---
language:
- bn
- en
- gu
- hi
- kn
- ml
- mr
- or
- pa
- ta
- te
- ur
license: cc-by-4.0
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
pretty_name: Pralekha
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: n_id
    dtype: string
  - name: doc_id
    dtype: string
  - name: lang
    dtype: string
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: aligned
    num_bytes: 10274361211
    num_examples: 1566404
  - name: unaligned
    num_bytes: 4466506637
    num_examples: 783197
  download_size: 5812005886
  dataset_size: 14740867848
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: aligned
    path: data/aligned-*
  - split: unaligned
    path: data/unaligned-*
tags:
- data-mining
- document-alignment
- parallel-corpus
---

# Pralekha: An Indic Document Alignment Evaluation Benchmark

<div style="display: flex; gap: 10px;">
  <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19096">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2411.19096-B31B1B" alt="arXiv">
  </a>
  <a href="https://huggingface.co./datasets/ai4bharat/Pralekha">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/huggingface-Pralekha-yellow" alt="HuggingFace">
  </a>
  <a href="https://github.com/AI4Bharat/Pralekha">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/github-Pralekha-blue" alt="GitHub">
  </a>
  <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-CC%20BY%204.0-lightgrey" alt="License: CC BY 4.0">
  </a>
</div>

**PRALEKHA** is a large-scale benchmark for evaluating document-level alignment techniques. It includes 2M+ documents, covering 11 Indic languages and English, with a balanced mix of aligned and unaligned pairs.

---

## Dataset Description

**PRALEKHA** covers 12 languages—Bengali (`ben`), Gujarati (`guj`), Hindi (`hin`), Kannada (`kan`), Malayalam (`mal`), Marathi (`mar`), Odia (`ori`), Punjabi (`pan`), Tamil (`tam`), Telugu (`tel`), Urdu (`urd`), and English (`eng`). It includes a mixture of high- and medium-resource languages, covering 11 different scripts. The dataset spans two broad domains: **news bulletins** and **podcast scripts**, offering both written and spoken forms of data. All the data is human-written or human-verified, ensuring high quality.

The dataset has a **1:2 ratio of aligned to unaligned document pairs**, making it ideal for benchmarking cross-lingual document alignment techniques.

### Data Fields

Each data sample includes:

- **`n_id`:** Unique identifier for aligned document pairs.
- **`doc_id`:** Unique identifier for individual documents.
- **`lang`:** Language of the document (ISO-3 code).
- **`text`:** The textual content of the document.

### Data Sources

1. **News Bulletins:** Data was custom-scraped from the [Indian Press Information Bureau (PIB)](https://pib.gov.in) website. Documents were aligned by matching bulletin IDs, which interlink bulletins across languages.
2. **Podcast Scripts:** Data was sourced from [Mann Ki Baat](https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/mann-ki-baat), a radio program hosted by the Indian Prime Minister. This program, originally spoken in Hindi, was manually transcribed and translated into various Indian languages.

### Dataset Size Statistics

| Split         | Number of Documents | Size (bytes)       |
|---------------|---------------------|--------------------|
| **Aligned**   | 1,566,404           | 10,274,361,211     |
| **Unaligned** | 783,197             | 4,466,506,637      |
| **Total**     | 2,349,601           | 14,740,867,848     |

### Language-wise Statistics

| Language (`ISO-3`) | Aligned Documents | Unaligned Documents | Total Documents |
|---------------------|-------------------|---------------------|-----------------|
| Bengali (`ben`)     | 95,813            | 47,906              | 143,719         |
| English (`eng`)     | 298,111           | 149,055             | 447,166         |
| Gujarati (`guj`)    | 67,847            | 33,923              | 101,770         |
| Hindi (`hin`)       | 204,809           | 102,404             | 307,213         |
| Kannada (`kan`)     | 61,998            | 30,999              | 92,997          |
| Malayalam (`mal`)   | 67,760            | 33,880              | 101,640         |
| Marathi (`mar`)     | 135,301           | 67,650              | 202,951         |
| Odia (`ori`)        | 46,167            | 23,083              | 69,250          |
| Punjabi (`pan`)     | 108,459           | 54,229              | 162,688         |
| Tamil (`tam`)       | 149,637           | 74,818              | 224,455         |
| Telugu (`tel`)      | 110,077           | 55,038              | 165,115         |
| Urdu (`urd`)        | 220,425           | 110,212             | 330,637         |

---

# Usage

You can use the following commands to download and explore the dataset:

## Downloading the Entire Dataset
```python
from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("ai4bharat/pralekha")
```
## Downloading a Specific Split (aligned or unaligned)
``` python
from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("ai4bharat/pralekha", split="<split_name>")
# For example: dataset = load_dataset("ai4bharat/pralekha", split="aligned")
```
## Downloading a Specific Language from a Split
```python
from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("ai4bharat/pralekha", split="<split_name>/<lang_code>")
# For example: dataset = load_dataset("ai4bharat/pralekha", split="aligned/ben")
```
---

## License

This dataset is released under the [**CC BY 4.0**](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license.

---

## Contact

For any questions or feedback, please contact:

- Raj Dabre ([raj.dabre@cse.iitm.ac.in](mailto:raj.dabre@cse.iitm.ac.in))  
- Sanjay Suryanarayanan ([sanj.ai@outlook.com](mailto:sanj.ai@outlook.com))  
- Haiyue Song ([haiyue.song@nict.go.jp](mailto:haiyue.song@nict.go.jp))  
- Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan ([safikhan2000@gmail.com](mailto:safikhan2000@gmail.com))  

Please get in touch with us for any copyright concerns.