standard 12 and theadjacent surfaces of v 6'0" rloussi'z'es of tubes maybe supportedwithin" may be secured inits closed positloninf any suitable manner but,as here shown, a link 15 l is pivotally connected with the "standard, 12 and hasat its upper end a cam or eecentriclfi 1 arranged to engage overlugs 17 on the clampthe c am being an operating-handle 18'. 1 f YMounted, upon the supporting structure or ase "10 is a frame which ismovable trans provide'dwith versely to a tube mounted in the tubesupport or clamp. This frame carries a rota-r7 cutter and a: mandrel somovement of the frame will bring these two arranged that flit-1 j 4devices successively into operative relation tothe;tube.".Themandrel ismounted fora bothirotator movement and for ment and afterthe end offthetube has been" severedthe mandrel ismoved into Iinethere-J withand-forced inwardly, While rotating; to p of the tubeQYThe: frame maytake various forms and may; be mounted in any suitable mannerl presentmechanism the ,base10has upwardly: extending' brackets or lugs 19 and20' pro ertures in which is mounted @a shaft 21, which "is preferably.fixed against; on the tube support; in line with 'butspace V d inwardly from' thestandard 12. The 'fr portedion the shaftf2lgi'the framefmember23"In'thei '8 being: lo,cated between the l'ug Q O andiithe standard 12.;Each? frame memberi ispro' vided in the upper portion thereof and nearits, l'ateral'edges with bearings 24 and 25; the axial moveola amecomprises ta mar-" member 22' and a front member 23rigidly fconnected one tothe other andpivotallyfsup- 1 5} 7corresponding. bearings in the two {frame; 00 members being arranged in alinement. In the present construction theframe members are cut away between the two bearings so that in efiectthe bearings of each frame member are carried by diverging arms.Itotatably mounted in the alined bearings 24 of the twoframe members isa shaft 26 one end of which projects beyond the front frame member 24and has rigidly secured thereto a cutter 27, which is preferably in thenature. of a rotatable disk. This cutter is. so arranged with relation the frameis moved transversely to the standard the cutter will clear the adjacentend of the boss 14 form-' ing art of the tube support, and if there is atu supported in and projecting beyond said boss the end of the tube willbe engaged by the cutter and severed. The cutter is rotatedat a veryhigh-speed and will sever 28 which is held against the end of asoftmetaltube without crushing or distorting the same. Rotatably mountedin the bearings 25 of the two frame members is a tubular member axialmovement by collars 29 secured thereto and abutting against therespective bearings. Slidably mounted within the tubular member 28 is amandrel 30 which isso connected with the tubularmember that it willrotate therewith. In the arrangement here shown a pin 31 extends throughthe mandrel and has its ends projecting into slots 32 formed in thetubular member. A spring. 33 retains the mandrel normally in itsretracted position. As here shown, the rear portion ofthe bore of thetubular member is enlarged. as shown at 34, to receive the spring 33. Acollar 35 secured to the mandrel adjacent to the pin 31 Y fits withinthe enlarged portion ofthe tubular member and maintains the mandrel inaxial alinement with the tubular member. The spring 33 is confinedbetween the collar I 35 and the shoulder at the forward end of-the wardend of the mandrel, 50 1 enlarged portion of the bore. The mandrel is provided near its forwardend with a ta ed portion 36 to engage the end of the tu e and flare thesame. Preferably the forin advance of the is of reduced diameter, isadapted to enter the center the mandrel with forward end of thisretapered portion 36, as shown at 37,: and tube and accurately relationthereto, the duced portion being rounded, as shown at 38, to facilitate its entrance intov the tube. When themandrel has beenmoved intoline with the tube, and while the tubular member and mandrelare rotating, ated to causethe tapered portion thereof to engage the endof the tube and thus flare the-same outwardly. Y The tapered portion ofthe mandrel may directly engage the end I of the tube, ifdesired, but Ifind that a more satisfactory operation is had if the tapered p0 'onof-thetube is provided with two orv to the frame and the standard 12that when the mandrel is actu more rollers 39 which engage the tube androll the end thereof outwardly. The operation of the cutter sometimes leaves a burr or rough edge on theend of the tube and the mandrel is provided with means for removing thisburr and leaving the flared end of the tube with a smooth clean edge. For this purpose I have secured to the man'- drel a stationary cutter 40which overlaps the tapered portion. to engage the outer edge of the.fiared end of the tube and shave off any burr or roughness which may beon this edge. The reduced portion 37 of the mandrel is slotted, as shownat 41, and a blade or cutter 42 is pivotally mounted within the slot andthe rear end thereof is forced .outwardl by a spring43; When the end ofthe man el is inserted in the tube the blade 42 will be forced inwardlybut the action of the sprin will press the same against the innersurface ofth'e'tube and asthe mandrel is revolving at a relatively highspeed this blade will remove any burr or roughness on the inner end ofthe tube before the latter comes in contact with the tapered portion ofthe mandrel. Longitudi nal movement may be imparted to the man'- drel inany suitab e manner but, in the present instance, an operating handle orlever 44. is pivotally mounted at one end on. afixe support 45 carried by thepivoted frame and is connected by a link 46 with the rear end of themandrel, the pivotal connections preferably of the ball and socket type.The frame may be swung from one position to the other in any desired mannerbut preferably is provided withahandle 60 for this purpose. The cutter 27 and the-mandrel are driven from the motor andthis motor ispreferably carried by the swinging frame. purpose the frame member 22has a down.- wardly extending portion 47 provided at its lower end witha base 48 on which is mounted a motor 49, the shaft 50 of which hassecured thereto. a grooved pulley .51. Grooved pulleys 52 and 53 aresecuredrespectively to the cutter shaft 26 and to the tubular member-28which carries the mandrel. Abelt 54 extends about the pulleys 51, 52 and53.v In the arrangement here shown that portion of the. beltbetween the pulleys 52and 53 is looped downwardl toward the motorand passed about an id e pulley 55 on the shaft-21, thus causing largerportions of the belt to operatively engage the two driven pulleys thanwould be the case if the belt extended straight across the space betweenthe driven ulleys. In the operationof the mechanism he tube is first mountedin the tubesupport and the frame is then swung to the left, in Fig. 2, to causethecutter to sever the end of the tube. After the end of the tube trimmedthe frame is swung in the opposite direction to bring the mandrel intoalinement the mandrel is'then pressed with. the tube and hereof and. isadapted being, For this has been severed or forwardly the lever 44 and thus caused toengage andflarelthe tube; after which the handle is released and themandrel is, withe drawnrbyzthe spring The swinging frame is'heldnormally in an intermediateor inoperative position: by Ineansz of aspringpressed plunger 56"m'ounted in the frame I -member, 22: andadapted to enter the recess 57 r frame toimovevsaidcutter andisaidmandrel" 0n the baselO. This s to correctly positionythe mandrel withrelation tothe tubeand in the upwardlyextending bracket or lug 19plunger'is also adapted V retain the same in that position "duringtlieflaring. operation. .To this'end therlug 19 is provided with a second recess "58 to receive theplunger when the 'mandrel is-in alinement with the tube. a , The plunger maybe voperated in any desired manner, but it is here shown asprovided with, a head 59hbytracted'against the'action of its spring, fWhi le I haveishown and described one embodiment of my invention I wishit tobeun derstood'that I do not desire to be limited to the detailsthereof as various modifications may occur to a person skilled'injthe'art. Having'now fully described my invention', whatI claim as new anddesire' to secure by Letters Patent is 1 1. Inatube cutting and flaring machine,j a support for the tube, a rotatable cutter mounted-for bodily movementinto engage-- ment with a tube on said support, a mandrel mountedforboth 'rotaryand axialmovement M Jand havinga part to 'engage and flaresaid tube, means for, moving said mandrel into I alinementwith said tubeandimp'arting axial movement I thereto, and means i for rotating saidcutter :and'said mandrel; s V 2. Inlatube cutting and flaring machine,- a support for the tube, a frame mounted for movement transversely to thetube on said support, a cutter rotatably mounted on said 1 frame, amandrel mountedonisaidlframe for 1 fbothrro'tary and'a xialmovementwithrela tion thereto and havinga part to engagerand flaresaid-tube, means for actuating-said successively into.operativelrelation to said tube and. for imparting .zaxial movement tosaid mandrel, andwmeans for rotating said cutter andsaidmandrel. Y 3.'Ina tube cuttingand flaring machine, a'support for} the tube, aframemounted for; V p Y movement transversely to the tubeon said wassupport, 7 a cutter rotatablyymount'ed on said frame, aamandrelmountedonl said frame for "both rotary .and axial; movement with relationthereto and having apart to'engage V and flare said tube, ,ineans foractuating said 30" I successivelyfintoframe to move saidcutter andsaidniandrel' ;j operative; relation to ;said tube and for impartingaxial movementto, said mandrel, and meansqcarried by said frame forrotating, 1: said cutter and, said mandrel; g r meansof'which it"may be re-v i In a tube'ri cutting andxflaring machine, a support for the tube, a framemountedfor movement" transversely to thetube on said a 'supp'ort,.a v'cutter'rotatably mounted on said "7'frame, a tubular member rotatably mounted on saidiframepa mandrelmounted in said tubular. member for rotationtherewith and 1 p for" axialmovement lwithr elation thereto and having part of said tube, means forimparting axial move-- ment to said mandrel, and means for rotating'said tubular member and'said cutters c In a tube cutting and flaringmachine, asupport forthetube, a frame mounted'for frame for movement therewithand driving connections between said motor and said shaft and"said-tubulargniember.-' 6. In a tube cutting and a supportfor thetube,I mounted for movement about an axis extendi'n'gs lengthwise of. thetube on. said support, lacutter carried byrsaid shaft," a 'tu-n member rotatably mounted-onsaid .1 a mandrel mounted in said tubular 'axialmovement, to said mandrel, amotormounted on said flaring machine, a frame pivotally aic'utterrotatably mounted onsaid frame, a Q mandrel arotatably and slidably, mounted on said frame, spacedfromsa'idcutterand having a part to engageand -flare the end of saidvment to said.mandrehandmeans renown, in said cutter-andsaid mandrel. ' tube, means for imparting longitudinalmoveg 7. 1m a-tube cuttingandflaring machine, a Supporting structure having. apart forming a support for atube,aframe'pivotally mountspaoed bearings arranged normally on the oppositesides of saidtube support; a shaft journaled' in, one rof said bearings,a cutter rigidlysecured to said shaft and arranged togbe moved intoengagement with a tubeiin ed on said supporting structure and having looits said; support 'fwhenfsaidframe is moved in one direction, a mandrelsupporting device" rotatably mounted in the other bearing of said frame,a mandrel 'mountedinsaid movement with relation thereto, said mandrelbeing: so arranged that it willjbevbrought into line with: said tube-When said frame is movedinthe'other direction, means for; g movement tosaid mandrel, and meansifor rotating said shaft imparting longitudinaland said mandrel supporting device; a supportingstructurehaving a part forming ed on said support r devicefor rotation therewith and Y for longitudinal a support for a tubeyaframe pivotally-mouht 8.-In' a tube cutting w'and fla'ring machinei Ving structure and having v I spaced bearings: arranged; normally .onthe: I opposite sides of said tube s upport, ajsha' ft" 3 a 5 one direction, ' mandrel being so ing device rotatably tatably mounted bekaw the, axisthereof, a motor supported on said part, and driving connections betweenSRidrIDOtOl and said shaft and said mandrel supporting device. 9. In a tube cutting and flaring machine, a a supporting structure having a part forming a support for a tube, aframe pivotally mounted on said supportingstructure and having spacedbearings arran ed. normally onthe opposite sides of said tu support, a shaft journaled in one of said bearings, a cutter rigidly secured to said shaft and arranged to bemovedintowengagement with the tube? in said support; when said frame is movedin one direction, amandrel supportmounted" in the other bearing of saidframe, a mandrel mounted in said device for rotation therewith and forlongitudinal movementwith relation there-. to, said mandrel being soarranged that it in will be brought into line with said tube when saidframe is moved in the other direction, means for impartinglongitudinalmovement to said mandrel, and means for rotating said shaft;and said mandrel supporting device, and a locking device to retain said frame in a position to which it hasbeen moved. 10. In a machine of the character de a frame mountseribed, a-support fora tube, to a tube on ed for movement transversely Ag said'support, a mandrelmounted on said frame for both rotary and axial movement withrelationthereto, said mandrel having a tapered part to enter the end ofsaid tube, rollers mounted in said tapered part Qfsaid m mandrel to engage saidtube and flare the same, and means forrotating said mandrel and forimparting axial movement thereto. 11. In a machine of the character described, a frame, a supportingmember roon said frame, a mandrel mounted in said supporting member forrotation therewith and for lengthwise movement with relation thereto,said mandrel having apart to engage and flare the end y of a tube, meansfor rotatingsaid supporting. 'member, and means for imparting lengthwise movement tosaid mandrel. 12. In a-machine of. the character described, 21, frame a supportingmember rotatahly: mounted on said frame, a mandrel mounted in said supporting member for retation therewith andfor lengthwise movement with relation thereto, said mandrel haw ing a.partto engage andfiare the end of a tube, means for rotating said supber, manually actuated means or impartin lengthwise movement to saidmandrel, and yieldable means to return said mandrel to its initialposition. ' 13. In a machine of the character described, 21. frame, a tubularmember rotatably mounted. on said frameand having means wherebyit may berotated, a mandrel mounted in s'aidtubular member for rotation therewithand for axial movement with relation thereto, said mandrel having a partto enter the end of, a tube and flare the same, a sprin to hold saidmandrel normally in a retracte position, and means for moving saidmandrel against the action of said spring while aid mandrel rotates withsaid tubular memr. I 14. In a machine of the character described, aframe, a supporting member rotatably mounted on said frame, a mandrelmounted in said supporting member for rotation therewith and forlengthwise movement with relation thereto, having a part to engage andflare the end of a tube, means for rotating said supporting member,means for imparting lengthwise movement to said mandrel, and meanscarried by said mandrel for trimming the edge of the end of the-tube. '15. In a machine of the character described, a support for a tube, aframe mounted for movement transverse to a tube on said support, amandrel mounted on said frame for both axial and rotating movement andhaving a part to engage and flare the end of said tube, and means forrotating said mandrel and for imparting axial movement thereto; 16. In a i machine of the character described, asupport for a tube, aframe mountortingmema said mandrel ed for movement transverse to a tubeon said I support, a mandrel mounted on said frame for both axial androtating movement and having a part toengage and flare the end of saidtube, means for rotating said mandrel, and manually operated means forimparting axial movement tosaidmandrel. 17'. In a machine of the character described, asupport for a. tube, aframe mounted for movement transverse to a tube on said support, asupporting member rotatably mounted on said frame, a mandrel mounted insaid supporting member for rotation therewith and for lengthwisemovement with relation thereto, said mandrel having a part to engage andflare the end of atube, means for rotating said supporting member, andmeans for imparting lengthwise movement to said mandrel. 18. In a machine of the character described, a support for a tube, asupport for a mandrel, one of said supports beingmovable transversely toa tube on said support to bring the tube and mandrel into 'ali'nement, amandrel mounted on said framefor both axial and rotating movement andhavinga part to engage and flare'the end of said tube, and means forrotating said'man'drel and for, imparting axial movement thereto. 19. In a mechanism. of the character d e- I scribed, arotatablesupporting structure, a scribed, a rotatable supporting structure, a mandrel mounted in saidstructure for rotation therewith and for longitudinal move ment withrelation thereto, said mandrel v having a reduced end portion to enter atube and a tapered portion to flare the end of said tube, and means forrotating-said supporting structure. I 4 20. In a mechanism of the character demandrel mounted in said structurefor rota-' I tion therewith and 'for'longitudinal movev ment withrelation thereto, said mandrel having a tapered portion to enter the endof a tube and flare'the same, and means for rotating said'supportingstructure, said mandrel also havinga part-extending beyond saidsupporting structure whereby longitudinal movement maybe imparted tosaid man- 7 drel while itrotates. 21. In a mechanism of thecharaoter described, a tube supporting device,a rotatable structure having an axial bore] in line with said tubesupporting device',fa mandrel mounted inisaid bore'for longitudinalmovement and held'against rotation with relation to said structure,saidmandrel having altapered portion'to enter the end of a tube in saidsupporting device and flare the same, a g and means for rotating saidstructure. In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature hereto.v V v I J GORDON

2024-03-22

1930-06-11

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-465319D-A

Trousers (No Model.) E. CLARK. TROUSERS; &c. No. 465,319. Patented Dec. 15,1891, WITNESSES. l/VVEIVTOI? I mm Array/15 101 m: NOHRIG PEYERS co, mow-mum,msumumn, c UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. EMERSON CLARK, OF JENNY LIND, ARKANSAS. TROUSERS, 80C. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 465,319, dated December15, 1891. Application filed May 9, 1891. Serial mseaisz. (No model.) and useful Improvements in Trousers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, referencebeing bad to the accompauying drawings, forming a part hereof. My invention relates to improvements in trousers, &c.; and it consistsin the novel arrangement andcombination of parts, as will be morefullydescribed hereinafter, and designated in the claim. In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front perspective View of my completeinvention, and Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross-section taken on line m x ofFig. 1. I The object of my invention is to construct trousers for theuse of laboring men, especially miners, and provide the same adjacent tothe fly-piece and crotch with an elastic gore, so that the trousers willnot tear or rip from the strain occasioned by the diiferent posturesassumed by the wearer in the progress of his work. It is well known that especially in mining the trousers worn by theminer frequently become ripped in the seat or crotch and ad j acent tothe fly-piece, and the object of my invention is to entirely overcomethis'evil effect. Having given these preliminary statements as to the object of my.invention, I will now proceed to describe the same in detail. Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates trousers-legs, which are of theordinary construction. 2 indicates the fly-piecc, and 3 the crotchseam. The portion of the leg adjacent to the flypiece is cut away, as can bereadily perceived in the drawings, and in lieu of said cut-away portionI stitch or secure in any suitable way an elastic gore 4:. One side ofsaid elastic goreis stitched or secured to the fly-piece, and the'otherside of the same is likewise secured to the leg and seat of the trousersat the edge of the opening, as shown. Said elastic gore issecured ashereinbefore stated, and extends backward about half-way of thecrotch-seam a. By this construction the trousers, or rather that portionthereof adjacent to the fly-piece and the crotch-seam, is free to give,no matter what position the wearer assumes. Particular emphasis is laid upon the fact that the elastic materialextends up parallel with the fly-piece, enabling the wearer to assumemany positions with ease and comfort,- which could not be assumed otherwise. It will be observed that the upper end of the opening covered by thegore is unilaterally rounded, so as to converge in a point at 5, thusreducing the width of that part of the opening. The purpose of thisformation is to limit the degree of elasticity of the elastic materialcovering the upper end of the open- The gore which I make use of in myinvention is preferably made up of a combination of rubber strands andcotton threads, there being a series of parallel rubber strandsextending in a direction transverse to the fiy-piece of the garment, anda series of cotton threads which are of smaller size than the rubberstrands interwoven with said rubber strands in a direction parallel withsaid fiy-piece, which permits elasticity of the gore in one directiononly; but this is not an essential the opening, the upper end of thepiece of elastic material where it covers the reduced portion of theopening serving to limit the degree of.elasticity at that point,substantially as described. In testimony whereof I affizt my signature in presence of two witnesses. EMERSON CLARK. WVitnesses: GEO. J. REUTER, O. E. PETTY.

2024-03-22

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-28078D-A

Pebfobatiltg-btrle fob pbesttebs UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. WILLIAM W. HARDING, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. PERFORATING-RULE FOR PRINTERS. Specification of Letters Patent No. 28,078, dated May 1, 1860. To all whom it 'may concern: Be it known that I, WILLIAM W. HARD- ING, of the city of Philadelphiaand State of Pennsylvania, have made a new and useful Improvement inMachinery for Perforating or Deeply Indenting Newspapers, Magazines,Pamphlets, &c., so that Their Folds May Easily be Torn; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of thesame, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of thisspecification, in which- Figure l shows a view of my arrangement. Fig. 2shows the bar A A detached, The nature of my invention consists in providing a bar A A which is of aheight a little greater than that of the type, with a series of sharppoints of anydesired shape. This bar is then placed in the form, (theteeth projecting a little above the surrounding type), at such va placeas it is desired the perforations should be in the paper. Vhen theimpression is taken these points. will perforate or deeply indent thepaper. The object of this invention is to perforate a series of holes in thefolds of newspapers, pamphlets, books, magazines, etc., whereby they maybe easily separated. Having thus described my improvement what I claim as my invention anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is- The combination of the bar AAprovided with a series of teeth, with the form so that when theimpression is taken these sharp points will perforate or deeply indentthe paper, substantially as herein set forth. WM. W. HARDING. Vitnesses: J. GUNNIGHILD, M. V. B. KENNEY.

2024-03-22

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-1913797090-A

Cushion-heel. A. E. LEWIS. CUSHION HAEBL. LQQGQ.. APPLICATION FILED OUT. l24, 1913. Patented June 9, 1914. IAL HLONZO ED/HRD LEWIS, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. ALONZO EDWARD LEWIS, 0F ING-ERSGLL, ONTARIO, CANADA.l A oUsHIoN-HEEL. To al? whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALONZO EDWARD LEWIS, asubject of the Kingof Great Britain, residing at Ingersoll, in theProvince In the accompanying drawingz--Figure- 1 is a central sectionalview through the heel portion of a shoe, made according to myinvent-ion. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the view shown in Fig. 1. Fig.3 is a perspective view of a cork pad which may be substituted for thespring shown in Fig. 1. Throughout the separate views the same part is designated by the samereference character. Y Referring more particularly to the drawing, 1 ,designates'the upper of ashoe provided with an inner sole 2 and an outer sole 3. Within the heelportion of the shoe is a thin heel casing 4 which is made the same shapeas the heel and covers the lower portion of the upper on the inside andextends downwardly forming a hollow space 5 below the portion of theinsole which is adapted to support the heel of the wearer. Forwardly ofthe space 5, the casing 4 is inserted between the sole and, insole asindi-V cated at 6 and all three members, the sole, insole and casing are connected together by a rivet'7. On the outside of the upper 1 is a leather heel cap 8 which extends downbelow the lower edge ofthe upper and incases the heel casing 4 on theoutside, surrounding the space 5. It will be seen that the cap 8 extendsacross the bottom of the heel and on the outside of the heel and thebottom is a leather pad 9. It will be seen also that the pad 9, cap 8and bottom portion of the casing 4 are joined together by rivets orother Specication of Letters Patent. Patented J une 9, 1914. Application led October 24, 1913. Serial No. 797,090. means such as pins, the members l4 and 8 als1 being joined together ,byrivets such as Within the space 5 is a spring 12, one end of which isfastened to a met-al plate 13 which is riveted to the bottom of the heelmember 4 by means of rivets such as 14. The upper end of the spring 12is connected to a plate 15 which is similar to the plate 13 and whichbears against the under face of the insole 2 where it extends above thespace 5. It will be seen that the spring 12 is connected to the plates13 and 15 by means of integral extensions such as 16 which project fromthe edges of the plates and which are coiled over so as to embrace theportion of the spring lying adjacent the plates. It should be noted alsothat the heel cap 8, the upper 1 and the upper edge of the casing 4 arefastened together by means of rivets 17. It will be understood also thatif desired, additional padding may be placed within the casing 4 toprotect the foot of the wearer, but such protection being an obviousmatter, itis not shown in the drawing. Referring 1nore particularly to Fig. 3, I have shown therein a cork pad18 which may be substituted for the spring 12 in the form shown in Fig.1. Having thus described my invent-ion, what I claim is .1. A shoecomprising in combination, a hollow heel structure including a steelcas' ing, an insole extended above the base of said heel structure, saidcasing being ein tended at one end thereof in contact .with said insole and being riveted thereto, auf;L

2024-03-22

1913-10-24

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-50825143-A

Glass cleaner Patented Oct. 2, 1945 GLASS CLEANER Raymond M. Schlabach, Canton, OhioNo Drawing. Application October 29, 1943, Serial No. 508,251 8 Claims. (Cl. 25291) The invention relates to a glass cleaner and moreparticularly to a treated, disposable paper which may be used,preferably dry, for cleaning glass of every description, as in windows,show cases, table tops, mirrors, automobile wind shields and lights,pictures, and the like; and which also may be used for cleaning'andpolishing metal surfaces such as silverware, chrome or chrome platedmaterial and the like. Many different kinds of polishing cloths have been proposed in the priorart, but they all involve a rather complicated chemical treatment offabric, cloth, chamois, or the like, for preparing the polishing cloth.The resultant cloth is expensive, is difficult if not impossible toclean, and involves a substantial loss if thrown. away when dirty. Moreover, these chemically prepared prior art polishing cloths are notadapted for cleaning glass because they ordinarily will streak theglass. Some of the chemically prepared prior art cloths have been used forcoating glass with a water repellent film to prevent clouding from rainor condensation; but such use may also result in streaking the glass. , Other prior art proposals have included treated paper for use as apolishing material buthave been objectionable because they produce adust in use, or may require water for use. Thus such products areactually not suitable for use in the places where their use would bemost. advanta- For instance, show cases in large department stores mustbe cleaned and polished frequently and if such cleaning and polishinginvolves the use of water or the production or dropping off of dust ordirt, the cases must be emptied in order to do the cleaning so as toavoid damage or injury to the goods contained therein. If the cases areemptied, there is no advantage in using a prepared cloth or treatedpaper of the prior art over 'using age-old wet washing, cleaning orpolishing methods involving water and soap or Eon-Ami, or the like. Likewise in the home, there is no advantage, over usual window washingmethods, in using a prepared cloth orpaper which must be used wet, or which dusts oil because either method involves a drying step or astep of cleaning up ofthe dust. Accordingly, it is an object of thepresent invention to provide a glass. cleaner made of inexpensivedisposable paper that may be thrown away when it becomes dirty, withoutappreciable loss. Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a paperglass cleaner which will not streak glass when, used for cleaning orpolishmg. Also it is an object of the present invention to provide a paper glasscleaner which does not dust off when used for cleaning or polishingglass surfaces and the like. Likewise, it is an object of the present invention to provide a paperglass cleaner which may be used dry for cleaning and polishing glasssurfaces and thelike. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide adisposable paper cleaner which may be used for cleaning or polishingsmoothly finished or polished surfaces of glass, metal or the like,without wetting and without streaking or dusting off. It is also an object of the present invention to provide for themanufacture of a disposable paper cleaner incorporating the advantagesand having the characteristics enumerated. Likewise, it is an object of the present invention to provide adisposable paper cleaner for cleaning and polishing smoothly finishedglass or metal surfaces which overcomes the difllculties anddisadvantages of prior art materials. And finally, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cheapand inexpensive paper cleaner which may be readily used and disposed offor cleaning and polishing glass or metal surfaces without disturbing,damaging. soiling or wetting articles or objects adjacent to the surfacebeing cleaned or polished. These and other objects and advantages may be obtained, and the priorart difllculties overcome, by the glass cleaner hereinafter described indetail and claimed, and by the method of making the improved glasscleaner hereinafter set forth in detail and claimed. I have discovered that if porous, or unglazed or uncalendered paper,commonly called "kraft paper, is treated with, a mixture of powderedsilica, gh/cerine and water in controlled proportions and dried, theresulting treated paper, preferably in the form of sheets, may beefficiently and satisfac- ,torily used to clean and polish glass andmetal tion must be controlled, to achieve the objects of the presentinvention, to have the approximate proportions of v'75 to 115 cc. ofglycerine, and 150 grams of powdered silica per liter of water. Thesolution is preferably heated to 100 F. to 150 F. when passing the paperthrough the same; and the paper is preferably to kraftlution, the heavier is the treatedpaper. The proportions of glycerine and powdered silica are critical. Theglycerine' has several functions. First, it toughens the paper so thatit may be severely abused, crumpled, .and rubbed on the surface beingcleaned without tearing, rupturing or wearing away, as compared with thesame paper prior to treatment. Second, it makes the paper very soft andpliable so that it may be readily worked and manipulated in the hand inconnection with a cleaning operation; in fact, the treated paper feelssomewhat rubbery. Third, it carries the powdered silica onto and intothe paper and acts as a binder to retain the powdered silica on thepaper. Fourth, the glycerine Drevents the silica from dusting off fromthe paper when used. The powdered silica is the primary polishing and cleaning agent in thefinished treated paper. I have. discovered that if the amount of glycerine is reduced materiallybelow the lower limit of the stated proportions of 75 cc. to 150 gramsof silica per liter of water, the silica is not properlybound or held tothe paper and will dust off and the paper will not be sufficiently toughand pliable. I have also discovered that if the amount of glycerine is increasedmaterially above the upper limit of the stated portions of 115 cc. to150 grams of silica per liter of water, the treated paper in use willstreak glass or other surfaces being cleaned or polished, and may leavea film thereon which is difficult to remove. A consideration of these factors leads to a possible explanation of thedifficulties that have been encountered with the prior art products. Allof the previously referred to known prior art products that utilizeglycerine either streak glass orprovide the gly'cerine .to form a filmfor preventing theCOllCtlOllOf fog.or condensation on the glass. 1 i 4On the other hand, inthe present improved the solution and to preventprecipi-. Of course. an increase or decrease in the amount of silica in thesolution will change the relative amounts of glycerine and silica in thetreatment bath; and these relative amounts should not be varied outsidethe approximate limits stated in the above discussion of the criticalrelationship of the proportions of glycerine and silica in the solution. The amount of water in the solution may be varied somewhat so long asthe relationship between the proportions of glycerine and silica ismaintained. An increase in the amount of water in the solution willresult only in decreasing the net weight increase of the dried treatedPaper. As stated, the paper is preferably 15 to 20 pound kraft paper, as. thisseems to be the most convenient weight of paper to manipulate incleaning or polishing a glass or metal surface. As stated the paper mustbe a porous, unglazed or uncalendered paper, such as kraft paper, inorder to readily impregnate it with the glycerine and silica. The powdered silica should be as fine as possible, but it is unnecessaryto have it powdered finer than being ground to 300' to 400 mesh, assilica of this degree of fineness does not scratch smooth or polishedglass or metal surfaces when being used to clean or polish the same. In passing the paper strip or web through the heated agitated solution,the porous, unglazed, kraft paper soaks up the solution and excesssolution carried on the surface of the paper is removed by the passageof the paper between rolls, The following air drying operation,preferably performed in a hot air drier, evaporates the water from theother elements of the solution impregnated in and carried by the paper,but does not evaporate the glycerine. After the paper has been treated and dried, it should be stored in amoisture-free atmosphere so as to prevent absorption of moisture by theglycerine in the paper; because such absorption of moisture may causethe treated paper to streak the article being cleaned. For these reasons, the treated paper may be cut in sheets of convenientsize, say 16" x 20", and a number of sheets enclosed and sealed in atight package, such as a sealed Cellophane package, so that packages ofthe cleaner may be carried in stock on the shelves of a merchant withoutabsorbing moisture. Alternately, instead of treating kraft paper as received in rolls from apaper mill, the paper may be treatedto incorporate the glycerine andpowdered silica therein in the approximate proportions stated during themanufacture of paper at a paper mill. The improved paper cleaner may be used to clean or polish any glasssurfaces and the like and also to clean and polish metal surfaces suchas silverware, either solid or plated, and polished plated 'trim orornamentation metal, or other paper glass cleaner, the. use ofglycerinewithin the limits of the critical proportions stated, does not streakglass and does not form a f lm on". ' the surface being cleaned or polished; but the 1 glycerine performsthe binding, toughening,- softening and silica-retaining functions. Likewise, in the prior art products that use silica, the silica dustsoff so as to result in an accumulation of powdered silica at placesadjacent to the surface being cleaned or polished, which accumulationmust in turn be cleaned away. "metal, articles. When used, a sheet of treated paper may be crumpledin the hand and wiperor rubbed over thesur'fafce to becleaned, in the usual manner, or alayer of the paper may be pressedwith the thumb or finger 0n the surfacebeing cleaned and rubbed or wiped to and fro across the surface. Thetreated paper is and can be used dry. However, automobile Windshieldssometimes become heavily covered with the remains of bugs, and in thisparticular situation, the windshield may be cleaned more quickly byfirst wetting a paper and rubbing the windshield and then rubbing andcleaning the windshield with another dry crumpled ball of the treatedpaper. Accordingly, the present invention provides a dry paper glass cleanerwhich can be used to clean and polish smooth or polished surfaces, suchas metal and glass surfaces, without dusting off. The finished dry paper glass cleaner product carries or is impregnatedwith glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of to by weight ofthe untreated paper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equalparts by weight of glycerine and silica. The approximate ratio ofglycerine and silica carried by or impregnated in the paper as stated,results from the treatment of the paper in the solution described abovefolfollowed by drying. Moreover, the agitation of the solution while treating the papertherewith, and the rolling of the treated paper as it leaves thetreatment bath uniformly distributes the glycerine and silica anduniformly spreads and impregnates the same on and in the paper so as toform a non-dusting, nonstreaking product when dried. Having described the invention, and the improved glass cleaner productthereof, together with the improvements in manufacturing the glasscleaner product, the use of the same, the disadvantages overcome and thenew results obtained; the new and useful products and methods, andreasonable mechanical equivalents thereof obvious to those skilled inthe art, are set forth in the appended claims. I claim: 1. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including thesteps of treating kraft paweight of untreated paper and in theapproximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerineand silica. 4. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including thesteps of treating kraft paper with an aqueous solution containing 75 to115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter of water, andthen hot air drying the paper to evaporate the water and form a treatedpaper carrying glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of 15% to20% by weight of untreated paper and in the approxlmate ratio of from 2to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerine and silica. 5. The method of making a non-dusting, nonstreaking paper glass cleanerimpregnated with from 15% to 20% by weight of a mixture of glycerine andsilica in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight,which includes the steps of treating kraft paper with an aqueoussolution containing from '75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powderedsilica per liter of water, agitating the solution while treating thepaper therewith and rolling the treated paper to uniformly impregnatethe paper with the glycerine cleaner and the like consisting of a dryproduct per with an aqueous solution containing from 75 I to 115 cc.glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter of water, and thendrying the paper to evaporate the water and form a treated papercarrying glycerine and silica in the approximate amount of 15% to 20% byweight of untreated paper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 toequal parts by weight of glycerine and silica. 2. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including thesteps of treating porous, unglazed, kraft paper in a hot aqueoussolution containing from '75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powderedsilica per liter of water, and then drying the paper to evaporate thewater and form r 8. treated paper carrying glycerine and silica in theapproximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreated paper and in theapproximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight of glycerineand silica. 3. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like, including thesteps of treating kraft paper with a hot aqueous solution containingfrom 75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. powdered silica per liter ofwater, then rolling the paper, and then drying the paper to evaporatethe water and form a treated paper carrying glycerine and silice. in theapproximate amount of 15% to 20% by and silica," and then drying thepaper. 6. A non-dusting, non-streaking paper glass formed of porous,unglazed'kraft paper treated to increase its weight approximately 15% to20% with glycerine and 300 to 400 mesh powdered silica in theapproximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts by weight. 7. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like including the stepsof treating porous, unglazed, kraft paper in a hot aqueous solutioncontaining from to v cc. glycerine and gms. powdered silica per liter ofwater, agitating'the solution while treating thezpa per therewith, thenrolling the paper, and then hot air drying the paper to evaporate thewater and form a treated paper carrying glycerine and silica in theapproximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreated paper and in theapproximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts:, by weight of glycerineand silica. 8. The method of making a glass cleaner and the like including the stepsof treating porous, unglazed 15 to 20 pound kraft paper in a hot aqueoussolution containing from 75 to 115 cc. glycerine and 150 gms. of 300 to400 mesh powdered silica per liter of water maintained at a temperatureof from 100 to 150 F. agitating the solution while treating the papertherewith, then rolling the paper, and then hot air drying-the paper toevaporate the water and form a treated paper carrying glycerine andsilica in the approximate amount of 15% to 20% by weight of untreatedpaper and in the approximate ratio of from 2 to 3 to equal parts byweight of glycerine and silica. 1 A RAYMOND M. SCHLABACH.

2024-03-22

1943-10-29

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-43138D-A

Improvement in friction clutches or pulleys ' Shelburne Falls, in and State 'of Massachusetts, have invented friction-ring, ings. 'overhangs said arms. . the collar F are two wedgeshaped pie UNITED .STATES PATENT @erica S.SHEPARDSON, 0F SIIELBURNE FALLS, MASSACHUSETTS. Specifica-tion forniing parts of Letters Patent No. 43, [38, dated June14, 1864. To all u-hom it may concern Beit known that I, H. S. SnErARDsoN, of thecounty of Franklincertain new and useful improvements in Fric-` tionClutches or Pulleys; and I do hereby declare that the following is ai'ull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, making a parl; oi' this specieatiomin which-Figure 1 represents a side view ot the pulley or clutch, and Fig. 2represents a section through the same in the direction of the line oftheshaft on which it is to beplaced. f Similar letters, where they occur, denote like parts in both ofthefigures. ' My invention consists, first, in the 'combi nation ot' the wedges onthe sliding collar with the radial arms on the hub ot' the clutch ringfor forcing out said clutch or friction ring against the inner perimeterof the pulley; and, secondly, it consists in the. manner ot' connectingthe radial arms tothe segmental so as to more directly apply the forceof said armste the expanding of said segments. i To enable-others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I'willproceed to 'describe the same with reference to the draw The hub a of`the expansive or friction ring A is fitted to the'sh'aft B by afeather, b, aud suitableslot, so that both shall turn together. The-hu'b c of the pulley C isv-fitt`ediipon and over thehub a, so as toturn independent oi'said hub a when unclutched froln its ring A. Acollar, '1),' with a setserew, r1, or otherwise, holds the pulley andits hub c in position at one end and the hub a of the frictionfring atthe other end. The arms E of the pulley areV at or near the center of.the face or perimeterV of said pulley, sothat the rim ot' the pulleyoves endwise on -the grooved ate for the shipper to rlfhis collar, b vmeans of a feather, g, can turn with the Ashaft and be the shaft at the'same time. VUpon ces, h h, openings, i1', F is a collar that 1n shaft B, and is work in. f, and slot slid along which work in two mortises or near the hub aofthe'expansive ring A. When ese openings, s or arms a n, which havethem, to which one end of pair `ot` toggle-arms o o is hinged, the nds ot' said levers being hinged or pivk the wedgesare forced into ththey pass under pin cross-'heads m upon of the other e under the rim ofthe pulley, make this clamping and u -the friction bet the pair working upondiii'erent segments, of the levers o and thus the slightest motion clamps or releases thesegments from the drum of thepulley, as the case may be. When the wedgesh h are forced in to the position shown in red lines in Fig. 2, thesegments are'tightly clamped against the pnl-ley, so that all shall rnn.with the shaft, shown in black lines in Fig. 2, then the pulley isunclutched and can run independent et' the shaft and friction clutch,4or stop, while they continue to run. vThe segmental-frictionring A isentirely and only moves radiallyand notalong the shaft, and thus is out of the wayand makes mechanism.A Eachsegu-lent has one arm, Gr, cast or wrought .on it to hold it in placeand prevent the `segments from moving toward the center, and thus fthelninutest expansion ofthe ends or split portions ofthe segmentsimmediately clamps itself to-the pulley,.er unclamps it, `as the casemay be 5 and to nclamping at all times perfect a nut, s, on the screw umay be adjusted so as to make it very sensitive and reliable, andinstantaneous in its action, said screw u being made on a portion of thearm n, against which the wedges l1. work. To cause the wedges h li tomorefreely move the arms n a, I propose to place small -frictionof saidarms,vto reduce Ween the two parts, withoutl rolls upon the endsimpairing the radialgforce uponfthe arms by Having thus fully describedmy invention, what claim therein as new, and Vdesire to secure byLetters Patent, isi 1. The combination of Athe wedges li on the slidingcollar F with thel radial arms n, connected with the expansive orfriction ring A, substantially 'as 'an friction-segments bytoggle'levers o o, which straddle the -cuts in said ring, as and for thepurpose described. n. s. sHnPAnDsON. Witnesses: ' inn. PRATT, NELsoN SPa/teun. Vand `when in the position a. neat piece of" d for the purposedescribed. 2. Counecting the .radial arms u to the

2024-03-22

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-1241015-A

Method of boring embroidery fabric R. ZAHN, DEC'D. A. RIETZSCH. ADMINISTRATOR. METHOD OF BORING EMBROIDERY FABRIC. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 55. 1915. ROBERT ZAI-IN', DECEASED, BY ALFRED RIETZSCH, ADIEINISTEATOR, PLAUEJ\T,VOG'ILAND, GERIEAETY, ASSIGNOB TO ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN. METHOD OF BOREIIG EMBROEDEPUY FABRIC. inoaeei. Specification of Letters 'iatent. Patented Jan. 1%, 1922. Original application filed July 9, 1912, Serial No. 708,496. Divided andthis application filed March 5, (GRANTED UNDER THE PRUVISI-JNS OF THE 5.8T MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. In,1313.) To aZZ whom it may concern: Be it known that I, ALFRED Rinrzsorr, a subject of the German Emperorand resident of Plauen, in Vogtland, Saxony, Germany, am administratorof the estate of Ronnnr ZAHN, deceased, and that said ROBERT ZAHN hasinvented new and useful Improvements in a Method of Boring EmbroideryFabric, (for which he has filed an application in Germany, February 6,1912,) of which the annexed is a specification. The present application is a division of original application Serial No.708,496, filed July 9, 1912, which has matured into Patent Number1,162,009 and dated Nov. 30, 1915. As is well known, the fabric on which the embroidery is produced, isstretched taut in its frame by hooking the vertical edges thereof to theframe and fastening its horizontal edges to the fabric rollers. Allefforts notwithstanding, it has been found impossible to wind the fabricaround the rollers absolutely uniformly and without folds. Therefore thetension at the different points of the fabric surface is not uniform andwill Vary more with larger fabric surfaces. The unevenness of thetension reaches the highest degree with fabrics of the enormously largeembroidering machines as now in use. However, the unevenness of the tension, due to non-uniform. stretching,in itself, after all would not be of Very great importance and would notmaterially affect the embroidery, if at least this unevenness wouldremain constant during the entire embroidering process. But this is notthe case. Leaving aside the fact that during lengthy periods ofinterruption of the work, as during dinner time and night time, owing tochanges of air humidity and temperature, a distortion, often to aconsiderable extent of the fabric, takes place; during the embroideringwork, too, a distortion is caused, that is to say, different points ofthe embroidery are caused to change their position relative to theneedles. And that the displacement of the fabric surface is not uniformat all parts, but is smaller here and larger there, to the left at oneplace and to the right at another, is due to the non-uniform tension ofthe fabric. It is evident, that, owing to the above named circumstances,the embroidery design not only is greatly affected in its appearance,but also is frequently damaged and even rendered entirely useless. Thisparticularly happens when distortion of the embroidery takes place atthe time when the borers are set into operation. For then the sharpedges of the borers sever the adjoining already finished parts of theembroidery design. Moreover, the borers in themselves give rise to distortion of thefabric. When the borers, of which in some machines there are about athousand, simultaneously pierce the fabric, their sharp edges cutthe'fibres of the fabric, and it is evident that owing to the elasticityof the fibres, the tension of the fibres of the entire fabric surface isimmediately changed. But the embroidering process itself, too,particularly during the formation of so called flat stitches, gives riseto distortion of the fabric, in that the design of the work iscontracted and consequently the tension of the fabric increased. Thereis only that difference between the distortion caused during theembroidering process and the boring process, that during the latter thefibres are severed and the tension of the fabric is lessened instead ofincreased as during the former. As the lessened tension of the boredparts is not regularly compensated by the increased tension of the partsformed by the flat stitches, another cause for a variance in tension ofthe entire fabric is created. The object of this invention is to provide a method of preventing, asmuch as possible, the tension arising during the embroidering processfrom affecting the embroidery design. My new method consists in that th embroidering needles, which, as wellknown, are arranged in close vicinity of the borers, are caused, duringthe boring operation, to enter the fabric with their points only and notquite to their eyes and to be withdrawn simultaneously with the borersimmediately preceding the moment when the fabric frame is to bedisplaced for the formation of the next series of boreholes. Thus thefabric surface becomes so to say temporarily reinforced by the needlesat all those points where the borers could damage the same. As theneedle points engage not only the fabric but also the stitch holes ofthe rigid stitch plates, it is clear, that even a very strong lateralforce could not bring about a displacement of any part of theembroidery. Hence, as long as the borers are in action the embroiderymaintains its position owing to its reenforcement by the needle points. In order to make my invention more clear reference is had to theaccompanying drawing in which similar characters denote correspondingparts and in which Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows a part of anembroidering machine and Fig. 2 is a detail, show ing the adjustableroller of the needle operating mechanism. The fabric surface is denoted by reference letters w m, the embroideringneedles are denoted by 3 and the borers by 7. The latter are operated inwell known manner from a cam 8 through levers 9, 10 and a connecting rod11. The needles 3 are operated from the cam 12 through .the medium of abell crank lever 13 connected to a rod 14L which carries a roller 15co-operating with the cam 12. ' When it is desired to have the needles 3 engage the fabric with thePoints only in order to reinforce the fabric during the boring operationthe roller 15 is displaced transversely to the rod 14L to bear on thecircumference of another cam 12 so fixed on the shaft 12 that a part ofits circumference coincides with that of the cam 12. The displacement ofthe roller 15 is effected by means of a forked bell crank 16 (Fig. 2)which constantly engages the roller 15 and which may be operated by handor from the jacquard mechanism (not shown) through the medium of the rod17. WVhat is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is: 1. A method of boring embroidery fabric consisting in piercing andsimultaneously reinforcing the fabric and relieving it at the moment thefabric is to be displaced for borin at another place. 2. method of boring embroidery fabric consisting in piercing andsimultaneously stiffening the surface of the fabric and relieving thelatter at the moment it is to be displaced for boring at another place. 3. A method of boring embroidery fabric, consisting in piercing theborers through the fabric and simultaneously projecting the stitchingneedles through the fabric so as to engage the latter with their pointsonly and removing the said needles from thefabric preceding the momentthe latter is displaced for boring a new series of holes. In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses. ALFRED RIETZSCH, Administrator of the estate 0 Robert ZaJm, deceased. Witnesses: ROBERT H. NIER, Josnn GRANBY.

2024-03-22

1915-03-05

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-1901080721-A

Car-brake. No. 698,784. Patented Apr. 29, I902. A. BALDN. GAB BRAKE. (Application filed Nov. 1, 1901. 4 (No Model.) waned/564: v [nmn'ova- 4: "cams PEYEHS ca. PNOTO-LIYNQ. WASNINGTDN u cUNITED STATES PATENQF OFFICE; ANDRE\V BALON, OF. ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. CAR-BRAKE. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters latent No. 698,784, dated April29, 1902. Application filed November 1, 1901. Serial No. 80,721. (No model.) To all whom it may concern; Be it known that I, ANDREW BALON, a citizen of Austria-Hungary, and aresident of Elizabeth, Union. county, New Jersey, have invented acertain new and useful Improved Car-Brake, of which the following is aspecification. This invention relates to a car-brake of novel construction and in whichthe brakeshoes are guided against the wheels in a positive manner. In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of acar-truck'provided with my improved brake; Fig. 2, a plan of one-half ofthe same; Fig. 3, a detail of the brake-operating mechanism; and Fig. 4,a section on line 4 4:, Fig. 3. The frame of the truck is composed of an upper double section a aand alower double section b b, that converge toward their ends, so as to runout into a single front and rear section 0. Between the two arms of theupper section a a slides the load-carrying bolster d, guided by rails dand supported upon the center of a semi-elliptic spring e. The ends ofthis spring are coiled around pins f, carried by links f, that aresuspended between the arms of the lower section b'b at f The spacebetween the upper and lower sections a a and b b is traversed by uprightrails g for guiding the oil-boxesg' which are supported by theaxle-bearings. The car-truck frame is supported upon the oil-boxes bysprings 9 The load is transmitted from the bolster at through the springe to the lower frame-section and thence through rails g to the upperframe-section to be evenly distributed to the oil-box springs 9 receivesthe end of a squared shaft is, adapted to be operated by the brake-leverIt and carrying an eccentric 10 arranged between thepins When the brakeis to be set, the shaft 70 is so turned that the eccentric k bears against the shoes j andcauses them to slide along the pins e', so as to engage the wheels Z.When the brake isto be taken off, the shaft is turned to withdraw theeccentric le when the shoes will be retracted by the springs 9. What I claim is A car-brake provided with a bearing, an upper andalowerpin' received thereby and projecting with theirfiends beyond thebearing, springinfluenced perforated brake-shoes adapted to slide uponthe projecting ends of the pins, and aneccentric that engages thebrake-shoes intermediate the pins, substantially as specified. Signed by meat Elizabeth, Union county, New J ersey, this 25th*d'a'y, ofOctober, 1901; ANDREW BALON. Witnesses: H. G. HooLEY, A. NEFT.

2024-03-22

1901-11-01

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-32260928-A

Tire carrier March 24, 1931. F. G. ALBORN ET AL TIRE CARRIER Filed Nov. 30, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l ANDBY EDWIN H. sAvAsE ATTORNEY March24, 1931. F ALBQRN ET AL 1,797,222 TIRE CARRIER Filed Nov. 30, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I INVENTORS FRANK G.ALBORN AND EDWIN H. SAVAGE ATTORN EY Patented Mar. 24, 1931 Unitesstares rarest em FRANKG. ALBORN AND nnwin n. savaen, or CLE ELAND, onrnssienons TO THE I WHITE MOTOR COMPANY, or CLEVELAND, I-IIO,'ACORPORATION or OHIO TIRE onnninn Application filed November 30, 1928.Serial No. 322,609. I I This invention relates to spare tire carmore for motor vehlcles. It is an object of this invention to provide a simple efficient tirecarrier of the underslung type which supports the tire in spacedrelation to the adjacent parts of the carrier and vehicle. V a It is a further object of this invention to provide a tire carrier ofthe underslung type The invention itself will'be more readily understoodfrom the description of one prac-. tical embodiment thereof, illustratedin the accompanying drawings inwhich 7 a Figure 1 is a top plan view of a tire carrier, showing a sparetiremounted thereinin carried position. Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on line 22 of Figure 1. j Figure 3 is a s1de elevation of the carrier, 7 showing the relative positions of'the difier ent parts of the carrier,both to themseives and to a sparetire,'at an intermediate stage in theplacement or removal of the spare tire. V - Figure 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4.4 of Figure 1, and vFigure 5 is a sectional view taken on line 55 of Figure 1. Referring to the drawings, the numeral 10 indicates the rear portion ofa motor truck frame. Rigidly secured to the frame side rails 11 is ametal stirrup 12 the bottom section 13 of which forms with the members14 and 15 an underslung platform 16. This platform is designed tosupport a spare tire 17 and is constructed with raised surfaces 18 whichengage the lower surface of the rim 19 to support the t1re in spacedrelation to the subjacent'parts of the platform. 7 It is to be notedthat this platformcomprises a central unobstructed portion bounded byand including the members 14, over which a tire maybe facilely slid onor 03 the platform to and from a carried position thereon. The members 14 of the platform 16 are constructed of resilient material,such as spring steel, and permit the platform to swing downwardunder theweight of the tire to the pos1t1on illustrated in Figure 3. In orderthat the tire 17 may be placed upon and removed from the platform 16with facilitv and withoutsubjecting the n emberltl to ex: cessive'strain by further depression of the rear end of the plat-form, themembers 14 are formed with curvatures 20 Whichprovidea clearance betweenthe platform and pair of overhead tire centering members 21 that exceeds the width of the tire v I V The members 21 are rigidly attached attheir upper ends to a framecross member 22, and are formed withshoulders 23and flanges 24 designedto engage respeotivelythe upper andinner surfaces of the rim 19. As clearly shown; in the drawings, theshoulders 23 are located at such a distance below the frame astoj'engage the rim .19 to hold the tire 17 in space relation to theframe. Hooked through loosely fitting apertures 25 formediin the sidera'ils'll,there is a pair of dependlngrods 26. These'rods are adapted forinsertion within slots 27 formed in the ends of the'platform member 15,and carry on theirlower threaded ends star-shaped nuts 28 designedforengagement with, the lower surface of the member 15. As clearly shownin Figure 5, the nuts 28. are *formed with roundedupper ends 29 whichfitwithin complementary recesses 30 formedin the lower surface of-themember 15. This interen'gagement of the nuts 28 with the member lo iseffective in securing the rods 26 within I the slots27." I I To assemblea tire within the carrier with the parts occupying the positionsillustrated in Figurej3, the-tire is placed in centered positionupontheplatform 16, the rear end of the platform elevated and rods 26inserted withinhthessl'ots 27., after whichthe nuts 28 use to tiresof'the width illustrated, but may be utilized to carry tires of varyingsmaller widths. r 7 Although the foregoing description is necessarily of a detailedcharacter, in order that the invention may be completely set forth, it is'to be understood that specific terminology is not intended to berestrictive or confining, and that various rearrangements of the parts 1 and modifications instructural details may 10 be resorted to without departing from thescope of the invention claimed.- r 1 Having described our invention,what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: 1. The combination with a vehicle of a tire carrier suspended therefrom,said carrier comprising a resilient platform adapted to support a sparetire, rigid means rigidly associated with said vehicle and said platformfor supporting one end of said platform in spaced relation to saidvehicle, means for re 7 leasably supporting the opposite end of saidplatform in certain position with respect to said vehicle, and means forholding a tire' 5 upon said platform when said last named end of saidplatform is supported in the aforesaid position. V 2. The combination witha vehicle of a tire carrier suspended therefrom,said carrier comprising a resilientplatform adapted to support asparetire, rigid means rigidly associated with said vehicle and said platformfor supporting one end of said platform in spaced relation to saidvehicle, meansforreleasaloly supporting the opposite end of saidplatform in certain position with respect to said vehicle, and meansdepending from said vehicle adapted to hold a tire upon saidpla t formwhen said last named end of said plat- 40 form is supported in theaforesaid position, said platform being formed with a depression subjacent said last named'means by virtue of'which tires of large widths may be facilely placedupon or moved from said platform. 7 v e 3. The combination with avehicle of an underslung tire carrier suspended therefrom, saidtir'ecarrier comprising a resilient platformadapted to support a spare tire,means rigidly supporting one end of said platform in spaced relation tosaid vehicle, means pivotally attached to said vehicle adapted toVreleasably support the opposite "end of said 7 platform in a certainposition with respect to said vehicle, and means rigidly associated withsaid vehicle adapted to hold a -tire upon said platform when said lastnamed end of said platform is supported-in the aforesaid position. 3 rIn testimony whereof we'hereunto affixour signatures this 28th day ofNovember, 1928. EDWIN H. SAVAGE.

2024-03-22

1928-11-30

USPTO-Google Patents Public Data

US-48806443-A

Locking means for pressure chamber doors April 0, 1946. w. 1.. CULLEN 2,399,327 LOCKING MEANS FOR PRESSURE CHAMBER DOORS Filed May 22, 1943 2Sheets-Sheet l 56 .[NVENTOB a) MLL/AM LLOYD CULLEN MBA/1S", K/scw,Fosrzn 5/445): ATTORNEYS April 1946- w. CULLEN I 2,399,327 LOCKING MEANS FOR PRESSURE CHAMBER DOORS Filed May 22, 1945 2Sheets-Sheet 2 I I [NVENTOB I VV/LL/AM LLOYD CULLEN 1} H HARRIS mac/4,FosrsR @MRR/S I ii w ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 30, 1946 LOCKING MEANS FORPRESSURE CHAMBER DOORS William Lloyd Cullen, Los Angeles, Calif.,assignmto Hughes Tool Company, Houston, Tex., a eor-' poration ofDelaware Application May 22, 1943, Serial No. 488,064 7 Claims. - My invention relates to closure-securing means and is directedspecifically to the construction of means to lock the door of a pressurechamber. The invention is being initially applied to the problem of locking arelatively large door through which large airplane sections must passinto a chamber for processing at superatmospheric pressure. It will beapparent, however, that the invention is widely applicable. Since the force tending to open a circular door of a cylindricalpressure chamber varies as the square of the diameter of the door, anymeans designed for holding a relatively large door in closed positionmust be capable of withstanding forces of tremendous magnitude. If thefluid under pressure is gaseous, for example air or steam, the properdesigning of the door-retaining means is of special importance, sinceany structural failure may cost human lives. The general object of my invention is to provide a simple, efficient,and safe means for retaining or looking such a door against fluidpressure. One of the specific objects of my invention is to provide a door-lockingmeans having extensive zones of engagement, thereby to keep the unitstress of, the door-locking means at a low value relative to themagnitude of the total pressure against the door. In this regard, myinvention is characterized by the concept of providing a ring around thedoor adapted to expand from an inner position to an outer position, andvice versa, the ring at one of said positions providing forinterengagement between a circumferentially extensive locking surface onthe door and. a second circumferentially extensive locking surface onthe chamber. In the preferred practice of my invention, the locking ring is split toprovide ring ends that may be moved apart to expand the ring and drawntoward each other to contract the ring. Certain objects of my inventionrelate to the provision of simple and efficient means for causing suchrelative movement between the ring ends. Among these objects are thefollowing: to provide means for multiplying manual force exerted by anoperator in moving the ring to lock the door; to provide such means inwhich the mechanical advantage for multiplication of the applied forceprogressively increases in the course of the locking operation; toprovide such means that is irreversible in the sense that thering-operating means is mechanically non-responsive to forces tending tomove the ring to its door-releasing position; and to provide such meansthat may be conveniently latched to hold the ring in its ineffectiveposition when the door is open. In the preferred practice of my invention, a further object in mind isto provide an expansible ring that will have at least some wedgingaction to insure movement of the door to a desired closed position. Another object of my invention is to provide a door-locking arrangementthat incorporates means to indicate whether or not the door is locked,the indicating means being perceptible at any desired point or pointsnear the door or remote from the door. Such an indicating means reducesthe possibility. of accidents, caused, for example, by introducing-fluidunder pressure into the chamber while the door is open or when thedoor-locking ring is not moved completely into its door-lockingposition. A still further object of my invention is to provide safety means toprevent an operator from inadvertently releasing the door-locking meanswhile the chamber contains fluid at dangerous pressure. The above and other objects and advantages of my invention will beapparent in the following description, taken with the accompanyingdrawings. In the drawings, which are to be considered as merely illustrative: Figure lis a plan view, partly in section, of a door at the end of acylindrical chamber incorporating my invention, the view being partlybroken away and partly in section for clarity; Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view showing the door-locking ring and anassociated indicating circuit; Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary section of the door showing thedoor-locking mechanism; Figure 4 is a similar section showing a switch in the indicatingcircuit; Figure 5 is a similar section, taken as indicated by the line 5-5 ofFigure 1; Figure 6 is a fragmentary view, taken as indicated by the arrow 6 inFigure 3, a portion of the wall structure being broken away to revealthe locking mechanism; and Figure 7 is a wiring diagram of circuit means for controllin certainsafety locks in the preferred practice of my invention. 7 The drawings illustrate the invention as applied to a large cylindricalchamber, generally designated l0, having a semi-spherica1 door, gen-'erally designated l I, that is large enough to pass large wing sectionsand other structural parts of aircraft and the like. Such a chamber maybe employed for applying pressure, or pressure together with heat, forsetting adhesive plastic in the fabrication of airplane structure. Since such a large door for withstandin high pressure is necessarily oftremendou weight, and since it is desirable to avoid the use of hinges,it is necessary to provide some power-actuated means for moving the doorinto and out of its closed position. For this purpose, Figure 1 shows aframe structure if! welded to the door. The frame structure i2 provideson each side of the door a plate I! and two flanges l5 for slidingengagement with vertical tracks I 6 made of channel-iron. The verticaltracks are part of a doorsupporting frame IT. The door-supporting frameI! is movable toward and away from the end of the chamber l0 under theguidance of guide bars II and is provided with a suitable hoist (notshown) for elevating and lowering the door when the door-supportingframe I 1 is spaced away from the open end of the cylindrical chamber. As indicated in Figure 3, the chamber Hi has a relatively thick entrancewall 20 to receive telescopically a cylindrical wall portion 2| of thedoor II. On the inner side of the entrance wall 28 is welded a ring 22to provide a seat for a resilient ring 23 of rubber or other suitablematerial. The resilient ring 23 is postioned to serve as a bum'ier tocushion the closing action of the door II, but ii at any time thechamber is employed to develop a vacuum, the resilient ring may functionprimarily as a sealing means, atmospheric pressure exerted over theentire area or the door serving to urge the door against the resilientring in an air-ti ht manner. If the chamber II is placed under super-atmospheric pressure, forexample by the introduction of steam as contemplated herein, leakagefrom the interior of the chamber is prevented by a secand resilientsealing ring 25 seated in an annular recess 26 in the entrance wall 20.This second sealing ring 25 is preferably of U-shaped cross section, asindicated, to form two annular sealing lips 21 having tapered edges.Such a U-shaped sealing ring may be backed up by a metal ring 28 and mayembrace a second metal ring ID that serves to hold the two sealing lips21 apart. Fluid pressure from the interior of the chamber Ill causes thetwo sealing lips'to tlex against the adjacent metal surfaces in aliquid-tight manner. Obviously, various sealing arrangements may beemployed to retain either a vacuum or superatmospheric pressure in thechamber when the door is closed. My invention contemplates the provision of two circumterentiallyextensive shoulders for co0per ation with an expansible ring. Oneshoulder is provided by the chamber structure and faces toward theinterior of the chamber, while the other shoulder is provided by thedoor structure and faces outwardly of the chamber. When the rin isefiective to prevent outward movement at the door in response to chamberpressure, the outwardly-facing door shoulder presses against the ringand the ring, in turn, presses against the inwardly-facing shoulder ofthe chamber structure. As best shown in Figure 4, a chamber shoulder 3| may be formed bycutting a circumferential recess 32 on the inside oi the entrance wall20 of the chamber, while a cooperative door shoulder 33 may be providedby cutting away the material of the cylindrical wall 2! or the door. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that a ring forthe desired cooperation with the two shoulders SI and I! may be adaptedeither to expand out of engagement with the door shoulder 33 or tocontract out of engagement with the chamber shoulder 3|. In other words,the ring may either be mounted on the chamber structure to contract indiameter from an ineffective or door-releasing position intodoor-locking engagement with both the shoulders, or may be mounted onthe door for expansion in diameter from a door-releasing position intodoorlocking engagement with the two shoulders. In my preferredconstruction illustrated by the drawings, I choose to mount anexpansible ring 35 adjacent the door shoulder 33 for expansion into aposition for engaging both the door shoulder 33 and the chamber shoulderII. The particular locking ring 35 shown in the drawings is divideddiametrically into upper and lower sections 36 and 31, respectively.Each of these two sections may carry a pin 38 (Figures 1 and 5) thatslidingly engages a radial slot II in an angular retaining clip ll.Other retaining clips 42, without such slots, may be placed at variouspoints around the door to loosely retain the locking ring 38 when thedoor is in open position. In the present practice of the invention, I employ on each side of thedoor what may be termed a toggle lock, generally designated 0, theconstruction of which is best shown in Figures 3 and 8. Each toggle lockcomprises a pair of interconnected toggle links ll and 48, the link llbeing pivotally connected to a bracket 41 on the end of the upperlocking ring section I, and the link 48 being likewise pivotallyconnected to a bracket 48 on the lower locking ring section 31. Formanual control, the lower toggle link ll may be one arm of an operatinglever ll having a suitable handle 8|. When the operating lever II is raised to locking position, as indicatedin Figure 6, the two toggle links 4! and I! move past center to providea positive lock with no reaction forces tending to throw the lock open.In other words, by arranging for the two toggle links to move pastcenter in expanding the ring, I provide what may be termed anirreversible linkage in the sense that any tendency of the ring sectionsto move together does not create any tendency tcrthe toggle links toswing to their door-releasing positions. The two toggle locks 43 on opposite sides of the door are opened bysimply swinging the operating levers 50 downwardly, and, forconvenience, a suitable latch 52 may be provided to hold each togglelock open, thereby to hold the divided locking ring in radiallycontracted state. Each latch 52, as best shown in Figures 3 and 6, maycomprise simply a leaf-spring arm bent to form a suitable latchingshoulder 53 ior engagement with the associated operating lever SI, thearm being adapted for flexure out oi latching position. Figures 1, 2, and 4 indicate how, in the preferred practice or myinvention, I may incorporate means to indicate whether or not thelooking ring 38 is in its effective position to hold the door ll closed.Four switches II may be placed at equally spaced positions around thecircumference of the entrance wall 20 of the chamber, each of theswitches having an operating plunger I8 that extends through a bore 81(Figure 4) in the entrance wall into the path of expansion of thelocking ring SI. These lour switches ll are closed only when the lockingring SI is properly expanded into its locking position so that failureof any one of the four switches to close indicates that the door II isnot properly locked. As shown diagrammatically in Figure 2, the switches may be connected inseries by wires II, with one end or the series connected to a wire I andthe other end of the series connected to a wire I. A battery 82, orother suitable source of electromotive force, is shown with one terminalconnected to the wire 8. and the other terminal connected in parallel toindividual signal lamps i3 and t5, the two signal lamps being, in turn,individually connected to the wire II. It is apparent that, when thefour switches II are all closed by expansion of the locking ring II, the two signal lamps i3 and BI will be energized to indicate that it is safeto introduce fluid under pressure into the chamber II. The two signallamps 63 and 65 may be at different stations, one station, for example,being near the entrance to the pressure chamber and the other stationbeing in a boiler room within sight of a valve employed for regulatingthe flow of steam into the chamber III. In the preferred practice of my invention, 1 also incorporate suitablesafety means eifective automatically to prevent anyone frominadvertently unlocking the door while a hazardous condition exists withrespect to the interior of the chamber It, for example to prevent anyonefrom unlocking the door while the chamber is charged with fluid at adangerous pressure. Figure 6 shows, by way of example, how the operating lever 50 may beprovided with a short extension 88 that is concentric with the axis ofrotation of the lever and is formed with a locking recess 81 forcooperation with a safety lock 8. The safety lock 68 is in the form of asolenoid mounted on the door by suitable screws II, which solenoid hasan operating plunger 1| to serve as a locking member for movement intoand out of the locking recess 61. It is contemplated that the plunger Hof the solenoid will be retracted from the locking recess when thesolenoid is de-energized and will automatically enter the recess toprevent opening movement of the lever 50 whenever the solenoid isenergized. Figure '7 shows schematically how the two coils 12, respectively, of thetwo safety locks 80 that lie on opposite sides of the door H may beconnected in parallel between two wires ll and II. The wire I! isconnected to one terminal of a battery 11, or other suitableelectromotive source, and the other terminal of the battery is connectedto one side of a pressure-responsive switch II. The wire 16 is connectedto the other side of the switch It to complete the circuit. Wheneverfluid under pressure is introduced into the chamber it while the door IIis closed, with the two operating arms 50 in the position indicated inFigure 6. the switch ll responds to the chamber pressure by closing thecircuit shown in Figure '1, thereby energizing the two coils I! to causethe two safety locks 8| to lock the operating handles Bl against openingmovement. The safety locks it may be released only by causing thechamber pressure to drop to a safe level. The manner in which the invention operates will be readily apparent fromthe foregoing description. when the door is moved into closed positionpreliminary to the processing of material in the chamber ID, theoperator swings each of the operating levers 50 upwardly to the positionshown in full lines in Figure 6. It will be noted that the operating arm{I is considerably longer than the toggle link ll, thereby multiplyingthe manual i'orce applied by the operator to the handle Ii. It will befurther noted that, by virtue of the toggle linkage, the are rangementprovides increasingly favorable leverage for the operator as-the handleSi is raised to fully locked position. In approaching the fully lockedposition shown in full lines in Figure 6, the two toggle links ll and Itswing past center, i. e., move the interconnectin toggle pin I! past astraight line defined by the axes of the two togslepinsllandll. v It is to be noted in Figures 3, 4, and 5 that the expanslble ring I5 hasa wedging portion, or what may be termed a rounded leading edge It tocooperate with the chamber shoulder ii to wedge the door shut wheneverslight wedging action is required to shift the door to its final closedposition, When it is safe to open the door after the chamber pressure has beenreduced at the end of a processing period, the operator swings the twooperating levers downwardly, thereby moving the associated parts to thepositions indicated by dotted lines in Figure 6. This downward movementcauses the operating arm 50 to be releasably engaged by the latch arm I!to hold the locking ring I! in contracted position so long as the dooris open. By providing the latch arm 52, I insure that the locking ring35 will not accidentally expand to interfere with subsequent closingaction of the door. The two latch arms 52 may be readily flexed torelease the operating handles it whenever desired. The preferred practice of my invention described in detail herein willsuggest to those skilled in the art various changes and substitutionsunder my basic concept, and I reserve the right to all such departuresfrom my disclosure that properly lie within the scope of my appendedclaims. I claim as my invention: 1. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to loci;the door, comprising: a first shoulder on the exterior of said door.said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second shoulder on awall of the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interior ofthe chamber; an expansible ring adapted to expand from an inner positionto an outer position and vice versa, said ring being dimensioned toclear one of said shoulders at one of said positions and to engage'bothof said shoulders at the other of said positions, thereby to lock thedoor: and an indicating means responsive to expansion and contraction ofsaid ring to indicate whether or not the door is locked. 2. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lockthe door, comprising: a first shoulder on the exterior of said door.said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber: a second shoulder on awall of the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interior ofthe chamber; an expansible ring adapted to expand from an inner positionto an outer position and vice versa, said ring being dimensioned toclear one of said shoulders at one of said positions and to engage bothof said shoulders at the other of said positions, thereby to lock thedoor; an indicating circuit; signal means controlled by said circuit toindicate whether or not the door is locked; and a plurality of switchmeans in said circuit positioned at spaced points of said rin saidswitch means being responsive to expansion and contraction of said ringfor opening and -losing said circuit. 3. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lockthe door, comprising: a first annular shoulder on the exterior of saiddoor, said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second annularshoulder on the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interiorof the chamber; a ring split to provide separable ends for expansion ofthe ring and contraction of the ring; means acting between saidseparable ends of the ring to expand the ring from an inner position toan outer position and vice versa, said ring at one of said positionsclearing one of said shoulders and in the other of said positionsenaging both said shoulders to hold the door in closed position; anindicating circuit; switch means in said circuit responsive to expansionand contraction of said ring to open and close said ircuit; and signalmeans controlled by said circuit to indicate whether or not said ring isin the oosition to lock the door. 4. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lockthe door, comprising:- a first annular shoulder on the exterior of saiddoor, said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamher; a second annularshoulder on the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interiorof the chamber; a ring split to provide separable ends for expansion ofthe ring and contraction of the ring; toggle means acting between saidseparable ends of the ring to expand the ring from an inner positionclearing said second shoulder to an outer position engaging both of saidshoulders, said toggle means being constructed and arranged to move pastcenter in expanding the ring to lock the ring against forces tending tocontract the ring; an indicating circuit; switch means in said circuitresponsive to expansion and contraction of said ring to close thecircuit when said ring is expanded into locking position; and signalmeans in said circuit to indicate when said ring is expanded intolocking position. 5. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lockthe door, comprising: a first annular shoulder on the exterior of saiddoor, said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second annularshoulder on the chamber, said second shoulder facing toward the interiorof the chamber; a ring split to provide separable ends for expansion ofthe ring and contraction f the ring; toggle means acting between --saidseparable ends of the ring to expandthe ring from 1' inner positionclearing said second shoulder to an outer position engaging both of saidshoulders, said toggle means being constructed and arranged to move pastcenter'in expanding the rin thereby to lock against forces tending tocontract the ring; an indicating circuit; switch means in said circuitresponsive to expansion and contraction of said ring to close thecircuit when said ring is expanded into locking position; signal meansin said circuit to indicate when said ring is expanded into lockingposition; and latch means to hold said toggle means in ring-contractingposition to prevent closing of said switch means and consequentenergization of said indicating circuit, thereby preventing operation ofsaid signal means when said ring is contracted into unlocking position. 6. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to lockthe door, comprising: a first shoulder on the exterior of said door,said shoulder facing outwardly of the chamber; a second shoulder on awall of the chamber facing toward the interior of the chamber; a ringsplit to provide separable ends; toggle means acting between theseparable ends of the ring to expand the ring from an inner position toan outer position and vice versa, said ring at one of said positionsclearing one of said shoulders to permit opening of the door and at theother of said positions engaging both of said shoulders to lock thedoor; electrically-actuated safety means to lock said toggle meansagainst door-releasing movement; a circuit to energize said safetymeans: and a switch in said circuit, said switch being responsive topressure in said chamber to cause said safety means to lock said togglewhen the pres sure in the chamber rises above a predetermined va ue. 7. The combination with a door and a pressure chamber of means to locksaid door, comprising: a shoulder provided on the exterior of said doorand facing outwardly; another shoulder provided on a wall of saidchamber and facing inwardly: locking means adapted to be moved to innerand outer positions with respect to said shoulders, said means clearingone of said shoulders in one of said positions and engaging both' ofsaid shoulders inthe other of said positions whereby to lock said door;electrically-actuated safety means to lock said locking means indoor-locking position; a circuit to energize said safety lock; and aswitch in said circuit responsive to pressure in said chamber to causesaid safety means to lock said locking means when a predeterminedpressure develops in said chamber. WILLIAM LLOYD CULLEN.

2024-03-22

1943-05-22

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