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[ { "id": "90835", "type": "document", "text": [ "The influence of type of incision on the success rate of implant integration at stage II uncovering surgery . In 1991 , the Dental Implant Clinical Research Group comprising 30 Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers and two dental schools initiated a long-term clinical study to investigate the clinical performance of implants within the Spectra-System ( Core-Vent Corporation , Las Vegas , NV ) . This article focuses on a portion of the study database related to incision type , implant success rates , and response of crestal bone up to the time of surgical uncovering . The crestal incision was used for 1,705 implants ( 381 patients ) and the remote incision for 593 implants ( 141 patients ) . No statistically significant difference ( P = .092 chi-square statistic ) was found in implant integration or the response of crestal bone ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 849 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "90836", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "type of incision" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90837", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90838", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "implants" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90839", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "surgical uncovering" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90840", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "crestal incision" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90841", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "remote incision" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90842", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "implant integration" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90843", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "response of crestal bone" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90844", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "implant integration" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90845", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stage II uncovering surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90846", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "implants within the Spectra-System" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90847", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1,705 implants" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90848", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "381 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90849", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "593 implants" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 689 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90850", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "141 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 692, 704 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "90852", "type": "document", "text": [ "Naltrexone in young autistic children : replication study and learning measures . OBJECTIVE This study expanded upon previous work on naltrexone efficacy and safety in young autistic children and assessed performance on learning measures . METHOD Eleven children with autistic disorder , aged 3.0 to 8.3 years , were studied in home , school , and outpatient laboratory , bringing to 24 the combined study sample . Naltrexone , 1.0 mg/kg , was given daily in a randomized , double-blind , crossover design . Dependent measures were parent and teacher Clinical Global Impressions ( CGI ) and Naltrexone Side Effects Rating Scale ( SE ) , Conners Parent Impulsivity/Hyperactivity Factor , Teacher Hyperactivity Factor , laboratory CGI , and analysis of videotaped behavior . Learning measures were the Early Intervention Developmental Profile-Language and paired-associate learning . RESULTS Comparisons between naltrexone and baseline , but not naltrexone and placebo , on parent and teacher ratings showed statistical significance . Three of 11 subjects improved in two or more settings . Side effects were mild . Administering naltrexone was a challenge . The combined study sample showed improvement on all parent measures and on Teacher CGI and SE-Restlessness compared with baseline and placebo . Eleven of the 24 children improved in two or more settings . Scores on learning measures did not change across conditions . CONCLUSIONS Naltrexone was associated with modest improvement of behavior in 11 of 24 children , but learning did not improve ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1552 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "90853", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90854", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90855", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90856", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90857", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90858", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90859", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90860", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90861", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90862", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Clinical Global Impressions ( CGI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90863", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Naltrexone Side Effects Rating Scale ( SE ) ," ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90864", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Conners Parent Impulsivity/Hyperactivity Factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 684 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90865", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Teacher Hyperactivity Factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90866", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Early Intervention Developmental Profile-Language" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90867", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "paired-associate learning" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 879 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90868", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90869", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "parent measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1209, 1224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90870", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Teacher CGI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1232, 1243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90871", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "SE-Restlessness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90872", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "learning measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90873", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90874", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "learning" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90875", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Eleven children with autistic disorder , aged 3.0 to 8.3 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 309 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "90877", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term follow-up of three randomized trials comparing idarubicin and daunorubicin as induction therapies for patients with untreated acute myeloid leukemia . BACKGROUND Most clinical trials for acute leukemia have reported results after 2-3 years of follow-up . Comparisons between the original data and longer-term follow-up data may be of interest , particularly with regard to promising new therapies . METHODS In 1996 , survival data were updated from three prospective , randomized comparisons of idarubicin and daunorubicin that began in 1984 and 1985 . These were trials of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center ( MSKCC ) , the U.S. Multicenter Study Group , and the Southeastern Cancer Study Group ( SEG ) . The original results of these trials were reported in 1991 and 1992 . RESULTS The original results of the SEG trial demonstrated no significant difference between idarubicin and daunorubicin . The updated survival analysis showed similar results . The MSKCC trial revealed a significant advantage of idarubicin compared with daunorubicin in both the original and the updated analyses . The U.S. Multicenter trial found a significant difference favoring idarubicin in the original analysis , but the difference was not significant in the updated analysis . CONCLUSIONS It is essential that the median length of follow-up be clearly stated in any clinical trial . When the results obtained with a particularly promising new drug or procedure are presented early in the course of study ( within 1-2 years ) , the investigators should strongly consider a repeat evaluation after an additional 3-5 years of follow-up ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1637 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "90878", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "idarubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90879", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "daunorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90880", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "idarubicin and daunorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90881", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significant difference between idarubicin and daunorubicin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90882", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival analysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 929, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90883", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "advantage of idarubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90884", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "untreated acute myeloid leukemia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90885", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "In 1996 , survival data were updated from three prospective , randomized comparisons of idarubicin and daunorubicin that began in 1984 and 1985 . These were trials of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center ( MSKCC ) , the U.S. Multicenter Study Group , and the Southeastern Cancer Study Group ( SEG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "90887", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril on plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction . This study sought to determine whether early treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) is useful for the improvement of fibrinolytic function , as well as left ventricular function . This study was designed to examine the levels of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activity and serum ACE activity during the course of 2 weeks in 40 patients with AMI within 12 hours after the onset of the symptom and who randomly received early treatment with either the ACE inhibitor imidapril or a placebo ( 20 patients in the imidapril group and 20 in the placebo group ) . The levels of serum ACE activity in the imidapril group decreased significantly ( p < 0.01 ) 8 hours after the administration of imidapril , and the levels 24 hours after administration were significantly lower than those in the placebo group ( 3.6 +/- 0.6 IU/L vs 7.4 +/- 0.8 IU/L ; p < 0.001 ) . The plasma PAI activity increased gradually to peak levels 16 hours after the administration of imidapril and placebo . The levels in the placebo group decreased gradually but remained high during the study period . On the other hand , the levels of PAI activity in the imidapril group decreased rapidly and those 48 hours after administration were significantly lower than those in the placebo group ( 7.9 +/- 1.9 IU/ml vs 18.4 +/- 3.5 IU/ml ; p < 0.01 ) . The levels of left ventricular ejection fraction about 2 weeks after admission were significantly higher in the imidapril group than in the placebo group ( 65.9 % +/- 2.5 % vs 49.1 % +/- 4.4 % ; p < 0.01 ) . This study showed that imidapril , an ACE inhibitor , might be useful for the improvement of fibrinolytic function and left ventricular function in the acute phase of myocardial infarction ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1971 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "90888", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90889", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90890", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ACE inhibitor imidapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90891", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 740, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90892", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imidapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90893", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imidapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90894", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 740, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90895", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 740, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90896", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imidapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90897", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fibrinolytic function" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90898", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular function" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90899", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI ) activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90900", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum ACE activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90901", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "levels of serum ACE activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90902", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma PAI activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90903", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "levels of PAI activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1355, 1377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90904", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "levels of left ventricular ejection fraction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1577, 1621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90905", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fibrinolytic function" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90906", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventricular function" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90907", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90908", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "40" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90909", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "AMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 326 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90910", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 752 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90911", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 752 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "90913", "type": "document", "text": [ "Evaluation of hypertensive patients after care provided by community pharmacists in a rural setting . We evaluated blood pressure control , quality of life , quality of care , and satisfaction of patients who were monitored by specially trained community pharmacists in a group medical practice . After participating in an intensive skill development program , pharmacists performed in an interdisciplinary team in a rural clinic . The primary objective was assessed by evaluating outcome variables at 6 months compared with baseline in 25 patients randomly assigned to a study group . A control group of 26 patients was also evaluated to determine if outcome variables remained constant from baseline to 6 months . Systolic blood pressure was reduced in the study group ( 151 mm Hg baseline , 140 mm Hg at 6 mo , p < 0.001 ) and diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower at 2 , 4 , and 5 months compared with baseline . Ratings from a blinded peer review panel indicated significant improvement in the appropriateness of the blood pressure regimen , going from 8.7 +/- 4.7 to 10.9 +/- 4.5 in the study group ( p < 0.01 ) , but they did not change in the control group . Several quality of life scores improved significantly in the study group after 6 months ( p < 0.05 ) . These included physical functioning ( 61.6 vs 70.7 ) , physical role limitations ( 56.8 vs 72.8 ) , and bodily pain ( 60.0 vs 71.7 ) at baseline and 6 months , respectively . There were no significant changes in the control group . Patient satisfaction scores were consistently higher in the study group at the end of the study . Our results indicate that when community pharmacists in a clinic setting are trained and included as members of the primary care team , significant improvements in blood pressure control , quality of life , and patient satisfaction can be achieved ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1860 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "90914", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "community pharmacists" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90915", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "specially trained community pharmacists" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90916", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "intensive skill development program" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90917", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "community pharmacists" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90918", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure control" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90919", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90920", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of care" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90921", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "satisfaction of patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90922", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Systolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 739 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90923", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diastolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 854 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90924", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90925", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "physical functioning" ], "offsets": [ [ 1296, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90926", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "physical role limitations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1336, 1361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90927", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "bodily pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1385, 1396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90928", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Patient satisfaction scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1513, 1540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90929", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure control" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90930", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90931", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "patient satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1822, 1842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90932", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90933", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "rural setting" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90934", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "25" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90935", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "26" ], "offsets": [ [ 605, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "90937", "type": "document", "text": [ "Radiotherapy and CCNU in the treatment of high-grade supratentorial astrocytomas . Forty-one consecutive patients with supratentorial primary brain tumors ( 38 Grade III and IV astrocytomas , one giant-cell astrocytoma , and two cases with insufficient tissue for diagnosis ) were randomly allocated within 2 weeks of surgery to one of three therapeutic groups . Group 1 ( 15 patients ) received radiation therapy totaling 4000 to 4500 rads in 4 to 5 weeks . Group 2 ( 13 patients ) received 1- ( 2-chloroethyl ) -3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea CCNU ) 130 mg/sq m orally every 6 weeks . Group 3 ( 13 patients ) received radiation therapy plus CCNU as for Groups 1 and 2 . When the disease progressed , patients in Groups 1 and 2 were crossed over to receive CCNU and irradiation respectively . The median survival time in these groups was 188 , 259 , and 252 days , and the mean survival 263 , 262 , and 329 days . The median time from diagnosis to crossover ( Groups 1 and 2 ) or to progression ( Group 3 ) was 163 , 99 , and 220 days , and the mean time was 172 , 108 , and 231 days . There was no statistically significant difference between the means or medians in any of these situations ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1190 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "90938", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90939", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCNU" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90940", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90941", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1- ( 2-chloroethyl ) -3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea CCNU )" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90942", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "radiation therapy plus CCNU" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90943", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCNU" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90944", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "median survival time" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90945", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90946", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median time from diagnosis to crossover ( Groups 1 and 2 ) or to progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90947", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "means or medians" ], "offsets": [ [ 1145, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90948", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90949", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "supratentorial primary brain tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90950", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "38" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90951", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Grade III and IV astrocytomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90952", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "one" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90953", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "giant-cell astrocytoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90954", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "two" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 228 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "90956", "type": "document", "text": [ "MSL-109 adjuvant therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome : the Monoclonal Antibody Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial . The Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group . AIDS Clinical Trials Group . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intravenous human monoclonal antibody to cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) , MSL-109 , as adjuvant treatment for CMV retinitis . METHODS Two hundred nine patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and active CMV retinitis were enrolled in a multicenter , phase 2/3 , randomized , placebo-controlled clinical trial . Patients received adjuvant treatment with MSL-109 , 60 mg intravenously every 2 weeks , or placebo . Randomization was stratified on the basis of whether patients had untreated or relapsed retinitis . Primary drug therapy for CMV retinitis was determined by the treating physician . RESULTS The rates of retinitis progression , as evaluated in a masked fashion , were 3.04/person-year in the MSL-109-treated group and 3.05/person-year in the placebo-treated group ( P=.98 ; Wald test ) ; the median times to progression were 67 days in the MSL-109-treated group and 65 days in the placebo-treated group . No differences between the 2 groups were noted in the rates of increase in retinal area involved by CMV , visual field loss , or visual acuity outcomes . The mortality rate in the MSL-109-treated group was 0.68/person-year , and in the placebo-treated group , 0.31/person-year ( P=.01 ) . The mortality difference was not explained by differences in baseline variables or in concurrent antiretroviral therapy . Among patients with newly diagnosed retinitis , mortality rates were similar ( MSL-109 , 0.41/person-year ; placebo , 0.42/person-year ; P=.95 ) , whereas among patients with relapsed retinitis the MSL-109-treated group had a greater mortality rate ( MSL-109 , 0.83/person-year ; placebo , 0.24/person-year ; P=.003 ) . However , the mortality rate in the placebo-treated patients with relapsed CMV retinitis was lower than that in the placebo-treated patients with newly diagnosed CMV retinitis and lower than that in other trials of patients with relapsed CMV retinitis . CONCLUSIONS Intravenous MSL-109 , 60 mg every 2 weeks , appeared to be ineffective adjuvant therapy for CMV retinitis . The mortality rate was higher in the MSL-109-treated group , but the reasons for this difference remain uncertain ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2446 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "90957", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MSL-109 adjuvant therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90958", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MSL-109" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90959", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90960", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MSL-109" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90961", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90962", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Primary drug therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90963", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MSL-109-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90964", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1078 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90965", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MSL-109-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90966", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MSL-109-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90967", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1078 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90968", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MSL-109-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90969", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MSL-109" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90970", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90971", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1078 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90972", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MSL-109" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90973", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MSL-109-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90974", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90975", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rates of retinitis progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90976", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rates of increase in retinal area involved by CMV , visual field loss , or visual acuity outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1280, 1377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90977", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90978", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90979", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1685, 1700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90980", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90981", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90982", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ineffective" ], "offsets": [ [ 2282, 2293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90983", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90984", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cytomegalovirus retinitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90985", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Ocular Complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90986", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Two hundred nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90987", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90988", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "CMV retinitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 425 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "90990", "type": "document", "text": [ "Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis : a prospective , randomized , controlled trial in comatose or sedated patients undergoing femoral vein catheterization . OBJECTIVES To determine the rate of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis after the use of femoral catheters in intensive care unit ( ICU ) comatose or sedated adults . Results were then compared with results of patients undergoing superior vena cava catheterization . DESIGN Prospective , randomized , controlled , unblinded study . SETTING A mixed medical/surgical ICU in a university hospital . PATIENTS Sixty-one comatose or sedated patients admitted to the ICU who underwent central venous catheterization . INTERVENTIONS Patients were monitored for signs of thrombotic complications . On catheter removal , a lower-extremity bilateral phlebographic examination was performed in each patient . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS After randomization , 31 patients underwent femoral vein catheterization and 30 patients underwent superior vena cava catheterization , either by axillary ( 21 patients ) or internal jugular vein ( 10 patients ) cannulation . Single lumen polyurethane catheters were inserted for a mean duration of 7.1 +/- 4.6 ( SD ) days in the femoral vein group and 9.9 +/- 5.5 days in the superior vena cava group ( p = NS ) . No patient had clinical signs of leg venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism during the study period . In each patient , lower extremity bilateral phlebography was performed at the time of catheter removal . Leg phlebographies were normal in 18 ( 60 % ) patients in the femoral vein group and 26 ( 84 % ) patients in the superior vena cava group . Fibrin sleeves which developed around the femoral catheters were seen in seven ( 23.3 % ) patients in the femoral vein group and in no patients in the superior vena cava cannulation group . Three patients had femoral vein thrombosis , two ( 6.6 % ) patients in the femoral vein group ( two nonobstructive thromboses , adherent to the common femoral vein wall ) and one ( 3.0 % ) patient in the superior vena cava group ( nonobstructive thrombosis which developed in the superficial femoral vein ) ( p = NS ) . Lower deep extremities thrombosis developed in five ( 16.7 % ) patients in the femoral vein group and in five ( 16 % ) patients in the superior vena cava group ( p = NS ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein catheterization with a polyurethane catheter is associated with a lower rate of extremity deep vein thrombosis which is similar to the rate observed after superior vena cannulation in comatose or sedated patients . Femoral vein thrombosis was observed at a rate of 6.6 % after femoral vein cannulation and a rate of 3 % after superior vena cava cannulation . Given the acceptable rate of this clinically important complication , femoral vein cannulation offers an attractive alternative to insertion via the vena cava in the critically ill ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2899 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "90991", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "femoral vein catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90992", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "femoral catheters" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90993", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "superior vena cava catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90994", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "central venous catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90995", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "femoral vein catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90996", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "superior vena cava catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90997", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Single lumen polyurethane catheters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90998", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "femoral vein group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "90999", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "superior vena cava" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91000", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "lower extremity bilateral phlebography" ], "offsets": [ [ 1423, 1461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91001", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "femoral vein" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91002", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "superior vena cava cannulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1801, 1831 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91003", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "femoral vein" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91004", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "superior vena cava" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91005", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Femoral vein catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 2345, 2373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91006", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "femoral vein cannulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2635, 2659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91007", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "superior vena cava cannulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1801, 1831 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91008", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "femoral vein cannulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2635, 2659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91009", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "vena cava" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91010", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis :" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91011", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91012", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thrombotic complications ." ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91013", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leg venous thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1335, 1356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91014", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pulmonary embolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91015", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lower extremity bilateral phlebography" ], "offsets": [ [ 1423, 1461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91016", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Leg phlebographies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1510, 1528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91017", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fibrin sleeves" ], "offsets": [ [ 1650, 1664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91018", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "femoral vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1859, 1882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91019", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Lower deep extremities thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2160, 2193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91020", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of extremity deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2430, 2468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91021", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Femoral vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2573, 2596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91022", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "comatose or sedated patients undergoing femoral vein catheterization ." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91023", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 574 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91024", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "31" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 911 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91025", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "30" ], "offsets": [ [ 964, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91026", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "21" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1046 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91028", "type": "document", "text": [ "Biochemical markers as predictors of bone mineral density changes after GnRH agonist treatment . To evaluate bone biochemical markers as predictors of the efficacy of a hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) , we studied the bone changes induced by the cessation and return of ovarian function in 28 patients treated for 6 months with a GnRH agonist . This model reproduced the effects observed in postmenopausal women with high bone turnover treated with HRT . At the end of the treatment , Z scores were 1.8 +/- 0.3 for Crosslaps ( CTx ) and deoxypyridinoline ( D-Pyr ) , and 1.1 +/- 0.2 for bone alkaline phosphatase ( B-ALP ) and osteocalcin ( OC ) . This indicated an imbalance in bone remodeling with a high bone resorption . Bone mineral density ( BMD ) fell by 4.2 +/- 2.5 % . The changes in BMD between the 6th and 12th months were 0 . 34 +/- 2.24 and -1.73 +/- 3.25 % at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck , respectively . Biochemical markers except urinary calcium and hydroxyproline measured at 6 months were positively correlated with the BMD changes at the lumbar spine . After the resumption of menstruation , 13 of 28 women displayed positive spine BMD changes between the 6th and 12th months ; in this group , bone biochemical markers measured at 6 months were significantly higher ( P = 0.02 ) . Stepwise regression analysis showed that the association of B-ALP and D-Pyr measured at 6 months explained 40 % of BMD variance and the association of B-ALP , PTH , and estradiol 56 % . We conclude that measuring individual biochemical bone markers can help to predict the bone effect of an increase in the circulating estradiol in women with ovarian deficiency ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1677 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91029", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GnRH agonist" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91030", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hormone replacement therapy ( HRT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91031", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GnRH agonist" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91032", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91033", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Z scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 497 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91034", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone alkaline phosphatase ( B-ALP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91035", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "osteocalcin ( OC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91036", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "imbalance in bone remodeling" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91037", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high bone resorption" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91038", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Bone mineral density ( BMD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91039", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in BMD" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91040", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Biochemical markers" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91041", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urinary calcium and hydroxyproline" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 994 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91042", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BMD changes at the lumbar spine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1083 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91043", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "positive spine BMD changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91044", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone biochemical markers" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91045", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "association of B-ALP and D-Pyr" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91046", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BMD variance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1429, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91047", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "of B-ALP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1371, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91048", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1473, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91049", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1483, 1492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91050", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "biochemical bone markers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91051", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1587, 1598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91052", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after GnRH agonist treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91053", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hormone replacement therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91055", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of creatine supplementation on repetitive sprint performance and body composition in competitive swimmers . In a double-blind and randomized manner , 18 male and female junior competitive swimmers supplemented their diets with 21 g.day-1 of creatine monohydrate ( Cr ) or a maltodextrin placebo ( P ) for 9 days during training . Prior to and following supplementation , subjects performed three 100-m freestyle sprint swims ( long course ) with 60 s rest/recovery between heats . In addition , subjects performed three 20-s arm ergometer maximal-effort sprint tests in the prone position with 60 s rest/recovery between sprint tests . Significant differences were observed among swim times , with Cr subjects swimming significantly faster than P subjects following supplementation in Heat 1 and significantly decreasing swim time in the second 100-m sprint . There was also some evidence that cumulative time to perform the three 100-m swims was decreased in the Cr group . Results indicate that 9 days of Cr supplementation during swim training may provide some ergogenic value to competitive junior swimmers during repetitive sprint performance ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1157 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91056", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "creatine supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91057", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "creatine monohydrate ( Cr )" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91058", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "maltodextrin placebo ( P )" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91059", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91060", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "swim times" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91061", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "swim time" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 697 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91062", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cumulative time to perform the three 100-m swims" ], "offsets": [ [ 902, 950 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91064", "type": "document", "text": [ "A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias . The Antiarrhythmics versus Implantable Defibrillators ( AVID ) Investigators . BACKGROUND Patients who survive life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias are at risk for recurrent arrhythmias . They can be treated with either an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or antiarrhythmic drugs , but the relative efficacy of these two treatment strategies is unknown . METHODS To address this issue , we conducted a randomized comparison of these two treatment strategies in patients who had been resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular fibrillation or who had undergone cardioversion from sustained ventricular tachycardia . Patients with ventricular tachycardia also had either syncope or other serious cardiac symptoms , along with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.40 or less . One group of patients was treated with implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator ; the other received class III antiarrhythmic drugs , primarily amiodarone at empirically determined doses . Fifty-six clinical centers screened all patients who presented with ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation during a period of nearly four years . Of 1016 patients ( 45 percent of whom had ventricular fibrillation , and 55 percent ventricular tachycardia ) , 507 were randomly assigned to treatment with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and 509 to antiarrhythmic-drug therapy . The primary end point was overall mortality . RESULTS Follow-up was complete for 1013 patients ( 99.7 percent ) . Overall survival was greater with the implantable defibrillator , with unadjusted estimates of 89.3 percent , as compared with 82.3 percent in the antiarrhythmic-drug group at one year , 81.6 percent versus 74.7 percent at two years , and 75.4 percent versus 64.1 percent at three years ( P < 0.02 ) . The corresponding reductions in mortality ( with 95 percent confidence limits ) with the implantable defibrillator were 39+/-20 percent , 27+/-21 percent , and 31+/-21 percent CONCLUSIONS Among survivors of ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia causing severe symptoms , the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is superior to antiarrhythmic drugs for increasing overall survival ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2343 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91065", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic-drug therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91066", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "implantable defibrillators" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91067", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Antiarrhythmics" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91068", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Implantable Defibrillators" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91069", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "implantable cardioverter-defibrillator" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91070", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91071", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91072", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "class III antiarrhythmic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1035, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91073", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1078, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91074", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "implantable cardioverter-defibrillators" ], "offsets": [ [ 1439, 1478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91075", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic-drug therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1490, 1519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91076", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "implantable defibrillator" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91077", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic-drug" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91078", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "implantable defibrillator" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91079", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "implantable cardioverter-defibrillator" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91080", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91081", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall mortality ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1546, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91082", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1642, 1650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91083", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1554, 1563 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91085", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of oral ganciclovir in the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in liver-transplant recipients . The Oral Ganciclovir International Transplantation Study Group [ corrected ] . BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) disease is a frequent cause of serious morbidity after solid-organ transplantation . The prophylactic regimens used to prevent CMV infection and disease have shown limited benefit in seronegative recipients . We studied the safety and efficacy of oral ganciclovir in the prevention of CMV disease following orthotopic liver transplantation . METHODS Between December , 1993 , and April , 1995 , 304 liver-transplant recipients were randomised to receive oral ganciclovir 1000 mg or matching placebo three times a day . Seronegative recipients of seronegative livers were excluded . Study drug was administered as soon as the patient was able to take medication by mouth ( no later than day 10 ) until the 98th day after transplantation . Patients were assessed at specified times throughout the first 6 months after surgery for evidence of CMV infection , CMV disease , rejection , opportunistic infections , and possible drug toxicity . FINDINGS The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the 6-month incidence of CMV disease was 29 ( 18.9 % ) of 154 in the placebo group , compared with seven ( 4.8 % ) of 150 in the ganciclovir group ( p < 0.001 ) . In the high-risk group of seronegative recipients ( R- ) of seropositive livers ( D+ ) , incidence of CMV disease was 11 ( 44.0 % ) of 25 in the placebo group , three ( 14.8 % ) of 21 in the ganciclovir group ( p = 0.02 ) . Significant benefit was also observed in those receiving antibodies to lymphocytes , where the incidence of CMV disease was 12 ( 32.9 % ) of 37 in the placebo group and two ( 4.6 % ) of 44 in the ganciclovir group ( p = 0.002 ) . Oral ganciclovir reduced the incidence of CMV infection ( placebo 79 [ 51.5 % ] of 154 ; ganciclovir 37 [ 24.5 % ] of 150 ; p < 0.001 ) and also reduced symptomatic herpes-simplex infections ( Kaplan-Meier estimates : placebo 36 [ 23.5 % ] of 154 ; ganciclovir five [ 3.5 % ] of 150 ; p < 0.001 ) . INTERPRETATION Oral ganciclovir is a safe and effective method for the prevention of CMV disease after orthotopic liver transplantation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2281 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91086", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91087", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91088", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91089", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral ganciclovir 1000" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91090", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91091", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91092", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91093", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91094", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91095", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91096", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91097", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91098", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91099", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91100", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91101", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "safety and efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 495 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91102", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "CMV infection , CMV disease , rejection , opportunistic infections , and possible drug toxicity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91103", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "6-month incidence of CMV disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1232, 1264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91104", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "incidence of CMV disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1240, 1264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91105", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "CMV disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91106", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "incidence of CMV infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1874, 1900 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91107", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "symptomatic herpes-simplex infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1998, 2035 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91108", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "liver-transplant" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91109", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "304" ], "offsets": [ [ 647, 650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91110", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "seronegative livers" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91111", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "liver transplantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91113", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effect of valaciclovir on cytomegalovirus viremia and viruria detected by polymerase chain reaction in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease . AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 204/Glaxo Wellcome 123-014 International CMV Prophylaxis Study Group . Samples of blood and urine were collected at baseline , week 4 , and week 8 and then every 8 weeks from 310 patients entering a controlled trial of prophylaxis with valaciclovir versus acyclovir . Samples were tested under code by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) in one laboratory . The median number of samples collected from each patient was 5 for blood ( range , 0-15 ) and 5 for urine ( range , 0-15 ) . Both baseline PCR viremia and PCR viruria were significantly associated with future cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) disease ( P = .002 and P = .02 , respectively ) . The greatest effect of valaciclovir on CMV disease was seen in patients who were PCR-positive in blood at baseline ( P = .002 ) , although a significant effect was also seen in those who were PCR-negative in urine ( P = .02 ) . Thus , PCR viremia provides prognostic information about CMV disease in AIDS patients , and valaciclovir showed activity as both a preemptive and prophylactic agent ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1238 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91114", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "valaciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91115", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prophylaxis" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 435 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91116", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "valaciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91117", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acyclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91118", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "valaciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91119", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "valaciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91120", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cytomegalovirus viremia" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91121", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of samples" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 589 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91122", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PCR viremia and PCR viruria" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91123", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CMV" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91124", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PCR viremia" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91125", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91126", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "310" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91128", "type": "document", "text": [ "Safety and immunogenicity of a combined pentavalent diphtheria , tetanus , acellular pertussis , inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus conjugate vaccine in infants , compared with a whole cell pertussis pentavalent vaccine . BACKGROUND We compared the safety and immunogenicity of two combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-inactivated poliovirus vaccines containing either acellular ( Pa , SmithKline Beecham Biologicals ) or whole cell ( Pw , Pasteur Merieux Connaught ) pertussis components , mixed with a Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide polyribosylribitol phosphate-tetanus conjugate vaccine in an open , randomized study in healthy infants . DESIGN The combined vaccines were given at 2 , 4 , 6 and 12 months of age , and serum samples were obtained at ages 2 , 6 , 7 , 12 and 13 months . Adverse events were obtained by diary cards . RESULTS The Pa group ( n = 101 ) had a clearly lower incidence of both local and systemic adverse events than the Pw group ( n = 100 ) . Immunogenicity was comparable for the diphtheria and tetanus components , but significantly superior for pertussis toxin , filamentous hemagglutinin , pertactin and polioviruses 1 , 2 and 3 in the Pa group . Both groups had an appropriate response with regard to H. influenzae type b polysaccharide polyribosylribitol phosphate , but the dynamics of the response were significantly different : geometric mean concentrations ( micrograms per ml ) after the second , third and booster doses were 1.27 , 5.06 and 23.12 in the Pa group and 2.72 , 6.66 and 13.59 in the Pw group , respectively ( P = 0.0002 after second dose ; P = 0.0005 after booster ) . CONCLUSION The presently studied diphtheria , tetanus , acellular pertussis-H. influenzae b vaccine conjugated to tetanus toxoid combination was at least as immunogenic as the diphtheria , tetanus , whole cell pertussis-H. influenzae b vaccine conjugated to tetanus toxoid combination , with a significantly better safety profile . This is of obvious importance in countries where inactivated poliovirus vaccine is part of the routine infant immunization programs ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2132 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91129", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentavalent diphtheria" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91130", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tetanus" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91131", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acellular pertussis" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91132", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus conjugate vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91133", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "whole cell pertussis pentavalent vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91134", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-inactivated poliovirus vaccines containing either acellular" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91135", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pa , SmithKline Beecham Biologicals" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91136", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "whole cell ( Pw , Pasteur Merieux Connaught ) pertussis components" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91137", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mixed with a Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide polyribosylribitol phosphate-tetanus conjugate vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91138", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tetanus toxoid combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 1781, 1807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91139", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diphtheria , tetanus , whole cell pertussis-H. influenzae b vaccine conjugated to tetanus toxoid combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 1843, 1951 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91140", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "lower incidence of both local and systemic adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 926, 983 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91141", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Immunogenicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1016, 1030 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91142", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pertussis toxin , filamentous hemagglutinin , pertactin and polioviruses 1 , 2 and 3 in the Pa group ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1121, 1223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91143", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "geometric mean concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1410, 1439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91144", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91145", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 675 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91146", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91147", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "101" ], "offsets": [ [ 906, 909 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91148", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "local and systemic adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 950, 983 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91149", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "100" ], "offsets": [ [ 1008, 1011 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91151", "type": "document", "text": [ "Postoperative analgesia by D-myo-inositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate in patients undergoing cholecystectomy . UNLABELLED D-myo-inositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate ( 1,2,6-IP3 ) possesses antiinflammatory properties , such as reduced eicosanoid synthesis and inhibition of inflammation-induced edema . These properties suggest possible analgesic effects . The analgesic effect of 1,2,6-IP3 was evaluated in a double-blind , randomized study in 24 patients undergoing cholecystectomy . Ten patients received 1,2,6-IP3 as an intravenous ( i.v . ) bolus dose of 240 mg , followed by a continuous i.v . infusion at 90 mg/h for 24 h. The placebo group ( n = 14 ) received corresponding volumes of isotonic saline . Postoperative pain ( visual analog pain scale ; VAS ) and opiate analgesic requirements ( ketobemidon ) were evaluated during five postoperative days . Results showed significantly reduced pain during the first five postoperative days in patients treated with 1,2,6-IP3 , as measured by using a VAS ( P < 0.05 ) . The requirements of opioid analgesics were significantly reduced during the first three postoperative days ( P < 0.05 ) . No drug-related side effects were observed . Results of the present study demonstrate a potent and long-lasting analgesic effect of 1,2,6-IP3 , possibly related to its antiinflammatory properties . IMPLICATIONS A new antiinflammatory drug under investigation , inositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate , was evaluated as a possible analgesic in a pilot study during the postoperative period in cholecystectomized patients . Results showed significantly lower pain assessment and opioid consumption , which should encourage further studies ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1659 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91152", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "D-myo-inositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91153", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "D-myo-inositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate ( 1,2,6-IP3 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91154", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "cholecystectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91155", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1,2,6-IP3" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91156", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91157", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isotonic saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 692 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91158", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketobemidon" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91159", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "inositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91160", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "analgesic effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91161", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "analgesic effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91162", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 695, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91163", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "visual analog pain scale ; VAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91164", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "opiate analgesic requirements" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91165", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "(" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91166", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "ketobemidon" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91167", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91168", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91169", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "VAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91170", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "requirements of" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91171", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "opioid analgesics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1046 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91172", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "drug-related side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91173", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "potent and long-lasting analgesic effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1219, 1259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91174", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "lower pain assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1572, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91175", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "opioid consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 1598, 1616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91176", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients undergoing cholecystectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91177", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "24" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 431 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91179", "type": "document", "text": [ "A carbohydrate meal attenuates the forearm vasoconstrictor response to lower body subatmospheric pressure in healthy young adults . The cardiovascular ( CV ) responses to meal ingestion and orthostasis are well established . The effect of meal ingestion and meal composition on the CV responses to orthostasis are unknown . The effect of high carbohydrate ( HC ) and high fat ( HF ) meal ingestion on the CV responses to simulated orthostatic stress ( using graded lower body subatmospheric pressure ( LBSP ) ) was assessed in nine healthy young volunteers . Cardiac output ( CO ) , forearm blood flow ( FABF ) heart rate ( HR ) and blood pressure ( BP ) were measured before and during LBSP while fasted and after eating HC and HF meals . Ingestion of both meals led to an increase in CO and HR . Both meals resulted in a fall in total peripheral resistance but only HC led to a significant fall in BP ( p < 0.05 ) . HF had no effect on the CV responses to LBSP , whereas HC resulted in attenuated FABF and forearm vascular resistance responses ( p < 0.05 ) . Thus , ingestion of an HC meal significantly attenuates the forearm vascular response to orthostatic stress and the hypotensive effect of orthostasis is additive to that occurring after an HC meal ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1259 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91180", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbohydrate meal" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91181", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "meal ingestion" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91182", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high carbohydrate ( HC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91183", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high fat ( HF" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 380 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91184", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HC" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91185", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HF" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 380 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91186", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HC meal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1084, 1091 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91187", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Cardiac output ( CO ) , forearm blood flow ( FABF ) heart rate ( HR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91188", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure ( BP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 654 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91189", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CO" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91190", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HR" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91191", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total peripheral resistance" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 858 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91192", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91193", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LBSP" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91194", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "attenuated FABF and forearm vascular resistance responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91195", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91196", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 527, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91198", "type": "document", "text": [ "The accuracy of clinical neurosensory testing for nerve injury diagnosis . PURPOSE The accuracy of the clinical neurosensory test to diagnose trigeminal nerve injuries has never been statistically evaluated . The purpose of this study was to determine the statistical efficacy of the clinical neurosensory test using surgical findings as the \" gold \" standard , and to determine whether a correlation existed between the sensory impairment score obtained by preoperative testing and the degree of nerve injury found at surgery . MATERIALS AND METHODS A multisite , randomized , prospective , blinded , clinical trial was conducted on 130 patients with inferior alveolar nerve ( IAN ) and lingual nerve ( LN ) injuries . Preoperatively , patients were provided a sensory impairment score using a three-level drop-out clinical neurosensory test ( NST ) , and blind comparisons were made with the surgical findings postoperatively . RESULTS The positive predictive and negative predictive values for LN-injured patients were 95 % and 100 % , respectively . The positive predictive and negative predictive values for IAN patients were 77 % and 60 % , respectively . There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of age , duration of injury , cause of injury , presence of neuropathic pain , presence of trigger pain , and degree of injury between the IAN and LN patient populations . There was a statistically significant positive relationship found between the sensory impairment score and the degree of nerve injury . CONCLUSIONS The NST is a clinically useful method to diagnose IAN and LN injuries . However , the NST results are less efficient for IAN injuries than LN injuries , and have a high incidence of false-positive ( 23 % ) and false-negative ( 40 % ) results when testing patients with IAN injuries . The different rates of statistical efficiency between the two groups of patients may be attributable to differences in prevalence and biologic covariates ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1990 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91199", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "clinical neurosensory testing" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91200", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "clinical neurosensory test" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91201", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "patients were provided a sensory impairment score using a three-level drop-out clinical neurosensory test ( NST )" ], "offsets": [ [ 737, 850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91202", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "blind comparisons were made with the surgical findings postoperatively" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91203", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "NST" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 848 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91204", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "accuracy" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91205", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical neurosensory testing" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91206", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "statistical efficacy of the clinical neurosensory test" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91207", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "positive predictive and negative predictive values" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 992 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91208", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "statistically significant positive relationship found between the sensory impairment score and the degree of nerve injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 1415, 1536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91209", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "less efficient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1653, 1667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91210", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high incidence of false-positive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1715, 1747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91211", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "false-negative" ], "offsets": [ [ 1761, 1775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91212", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "statistical efficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1858, 1880 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91213", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with IAN injuries ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1806, 1834 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91215", "type": "document", "text": [ "Electrical sources of P300 event-related brain potentials revealed by low resolution electromagnetic tomography . 2 . Effects of nootropic therapy in age-associated memory impairment . In a double-blind , placebo-controlled study the effects of Actovegin on frontal and parietal electrical P300 sources revealed by low resolution electromagnetic tomography ( LORETA ) were studied in age-associated memory impairment ( AAMI ) patients . Actovegin is a protein-free metabolically active hemoderivative improving oxygen and glucose utilization . Each patient had , in randomized order , a treatment of 2 weeks with 250 ml 20 % Actovegin and 250 ml placebo daily . Auditory ERPs were recorded before and 5 h after drug administration on day 1 ( acute effect ) and on day 15 ( subacute and superimposed effect ) . Compared to age- and sex-matched normal controls , AAMI patients showed a trend towards P300 latency prolongation and a significantly reduced P300 global field power ( GFP ) . Maximal LORETA source strength did not differ from controls . After Actovegin parietal P300 scalp amplitudes increased , while frontal and temporal amplitudes decreased as compared to placebo . This increase in hilliness , measured by the GFP , was significant . Moreover , the parietal P300 source strength increased after acute , subacute and superimposed infusion of Actovegin as compared to placebo . This may reflect improved availability of cognitive processing resources in the parietal cortex , an area that on the one hand plays an important role in fundamental aspects of attention and on the other hand has been found to be functionally impaired in dementia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1656 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91216", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nootropic therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91217", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Actovegin" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91218", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "2 weeks with 250 ml 20 % Actovegin" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91219", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "250 ml placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91220", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Auditory ERPs" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 675 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91221", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91222", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91223", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "P300 latency prolongation" ], "offsets": [ [ 898, 923 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91224", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "P300 global field power" ], "offsets": [ [ 952, 975 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91225", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Maximal LORETA source strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 986, 1016 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91226", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Actovegin parietal P300 scalp amplitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91227", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frontal and temporal amplitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91228", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hilliness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1197, 1206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91229", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "parietal P300 source strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 1264, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91230", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "age-associated memory impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 182 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91232", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomised community-based trial of annual single-dose diethylcarbamazine with or without ivermectin against Wuchereria bancrofti infection in human beings and mosquitoes . BACKGROUND WHO has targeted lymphatic filariasis for elimination . Studies of vector-parasite relations of Wuchereria bancrofti suggest that a reduction in the microfilarial reservoir by mass chemotherapy may interrupt transmission and thereby eliminate infection . However , no field data exist on the impact of chemotherapy alone on vector efficiency and transmission intensity of W bancrofti . We compared the impact of an annual community-wide single-dose treatment with diethylcarbamazine alone or with ivermectin on rate and intensity of microfilaraemia , and transmission intensity in an area of Papua New Guinea endemic for intense W bancrofti transmission . METHODS We carried out clinical and parasitological surveys in 14 communities in matched pairs . People aged 5 years or older in seven communities received randomly assigned diethylcarbamazine 6 mg/kg and people in the other seven communities received diethylcarbamazine 6 mg/kg plus ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg . We made physical examinations for hydroceles and leg oedema and investigated microfilarial densities by membrane filtration before and after treatment . We selected five communities for monthly entomological surveys between September , 1993 , and September , 1995 . Mosquitoes were collected in these communities by the all-night landing catch method and were individually dissected to identify rates of infection and infectiveness . FINDINGS 2219 ( 87.6 % ) of 2534 eligible people received treatment . Microfilarial rate and density had decreased 1 year after treatment in all 14 communities ; this decrease was significantly higher in communities given combined therapy than in those given diethylcarbamazine alone ( mean decreases 57.5 % and 30.6 % , respectively ; p = 0.0013 ) . Greater decreases were also seen in community-specific microfilarial intensity with combined therapy ( mean reductions 91.1 % and 69.8 % , respectively ; p = 0.0047 ) . The rate of leg oedema was not altered , but the frequency of advanced hydroceles decreased by 47 % with combined therapy and 56 % with diethylcarbamazine alone . 26,641 Anopheles punctulatus mosquitoes were caught during 499 person-nights of landing catches . Exposure to infective third-stage larvae decreased in all monitored five communities . Annual transmission potential decreased by between 75.7 % and 98.8 % in combined-therapy communities and between 75.6 % and 79.4 % in communities given diethylcarbamazine alone . Transmission was almost interrupted in two communities treated with combined therapy . INTERPRETATION Annual single-dose community-wide treatment with diethylcarbamazine alone or with ivermectin is effective for the control of lymphatic filariasis in highly endemic areas , but combination therapy brings about greater decreases in rates and intensity of microfilaraemia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3008 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91233", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diethylcarbamazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91234", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ivermectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91235", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91236", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "annual community-wide single-dose treatment with diethylcarbamazine alone or with ivermectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 691 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91237", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diethylcarbamazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91238", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diethylcarbamazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91239", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ivermectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91240", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diethylcarbamazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91241", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diethylcarbamazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91242", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Microfilarial rate and density" ], "offsets": [ [ 1659, 1689 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91243", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "community-specific microfilarial intensity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1976, 2018 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91244", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of leg oedema" ], "offsets": [ [ 2113, 2131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91245", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequency of advanced hydroceles" ], "offsets": [ [ 2158, 2190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91246", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Exposure to infective third-stage larvae" ], "offsets": [ [ 2370, 2410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91247", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Annual transmission potential" ], "offsets": [ [ 2457, 2486 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91248", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 2834, 2843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91249", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rates and intensity of microfilaraemia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 2968, 3008 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91250", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Wuchereria bancrofti infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91251", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "5" ], "offsets": [ [ 949, 950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91252", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2219" ], "offsets": [ [ 1598, 1602 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91253", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2534" ], "offsets": [ [ 1617, 1621 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91255", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of single-dose oral granisetron versus intravenous ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy : a multicenter , double-blind , randomized parallel study . PURPOSE The antiemetic effectiveness and safety of single-dose oral granisetron were compared with intravenous ( I.V . ) ondansetron in chemotherapy-naive patients who received moderately emetogenic chemotherapy . PATIENTS AND METHODS In this double-blind , parallel-group study , patients naive to emetogenic chemotherapy ( N = 1,085 ) who were scheduled to receive cyclophosphamide- ( 500 to 1,200 mg/m2 ) or carboplatin ( > or = 300 mg/m2 ) based chemotherapy , were randomized to receive either oral granisetron ( n = 542 ) or I.V . ondansetron ( n = 543 ) . Efficacy assessments included the proportion of patients in each treatment group with total control over the 24 and 48 hours following chemotherapy initiation , as well as incidence and severity of nausea and emesis and use of antiemetic rescue medication . Prophylactic corticosteroids were allowed . Safety assessment was based on patients ' reports of adverse experiences . RESULTS Approximately 80 % of patients received prophylactic corticosteroids . Single-dose oral granisetron ( 2 mg ) and I.V . ondansetron ( 32 mg ) resulted in equivalent levels of total emetic control during the first 48 hours after chemotherapy . The proportion of nausea- and emesis-free patients at 24 and 48 hours were also approximately equivalent . The most commonly reported adverse experiences were headache , asthenia , and constipation . More patients who received ondonsetron than granisetron reported dizziness ( 9.6 % v 5.4 % , respectively ; P = .011 ) and abnormal vision ( 4.2 % v 0.6 % , respectively ; P < .001 ) . CONCLUSION A single oral dose of granisetron ( 2 mg ) resulted in equivalent levels of antiemetic protection as I.V . ondansetron ( 32 mg ) . Both agents were well tolerated , although more dizziness and abnormal vision were reported with ondansetron . Because the two antiemetic regimens exhibited equivalent efficacies , additional factors such as convenience and cost of therapy should be considered ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2201 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91256", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91257", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91258", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91259", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91260", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "moderately emetogenic chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91261", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "emetogenic chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91262", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide- ( 500 to 1,200 mg/m2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 629 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91263", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carboplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91264", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91265", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91266", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "treatment group" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91267", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91268", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91269", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Prophylactic corticosteroids were allowed" ], "offsets": [ [ 1043, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91270", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prophylactic corticosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91271", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91272", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91273", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91274", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ondonsetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1639, 1650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91275", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91276", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91277", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91278", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91279", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nausea and emesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91280", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "total emetic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 1344, 1364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91281", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "proportion of nausea- and emesis-free patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1416, 1462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91282", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "headache , asthenia , and constipation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1571, 1611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91283", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "dizziness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1677, 1686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91284", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "abnormal vision" ], "offsets": [ [ 1735, 1750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91285", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "antiemetic protection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1884, 1905 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91286", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "dizziness and abnormal vision" ], "offsets": [ [ 1987, 2016 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91287", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chemotherapy-naive patients who received moderately emetogenic chemotherapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 435 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91288", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "parallel-group study , patients naive to emetogenic chemotherapy ( N = 1,085 ) who were scheduled to receive cyclophosphamide- ( 500 to 1,200 mg/m2 ) or carboplatin ( > or = 300 mg/m2 ) based chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 684 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91290", "type": "document", "text": [ "Influence of special-effect contact lenses ( Crazy Lenses ) on visual function . PURPOSE Special-effect contact lenses ( opaque , tinted soft contact lenses that incorporate decorative images such as \" cateyes , \" stars , or hearts to alter eye color and structure ) have become increasingly popular . The purpose of this study was to investigate whether such lenses impair visual function . METHODS A clear soft contact lens and a special-effect soft contact lens ( Crazy lens , ) were fit in changing sequence in nine healthy subjects . The parameters studied included : visual acuity , contrast sensitivity ( with and without glare ) , visual field , and mesopic vision ( with and without glare ) . RESULTS The following parameters displayed a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05 ) . Visual acuity was decreased to 0.9 +/- 0.23 in the Crazy lens group as compared with 1.2 +/- 0.13 in the clear lens group . Goldmann visual field displayed a significant constriction of the isopters : III/4 , I/4 , and I/3 . Mesopic vision without glare was reduced from 1:2.5 to 1:7.4 . Contrast sensitivity was significantly reduced in a photopic condition with and without glare and in a scotopic condition without glare . Furthermore , the special-effect lenses were associated with a decrease in lens wearing comfort . CONCLUSIONS Special-effect contact lenses were associated with a reduction of many visual functions , including visual acuity and contrast sensitivity . For some wearers this may interfere with activities where excellent vision is crucial , such as driving a car ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1587 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91291", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "special-effect contact lenses ( Crazy Lenses )" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91292", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Special-effect contact lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91293", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "A clear soft contact lens" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 425 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91294", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "a special-effect soft contact lens ( Crazy lens , )" ], "offsets": [ [ 430, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91295", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "clear lens" ], "offsets": [ [ 904, 914 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91296", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "special-effect lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91297", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Special-effect contact lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91298", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual function" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91299", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual function" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91300", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91301", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "contrast sensitivity ( with and without glare )" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91302", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual field" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 651 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91303", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mesopic vision ( with and without glare )" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91304", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 799, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91305", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Goldmann visual field" ], "offsets": [ [ 923, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91306", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "constriction of the isopters" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 997 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91307", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mesopic vision without glare" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91308", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Contrast sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91309", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lens wearing comfort" ], "offsets": [ [ 1300, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91310", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual functions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1406, 1422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91311", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91312", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "contrast sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91313", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 515, 519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91314", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 527 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91316", "type": "document", "text": [ "Twice-a-day versus four-times-a-day ofloxacin treatment of external ocular infection . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacies of 0.3 % ofloxacin eyedrops , when given twice-a-day ( BID ) versus four-times-a-day ( QID ) , for the treatment of external ocular disease . METHOD Fifty patients with blepharitis , conjuctivitis , or blepharoconjunctivitis were randomly assigned to treatment with 0.3 % ofloxacin eyedrops , BID or QID , for 10 days . Signs , symptoms , and cultures were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study . RESULTS The clinical outcome was virtually identical in the two groups . There was a significant decrease in clinical scores in the BID and QID groups by days 3 to 5 ( 2.6-3.0 points ) and a further decrease by day 11 ( 4.3-5.0 points ) . There was no significant difference between the two groups at any time interval . Microbiologic studies showed a reduction in colony-forming units in 87 % of the BID group and in 80 % of the QID group . CONCLUSION The treatment of external ocular disease with 0.3 % ofloxacin eyedrops was equally effective when given BID or QID ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1134 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91317", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "0.3 % ofloxacin eyedrops , BID or QID , for 10 days" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91318", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacies" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91319", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinical scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 689 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91320", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "colony-forming units" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91321", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "external ocular disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91322", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ofloxacin eyedrops was equally effective when given BID or QID" ], "offsets": [ [ 1070, 1132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91323", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91324", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "blepharitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91325", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "conjuctivitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91326", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "blepharoconjunctivitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91328", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized controlled study of customized preventive medicine reminder letters in a community practice . OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of customized , family-oriented reminder letters in activating patients to seek appropriate preventive services . DESIGN Randomized clinical trial . One group received computer-generated , customized letters explaining recommended preventive procedures for each family member . A second group received a form letter listing recommendations for all preventive procedures for all age and sex groups . A third group ( control group ) received no letters . SETTING A private medical centre , without university affiliation , in rural Quebec . PARTICIPANTS From 8770 patients who met study criteria , 719 families were randomly selected . Data were available for 1971 of 1998 patients in these families . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Family Received Index is the proportion of all procedures for which a family was overdue that they received . The Family End-of-study Up-to-date Index is the proportion of procedures for which the family was eligible and for which they were up-to-date at the end of the study . RESULTS The Family Received Index for families mailed customized letters was more than double the index for patients not mailed letters ( Kruskal-Wallis P = .0139 ) . Comparison of the Family End-of-study Up-to-date indices also demonstrated that families of patients sent customized letters were more likely to be up-to-date than families not sent letters ( Kruskal-Wallis P = .0054 ) . No statistically significant difference appeared between the number of preventive measures received by the control group and the form-letter group . CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a clinically small but statistically significant value to customizing reminder letters ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1806 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91329", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "One group received computer-generated , customized letters explaining recommended preventive procedures for each family member ." ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91330", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "A second group received a form letter listing recommendations for all preventive procedures for all age and sex groups" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 537 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91331", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "A third group ( control group ) received no letters ." ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91332", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "customized letters" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91333", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "customized letters" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91334", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91335", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "form-letter" ], "offsets": [ [ 1662, 1673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91336", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "customizing reminder letters ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1776, 1806 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91337", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91338", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "The Family Received Index" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 888 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91339", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Family End-of-study Up-to-date Index" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 1017 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91340", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Family Received Index" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 888 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91341", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Family End-of-study Up-to-date indices" ], "offsets": [ [ 1330, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91342", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "8770" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 702 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91343", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "719" ], "offsets": [ [ 737, 740 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91345", "type": "document", "text": [ "The cognitive , subjective , and physical effects of a ginkgo biloba/panax ginseng combination in healthy volunteers with neurasthenic complaints . We evaluated the effects of a Ginkgo biloba/ginseng combination on cognitive function in this 90-day , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study . Sixty-four healthy volunteers ( aged 40 to 65 years ) , selected on the basis of fulfilling the ICD-10 F48.0 criteria for neurasthenia , were assigned randomly to four equal dosing groups , receiving 80 , 160 , or 320 mg of the combination b.i.d . or placebo . Assessments were performed on the day before dosing , and again at Days 1 , 30 , and 90 at 1 hour after the morning dose and 1 hour after the afternoon dose . The assessments included the Cognitive Drug Research ( CDR ) computerized assessment system , the Vienna Determination Unit , cycle ergometry , and various questionnaires . The treatments were well tolerated by all volunteers . On Day 90 at 1 hour post morning dosing , dose-related improvements were seen on the CDR tests , the 320 mg dose being significantly superior to placebo . These effects , however , were reversed 1 hour after the afternoon dose , possibly suggesting that a longer inter-dosing interval would be preferable . The 80-mg dose produced a significant benefit on the ergometry assessment of heart rate at maximum load . There were also several supporting changes from other assessments , including an advantage of 320 mg over placebo on the global score from the Symptom Checklist-90-revised ( SCL-90-R ) at Day 90 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1567 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91346", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ginkgo biloba/panax ginseng combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91347", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ginkgo biloba/ginseng combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91348", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91349", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91350", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91351", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cognitive , subjective , and physical effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91352", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91353", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive function" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91354", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Cognitive Drug Research ( CDR ) computerized assessment system" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91355", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "the Vienna Determination Unit" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91356", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cycle ergometry , and various questionnaires" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 900 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91357", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "well tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 923, 937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91358", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "dose-related improvements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1025 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91359", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ergometry assessment of heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91360", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy volunteers with neurasthenic complaints ." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91361", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty-four healthy volunteers" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91362", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged 40 to 65 years )" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91363", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "criteria for neurasthenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 444 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91365", "type": "document", "text": [ "A plaque index for occlusal surfaces and fissures . Measurement of repeatability and plaque removal . Plaque indices have largely been developed for buccal and lingual tooth surfaces . There has been minimal interest in plaque accumulation on occlusal surfaces despite the predilection for caries at these sites . A numerical plaque index ( 0-5 ) is described based on the presence and distribution of plaque in the fissures and over the occlusal surfaces of permanent molar and premolar teeth . The repeatability of a single examiner in scoring the index was performed using 4 groups of 10 subjects . Each group of volunteers suspended tooth cleaning for 48 h and the index scored after disclosing plaque deposits . The index was rescored 60-90 min later . Plaque area was also determined by drawing the outline of plaque onto grids . Except for one condition of repeatability for one group , the 4 conditions of repeatability in scoring the index were met for all 4 groups of subjects . The sensitivity of the index and area recordings to detect plaque removed by brushing was then evaluated . A group of 10 subjects had plaque scored by index and area after suspending toothcleaning for 48 h. Subjects were then randomly allocated to brush or not brush their teeth and plaque rescored . The experiment was then repeated and brushing or not brushing crossed over . Highly significant differences between brushing and no brushing plaque indices and areas were determined . In conclusion , the occlusal fissure plaque index was easy to apply , repeatable and sufficiently sensitive to detect plaque removed by brushing . The index could find use as an additional measure of oral hygiene , in clinical trials on plaque control and possibly epidemiological studies relating to caries ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1783 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91366", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "plaque index for occlusal surfaces and fissures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91367", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "suspended tooth cleaning" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 651 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91368", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "plaque scored by index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1123, 1145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91369", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "brushing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1074 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91370", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "not brushing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1339, 1351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91371", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "sensitivity of the index and area recordings" ], "offsets": [ [ 993, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91372", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "plaque indices" ], "offsets": [ [ 1431, 1445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91373", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "occlusal fissure plaque index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1494, 1523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91374", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "4 groups" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91375", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91376", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91377", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "plaque" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91379", "type": "document", "text": [ "The importance of the dual-switch valve for the treatment of adult normotensive or hypertensive hydrocephalus . Since the beginning of 1995 the new hydrostatic dual-switch valve ( DSV ) was implanted in 35 adult patients with hydrocephalus of different etiology . 26 patients suffered from normotensive hydrocephalus ( 10 idiopathic and 16 symptomatic ) , and 9 patients from hypertensive hydrocephalus of various origin . The first 21 cases of this cohort were compared in a randomized study with a comparable group of 21 hydrocephalic patients who received a conventional differential-pressure ( DP- ) valve . The clinical status and CT were assessed prior to shunting , 14 days and 3 and 6 months after the operation . The reduction of ventricular size was evaluated by the measurement of the Evans Index . The CT follow-up in the DSV group was characterized by an only minimal ( 14 ) or only slight ( 16 ) reduction of ventricular size in the vast majority of cases . A comparison of 21 patients with a DSV and the patients with DP valves , evaluated by measuring the reduction of the Evans Index , revealed a distinctly higher percentage of significant regressions in the DP valve collective , without doubt due to chronic overdrainage . The overall clinical result of our 35 patients with a DSV was excellent and good in 31 patients , but the outcome seems to be more dependent on the preshunt damage of the brain than on hydrocephalic aspects . A neglegible incidence of subdural effusions in the DSV group compared to 11 cases in the DP valve collective reflects the ability of the DSV to prevent overdrainage . The capability of the DSV to maintain the IVP within physiological limits after shunting , especially in the upright position , is documented by a comparison with possible unphysiological IVP variations in other valve constructions , which depend on the level of implantation , subcutaneous pressure or CSF flow through the valve ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1951 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91380", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "dual-switch valve" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91381", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "hydrostatic dual-switch valve ( DSV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91382", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "conventional differential-pressure ( DP- ) valve" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91383", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91384", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91385", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DP valves" ], "offsets": [ [ 1033, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91386", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DP valve" ], "offsets": [ [ 1033, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91387", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91388", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91389", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DP valve" ], "offsets": [ [ 1033, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91390", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91391", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DSV" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91392", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular size" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 755 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91393", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Evans Index" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91394", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "preshunt damage of the brain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1391, 1419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91395", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hydrocephalic aspects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1428, 1451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91396", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "subdural effusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1478, 1496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91397", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "overdrainage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1228, 1240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91398", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IVP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1662, 1665 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91399", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "possible unphysiological IVP variations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1783, 1822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91400", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "level of implantation , subcutaneous pressure or CSF flow through the valve ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1874, 1951 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91402", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Value of absorbable clips in laparoscopic cholecystectomy . A randomized prospective study ] . Most surgeons use metal clips in laparoscopic cholecystectomy . The aim of this prospective randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of absorbable clips in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy . One hundred consecutive patients with symptomatic gallstones without complications were randomized into groups ; group T had two metal clips ( titan clip ETHICONR ) , group R ( laproclipR Davis and Geck ) had one absorbable clip applied on the cystic duct and cystic artery . The patients were followed for one year . There was no difference between the two groups concerning operative time , hospital stay and postoperative complications . The absorbable clips seem to be as effective as metal clips in providing hemostasis in cystic artery and in cystic duct ligation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 880 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91403", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "absorbable clips" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91404", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopic cholecystectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91405", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopic cholecystectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91406", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "absorbable clips" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91407", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91408", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "two metal clips ( titan clip ETHICONR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91409", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laproclipR Davis and Geck )" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91410", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "one absorbable clip applied on the cystic duct and cystic artery" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 582 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91411", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "absorbable clips" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91412", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "metal clips" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91413", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy of absorbable clips" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91414", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91415", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operative time , hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91416", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "postoperative complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 720, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91417", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "absorbable clips seem to be as effective as metal clips" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91418", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemostasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91419", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91420", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "symptomatic gallstones" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 369 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91422", "type": "document", "text": [ "Incidence and clinical significance of false-negative sextant prostate biopsies . PURPOSE Since most patients do not undergo repeat sextant prostate biopsies after a biopsy is positive for prostate cancer , the true incidence of false-negative biopsies is not well defined . We assess the incidence and clinical significance of false-negative sextant prostate biopsies in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy . MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 118 patients with biopsy proved prostate cancer underwent repeat sextant prostate biopsy before enrollment in a prospective randomized trial of radical prostatectomy with or without neoadjuvant hormonal therapy . Clinical parameters were assessed to determine potential sources of bias . Pathological parameters and prostate specific antigen relapse-free survival rates were compared to determine the clinical significance of false-negative biopsies . RESULTS Of the 118 patients 27 ( 23 % ) had a negative repeat sextant biopsy . Except for initial clinical stage , no differences were noted in the clinical or pathological parameters , or prostate specific antigen relapse rates in patients with negative versus positive repeat biopsies . CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that this 23 % incidence of false-negative biopsies represents significant cancer . This relatively high incidence is important to consider in treatment modalities in which prostate biopsy may be performed to determine response to therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1463 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91423", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "radical prostatectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91424", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "radical prostatectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91425", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "neoadjuvant hormonal therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91426", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "prostate specific antigen relapse-free survival rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91427", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical or pathological parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91428", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prostate specific antigen relapse rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91430", "type": "document", "text": [ "Primary glaucoma triple procedure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma : the effect of mitomycin C in patients with and without prognostic factors for filtration failure . PURPOSE To investigate the effect of adjunctive mitomycin C on primary glaucoma triple procedure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with and without one or more of the prognostic factors for filtration failure of primary glaucoma triple procedure . Those factors include being of African-American race , having a preoperative intraocular pressure of 20 mm Hg or more on maximum tolerated medications , and being on two or more medications preoperatively . METHODS Study patients consisted of 197 consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who were randomly assigned to receive either no adjunctive mitomycin C ( 101 eyes of 101 patients ) or to receive adjunctive subconjunctival mitomycin C ( 96 eyes of 96 patients ) during the primary glaucoma triple procedure . Kaplan-Meier survival analysis comparisons were made between respective subgroups with and without prognostic indicators for filtration failures using a relatively stringent set of criteria for filtration success of primary glaucoma triple procedure . RESULTS There was no statistically significant ( P = .117 ) difference in filtration success of primary glaucoma triple procedure between the control and mitomycin C groups . Adjunctive mitomycin C significantly ( P < .05 ) improved the filtration outcome of the primary glaucoma triple procedure in the subgroups with each of the three prognostic factors for filtration failure of primary glaucoma triple procedure . On the other hand , in the subgroups without the prognostic factors , adjunctive mitomycin C did not significantly ( P > .05 ) change the filtration outcome of the primary glaucoma triple procedure . CONCLUSION These findings establish the basis for selective use of mitomycin C in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma undergoing primary glaucoma triple procedure ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2007 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91431", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mitomycin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91432", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjunctive mitomycin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91433", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "no adjunctive mitomycin C ( 101 eyes of 101 patients )" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 839 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91434", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "receive adjunctive subconjunctival mitomycin C ( 96 eyes of 96 patients ) during the primary glaucoma triple procedure" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91435", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91436", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91437", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Kaplan-Meier survival analysis comparisons" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 1009 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91438", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "filtration success" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91439", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "filtration" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91440", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "filtration outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1456, 1474 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91442", "type": "document", "text": [ "Treatment of hyperinsulinaemia in polycystic ovary syndrome ?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "91444", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy of intravenous granisetron to control nausea and vomiting during multiple cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy . The safety and efficacy of granisetron ( 10 micrograms/kg and 40 micrograms/kg ) were evaluated during a second ( n = 393 ) and third ( n = 200 ) cycle of chemotherapy in this multicenter , double-blind , randomized , parallel-group study . Granisetron was administered as a single intravenous dose before the start of cisplatin chemotherapy ( > or = 60 mg/m2 ) . Total control ( no vomiting , no retching , no nausea , and no use of antiemetic rescue medication ) after the first 24 hr following chemotherapy was achieved in 40 % and 49 % of patients in Cycles 2 and 3 , respectively , for the 10 micrograms/kg group , and in 42 % and 38 % of patients in Cycles 2 and 3 , respectively , for the 40 micrograms/kg group . Both dose levels of granisetron were well tolerated . The results demonstrate comparable efficacy between the 10 micrograms/kg and 40 micrograms/kg doses of granisetron in preventing nausea and vomiting during repeat cycles of high-dose cisplatin-based chemotherapy . The results of this study show that granisetron 10 micrograms/kg is safe and well tolerated , and remains effective with repeat cycle use ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1252 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91445", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91446", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin-based chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91447", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91448", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91449", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91450", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91451", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91452", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91453", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin-based chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91454", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91455", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Total control" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91456", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "no vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 515 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91457", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "no retching , no nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91458", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "no use of antiemetic rescue medication" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91459", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dose levels of granisetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 876 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91460", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91461", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91462", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "multicenter , double-blind , randomized , parallel-group study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91463", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cisplatin chemotherapy ( > or = 60 mg/m2 ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91464", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "high-dose cisplatin-based chemotherapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91466", "type": "document", "text": [ "Histopathologic changes of the eyelid skin following trichloroacetic acid chemical peel . The use of trichloroacetic acid ( TCA ) as a periorbital and eyelid peel for skin rejuvenation is gaining significant acceptance among oculoplastic surgeons , dermatologists , and other surgery groups . In spite of the current enthusiasm , there remain potentially serious complications resulting from any periorbital peel . Cases of cicatricial ectropion have been reported in phenol-peeled patients , and lower eyelid ectropion has reportedly occurred in patients undergoing deep eyelid peel in conjunction with a blepharoplasty ( 1,2 ) . To avoid this complication , it is necessary to better understand the depth of the wound produced by different strengths and combinations of peeling agents applied to living eyelid tissue and , more important , to determine the concentrations of TCA that are likely to lead to cicatricial ectropion when applied in a consistent fashion . We chose upper-eyelid skin because it is easier to obtain for histopathologic study than lower-eyelid skin and , in our experience , is more sensitive to hypertrophic changes after chemical peeling or carbon dioxide laser resurfacing . We applied TCA to the preseptal skin of 10 patients 48 h before standard upper-eyelid blepharoplasty . The acid was applied to produce a \" frost , \" using varying concentrations of acid , ranging from 20 to 50 % . The treated skin removed at the time of blepharoplasty was reviewed in a masked fashion by a dermatopathologist to determine the depth of necrosis . We found that superficial peels with necrosis involving 30 % of the epidermis were produced by the lowest-concentration combination of TCA applied ( 20 % followed by 0 % ) . As the strength increased , so did the depth of peel . The combination of 50 % followed by a second application of 50 % produced the deepest peel , with necrosis into the papillary dermis . This finding would indicate that the chance of developing cicatricial ectropion with any of the tested combinations of TCA should be very remote ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2078 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91467", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "trichloroacetic acid chemical peel" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91468", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "trichloroacetic acid ( TCA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91469", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "blepharoplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91470", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91471", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91472", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91473", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91474", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Histopathologic changes of the eyelid skin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91475", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "superficial peels with necrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1582, 1613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91476", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "applied" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 794 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91477", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "strength increased" ], "offsets": [ [ 1749, 1767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91478", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "deepest peel" ], "offsets": [ [ 1875, 1887 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91479", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "eyelid skin" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91480", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "phenol-peeled" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91481", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "deep eyelid peel" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 583 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91482", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 1245, 1247 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91484", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin , pravastatin , lovastatin , and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia ( the CURVES study ) The objective of this multicenter , randomized , open-label , parallel-group , 8-week study was to evaluate the comparative dose efficacy of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A ( HMG-CoA ) reductase inhibitor atorvastatin 10 , 20 , 40 , and 80 mg compared with simvastatin 10 , 20 , and 40 mg , pravastatin 10 , 20 , and 40 mg , lovastatin 20 , 40 , and 80 mg , and fluvastatin 20 and 40 mg. Investigators enrolled 534 hypercholesterolemic patients ( low-density lipoprotein [ LDL ] cholesterol > or = 160 mg/dl [ 4.2 mmol/L ] and triglycerides < or = 400 mg/dl [ 4.5 mmol/L ] ) . The efficacy end points were mean percent change in plasma LDL cholesterol ( primary ) , total cholesterol , triglycerides , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations from baseline to the end of treatment ( week 8 ) . Atorvastatin 10 , 20 , and 40 mg produced greater ( p < or = 0.01 ) reductions in LDL cholesterol , -38 % , -46 % , and -51 % , respectively , than the milligram equivalent doses of simvastatin , pravastatin , lovastatin , and fluvastatin . Atorvastatin 10 mg produced LDL cholesterol reductions comparable to or greater than ( p < or = 0.02 ) simvastatin 10 , 20 , and 40 mg , pravastatin 10 , 20 , and 40 mg , lovastatin 20 and 40 mg , and fluvastatin 20 and 40 mg. Atorvastatin 10 , 20 , and 40 mg produced greater ( p < or = 0.01 ) reductions in total cholesterol than the milligram equivalent doses of simvastatin , pravastatin , lovastatin , and fluvastatin . All reductase inhibitors studied had similar tolerability . There were no incidences of persistent elevations in serum transaminases or myositis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1802 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91485", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91486", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91487", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91488", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91489", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91490", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A ( HMG-CoA ) reductase inhibitor atorvastatin 10 , 20 , 40 , and 80 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 316, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91491", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "simvastatin 10 , 20 , and 40 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 438, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91492", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin 10 , 20 , and 40 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91493", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lovastatin 20 , 40 , and 80 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91494", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluvastatin 20 and 40 mg." ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91495", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91496", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91497", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91498", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91499", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91500", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91501", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91502", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91503", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91504", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91505", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Atorvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91506", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "simvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91507", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91508", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lovastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91509", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluvastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91510", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91511", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma LDL cholesterol ( primary ) , total cholesterol , triglycerides , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 938 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91512", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91513", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91514", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91515", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "tolerability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1701, 1713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91516", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91517", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "serum transaminases or myositis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1769, 1802 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91518", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with hypercholesterolemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91519", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "multicenter" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91520", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "534 hypercholesterolemic patients ( low-density lipoprotein [ LDL ] cholesterol > or = 160 mg/dl [ 4.2 mmol/L ] and triglycerides < or = 400 mg/dl [ 4.5 mmol/L ] )" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 755 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91522", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pruritus in HIV-1 disease : therapy with drugs which may modulate the pattern of immune dysregulation . BACKGROUND Pruritus in HIV-1+ patients is common and increases with disease progression . The causes of pruritus are numerous including xerosis , drug and photoeruptions , follicular and papular eruptions as well as infestations and infections by a wide range of organisms . One other possible factor contributing to pruritus is the pattern of immune dysregulation . With advancing HIV-1 disease there is Th1 to Th2 cytokine switching . METHODS After some positive results with prostaglandin inhibitors , we undertook a study in which we randomly placed patients on four different forms of therapy for their pruritus . The therapies included hydroxyzine with or without doxepin at night , pentoxifylline , indomethacin and topical moisturization with medium-strength topical steroids . All patients were evaluated for both subjective relief as well as side effects . RESULTS Patients placed on indomethacin obtained relief more consistently and more completely . Patients on pentoxifylline had the fewest side effects of all oral therapies . Patients on antihistamines with or without doxepin had the highest incidence of side effects , although more of these patients reported a greater degree of relief than patients on pentoxifylline . All patients on oral therapy overall had greater relief than patients using topical steroids . CONCLUSION The systemic therapies which may modulate the pattern of immune dysregulation seen in HIV-1 disease may be beneficial in the pruritus seen in late-stage patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1612 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91523", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydroxyzine with or without doxepin at night" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91524", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91525", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin and topical moisturization with medium-strength topical steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 887 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91526", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "immune dysregulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91527", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "subjective relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 927, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91528", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 956, 968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91529", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91530", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 956, 968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91531", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1213, 1238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91532", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "degree of relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 1292, 1308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91533", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "greater relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91534", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "immune dysregulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91535", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "beneficial" ], "offsets": [ [ 1556, 1566 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91536", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91537", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-1+" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91538", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "four different forms of therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91539", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91541", "type": "document", "text": [ "Impact of surgical staging in evaluating the radiotherapeutic outcome in RTOG # 77-06 , a phase III study for T1BN0M0 ( A2 ) and T2N0M0 ( B ) prostate carcinoma . PURPOSE To evaluate survival and time to metastatic disease in patients treated for localized prostatic carcinoma in a Phase III radiotherapy ( RT ) protocol , Radiation Therapy Oncology Group ( RTOG ) 77-06 . Patients with T18N0M0 ( A2 ) or T2N0M0 ( B ) disease after lymphangiogram ( LAG ) or staging laparotomy ( SL ) were randomized between prophylactic radiation to the pelvic lymph nodes and prostatic bed vs. prostatic bed alone . The outcome of both treatment arms , as well as a comparison of the LAG group , to that of the SL group , are updated . METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 449 eligible males were entered into RTOG protocol 7706 between 1978 and 1983 . Lymph node staging was mandatory but at the physician 's discretion ; 117 ( 26 % ) patients had SL , while 332 ( 74 % ) had LAG . Follow-up was a median of 12 years and a maximum of 16 years . For those randomized to receive prophylactic pelvic lymph nodal irradiation , 45 Gy of megavoltage RT was delivered via multiple portals in 4.5-5 weeks , while all patients received 65 Gy in 6.5-8 weeks to the prostatic bed . RESULTS There was no significant difference in survival whether treatment was administered to the prostate or prostate and pelvic lymph nodes . The SL group had greater 12-year survival than the LAG group ( 48 % vs. 38 % , p = 0.02 ) . Disease-free survival was statistically significant , with 38 % for the SL group vs. 26 % for the LAG group ( p = 0.003 ) . Bone metastasis was less common in the SL group ( 14 % ) than the LAG group ( 27 % ) ( p = 0.003 ) . CONCLUSION At 12-year median follow-up , there still was no survival difference in those patients treated prophylactically to the pelvic nodes and prostatic bed vs. the prostatic bed alone . Those patients not surgically staged with only LAG for lymph node evaluation were less accurately staged , as reflected by a statistically significant reduced survival and earlier metastases ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2097 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91542", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "surgical staging" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91543", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Phase III radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91544", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Radiation Therapy Oncology Group" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91545", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91546", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "12-year survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1422, 1438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91547", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Disease-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1489, 1510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91548", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Bone metastasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1613, 1628 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91550", "type": "document", "text": [ "Interfering with the central executive by means of a random interval repetition task . Four dual-task experiments are reported in which a short-term memory task is performed concurrently with a random interval repetition task , which was designed to interfere with functions normally attributed to the central executive in the working memory model of Baddeley and Hitch ( 1974 ) . The task was found to interfere with supra-span serial recall and with backward memory span , but did not disrupt performance on a forward-memory-span task . The effects were observed in dissociation with effects of articulatory suppression and matrix tapping , so that the locus of the effects of the new task is not due to the slave systems . In addition , single-task random-interval repetition performance was sampled and compared to performance in the dual-task conditions of all four experiments . Although quality of tapping performance differed between the single-task and the dual-task conditions , it was not related to recall performance . All the results are discussed with reference to the working memory model ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1106 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91551", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "random interval repetition task" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91552", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "short-term memory task" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91553", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "random interval repetition task" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91554", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "task" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91555", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "forward-memory-span task" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91556", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "single-task random-interval" ], "offsets": [ [ 740, 767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91557", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "dual-task" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91558", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "single-task" ], "offsets": [ [ 740, 751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91559", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "dual-task" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91560", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "backward memory span" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 472 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91561", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "forward-memory-span" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91562", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "tapping performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 924 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91563", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "recall performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1029 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91564", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "short-term memory" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91565", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "central executive" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91567", "type": "document", "text": [ "The reliability of catheter-tip transducers for the measurement of intrauterine pressure in the third stage of labour . In order to assess the reliability of intrauterine pressure measurements in the third stage of labour , catheter-tip transducers were used in 20 women randomly allocated into two groups of 10 . In each case in the first group two catheters were tied together and introduced transcervically into the uterine cavity after delivery of the placenta . In each case in the second group two catheters were inserted independently into the same uterine cavity . The active and cumulative active pressures recorded from the pairs of catheters within each uterine cavity were compared . Comparison of individual active pressure readings from separate transducers revealed good agreement whether the catheters were tied together or were separate . Cumulative active pressure was very similar when assessed by each catheter in the same uterus . Intrauterine catheter-tip transducers can be used reliably to measure uterine activity in the third stage of labour although there may be minor contraction by contraction differences in recordings of individual active pressures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1181 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91568", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "catheter-tip transducers" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91569", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "catheter-tip transducers" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91570", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "catheters" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91571", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Intrauterine catheter-tip transducers" ], "offsets": [ [ 952, 989 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91572", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intrauterine pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91573", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intrauterine pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91574", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "active and cumulative active pressures" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91575", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "individual active pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 710, 736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91576", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Cumulative active pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91577", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "uterine activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1022, 1038 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91578", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "individual active pressures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91579", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "20 women randomly allocated into two groups of 10 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91581", "type": "document", "text": [ "Amoxicillin/metronidazole/omeprazole/clarithromycin : a new , short quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication . BACKGROUND Triple therapy regimens including two antibiotics plus acid suppression have become the new standard therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication because of success rates of about 90 % . However , these regimens are still costly , duration is about one week or less , and side-effects are not negligible . We therefore evaluated a new quadruple therapy , because theoretically a shorter duration of treatment may result in reduced costs , fewer side-effects , and possibly in a lower potential for antibiotic resistances . METHODS Controlled , prospective pilot study including H. pylori-positive patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers or erosive gastritis , treated after failure of dual therapy ( proton-pump-inhibitors or ranitidine plus amoxicillin ) or for the first time . They were assigned to a one week triple standard therapy , consisting of metronidazole 400 mg bid + omeprazole 20 mg bid + clarithromycin 250 mg bid , or a newly created quadruple-regimen , which adds amoxicillin ( 1 g bid ) to the above triple regimen . Each of the four drugs was given for 5 days . H. pylori status was checked by 13C urea breath test before and after four weeks of therapy . RESULTS A total of 71 patients were treated by quadruple therapy , and 42 patients were treated by triple therapy . The eradication rate of H. pylori for patients under quadruple treatment , without vs. with previous dual therapy , were 96 % vs. 92 % ( 42/44 vs. 22/24 ) by per protocol and 91 % vs. 88 % ( 42/46 vs. 22/25 ) by intention to treat analysis ( comparisons not significant ) . No major side-effects were reported . CONCLUSIONS Five-day quadruple therapy ( with omeprazole , metronidazole , clarithromycin and amoxicillin ) represents an effective and safe new regimen for H. pylori eradication ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1917 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91582", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "one week triple standard therapy , consisting of metronidazole 400 mg bid + omeprazole 20 mg bid + clarithromycin 250 mg bid , or a newly created quadruple-regimen , which adds amoxicillin ( 1 g bid ) to the above triple regimen ." ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91583", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Helicobacter pylori eradication" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91584", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "13C urea breath test" ], "offsets": [ [ 1247, 1267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91585", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "eradication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1429, 1445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91586", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Helicobacter pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91587", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "H. pylori-positive" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91588", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gastric or duodenal ulcers or erosive gastritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 791 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91589", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "71" ], "offsets": [ [ 1328, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91590", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "42" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91592", "type": "document", "text": [ "Simulating a memory impairment : can amnesics implicitly outperform simulators ? OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a variety of tests in differentiating simulating test performances from genuine memory-impaired and normal ( control ) test performances . DESIGN A simulation design was implemented , based on an analogue design in which normal participants were given experimental instructions to feign a mental impairment and are compared to ( a ) other normal participants with instructions to perform honestly , and ( b ) a comparison group , for example , acquired brain-injured persons , with similar instructions . METHOD Forty individuals comprised the simulating and control group and all participants were randomly assigned to the simulating and control groups . Twenty memory-impaired patients , all of whom had been diagnosed as suffering from a memory impairment following acquired brain damage , participated as the memory-impaired control group . The simulation group was directed to imitate a person with a memory impairment . The primary outcome measure involved identifying those tests , if any , where simulators were significantly different from normal and memory-impaired participants . RESULTS On 5 of the 15 tasks administered , simulators performed significantly differently from normal and memory-impaired participants . Of these 5 tasks , the coin-in-the-hand , when administered in conjunction with the autobiographical interview , identified 95 per cent of the simulators without misclassifying any of the memory-impaired or normal participants . CONCLUSION It is suggested that these two tests , when administered jointly , might be of use in clinical settings to assist in the detection of malingerers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1770 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91593", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "A simulation design" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91594", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "assigned to the simulating" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91595", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control groups" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91596", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "directed to imitate a person with a memory impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1077 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91597", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "simulators" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91598", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91599", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "simulating test performances" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91600", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "memory-impaired" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91601", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "identifying those tests , if any , where simulators were significantly different from normal and memory-impaired participants ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91602", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "simulators performed significantly differently from normal and memory-impaired participants ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91603", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "amnesics" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91604", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "memory-impaired" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91605", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acquired brain-injured" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91606", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 671 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91607", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 816 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91608", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "memory-impaired" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91609", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "memory impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91610", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acquired brain damage ," ], "offsets": [ [ 923, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91612", "type": "document", "text": [ "The role of pneumatic compression in the treatment of postmastectomy lymphedema . A randomized phase III study . BACKGROUND Pneumatic compression is a frequently prescribed physical therapy for patients affected by postmastectomy lymphedema but , despite its wide use , its efficacy has not been demonstrated in phase III studies . We performed a randomized study comparing pneumatic compression versus no treatment in patients with postmastectomy lymphedema . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with monolateral postmastectomy lymphedema were randomized to receive two cycles of intermittent pneumatic compression ( PC group ) , i.e. , five two-hour sessions per week for two weeks , to be repeated after a five-week interval , or to no treatment ( control group ) . The patients in both groups were instructed as to the prophylactic hygienic care of the limb . Lymphedema was assessed by the sum of differences in circumference measurements between affected and normal limbs ( 'delta ' ) . Response was defined as a > or = 25 % reduction in delta value . RESULTS Eighty patients entered the study . No statistically significant differences in response rates between the two groups were observed : 20 % in the control group ( 95 % CI : 9 % -36 % ) , 25 % in the PC group ( 95 % CI : 13 % -41 % , P = 0.59 ) . The absolute mean decrease in delta value was 1.9 +/- 3.7 cm in the PC group and 0.5 +/- 3.3 cm in the control group . CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that intermittent pneumatic compression has a limited clinical role in the treatment of postmastectomy lymphedema . Efforts to prevent this complication should be undertaken ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1627 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91613", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pneumatic compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91614", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Pneumatic compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91615", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pneumatic compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91616", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pneumatic compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91617", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "no treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91618", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "intermittent pneumatic compression" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91619", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Lymphedema" ], "offsets": [ [ 858, 868 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91620", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "circumference measurements between affected and normal limbs ( 'delta '" ], "offsets": [ [ 911, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1140, 1154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91622", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decrease in delta value" ], "offsets": [ [ 1323, 1346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91623", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmastectomy lymphedema" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91624", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmastectomy lymphedema" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91625", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmastectomy lymphedema" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91626", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "monolateral postmastectomy lymphedema" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 533 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91627", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eighty" ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1066 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91629", "type": "document", "text": [ "Determinants of total and specific IgE in infants with atopic dermatitis . ETAC Study Group . Early Treatment of the Atopic Child . ETAC ( Early Treatment of the Atopic Child ) , a multi-centre predominantly European study to investigate the potential for cetirizine to prevent the development of asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis has completed enrollment : 817 children have been randomised to 18 months ' treatment with either active or placebo and a subsequent 18 months of post-treatment follow-up . Results of the therapeutic effects will not be available for some time , but the study has provided an opportunity to investigate influences on sensitization to allergens in a large cohort of 1-2 years olds with already established atopic dermatitis , resident in different countries and in different environments . The study shows that in infants with atopic dermatitis , raised serum total IgE has significantly different determinants from that a specific allergen sensitization . In infancy , increased total IgE is more affected by factors increasing risk of intercurrent infection and non-specific airway inflammation , such as environmental tobacco smoke exposure ( p < 0.001 ) and the use of gas cookers ( p = 0.02 ) . Specific allergen sensitization as represented by detectable IgE antibodies is influenced primarily by allergen exposure . In Sweden , low level exposure to allergens is associated with reduced specific allergen sensitization rates even though the infants already have atopic dermatitis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1525 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91630", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cetirizine" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91631", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "active" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91632", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91633", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sensitization to allergens" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 681 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91634", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum total IgE" ], "offsets": [ [ 891, 906 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91635", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "specific allergen sensitization" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91636", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total IgE" ], "offsets": [ [ 897, 906 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91637", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "allergen sensitization" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91638", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IgE antibodies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1298, 1312 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91639", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "specific allergen sensitization" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 991 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91641", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Clinical benefits of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass on postoperative systemic metabolism ] . To evaluate the influence of body temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) on postoperative systemic metabolism , 32 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to either hypothermia ( n = 16 ) or normothermia ( n = 16 ) . Serial hemodynamic parameters and blood samples were obtained after surgery . CPB and operation times were significantly shorter and the platelet reduction ratio during CPB [ = ( platelets before CPB-platelets after CPB ) /platelets before CPB ] was significantly lower in normothermic patients than in hypothermic patients . The platelet reduction ratio was dependent on the minimum rectal temperature during CPB , the operation time , and the CPB time . In the early postoperative period , hypothermic patients had abnormally high systemic vascular resistance and a reduced cardiac index compared with the normothermic patients . There were no differences between 2 groups in postoperative hepatic and renal functions , changes in oxygen consumption , arterial-venous PCO2 or arterial-venous pH gradient . This study suggested a beneficial influence of normothermic CPB on postoperative hemodynamics . Normothermic CPB was not associated with adverse effects on postoperative metabolic recovery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1354 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91642", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91643", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB )" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91644", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "hypothermia" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91645", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "normothermia" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91646", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CPB" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91647", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CPB" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91648", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "normothermic CPB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1211, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91649", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Normothermic CPB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91650", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative systemic metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91651", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "CPB and operation times" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91652", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "platelet reduction ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91653", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "platelet reduction ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91654", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "operation time" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91655", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CPB time" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91656", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high systemic vascular resistance and a reduced cardiac index" ], "offsets": [ [ 884, 945 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91657", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "normothermic patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91658", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative hepatic and renal functions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91659", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in oxygen consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 1078, 1107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91660", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "arterial-venous PCO2 or arterial-venous pH gradient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91661", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative hemodynamics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1231, 1257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91662", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91663", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "32" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91664", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "elective cardiac surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91665", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypothermia" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91666", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "n = 16" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91667", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "normothermia" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91669", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Prevention of vascular complications following cerebral ischemia of arterial origin ; the ESPRIT trial : mild anticoagulant therapy , combination treatment with acetylsalicylic acid plus dipyridamole or treatment with acetylsalicylic acid alone ? ] . The European and Australian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischaemia Trial ( ESPRIT ) is a randomised clinical trial in which patients with cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin will be randomised between oral anticoagulation ( international normalized ratio ( INR ) : 2.0-3.0 ) , the combination of acetylsalicylic acid ( in any dose between 30 and 325 mg per day ) plus dipyridamole ( 400 mg daily ) and acetylsalicylic acid only ( in any dose between 30 and 325 mg per day ) . It is planned to enroll 4500 patients with a mean follow-up of three years . Primary outcome is the composite event of vascular death , stroke , myocardial infarction , or major bleeding complication ; outcome assessment will be blinded . ESPRIT is an international , multicentre study in which 60-80 hospitals in the Netherlands and other countries in Europe and Australia will participate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1126 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91670", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mild anticoagulant therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91671", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91672", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91673", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91674", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral anticoagulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91675", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91676", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91677", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetylsalicylic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91678", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "vascular complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91679", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "composite event of vascular death ," ], "offsets": [ [ 834, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91680", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 876 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91681", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91682", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 879, 900 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91683", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ ", or" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 905 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91684", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "major bleeding complication" ], "offsets": [ [ 906, 933 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91685", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ ";" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91687", "type": "document", "text": [ "The problem of measurement error in multisite clinical trials . The implementation of a multisite , randomized , clinical psychopharmacologic trial involves a substantial investment of time and effort on the part of all participants . Because of their complexity , such clinical trials present unique methodological and design challenges . Indeed , it is not uncommon for such studies to conclude with uninterpretable results , due in part to such methodological pitfalls . It has been suggested that clarification of such methodologic dilemmas is one of the most important challenges facing the future of industry-sponsored psychopharmacologic drug development . Among the many factors that may contribute to problematic clinical trial results , error in measuring the phenomena being studied is of particular concern . In this article , we describe the outcome of an intensive series of interrater reliability training sessions for the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale conducted at the start of a Phase II multisite clinical drug trial . The data underscore the magnitude of error present in such a test setting and provide preliminary evidence for the potential effect of this problem on the detection of clinical change ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1233 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91688", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "intensive series of interrater reliability training sessions" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91689", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 978 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91690", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Hamilton Depression Rating Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 978 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91692", "type": "document", "text": [ "A prospective randomized study of amoxycillin and omeprazole with and without metronidazole in the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori . A combination of amoxycillin and omeprazole is often used to treat Helicobacter pylori infection . A three-drug regimen comprising metronidazole , amoxycillin and omeprazole has been proposed as an alternative therapy . In a prospective , randomized , comparative study , we evaluated these two regimens with respect to safety and efficacy in patients with H. pylori infection . Sixty patients with peptic ulcer ( gastric , 32 patients ; duodenal , 28 patients ) who had a history of ulcer recurrence were randomly assigned to dual therapy with amoxycillin ( 500 mg three times daily for 2 weeks ) and omeprazole ( 20 mg once daily for 8 weeks ) or to triple therapy with metronidazole ( 500 mg twice daily for 2 weeks ) plus amoxycillin and omeprazole , given in the same dosages as dual therapy . Forty-eight patients completed the protocol ; treatment was discontinued because of side effects in nine patients , and three patients dropped out of the study . On the basis of all patients treated , the rate of H. pylori eradication was significantly higher for triple therapy 20/23 cases , 87.0 % ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 0.664-0.972 ) than for dual therapy 13/25 , 52.0 % ; 0.313-0.722 ; P < 0.05 ) . On an intention-to-treat basis , the difference between the groups in the rate of H. pylori eradication was marginally significant ( P = 0.06 [ 0.028-0.512 ] ) . Side effects were reported by five patients receiving triple therapy ( skin rash , one ; nausea , two ; headache , one ; abdominal pain , one ) , and four patients receiving dual therapy ( skin rash , two ; abdominal pain , one ; diarrhoea , one ) . All side effects resolved spontaneously after termination of treatment . There was no significant difference in safety between the two regimens . Triple therapy with metronidazole , amoxycillin , and omeprazole was significantly more effective for the eradication of H. pylori than dual therapy with amoxycillin and omeprazole alone . The safety of these regimens was similar , and triple therapy was found to be clinically acceptable ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2209 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91693", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amoxycillin and omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91694", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91695", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amoxycillin and omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91696", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole , amoxycillin and omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91697", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amoxycillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91698", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91699", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91700", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "plus amoxycillin and omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91701", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole , amoxycillin , and omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1939, 1983 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91702", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amoxycillin and omeprazole alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2073, 2105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91703", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "the" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91704", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of H. pylori eradication" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91705", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "was significantly higher for triple therapy 20/23 cases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1180, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91706", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "87.0 % ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 0.664-0.972 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1238, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91707", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "the difference between the groups in the" ], "offsets": [ [ 1394, 1434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91708", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of H. pylori eradication" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91709", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "was marginally significant" ], "offsets": [ [ 1465, 1491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91710", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "skin rash" ], "offsets": [ [ 1594, 1603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91711", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1612, 1618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91712", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 1627, 1635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91713", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "abdominal pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1644, 1658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91714", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "four patients receiving dual therapy (" ], "offsets": [ [ 1673, 1711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91715", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "skin rash" ], "offsets": [ [ 1594, 1603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91716", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "abdominal pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1644, 1658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91717", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "diarrhoea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1753, 1762 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91718", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 472 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91719", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Triple therapy with metronidazole , amoxycillin , and omeprazole was significantly more effective for the" ], "offsets": [ [ 1919, 2024 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91720", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "eradication of H. pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 2025, 2049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91721", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "than dual therapy with amoxycillin and omeprazole alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2050, 2105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91722", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Helicobacter pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91723", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "H. pylori infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91724", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91725", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "peptic ulcer" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91726", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gastric" ], "offsets": [ [ 560, 567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91727", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "32" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91728", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "duodenal" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91729", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "28" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 597 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91730", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "history of ulcer recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91731", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 956 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91733", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of L-carnitine on myocardial metabolism : results of a balanced , placebo-controlled , double-blind study in patients undergoing open heart surgery . The effects of L-carnitine on cardiac performance after open heart surgery were evaluated in a balanced , placebo-controlled , double-blind study in 38 patients . Preoperative haemodynamic status was good in all of them . Seventeen subjects underwent mitral valve replacement and 19 patients coronary artery bypass grafting . Five grams L-carnitine were given intravenously over 2 h , twice daily for 5 consecutive days ; moreover , 10 g L-carnitine in 1500 ml cardioplegia were administered through the aortic root after aortic cross-clamping . Surgery was always planned on treatment day 3 . The post-ischaemic functional recovery of the heart was assessed by clinical parameters , as well as by biochemical and ultrastructure evaluations on biopsy specimens . No differences were found between the control and the treatment group with respect to all clinical parameters of cardiac performance after cardiopulmonary bypass . At anaesthesia induction , serum carnitine was significantly increased in treated patients , but carnitine concentrations in the right atrial biopsy obtained just before aortic declamping were similar in the two groups . In patients with mitral valve replacement , L-carnitine therapy was associated with significantly higher concentrations of pyruvate , ATP and creatine phosphate in papillary muscle . Glycogen levels were also higher in the treated group , but the difference was not statistically significant . Myocardial ultrastructure on septal biopsies , obtained within 5 min from weaning from extracorporeal circulation , showed better preservation scores for all considered parameters ( nucleus , sarcoplasmic reticulum , mitochondria and cellular oedema ) in the treated subjects , although the difference reached statistical significance only for nuclei . When biochemical and ultrastructural data are considered , these findings suggest that L-carnitine improves myocardial metabolism . However , it can not be concluded that L-carnitine provides an advantageous support therapy for well-compensated patients requiring cardiac surgery . In contrast , the positive effects of L-carnitine on cardiac recovery after bypass might become clinically relevant in the surgical setting for haemodynamically compromised patients , in which further investigations are required ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2464 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91734", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "L-carnitine" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91735", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "L-carnitine" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91736", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91737", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "mitral valve replacement" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91738", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "coronary artery bypass grafting" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91739", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "L-carnitine" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "L-carnitine in 1500 ml cardioplegia" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91741", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "aortic cross-clamping" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "L-carnitine therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "L-carnitine" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91744", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum carnitine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1111, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91745", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carnitine concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1181, 1205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91746", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pyruvate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1428, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91747", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ATP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1439, 1442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91748", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "creatine phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1447, 1465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91749", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Glycogen levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1488, 1503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91750", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nucleus , sarcoplasmic reticulum , mitochondria and cellular oedema" ], "offsets": [ [ 1781, 1848 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91751", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91752", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "advantageous support therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 2147, 2175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91753", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 2287, 2303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91754", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients undergoing open heart surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91755", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "38" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91756", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Seventeen subjects underwent mitral valve replacement and" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91757", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "19" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91758", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients coronary artery bypass grafting ." ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91760", "type": "document", "text": [ "Scintigraphic evaluation of a new capsule-type colon specific drug delivery system in healthy volunteers . Colonic drug delivery is intended for local or systemic therapies . The lack of predictive in vitro or animal model leads to considerable time delays in colonic product development . The objective of this scintigraphic study was to provide \" proof of concept \" for a novel capsule-type colonic delivery system ( Colon-Targeted Delivery Capsule ) in healthy volunteers . The human data validates the design concept behind the release mechanism , in that capsule disintegration , and hence drug release , did not start until 5 h after gastric emptying , irrespective of whether the product was administered to fasted or fed subjects . However , the potential for prolonged gastric residence for large enteric coated products intended for intestinal targeting was also observed ; overall , the study provides a focus for subsequent product development and highlights the role of scintigraphy in dynamically visualizing the drug delivery process ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1050 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91761", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "new capsule-type colon specific drug delivery system" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91762", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Colonic drug delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91763", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "novel capsule-type colonic delivery system ( Colon-Targeted Delivery Capsule )" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91764", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy volunteers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91766", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of single- and dual-coil active pectoral defibrillation lead systems . OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare defibrillation thresholds with lead systems consisting of an active left pectoral electrode and either single or dual transvenous coils . BACKGROUND Lead systems that include an active pectoral pulse generator reduce defibrillation thresholds and permit transvenous defibrillation in nearly all patients . A further improvement in defibrillation efficacy is desirable to allow for smaller pulse generators with a reduced maximal output . METHODS This prospective study was performed in 50 consecutive patients . Each patient was evaluated with two lead configurations with the order of testing randomized . Shocks were delivered between the right ventricular coil and either an active can alone ( single coil ) or an active can with the proximal atrial coil ( dual coil ) . The right ventricular coil was the cathode for the first phase of the biphasic defibrillation waveform . RESULTS Delivered energy at the defibrillation threshold was 10.1+/-5.0 J for the single-coil configuration and 8.7+/-4.0 J for the dual-coil configuration ( p < 0.02 ) . Moreover , 98 % of patients had low ( < 15 J ) thresholds with the dual-coil lead system , compared with 88 % of patients with the single-coil configuration ( p=0.05 ) . Leading edge voltage ( p < 0.001 ) and shock impedance ( p < 0.001 ) were also decreased with the dual-coil configuration , although peak current was increased ( p < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS A dual-coil , active pectoral lead system reduces defibrillation energy requirements compared with a single-coil , unipolar configuration ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1681 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91767", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "single- and dual-coil active pectoral defibrillation lead systems ." ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91768", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "single" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91769", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "dual transvenous coils" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91770", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "lead configurations" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91771", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "( single coil )" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91772", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "( dual coil )" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 905 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91773", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "single-coil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91774", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "dual-coil" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91775", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "dual-coil" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91776", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "single-coil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91777", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "dual-coil" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91778", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "dual-coil" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91779", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "single-coil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91780", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "defibrillation efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91781", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Delivered energy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91782", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "defibrillation threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91783", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thresholds" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91784", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Leading edge voltage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1354, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91785", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "shock impedance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91786", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "peak current" ], "offsets": [ [ 1487, 1499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91787", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "defibrillation energy requirements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1592, 1626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91788", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "50" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91789", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "98 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91790", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "88 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91792", "type": "document", "text": [ "Quantifying oral analgesic consumption using a novel method and comparison with patient-controlled intravenous analgesic consumption ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 134 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91793", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral analgesic" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91794", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "analgesic" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91795", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patient-controlled intravenous analgesic consumption ." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91797", "type": "document", "text": [ "Evaluation of lidocaine in human inferior alveolar nerve block . The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of anesthesia following the administration of 3.6 ml of 2 % lidocaine solutions with either 1:50,000 , 1:80,000 , or 1:100,000 for inferior alveolar nerve block and to compare the results with those obtained following the administration of 1.8 ml of the same solutions ( 1 ) . With the use of a repeated measures design , 30 subjects randomly received an inferior alveolar injection at three successive appointments . The first molar , first premolar , lateral incisor , and contralateral canine ( control ) were blindly tested with an Analytic Technology pulp tester at 3-min cycles for 50 min . The degree of anesthesia was comparable for the three solutions following the administration of 3.6 ml of each solution . Retrospective evaluation showed that the volume of the solution influenced the degree of anesthesia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 937 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91798", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91799", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine solutions" ], "offsets": [ [ 177, 196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91800", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "inferior alveolar injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91801", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "degree of anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91802", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "degree of anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91803", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "human inferior alveolar nerve block" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91804", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "30" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 441 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91806", "type": "document", "text": [ "Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha : Crohn 's disease guided missile ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91807", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91808", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Crohn 's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91810", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Treatment of irresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with repeated transient dearterialization ] . A joint clinical prospective study between SUMS and Lund university was reported . 40 patients with the irresectable hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) admitted to the department of HPB surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of SUMS were randomized into two groups : ( 20 each ) from Feb. 1994 to April , 1995 . The patients were treated with hepatic artery ligation ( HAL ) and repeated transient dearterialization ( RTD ) respectively . Postoperative response to treatment , liver function change ( ALT ) , AFP , imaging examination of the tumor , patient 's survival were evaluated . It has been shown that RTD is superior to HAL in terms of the objective response to the therapy , reduction of tumor size , patient 's symptom relief , liver function and AFP changes and patient 's survival . In the RTD group , the effective rate was 70 % , the mean survival time was 8.2 months , and the 6-month survival rate was 79.7 % . In HAL group , the effective rate was only 5 % , the mean survival time was 5.1 months , 6 months survival rate was 35.8 % . It has been postulated that RTD may prevent the rapid development of collateral circulation and increase the production of oxygen-derived free radicals , which may be the responsible factors for the ischemic treatment of hepatic tumours . We consider that RTD would be a promising polliative method for HCC ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1460 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91811", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "repeated transient dearterialization ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91812", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "hepatic artery ligation ( HAL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91813", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91814", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "repeated transient dearterialization ( RTD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91815", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "RTD" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91816", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "RTD" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91817", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "RTD" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91818", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "RTD" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91819", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "liver function change ( ALT ) , AFP , imaging examination of the tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91820", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "patient 's survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91821", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tumor size" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91822", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptom relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 835 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91823", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "liver function" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 590 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91824", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "AFP" ], "offsets": [ [ 608, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91825", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91826", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "effective rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 932 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91827", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival time" ], "offsets": [ [ 953, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91828", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91829", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "effective rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 932 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91830", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival time" ], "offsets": [ [ 953, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91831", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91832", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "production of oxygen-derived free radicals" ], "offsets": [ [ 1261, 1303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91833", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "irresectable hepatocellular carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91834", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "40" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91835", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "irresectable hepatocellular carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91836", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91838", "type": "document", "text": [ "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment of myofascial pain dysfunction . The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS ) plus conservative therapy ( ibuprofen , bite plate , self-physiotherapy ) on myofascial pain dysfunction ( MPD ) was determined . A single-blind trial as done in 10 patients with MPD with subthreshold TENS ( frequency 35 Hz , pulse width 100 milliseconds , modulation 50 % ) compared with sham TENS at 8 visits over 14 weeks . Pain was assessed on a visual analogue scale before and after TENS at each visit and the data were analysed with the analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) for repeated measures . A highly significant effect was seen for time ( F = 4.80 , P = 0.0003 ) but not for TENS . Subthreshold TENS did not increase the symptom relief produced by conservative treatment with the protocol used ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 864 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91839", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91840", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91841", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "plus conservative therapy ( ibuprofen , bite plate ," ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91842", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "self-physiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91843", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91844", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "subthreshold TENS" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91845", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "sham TENS" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 459 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91846", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "TENS" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91847", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "TENS" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91848", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Subthreshold TENS" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 768 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91849", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91850", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual analogue scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 532 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91851", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "time" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91852", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "myofascial pain dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91853", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 325 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91854", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "MPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 268, 271 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91856", "type": "document", "text": [ "Humoral immune response to tetanus-diphtheria vaccine given during extended use of chloroquine or primaquine malaria chemoprophylaxis . Immune suppression resulting from prolonged chemoprophylaxis and potential drug-vaccine interaction were investigated within the context of a randomized placebo-controlled trial that compared daily primaquine or weekly chloroquine administration for malaria prevention . After 11 months of prophylaxis , adult male subjects received a tetanus-diphtheria ( Td ) vaccination . Prophylaxis continued 4 weeks longer . Anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibody levels were measured by ELISA at baseline and at 1 , 3 , 7 , and 14 months after Td vaccination . All groups were comparable at baseline . Immunization triggered significant increases in anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria IgG levels over each group 's pre-Td baseline levels and those of an unvaccinated control group . Geometric mean anti-tetanus titers ( GMTs ) in the primaquine group were significantly higher than those of the placebo group at 1 , 3 , and 14 months . Anti-tetanus GMTs in placebo and chloroquine groups declined over 14 months to levels comparable to those of unvaccinated controls , but levels in the primaquine group remained significantly higher than in controls ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1279 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91857", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tetanus-diphtheria vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91858", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chloroquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91859", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "primaquine malaria chemoprophylaxis" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91860", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91861", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "primaquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91862", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chloroquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91863", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tetanus-diphtheria ( Td ) vaccination" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91864", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ELISA" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91865", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91866", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91867", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Humoral immune response" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91868", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Immune suppression" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91869", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibody levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91870", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ELISA" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91871", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria IgG levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91872", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Geometric mean anti-tetanus titers ( GMTs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 910, 953 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91873", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Anti-tetanus GMTs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91874", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adult" ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91875", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 450 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91877", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term evaluation of tamsulosin in benign prostatic hyperplasia : placebo-controlled , double-blind extension of phase III trial . Tamsulosin Investigator Group . OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of once-daily tamsulosin ( 0.4 and 0.8 mg ) , a unique selective alpha1A-adrenoceptor antagonist in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) . METHODS This trial extended a 13-week , Phase III multicenter placebo-controlled , double-blind outpatient trial for an additional 40 weeks . Of 618 patients , 418 ( 68 % ) continued into the extension phase on the same double-blind medication and dose . The primary efficacy parameters were total American Urological Association ( AUA ) symptom score and maximum urinary flow ( Qmax ) . RESULTS The mean changes in AUA symptom score from baseline to end point were statistically significant in all groups ( P < 0.001 ) . Significant improvements were observed in Qmax for both tamsulosin groups but not for the placebo group . The statistically significant improvements from baseline in efficacy parameters observed for each tamsulosin group at the end of the 13-week Phase III trial were maintained during the long-term extension phase . Tamsulosin at both dosages was well tolerated as maintenance therapy . Clinically significant orthostatic hypotension was not observed . Vital sign changes in either hypertensive or normotensive patients were not clinically significantly different across the three groups . CONCLUSIONS Tamsulosin once-daily at 0.4 or 0.8 mg was shown to be effective , safe , and well tolerated in the target BPH population during long-term use ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1646 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91878", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamsulosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91879", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91880", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamsulosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91881", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamsulosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91882", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91883", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamsulosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91884", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Tamsulosin" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91885", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total American Urological Association ( AUA ) symptom score" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91886", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximum urinary flow ( Qmax )" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91887", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "AUA symptom score" ], "offsets": [ [ 792, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91888", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Qmax" ], "offsets": [ [ 755, 759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91889", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significant improvements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1022, 1046 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91890", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1252, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91891", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "orthostatic hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1310, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91892", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Vital sign changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1353, 1371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91893", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "benign prostatic hyperplasia :" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91894", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "target BPH population" ], "offsets": [ [ 1602, 1623 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91896", "type": "document", "text": [ "A double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of nefazodone in the treatment of patients hospitalized for major depression . BACKGROUND There are few published placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of the newer antidepressants in markedly or severely depressed hospitalized patients . This study demonstrates the efficacy of nefazodone compared with placebo in the treatment of patients hospitalized for major depression . METHOD Nefazodone and placebo treatment were compared in a 6-week trial of 120 patients hospitalized for DSM-III-R diagnosed major depression ( without psychosis ) at 2 study centers . Efficacy was evaluated using standard psychiatric rating scales , and patients were monitored for safety . RESULTS Nefazodone treatment resulted in a significant reduction ( p < .01 ) of the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ( HAM-D-17 ) total score compared with placebo from the end of the first treatment week through the end of the study ( -12.2 nefazodone vs. -7.7 placebo ) . At the end of the trial , significantly more nefazodone-treated patients ( 50 % ) than placebo-treated patients ( 29 % ) had responded , as indicated by their Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement score ( p = .021 ) or by a > or = 50 % reduction in their HAM-D-17 scores ( p = .017 ) . Significantly more patients treated with nefazodone ( 36 % ) than placebo-treated patients ( 14 % ) had a HAM-D-17 score < or = 10 at the end of treatment ( p = .004 ) . Significant treatment differences ( p < .01 ) in favor of nefazodone were also seen in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale ; the HAM-D retardation , anxiety , and sleep disturbance factors ; and HAM-D item 1 ( depressed mood ) . Patients with dysthymia in addition to major depression also showed significant improvement ( p < .05 ) when treated with nefazodone , with significant differences in response rates seen as early as week 2 and through the end of the trial . The mean nefazodone dose was 491 mg/day at the end of week 2 and 503 mg/day at the end of treatment . Nefazodone was well tolerated , and the number of patients discontinuing owing to adverse events was small , with no significant safety issues noted in either treatment group . Fewer nefazodone-treated than placebo-treated patients discontinued owing to lack of efficacy . CONCLUSION Nefazodone was superior to placebo in the treatment of marked to severe major depression in patients requiring hospitalization . The clinical benefit of nefazodone was evident as early as the first week of treatment as judged by several measures of efficacy , with significant differences from placebo sustained throughout the trial ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2679 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91897", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91898", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nefazodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91899", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91900", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nefazodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91901", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91902", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Nefazodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91903", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91904", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91905", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nefazodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91906", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91907", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nefazodone-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91908", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91909", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nefazodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91910", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91911", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nefazodone-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91912", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91913", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Nefazodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91914", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nefazodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91915", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "standard psychiatric rating scales" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 691 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91916", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 863 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91917", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1180, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91918", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "HAM-D-17 scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1278, 1293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91919", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "HAM-D-17 score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1278, 1292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91920", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale ; the HAM-D retardation , anxiety , and sleep disturbance factors ; and HAM-D item 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1570, 1696 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91921", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "dysthymia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1732, 1741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91922", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "major depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91923", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "nefazodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91924", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "well tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 2076, 2090 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91925", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 2143, 2157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91926", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91927", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91928", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severely depressed" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91929", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91930", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "dysthymia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1732, 1741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91931", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91932", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91934", "type": "document", "text": [ "Proposed synergistic effect of calcium channel blockers with lipid-lowering therapy in retarding progression of coronary atherosclerosis . Lipid-lowering therapy now has undoubtedly proven to be an effective therapeutic modality to retard the progression of coronary atherosclerosis . An additional approach for prevention of the progression of atherosclerosis is calcium channel blocker ( CCB ) treatment . Evidence indicating that CCBs inhibit atherosclerosis is less unequivocal than the clear evidence for lipid-lowering therapy . Many investigations support the view that a number of key processes in atherosclerosis may be influenced by CCBs . From the \" negative \" and \" positive \" studies with CCBs performed in animals and humans we must conclude that apparently some , but not all , types or stages of the atherosclerotic process are inhibited by CCBs . To assess whether lipid-lowering therapy and CCB treatment may have an additive or synergistic beneficial effect on human atherosclerosis , which is conceivable because their anti-atherosclerotic properties differ , data from the angiographic lipid-lowering trial REGRESS ( pravastatin vs. placebo ) were reviewed . In REGRESS , patients in the pravastatin group had significantly less progression if cotreated with CCBs as compared with those with no CCB cotreatment , whereas in the placebo ( no pravastatin ) group no effect of CCB treatment was observed . With respect to angiographic new lesion formation , in the pravastatin group there were 50 % less patients with new angiographic lesions if cotreated with CCBs as compared with no CCB cotreatment , whereas in the placebo ( no pravastatin ) group , again , no significant effect of CCB treatment was observed . No beneficial effects of CCB treatment on clinical events were observed during the 2-year study follow-up . In view of the correlation between angiographic progression and subsequent clinical events as demonstrated in several large trials , it is not unrealistic to also anticipate in this population , a beneficial effect on clinical events with longer follow-up . Although the REGRESS trial was not designed to evaluate combination therapy , the results suggest that addition of CCBs to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy ( pravastatin ) acts synergistically in retarding the progression of established coronary atherosclerosis . These results appear to warrant prospective randomized trials to determine in a more definitive manner the merits of this combination in the prevention of progression of coronary atherosclerosis . Currently a number of studies in these fields are being designed or are already underway ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2654 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91935", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium channel blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91936", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lipid-lowering therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91937", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Lipid-lowering therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91938", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium channel blocker ( CCB )" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91939", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91940", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lipid-lowering therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 534 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91941", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91942", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91943", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91944", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lipid-lowering therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91945", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCB" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91946", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91947", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91948", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91949", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91950", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCB" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91951", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ( no pravastatin )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91952", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCB" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91953", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91954", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91955", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCB" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91956", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ( no pravastatin )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91957", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCB" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91958", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCB" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91959", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CCBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91960", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91961", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "progression of coronary atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91962", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91963", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "progression of atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91964", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91965", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91966", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "angiographic new lesion formation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1440, 1473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91967", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "angiographic lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1540, 1560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91968", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinical events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1776, 1791 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91969", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "angiographic progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1877, 1901 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91970", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinical events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1776, 1791 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91971", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "progression of established coronary atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2313, 2364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91972", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "progression of coronary atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91973", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "retarding progression of coronary atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "91975", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of aldose reductase inhibition on cardiovascular reflex tests in patients with definite diabetic autonomic neuropathy over a period of 2 years . The potential of the aldose reductase inhibitor tolrestat to ameliorate definite diabetic autonomic neuropathy ( DAN ) , as defined by standard cardiovascular autonomic function tests , was evaluated in 35 patients over a period of 2 years , with repeated measurements at 3-month intervals . The effect of tolrestat ( 200 mg a day ) was compared with that of placebo on 35 controls with diabetes mellitus , of similar age , gender , and glycemic control . In the placebo group , a significant deterioration of the indices , with the exception of Valsalva ratio , was recorded , while tolrestat induced a significant beneficial change in the values of most standard cardiovascular reflex tests , in comparison to baseline and placebo . The deep breathing tests ( expiration-inspiration ratio , standard deviation , and mean circular resultant of R-R intervals ) , postural index , and postural hypotension were favorably affected . Three of 35 patients on tolrestat ( 8.6 % ) developed high transaminases levels ( more than threefold the upper normal limit ) and were withdrawn from the study . In conclusion , tolrestat improved autonomic nervous system function in patients with definite DAN , in comparison to baseline and placebo . The clinical importance of this finding needs further investigation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1456 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "91976", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aldose reductase" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91977", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tolrestat" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91978", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tolrestat" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91979", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91980", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91981", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tolrestat" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91982", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tolrestat" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91983", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tolrestat" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91984", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiovascular reflex tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91985", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Valsalva ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 712 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91986", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "values of most standard cardiovascular reflex tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91987", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "deep breathing tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 891, 911 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91988", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "expiration-inspiration ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91989", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "standard deviation" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 963 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91990", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean circular resultant of R-R intervals" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 1010 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91991", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postural index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1015, 1029 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91992", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postural hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1036, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91993", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high transaminases levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1137, 1162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91994", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "autonomic nervous system function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91995", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "definite diabetic autonomic neuropathy over a period of 2 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91996", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "35" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91997", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "35" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "91998", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "controls with diabetes mellitus , of similar age , gender , and glycemic control ." ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92000", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography . BACKGROUND Blood transfusions prevent recurrent stroke in children with sickle cell anemia , but the value of transfusions in preventing a first stroke is unknown . We used transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to identify children with sickle cell anemia who were at high risk for stroke and then randomly assigned them to receive standard care or transfusions to prevent a first stroke . METHODS To enter the study , children with sickle cell anemia and no history of stroke had to have undergone two transcranial Doppler studies that showed that the time-averaged mean blood-flow velocity in the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery was 200 cm per second or higher . The patients were randomly assigned to receive standard care or transfusions to reduce the hemoglobin S concentration to less than 30 percent of the total hemoglobin concentration . The incidence of stroke ( cerebral infarction or intracranial hemorrhage ) was compared between the two groups . RESULTS A total of 130 children ( mean [ +/-SD ] age , 8.3+/-3.3 years ) were enrolled ; 63 were randomly assigned to receive transfusions and 67 to receive standard care . At base line , the transfusion group had a slightly lower mean hemoglobin concentration ( 7.2 vs. 7.6 g per deciliter , P=0.001 ) and hematocrit ( 20.4 vs. 21.7 percent , P=0.002 ) . Ten patients dropped out of the transfusion group , and two patients crossed over from the standard-care group to the transfusion group . There were 10 cerebral infarctions and 1 intracerebral hematoma in the standard-care group , as compared with 1 infarction in the transfusion group -- a 92 percent difference in the risk of stroke ( P < 0.001 ) . This result led to the early termination of the trial . CONCLUSIONS Transfusion greatly reduces the risk of a first stroke in children with sickle cell anemia who have abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2047 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92001", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Blood transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92002", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "standard care or transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92003", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Transfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1889, 1900 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92004", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean hemoglobin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1345, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92005", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hematocrit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1421, 1431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92006", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cerebral infarctions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1622, 1642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92007", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "intracerebral hematoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1649, 1671 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92008", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1036, 1046 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92009", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk of a first stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1921, 1943 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92010", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sickle cell anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92011", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92012", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sickle cell anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92013", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sickle cell anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92014", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92015", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92016", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sickle cell anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92017", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92018", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "130" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92019", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "8.3+/-3.3 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 1169, 1184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92020", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "63" ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92021", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92022", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sickle cell anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92024", "type": "document", "text": [ "Bronchodilator response to salbutamol after spontaneous recovery from nonspecific bronchial provocation tests in asthma . Assessment of airway responsiveness by bronchoprovocation and bronchodilatation tests is important in the diagnostic work-up protocol of bronchial asthma and it would be convenient to undertake both tests on the same occasion . However , it is not known whether this can be done accurately . Therefore , this study evaluated the effect of a prior bronchial provocation test on the bronchodilator response to salbutamol after spontaneous recovery of the forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) in a group of asthmatic subjects . On two separate occasions at the same time of day , concentration-response studies with inhaled histamine or methacholine , or a sham challenge with normal saline were carried out in a blinded , randomized manner . Changes in airway calibre were followed as FEV1 and agonist responsiveness expressed as the provocative concentration causing a 20 % fall in FEV1 ( PC20 ) . After either spontaneous recovery or a fixed-duration wait of 45 min ( when appropriate ) , the subjects received 2x100 microg of salbutamol from a metered dose inhaler with a spacer . The bronchodilator response to salbutamol was expressed as a percentage of initial FEV1 ( deltaFEV1 % init ) . Bronchial challenge with both agonists failed to alter significantly the airway response to salbutamol , with the deltaFEV1 % init mean value ( range ) being 16.9 % ( 9.0-31.9 ) and 17.5 % ( 11.6-31.2 ) on the sham and histamine/methacholine challenge day respectively . It was shown that the degree of bronchodilatation achieved after salbutamol 200 microg is not affected by prior bronchoprovocation testing when enough time is allowed for the airways to recover spontaneously to baseline forced expiratory volume in one second . Thus evaluation of airway responsiveness by both bronchial provocation tests and bronchodilator testing can be assessed reliably within a few hours in asthmatic patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2029 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92025", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92026", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92027", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 763 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92028", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methacholine" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92029", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sham challenge with normal saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 820 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92030", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92031", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "FEV1" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92032", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "FEV1" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92033", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "FEV1" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92034", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "initial FEV1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1290, 1302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92035", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "airway response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1399, 1414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92036", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "deltaFEV1 % init mean value" ], "offsets": [ [ 1440, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92037", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92038", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bronchial asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92040", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomised placebo-controlled trial of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis . BACKGROUND Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute childhood gastroenteritis . Vaccination with live oral heterologous rotavirus vaccines may prevent rotavirus gastroenteritis . We assessed the efficacy of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine ( RRV-TV ) against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in Finnish children in a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial . METHODS Placebo or RRV-TV ( titre 4x10 ( 5 ) plaque-forming units ) was given to infants at ages 2 , 3 , and 5 months . The children were followed up for one or two rotavirus epidemic seasons . The main outcome measure was protection against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis ( score > or =11 on a 20-point severity scale ) . 2398 children were enrolled and received at least one dose of RRV-TV ( n=1191 ) or placebo ( n=1207 ) . The primary efficacy analysis was based on children who received three doses of RRV-TV ( n=1128 ) or placebo ( n=1145 ) . FINDINGS 256 episodes of rotavirus gastroenteritis occurred at any time during the study ; 65 were among 1191 RRV-TV recipients , and 191 among 1207 placebo recipients ( vaccine efficacy 66 % [ 95 % CI 55-74 ] ; intention-to-treat analysis ) . 226 episodes were included in the primary efficacy analysis of fully vaccinated children ( 54 among 1128 RRV-TV recipients , 172 among 1145 placebo recipients ; vaccine efficacy 68 % [ 57-76 ] ) . 100 episodes were severe , eight in RRV-TV recipients and 92 in placebo recipients ( vaccine efficacy 91 % [ 82-96 ] ) . INTERPRETATION RRV-TV vaccine was highly effective against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children . Incorporation of this vaccine into routine immunisation schedules of infants could reduce severe rotavirus gastroenteritis by 90 % and severe gastroenteritis of all causes in young children by 60 % ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1952 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92041", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92042", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92043", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine ( RRV-TV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92044", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92045", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92046", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RRV-TV" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92047", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92048", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RRV-TV" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92049", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92050", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RRV-TV" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92051", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RRV-TV vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1656, 1670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92052", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severe rotavirus gastroenteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92053", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92054", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severe rotavirus gastroenteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92055", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92056", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severe rotavirus gastroenteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92057", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severe gastroenteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1888, 1910 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92058", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92059", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants at ages 2 , 3 , and 5 months" ], "offsets": [ [ 609, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92060", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2398" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92061", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92062", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1736, 1750 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92064", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomised trial of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for acute and gangrenous cholecystitis . BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC ) has become the treatment of choice for elective cholecystectomy , but controversy persists over use of this approach in the treatment of acute cholecystitis . We undertook a randomised comparison of the safety and outcome of LC and open cholecystectomy ( OC ) in patients with acute cholecystitis . METHODS 63 of 68 consecutive patients who met criteria for acute cholecystitis were randomly assigned OC ( 31 patients ) or LC ( 32 patients ) . The primary endpoints were hospital mortality and morbidity , length of hospital stay , and length of sick leave from work . Analysis was by intention to treat . Suspected bile-duct stones were investigated by preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography ( LC group ) or intraoperative cholangiography ( OC group ) . FINDINGS The two randomised groups were similar in demographic , physical , and clinical characteristics . 48 % of the patients in the OC group and 59 % in the LC group were older than 60 years . 13 patients in each group had gangrene or empyema , and one in each group had perforation of the gallbladder causing diffuse peritonitis . Five ( 16 % ) patients in the LC group required conversion to OC , in most because severe inflammation distorted the anatomy of Calot 's triangle . There were no deaths or bile-duct lesions in either group , but the postoperative complication rate was significantly ( p=0.0048 ) higher in the OC than in the LC group : seven ( 23 % ) patients had major and six ( 19 % ) minor complications after OC , whereas only one ( 3 % ) minor complication occurred after LC . The postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the LC than the OC group ( median 4 [ IQR 2-5 ] vs 6 [ 5-8 ] days ; p=0.0063 ) . Mean length of sick leave was shorter in the LC group ( 13.9 vs 30.1 days ; 95 % CI for difference 10.9-21.7 ) . INTERPRETATION Even though LC for acute and gangrenous cholecystitis is technically demanding , in experienced hands it is safe and effective . It does not increase the mortality rate , and the morbidity rate seems to be even lower than that in OC . However , a moderately high conversion rate must be accepted ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2283 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92065", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopic" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92066", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "open cholecystectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92067", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Laparoscopic cholecystectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92068", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "( LC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92069", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "elective cholecystectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92070", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "LC" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92071", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "open cholecystectomy ( OC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92072", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "OC" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92073", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "LC" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92074", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "LC" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92075", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "intraoperative cholangiography" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 900 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92076", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "OC" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92077", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "LC" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92078", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "LC" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92079", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "OC" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92080", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "OC" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92081", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "LC" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92082", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "OC" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92083", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "LC" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92084", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "OC" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92085", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "hospital mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92086", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 643, 652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92087", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 678 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92088", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of sick leave from work" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92089", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Suspected bile-duct stones" ], "offsets": [ [ 755, 781 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92090", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gangrene" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92091", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "empyema" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92092", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "perforation of the gallbladder causing diffuse peritonitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92093", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severe inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1334, 1353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92094", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92095", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bile-duct lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1423, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92096", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "postoperative complication" ], "offsets": [ [ 1467, 1493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92097", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "minor complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1621, 1640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92098", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "postoperative hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1720, 1747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92099", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mean length of sick leave" ], "offsets": [ [ 1858, 1883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92100", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92101", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 2103, 2112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92102", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2140, 2154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92103", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "morbidity rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2165, 2179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92104", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute and gangrenous cholecystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92105", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute cholecystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92106", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute cholecystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92107", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "63" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 458 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92108", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "68" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 464 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92109", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute cholecystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92110", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "31" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92111", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "32" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92113", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of formoterol , salmeterol or oxitropium bromide on airway responses to salbutamol in COPD . We examined whether a pretreatment with formoterol , oxitropium bromide , or salmeterol might modify the dose-response curves to inhaled salbutamol in patients with stable and partially reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . Sixteen outpatients with partially reversible , stable COPD received 24 microg formoterol , 50 microg salmeterol , 200 microg oxitropium bromide , or placebo on four non-consecutive days . Spirometric testing was performed immediately before inhalation of treatment and after 2 h. A dose-response curve to inhaled salbutamol was then constructed using doses of 100 , 100 , 200 microg and 400 microg -- that is , a total cumulative dose of 800 microg . Dose increments were given at 20 min intervals with measurements being made 15 min after each dose . Formoterol , salmeterol , or oxitropium bromide elicited a significant increase in forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) compared with placebo ( mean differences ( L ) = placebo 0.05 ; formoterol 0.34 ; salmeterol 0.27 ; oxitropium bromide 0.23 ) . Dose-dependent increases in FEV1 were seen ( mean values ( L ) before salbutamol and after a cumulative dose of 100 , 200 , 400 , and 800 microg = placebo : 1.06 , 1.28 , 1.35 , 1.39 , 1.41 ; formoterol : 1.33 , 1.37 , 1.41 , 1.44 , 1.44 ; salmeterol : 1.30 , 1.33 , 1.36 , 1.39 , 1.42 ; oxitropium bromide : 1.27 , 1.34 , 1.37 , 1.41 , 1.40 ) . Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in FEV1 and forced vital capacity ( FVC ) responses to salbutamol after therapy with formoterol , salmeterol , or oxitropium bromide compared with placebo . This study clearly shows that a pretreatment with a conventional dose of formoterol , salmeterol , or oxitropium bromide does not preclude the possibility of inducing a further bronchodilation with salbutamol in patients suffering from partially reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2015 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92114", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "formoterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92115", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92116", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxitropium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92117", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92118", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "formoterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92119", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxitropium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92120", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92121", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92122", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "24 microg formoterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 416, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92123", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "50 microg salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 459 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92124", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "200 microg oxitropium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92125", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92126", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Spirometric testing" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 555 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92127", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92128", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "constructed using doses of 100 , 100 , 200 microg and 400 microg -- that is , a total cumulative dose of 800 microg" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92129", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Formoterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 910 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92130", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92131", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxitropium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92132", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92133", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92134", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "formoterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92135", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92136", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxitropium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92137", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92138", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "formoterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92139", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92140", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxitropium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92141", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "formoterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92142", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92143", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxitropium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92144", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92145", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "formoterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92146", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salmeterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92147", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxitropium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92148", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92149", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "airway responses to salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92150", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "dose-response curves to inhaled salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92151", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "dose-response curve to inhaled salbutamol" ], "offsets": [ [ 630, 671 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92152", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 1030 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92153", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "FEV1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92154", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "FEV1 and forced vital capacity ( FVC ) responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1565, 1613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92155", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bronchodilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1896, 1911 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92156", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "COPD ." ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92157", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with stable and partially reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92158", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "partially reversible" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92159", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stable COPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92161", "type": "document", "text": [ "Zolmitriptan ( 311C90 ) does not interact with fluoxetine in healthy volunteers . Zolmitriptan ( Zomig , formerly 311C90 ) is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT ) 1B/1D-receptor agonist with central and peripheral activity for the acute treatment of migraine . This randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study investigated the effects of fluoxetine administration on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolmitriptan . Twenty volunteers were given single doses of fluoxetine 20 mg or an identical placebo daily for 28 days prior to receiving a single 10 mg oral dose of zolmitriptan . Sixteen volunteers completed the two treatment phases . The pharmacokinetic parameters of zolmitriptan and its metabolites were not significantly affected by fluoxetine pretreatment . The pharmacodynamic effects of zolmitriptan were also unaffected by fluoxetine pretreatment . There were small , clinically insignificant increases in blood pressure following zolmitriptan which were unaltered by fluoxetine . Zolmitriptan was well tolerated when given alone or concomitantly with fluoxetine . These results indicate that there is no contraindication to the use of zolmitriptan in patients treated concurrently with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and that no adjustment of the zolmitriptan dose is required in these circumstances ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1343 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92162", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zolmitriptan ( 311C90 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92163", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92164", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zolmitriptan ( Zomig , formerly 311C90 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92165", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "selective 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT ) 1B/1D-receptor agonist" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92166", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92167", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92168", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zolmitriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92169", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine 20 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 498 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92170", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92171", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zolmitriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92172", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zolmitriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92173", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92174", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zolmitriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92175", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92176", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zolmitriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92177", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92178", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Zolmitriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92179", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluoxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92180", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zolmitriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92181", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1219, 1258 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92182", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zolmitriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92183", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolmitriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92184", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "pharmacokinetic parameters of zolmitriptan and its metabolites" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92185", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "pharmacodynamic effects of zolmitriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92186", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 952 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92187", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "well tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1044 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92188", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "contraindication" ], "offsets": [ [ 1137, 1153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92189", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92190", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 603, 610 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92191", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "serotonin reuptake inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1229, 1258 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92193", "type": "document", "text": [ "Diet design for a multicenter controlled feeding trial : the DELTA program . Delta Research Group . OBJECTIVE To describe the process and results of diet standardization , diet validation , and monitoring of diet composition , which were key components of protocol 1 of Dietary Effects on Lipoproteins and Thrombogenic Activity ( DELTA-1 ) , the initial protocol in a program of multicenter human feeding studies designed to evaluate the effects of amount and type of fat on lipoproteins and hemostasis parameters in various demographic groups . DESIGN DELTA-1 was based on a randomized , blinded , crossover experimental design . Three diets were fed for 8 weeks to 103 healthy men and women aged 22 to 67 years at 4 field centers . Diet A , an average American diet , was designed to provide 37 % of energy from fat , 16 % of energy from saturated fatty acids ( SFAs ) ; diet B ( step 1 diet ) was designed to provide 30 % of energy from fat , 9 % of energy from SFA ; and diet C ( low SFA diet ) was designed to provide 26 % of energy from fat , 5 % of energy from SFA . Key features of diet standardization included central procurement of fat-containing foods , inclusion of standard ingredients , precision weighing of foods -- especially sources of fat and cholesterol -- and use of standardized written procedures . SETTING For menu validation , a set of 12 menus for each diet was prepared in duplicate and chemically assayed . For monitoring of diet composition during the study , an 8-day diet cycle ( 6 weekday and 2 weekend menus ) was sampled by every field center twice during each of 3 feeding periods . STATISTICAL ANALYSES Means ( +/- standard error ) were calculated and compared with target nutrient specifications . RESULTS DELTA-1 was able to provide a standardized diet that met nutrient specifications across 4 field centers over 24 weeks of participant feeding spanning a total of 8 months . APPLICATIONS Prestudy chemical validation of menus and continuous sampling and assay of diets throughout the study are essential to standardize experimental diets and to ensure that nutrient target goals are met and maintained throughout a controlled multicenter feeding study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2194 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92194", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Three diets" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92195", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Diet A ," ], "offsets": [ [ 734, 742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92196", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "an average American diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92197", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ ", was designed to provide 37 % of energy from fat , 16 % of energy from saturated fatty acids ( SFAs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 768, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92198", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diet B ( step 1 diet ) was designed to provide 30 % of energy from fat , 9 % of energy from SFA" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92199", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diet C ( low SFA diet ) was designed to provide 26 % of energy from fat , 5 % of energy" ], "offsets": [ [ 975, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92200", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nutrient specifications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1710, 1733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92201", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "103" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92202", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92203", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 692 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92205", "type": "document", "text": [ "Improved survival with early intensification : combined results from the Medical Research Council childhood ALL randomised trials , UKALL X and UKALL XI . Medical Research Council Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia . The Medical Research Council ( MRC ) United Kingdom trial for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ( UKALL X ) randomised patients aged 0-14 years inclusive with an initial white blood count of less than 100 x 10 ( 9 ) /l to receive an early intensification block , a late intensification block , both , or neither . The next trial , UKALL XI , for children aged 1-14 years , randomised between different central nervous system ( CNS ) directed therapies . At the beginning of the trial , all patients were also randomised between late intensification alone and both early plus late blocks . The effects of both the early and the late block in UKALL X alone have been reported previously . This paper examines the effect of the addition of the early intensification block to treatment which included late intensification , combining the data from UKALL X and the first part of UKALL XI . Early intensification was associated with fewer bone marrow relapses and a reduction in the odds of death of 0.63 ( 95 % confidence interval : 0.46-0.87 ) . Survival was significantly improved with an increase at 5 years of 8 % , from 79 to 87 % . Following this demonstration that early intensification improves survival , the effect of a third intensification block is under investigation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1502 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92206", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "early intensification" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92207", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "an early intensification block" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 485 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92208", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "late intensification block" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 516 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92209", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "different central nervous system ( CNS ) directed therapies" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92210", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "late intensification alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92211", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "both early plus late blocks" ], "offsets": [ [ 784, 811 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92212", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone marrow relapses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92213", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92214", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92215", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "randomised trials" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92217", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in women after myocardial infarction : the cholesterol and recurrent events ( CARE ) trial . OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the effect of pravastatin on recurrent cardiovascular events in women with average cholesterol levels after myocardial infarction ( MI ) . BACKGROUND Little information is available on the effectiveness of lipid lowering in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) in women ; in particular , those with CHD and average cholesterol levels . METHODS In the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events ( CARE ) trial , 576 postmenopausal women , between 3 and 20 months after MI , with a total cholesterol level < 240 mg/dl and a low density lipoprotein cholesterol level 115 to 174 mg/dl , were randomized to receive pravastatin 40 mg/day or matching placebo for a median follow-up period of 5 years . The main outcome measures were combined coronary events ( coronary death , nonfatal MI , percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [ PTCA ] or coronary artery bypass graft surgery [ CABG ] ) , the primary trial end point ( coronary death or nonfatal MI ) and stroke . RESULTS Women treated with pravastatin had a risk reduction of 43 % for the primary end point ( p = 0.035 ) , 46 % for combined coronary events ( p = 0.001 ) , 48 % for PTCA ( p = 0.025 ) , 40 % for CABG ( p = 0.14 ) and 56 % for stroke ( p = 0.07 ) . The 3,583 men in the CARE trial also showed a reduction in risk , but the magnitude tended to be less . Pravastatin improved plasma lipids similarly in men and women . There were no differences in risk of coronary events in the placebo group between men and women . Minor differences between men and women were present in baseline characteristics and treatment for MI , in general , conferring a higher risk status and a lower incidence of CABG in the women . CONCLUSIONS Pravastatin led to significant early reduction of a wide range of cardiovascular events in post-MI women with average cholesterol levels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2012 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92218", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92219", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92220", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pravastatin 40 mg/day" ], "offsets": [ [ 792, 813 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92221", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92222", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1506, 1517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92223", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pravastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1506, 1517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92224", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92225", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrent cardiovascular events" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92226", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "combined coronary events ( coronary death , nonfatal MI , percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [ PTCA ] or coronary artery bypass graft surgery [ CABG ] ) , the primary trial end point ( coronary death or nonfatal MI ) and stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 908, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92227", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92228", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92229", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma lipids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1527, 1540 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92230", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk of coronary events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1599, 1622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92231", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women after myocardial infarction :" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92232", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women with average cholesterol levels after myocardial infarction ( MI ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 312 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92233", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "coronary heart disease ( CHD ) in women ; in particular , those with CHD and average cholesterol levels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 527 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92235", "type": "document", "text": [ "Glucosamine in serum of patients after myocardial infarction subjected to rehabilitation training . This paper presents results of 3 weeks physical training on glucosamine level in serum of male patients after myocardial infarction ( MI ) aged between 38 and 61 . Patients were randomised in two groups : the training group ( n = 21 ) , staying in Cardiac Rehabilitation Department and the control group ( n = 11 ) , discharged home for 3 weeks . Each group received identical dietary instructions . The training group performed exercises every day : on bicycle ergometer during 30 minutes ( 5 times a week ) , overall-conditioning exercises for 30 minutes daily and 30 to 60 minutes of walking each day . Before administering of the therapy and 3 weeks later all MI patients performed the bicycle ergometer exercise test until the ventilatory threshold was reached . Before that test and 3 minutes after its termination capillary and venous blood samples were drawn . In the capillary blood samples indices of acid-base balance , lactate level , and glucose level were determined . In venous blood samples the serum levels of immunoreactive insulin , C-peptide and glucosamine were determined as well as binding of 125I-insulin to erythrocyte receptors . Obtained results show that administered therapy increased physical fitness and decreased of glucosamine concentration , insulinaemia and insulin resistance ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1413 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92236", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "rehabilitation training" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92237", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "physical training" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92238", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "discharged home" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92239", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "exercises every day : on bicycle ergometer during 30 minutes ( 5 times a week ) , overall-conditioning exercises for 30 minutes daily and 30 to 60 minutes of walking each day" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 703 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92240", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Before administering of the therapy and 3 weeks later all MI patients performed the bicycle ergometer exercise test until the ventilatory threshold was reached" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92241", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Glucosamine in serum" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92242", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glucosamine level in serum" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92243", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventilatory threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92244", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "indices of acid-base balance , lactate level , and glucose level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92245", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum levels of immunoreactive insulin , C-peptide and glucosamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1111, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92246", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "binding of 125I-insulin to erythrocyte receptors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1205, 1253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92247", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "physical fitness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1314, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92248", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glucosamine concentration , insulinaemia and insulin resistance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1348, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92249", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92250", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "aged between 38 and 61" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92251", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "training group" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92252", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "21" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92253", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "staying in Cardiac Rehabilitation Department and the" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92254", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "control group ( n = 11" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92256", "type": "document", "text": [ "A double-blind , placebo-controlled study of risperidone in adults with autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders . BACKGROUND Neurobiological research has implicated the dopamine and serotonin systems in the pathogenesis of autism . Open-label reports suggest that the serotonin2A-dopamine D2 antagonist risperidone may be safe and effective in reducing the interfering symptoms of patients with autism . METHODS Thirty-one adults ( age [ mean+/-SD ] , 28.1+/-7.3 years ) with autistic disorder ( n=17 ) or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified ( n=14 ) participated in a 12-week double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of risperidone . Patients treated with placebo subsequently received a 12-week open-label trial of risperidone . RESULTS For persons completing the study , 8 ( 57 % ) of 14 patients treated with risperidone were categorized as responders ( daily dose [ mean+/-SD ] , 2.9+/-1.4 mg ) compared with none of 16 in the placebo group ( P < .002 ) . Risperidone was superior to placebo in reducing repetitive behavior ( P < .001 ) , aggression ( P < .001 ) , anxiety or nervousness ( P < .02 ) , depression ( P < .03 ) , irritability ( P < .01 ) , and the overall behavioral symptoms of autism ( P < .02 ) . Objective , measurable change in social behavior and language did not occur . Nine ( 60 % ) of 15 patients who received treatment with open-label risperidone following the double-blind placebo phase responded . Other than mild , transient sedation , risperidone was well tolerated , with no evidence of extrapyramidal effects , cardiac events , or seizures . CONCLUSION Risperidone is more effective than placebo in the short-term treatment of symptoms of autism in adults ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1735 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92257", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92258", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "serotonin2A-dopamine D2 antagonist risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92259", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92260", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92261", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92262", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92263", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92264", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1014 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92265", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92266", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92267", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1014 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92268", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92269", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "repetitive behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1051, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92270", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92271", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety or nervousness ( P < .02 ) , depression ( P < .03 ) , irritability ( P < .01 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1112, 1198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92272", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "behavioral symptoms of autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92273", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social behavior and language" ], "offsets": [ [ 1294, 1322 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92274", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "mild , transient sedation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1483, 1508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92275", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1532, 1541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92276", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "extrapyramidal effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1564, 1586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92277", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cardiac events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1589, 1603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92278", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1609, 1617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92279", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92280", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92281", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92282", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92283", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92284", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92285", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "n=14" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92286", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92287", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92289", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in sustained-release formulation in young asthmatics ] . Pharmacokinetics of two theophylline ( CAS 58-55-9 ) sustained release preparations ( T : Bronchoretard Capsules/R : Capsule formulation from the US market ) were investigated in an open randomised two-way crossover design . The capsules of the test formulation were opened and administered on a tablespoonful of apple sauce . Nineteen asthmatics aged 6 to 12 years participated in this study . Following individual dosing of 100-300 mg theophylline twice a day , a pharmacokinetic profile for 24 h was derived after seven days of multiple dosing . All relevant parameters for rate ( Cmax ss , Cmin ss , Cav ss , plateau time , peak-trough fluctuation , nocturnal excess , tmax ss ) and extent of absorption ( AUCss ) were calculated for both formulations . With long plateau times ( T : 17.3 h ) and small peak-trough fluctuations ( T : 49.0 % ) , established quality criteria for high quality theophylline preparations were fulfilled by the test formulation . Furthermore , symmetrical peaks resulted after morning and evening administration of the test formulation . In conclusion , smooth and predictable concentration/time profiles were achieved , enabling an efficacious and safe therapy of asthma . This individual mode of administration allows not only a perfect dose titration in young asthmatics , but is also helpful to patients who have difficulty in swallowing large dosage forms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1486 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92290", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "two theophylline ( CAS 58-55-9 ) sustained release preparations" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92291", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "T : Bronchoretard Capsules/R : Capsule formulation from the US market" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92292", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Following individual dosing of 100-300 mg theophylline twice a day" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 553 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92293", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pharmacokinetic profile for 24 h was derived after seven days of multiple dosing" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92294", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Cmax ss , Cmin ss , Cav ss , plateau time , peak-trough fluctuation , nocturnal excess , tmax ss" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 772 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92295", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "extent of absorption" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 799 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92296", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "plateau times" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92297", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "small peak-trough fluctuations" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 923 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92298", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "symmetrical peaks" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92299", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "concentration/time profiles" ], "offsets": [ [ 1201, 1228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92300", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "young asthmatics ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92301", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Nineteen asthmatics aged 6 to 12 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92303", "type": "document", "text": [ "A prospective randomized study of transurethral resection of the prostate and transurethral vaporization of the prostate as a therapeutic alternative in the management of men with BPH . OBJECTIVE The common goals of new surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) are to improve subjective and objective symptoms , to decrease the risk of postoperative complications and short hospitalization . Transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate ( TUVP ) is a new , minimally invasive and a promising alternative to standard transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) in the treatment of BPH . The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of these two treatment alternatives . METHODS A prospective randomized trial of 60 patients with symptomatic BPH was performed . Preoperative and postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) , maximum flow rates ( Qmax ) and complications were recorded in each patient . The volume of the prostate was measured preoperatively and postoperatively using transrectal ultrasound . RESULTS Of the 30 patients who underwent TURP , mean hospital stay was 4.5 days . The Foley catheter was removed on postoperative day 4 following surgery . IPSS decreased from 21.6 to 5.2 , Qmax increased from 9.2 to 19.2 ml/s at 3 months . Mean prostatic volume at 3 months decreased from 51.7 to 26.2 g , a 49.3 % reduction . Of 30 patients undergoing TUVP , mean hospital stay was 2.5 days and the catheter was removed within 2 days following surgery . Postoperative urinary retention did not occur in any patient . IPSS decreased from 19.4 to 4.1 and Qmax increased from 7.9 to 17.7 ml/s at 3 months . Mean prostatic volume decreased from 48.9 to 27.8 g , a 43.1 % reduction at 3 months . In the TUVP group , none of the patients required blood transfusions or developed clinical transurethral resection syndrome . There were no major complications . Sphincteric incontinence , urethral strictures or bladder neck contractures were not recorded . At 3 months postoperatively , 13 patients in the TURP group and 7 patients in the TUVP group had retrograde ejaculation . CONCLUSION Our initial experience of TUVP suggests advantages over conventional TURP through reduced blood loss and shorter hospital stay . It appears to be an effective treatment for BPH ; however , long-term results should be evaluated ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2379 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92304", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "transurethral resection of the prostate and transurethral vaporization of the prostate" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92305", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate ( TUVP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92306", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "standard transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92307", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "benign prostatic hyperplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92308", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "postoperative complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92309", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92310", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Preoperative and postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) , maximum flow rates ( Qmax )" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 910 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92311", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92312", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "transrectal ultrasound" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92313", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Foley catheter" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92314", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IPSS" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92315", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean prostatic volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 1308, 1329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92316", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Postoperative urinary retention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1523, 1554 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92317", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IPSS" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92318", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean prostatic volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 1308, 1329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92319", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1810, 1828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92320", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical transurethral resection syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1842, 1883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92321", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "no major complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1897, 1919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92322", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Sphincteric incontinence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1922, 1946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92323", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "urethral strictures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1949, 1968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92324", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "bladder neck contractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1972, 1997 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92325", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "retrograde ejaculation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2115, 2137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92326", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduced blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 2233, 2251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92327", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "shorter hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 2256, 2277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92328", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "men with BPH ." ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92330", "type": "document", "text": [ "White coat effect detected using self-monitoring of blood pressure at home : comparison with ambulatory blood pressure . The objective of the study was to investigate whether home blood pressure ( HBP ) is a reliable alternative to ambulatory blood pressure ( ABP ) for the detection of the white coat effect ( WCE ) . Hypertensive patients were randomized to measure HBP for 2 weeks or ABP for 24 h. The alternative measurement was then performed . Clinic blood pressure ( CBP ) was measured in the beginning and end of the study . Subjects with a difference of > or = 20 mm Hg systolic or > or = 10 mm Hg diastolic BP between CBP and awake ABP or CBP and HBP , were classified as clinic reactors . A total of 189 patients completed the study ( 79 on stable antihypertensive treatment ) . There was no difference in the magnitude of WCE assessed using the ABP or the HBP method ( mean discrepancy , systolic BP : -1.5 +/- 11.7 mm Hg , 95 % CI -3.2 , 0.2 ; diastolic BP : 0.9 +/- 7.0 , 95 % CI -0.1 , 1.9 ) . A strong association existed between WCE calculated using the HBP or the ABP method ( r = 0.64/0.59 systolic/diastolic , P < .001 ) . The proportion of patients classified as clinic reactors was identical using the HBP or the ABP method ( 25.9 % ) . Agreement between methods in the classification of clinic reactors was found in 147 patients ( 78 % ) . The sensitivity and specificity of the HBP method to classify correctly clinic reactors ( ABP method used as the standard ) were 57 % and 85 % , respectively , whereas its positive and negative predictive value were 57 % and 85 % . These results indicate that HBP is not appropriate as an alternative to ABP diagnostic testing in the detection of WCE . Nevertheless , HBP appears useful as a screening test for the detection of this phenomenon ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1808 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92331", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "home blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92332", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92333", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Clinic blood pressure ( CBP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92334", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "WCE" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92335", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ABP" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92336", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92337", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic BP :" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92338", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diastolic BP :" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 971 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92339", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "WCE" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92340", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92341", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ABP" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92342", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinic reactors" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 697 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92343", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinic reactors" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 697 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92344", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92345", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92346", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92347", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "189" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92348", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "79" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 748 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92350", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effect of quality and amount of dietary fat on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance . OBJECTIVES We examined the effects of a high fat diet rich in monounsaturated fat ( MUFA-diet ) and a moderate fat diet rich in polyunsaturated fat ( PUFA-diet ) on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation . SUBJECTS 29 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance . METHODS After consuming a run-in diet [ 37 % of energy ( E % ) fat , 18 E % saturated fat ] for three weeks , subjects were randomly assigned either to a MUFA-diet ( 40 E % fat , 19 E % monounsaturated fatty acids ) or a PUFA-diet ( 34 E % fat , 10 E % polyunsaturated fat ) for eight weeks . The susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was measured by challenging LDL with hemin and H2O2 and measuring the time for the reaction to reach maximum velocity . Results are expressed as lag time to oxidation in minutes . RESULTS In the PUFA-diet group ( n = 15 ) lag time tended to decrease during the experimental diet ( 97 +/- 28 vs 90 +/- 25 min , mean +/- s.d. , P = 0.073 ) , whereas in the MUFA-diet group ( n = 14 ) there was no significant change ( lag time 96 +/- 24 vs 100 +/- 16 min , P = 0.408 ) . The mean change in lag time was -7 +/- 14 min ( -7.2 % ) in the PUFA-diet group and +4 +/- 16 min ( +4.0 % ) in the MUFA-diet group ( P = 0.029 , PUFA-diet group vs MUFA-diet group ) . The alpha-tocopherol concentration in LDL increased significantly ( P < 0.01 ) in both diet groups relative to the run-in diet period , but LDL particle score did not change in either of the diet groups during the dietary intervention . In subjects with impaired glucose tolerance a PUFA-rich diet with a moderate amount of fat tended to increase the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation as compared to a higher fat diet rich in MUFA . Furthermore , the negative mean change in lag time to oxidation found in the PUFA-diet group differed significantly from the slightly positive mean change found in the MUFA-diet group ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2022 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92351", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high fat diet rich in monounsaturated fat ( MUFA-diet )" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92352", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "moderate fat diet rich in polyunsaturated fat ( PUFA-diet )" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92353", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PUFA-rich" ], "offsets": [ [ 1686, 1695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92354", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MUFA" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92355", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92356", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92357", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "susceptibility of LDL to oxidation" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92358", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "susceptibility of LDL to oxidation" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92359", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time for the reaction to reach maximum velocity" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92360", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "lag time to oxidation" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92361", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "lag time" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 902 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92362", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean change in lag time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92363", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "alpha-tocopherol concentration in LDL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1407, 1444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92364", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL particle score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1543, 1561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92365", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "susceptibility of LDL to oxidation" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92366", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "lag time to oxidation" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92367", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "impaired glucose tolerance" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92368", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "29" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92370", "type": "document", "text": [ "Impact of work site health promotion on stages of dietary change : the Working Well Trial . The stages of change construct has been applied to healthful dietary behavior in cross-sectional studies . This report examines associations of stages of change with diet prospectively and addresses whether ( 1 ) baseline stage of change predicts participation , ( 2 ) forward changes in stage movement were greater in treatment work sites , and ( 3 ) change in stage was associated with adoption of healthful diets , using data from a cohort of 11,237 employees . Findings indicate that persons in later stages of change reported higher participation levels . Employees from intervention work sites who were in preaction stages at baseline were much more likely to shift into action and maintenance stages than controls . Changes in dietary stage of change were associated with decreases in fat intake and increases in fiber , fruit and vegetable intake . Net change in diet due to the intervention was modest . Stage of change appears to be useful for understanding mediators of health promotion intervention effectiveness ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1118 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92371", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "work site health promotion" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92372", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "decreases in fat intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 871, 894 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92373", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "increases in fiber , fruit and vegetable intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92374", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stages of dietary change" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92375", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "a cohort of 11,237 employees" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 554 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92376", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "persons in later stages of change" ], "offsets": [ [ 580, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92377", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Employees from intervention work sites who were in preaction stages at baseline" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 732 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92378", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "controls" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92380", "type": "document", "text": [ "The Treatment of Lead-exposed Children ( TLC ) trial : design and recruitment for a study of the effect of oral chelation on growth and development in toddlers . Exposure to lead impairs cognitive development in young children , but the benefits of lowering blood lead pharmacologically are not clear . This report describes the design , recruitment , enrolment and baseline results of the Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children ( TLC ) trial , a randomised , multicentre , placebo-controlled , double-blind clinical trial of the effects of treating lead-exposed children with succimer , a drug that enhances urinary excretion of lead , on cognitive , behavioural and physical development . TLC clinical sites were in Baltimore , Cincinnati and Columbus , Newark and Philadelphia . Children were eligible for TLC if they were between 12 and 33 months of age , had a confirmed blood lead concentration between 20 and 44 micrograms/dL and lived in a residence suitable for lead dust reduction . Randomised children received up to three 26-day courses of succimer or placebo , and were then followed for 3 years . The study can detect a three-point difference in full-scale IQ at 3-year follow-up . Statistical power for the other end points is more difficult to estimate . A total of 1854 children were evaluated and 780 children were randomised between August 1994 and January 1997 . The mean age of randomised children was 24 months and mean blood lead level 26 micrograms/dL . Three-quarters were African-American . Most children had poor , single mothers who had completed 12 or fewer years of school and who lived in older , poorly maintained residences ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1654 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92381", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral chelation" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92382", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "succimer" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92383", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "succimer" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92384", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92385", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "full-scale IQ" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92386", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Lead-exposed Children ( TLC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92387", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "toddlers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92389", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of prostate-specific antigen corrected for total prostate volume and transition zone volume in a population-based screening study . OBJECTIVES To compare the discriminatory potential between prostate cancer and benign conditions of the prostate in a population-based screening study , of serum prostate-specific antigen levels ( PSA ) and PSA corrected for both the total prostate volume ( PSA-D ) and the transition zone volume ( PSA-T ) . METHODS In a randomized population-based screening study ( Rotterdam section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer ) , in which 10,865 men have been screened , the biopsy results of 1202 men with PSA levels of 4 ng/mL or more were evaluated . Planimetric and prolate ellipsoid volumes of the total prostate as well as of the transition zone were measured . The measured volumes were compared with the volumes of 57 radical prostatectomy specimens through Spearman 's rank correlation coefficient and agreement tests . A receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve analysis was done of sensitivity and specificity of biopsy indications through PSA and PSA corrected for the volumes measured with transrectal ultrasound . RESULTS In the 1202 men studied , 361 cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed . Both PSA-D and PSA-T showed a significantly higher area under the ROC curve ( 0.77 and 0.79 , respectively ) than PSA alone ( area 0.65 ) . There was no significant difference between PSA-D and PSA-T . The use of a PSA-D threshold value of 0 . 10 ng/mL/cc would have avoided 28 % of biopsies at the cost of 10 % of detectable cancers . A PSA-D threshold of 0.15 ng/mL/cc would have avoided 73.8 % of biopsies at the cost of not diagnosing 43.8 % of detectable cancers . CONCLUSIONS The planimetrically obtained prostate volume showed a more favorable agreement with the radical prostatectomy volume than the prolate ellipsoid volume . The discriminatory potential of the corrected PSA value is better at predicting the results of needle biopsy of the prostate when compared with PSA alone . The use of the transition zone volume for this correction results in a higher discriminatory potential when compared to the use of the total prostate volume ; however , the observed difference was not statistically significant ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2303 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92390", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prostate-specific antigen corrected for total prostate volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92391", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "transition zone volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92392", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "biopsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 650 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92393", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Planimetric and prolate ellipsoid volumes of the total prostate as well as of the transition zone" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 820 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92394", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "volumes of 57 radical prostatectomy specimens" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 926 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92395", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "transition zone volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92396", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "total prostate volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92397", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "area under the ROC curve" ], "offsets": [ [ 1335, 1359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92398", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PSA value" ], "offsets": [ [ 1965, 1974 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92399", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prostate cancer and benign conditions of the prostate" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92400", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PSA levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92401", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1202" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 666 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92403", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pelvic lymphocysts following retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy : retroperitoneal partial \" no-closure \" for ovarian and endometrial cancers . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pelvic lymphocysts have been reported mainly following pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer . We attempted to assess whether retroperitoneal partial \" no-closure \" reduces the incidence of lymphocyst formation following retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy . METHODS Sixty-one patients with ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer who underwent retroperitoneal lymph node resection were assigned at random to a retroperitoneal partial \" no-closure \" group or a \" closure \" group . The incidence of lymphocysts in the two groups as determined using ultrasonography was compared . RESULTS Lymphocysts appeared in 23/61 patients ( 38 % ) in total . In the \" closure \" group , the incidence was 52 % ( 16/31 ) , but in the \" no-closure \" group it was only 23 % ( 7/30 ) ; the incidence in the \" no-closure \" group was significantly lower ( P < 0.05 ) . The incidence of postoperative fever was 17 % ( 5/30 ) in the \" no-closure \" group , which was lower than that in the \" closure \" group ( 42 % , 13/31 ) , but not significantly so ( P < 0.1 ) . No patients in the \" no-closure \" group required surgical procedures such as needle aspiration or cyst drainage . CONCLUSIONS Retroperitoneal partial \" no-closure \" appears to be a useful procedure for reducing the incidence of pelvic lymphocysts associated with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1503 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92404", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "retroperitoneal partial \" no-closure \"" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92405", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "retroperitoneal partial \" no-closure \"" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92406", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "retroperitoneal partial \" no-closure \" group" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92407", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "a \"" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92408", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "closure \" group" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92409", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Retroperitoneal partial \" no-closure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1333, 1369 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92410", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lymphocyst formation" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92411", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lymphocysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92412", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Lymphocysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 762 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92413", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "postoperative fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92414", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pelvic lymphocysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 1435, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92415", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92416", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ovarian cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 472 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92417", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "endometrial cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92418", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "retroperitoneal lymph node resection" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 545 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92420", "type": "document", "text": [ "Therapy effect of either paclitaxel or cyclophosphamide combination treatment in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and relation to TP53 gene status . Cell death after treatment with chemotherapy is exerted by activation of apoptosis , and the p53 protein has been shown to actively participate in this process . This recent focus on TP53 status as a possible determinant of cancer therapy response has raised the question of whether or not mutations in the TP53 gene have an influence on paclitaxel therapy . The TP53 status has been analysed at the DNA level in tumours from 45 ovarian cancer patients randomized to treatment with paclitaxel and cisplatin or cyclophosphamide and cisplatin . Therapy response was obtained for 38 patients with clinically evaluable disease after initial surgery . The positive response rate to the paclitaxel/cisplatin therapy was 85 % vs 61 % for the patients who received the cyclophosphamide/cisplatin regimen . A significant difference in relapse-free survival in favour of paclitaxel/cisplatin chemotherapy was found ( P = 0.001 ) . A total of 33 tumour samples ( 73 % ) had detectable sequence alterations in the TP53 gene . When relapse-free survival was estimated for all patients with TP53 alterations in their tumours , a significant better outcome for the paclitaxel/cisplatin group was found compared with the patient group receiving cyclophosphamide and cisplatin therapy ( P = 0.002 ) . We did not observe an association between TP53 tumour status and prognosis for patients who received paclitaxel/cisplatin combination treatment , indicating that the effect of this therapy is not influenced by this parameter ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1666 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92421", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "paclitaxel or cyclophosphamide combination treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92422", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92423", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paclitaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92424", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paclitaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92425", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92426", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92427", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paclitaxel/cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92428", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide/cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 917, 943 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92429", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paclitaxel/cisplatin chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1017, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92430", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paclitaxel/cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92431", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92432", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92433", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "paclitaxel/cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 837, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92434", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Therapy effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92435", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TP53 status" ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 350 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92436", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TP53 status" ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 350 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92437", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Therapy response" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92438", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "positive response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92439", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "relapse-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 1003 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92440", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sequence alterations in the TP53 gene" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92441", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "relapse-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 1003 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92442", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TP53 alterations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1233, 1249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92443", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TP53 tumour status" ], "offsets": [ [ 1482, 1500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92444", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "epithelial ovarian cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92445", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "45" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92446", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ovarian cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92447", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "38" ], "offsets": [ [ 733, 735 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92449", "type": "document", "text": [ "Postoperative injection of phenylbutazone does not influence fibrinolytic shutdown . Twenty-nine patients undergoing cholecystectomy because of chronic calculous cholecystitis were randomised to receive phenylbutazone 10 mg/kg intramuscularly or a control injection ( vehicle-containing local anaesthetic ) immediately after completion of surgery . Fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations in plasma , plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in plasma and fibrinolytic activity in concentrated euglobulins were determined before surgery and on the first , third and seventh postoperative days . Phenylbutazone delayed the postoperative rise of fibrinogen concentration and reduced the plasminogen level on the first day after surgery . Fibrinolytic activity in euglobulins was decreased after the operation in both groups . The great dispersion of the results of plasminogen activator inhibitor activity was the plausible cause of the lack of any significant difference in this variable . The postoperative fibrinolytic shutdown , reflected by the decrease of fibrinolytic activity , was unaffected by phenylbutazone . It can be speculated , however , that the decline of plasminogen concentration after surgery in patients receiving this drug was the result of its stimulatory influence on the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1337 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92450", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenylbutazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92451", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenylbutazone 10 mg/kg intramuscularly" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92452", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92453", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Phenylbutazone" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92454", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phenylbutazone ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1104, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92455", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fibrinolytic shutdown" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92456", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations in plasma" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92457", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in plasma and fibrinolytic activity in concentrated euglobulins" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92458", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rise of fibrinogen concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92459", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasminogen level" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 704 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92460", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fibrinolytic activity in euglobulins" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92461", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasminogen activator inhibitor activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92462", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative fibrinolytic shutdown" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 1030 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92463", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fibrinolytic activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92464", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasminogen concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92465", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92466", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic calculous cholecystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92468", "type": "document", "text": [ "Incidence and time course of cardiovascular side effects during spinal anesthesia after prophylactic administration of intravenous fluids or vasoconstrictors . UNLABELLED We studied the time course of arterial hypotension and/or bradycardia requiring treatment during spinal anesthesia and compared the efficacy of i.v . fluid or vasoconstrictor administration for the prevention of these side effects . Patients ( n = 1066 ) were randomly allocated to either a volume group ( lactated Ringer 's solution 15 mL/kg within 15 min before spinal anesthesia ) , a dihydroergotamine group ( 10 microg/kg i.m . 15 min before anesthesia ) , or a placebo group . All patients breathed O2-enriched air during spinal anesthesia ( 4 mL of plain 0.5 % bupivacaine ) . With the placebo , there were side effects ( mean incidence 22.9 % ) for up to 45 min after the start of anesthesia . Dihydroergotamine reduced the incidence of side effects , preferentially the late ones , more ( mean incidence 11.8 % ) than fluid administration ( mean incidence 16.9 % ) , which was effective only during the first 15 min of anesthesia . Both heart rate and arterial pressure decreased within 15 min before the manifestation of symptoms . In a subgroup of patients , the incidence of side effects ( 8 % ) was greatly reduced by the intraoperative application of both sedatives and opioids . We conclude that cardiovascular side effects may occur at any time during spinal anesthesia . Fluid administration reduced the incidence of early events , but dihydroergotamine the late events . IMPLICATIONS Cardiovascular side effects requiring treatment occurred at any time during spinal anesthesia in our placebo-controlled study , regardless of the prophylactic regimen ( fluid infusions versus dihydroergotamine ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1786 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92469", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "spinal anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92470", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravenous fluids" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92471", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vasoconstrictors" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92472", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluid" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92473", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vasoconstrictor" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92474", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lactated Ringer 's solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92475", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dihydroergotamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 576 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92476", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92477", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo group" ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 651 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92478", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "spinal anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92479", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92480", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92481", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Dihydroergotamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92482", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 1674, 1692 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92483", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluid infusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1742, 1757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92484", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dihydroergotamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 576 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92485", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cardiovascular side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92486", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92487", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 903, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92488", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart rate and arterial pressure decreased" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92489", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 903, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92490", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cardiovascular side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92491", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "incidence of early events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1492, 1517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92492", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "late events ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1546, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92493", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Cardiovascular side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1573, 1600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92494", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "spinal anesthesia after prophylactic administration of intravenous fluids or vasoconstrictors ." ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92495", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "spinal anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92496", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1066" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92498", "type": "document", "text": [ "Laser therapy combined with brachytherapy for the palliation of malignant dysphagia . BACKGROUND/AIM OF STUDY Laser therapy is effective in relieving malignant dysphagia , but repeated treatments at 4 to 6 week intervals are usually required . This prospective randomised trial is designed to determine if addition of brachytherapy offers any advantages over laser therapy alone . METHODS Patients with inoperable carcinoma of the oesophagus were randomised to receive either endoscopic Nd : YAG laser therapy alone , or laser followed by brachytherapy . Patients who developed worsening dysphagia during follow-up were offered further treatment as appropriate . RESULTS Fourteen patients were randomised to receive laser only , and 12 to receive laser followed by brachytherapy . Of these 12 , one was lost to follow-up and four did not receive brachytherapy because they were unfit , had extension into the cardia or had mainly extrinsic compression . These 4 are included on an 'intention-to-treat ' basis . The mean therapeutic interval for the brachytherapy group was significantly longer , 83 days compared to 36 days for the laser group ( p = 0.026 ) . There were no differences in the degree of dysphagia relief , number of endoscopic procedures or survival times . CONCLUSION The preliminary results of this trial suggest that brachytherapy in addition to laser therapy prolongs the first therapeutic interval . However , no long-term advantages have been shown ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1472 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92499", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Laser therapy combined with brachytherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92500", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Laser therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92501", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "laser therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92502", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "endoscopic Nd : YAG laser therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92503", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92504", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "brachytherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92505", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "laser only" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92506", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "brachytherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92507", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "brachytherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92508", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "brachytherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92509", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "malignant dysphagia" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92510", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean therapeutic interval" ], "offsets": [ [ 1015, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92511", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "degree of dysphagia relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 1193, 1219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92512", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of endoscopic procedures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92513", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival times" ], "offsets": [ [ 1257, 1271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92514", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Fourteen patients were randomised to receive laser only , and 12 to receive laser followed by brachytherapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 780 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92516", "type": "document", "text": [ "Combined modality therapy in advanced Hodgkin 's disease : a report on 218 patients with a median follow-up of eight years . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of monthly alternating ABVD/MOPP compared to ABVD/OPP regimens in patients with advanced stage Hodgkin 's disease ( HD ) , as well as in early stage patients with systemic symptoms and/or bulky disease . DESIGN AND METHODS 218 patients with previously untreated HD entered this study : 106 patients in arm A ( ABVD/MOPP ) and 112 in arm B ( ABVD/OPP ) . Patients received eight courses of one of the two regimens after stratification according to the stage . Patients in complete remission ( CR ) received 20 Gy to the involved field and 40 Gy to the spleen . The actuarial survival curves were performed according to Kaplan and Meier . RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed between the two arms in terms of CR rate and toxicity . However , analysis of total relapses revealed that patients treated with ABVD/OPP had a significantly higher likelihood of achieving a second CR compared to patients who entered the ABVD/MOPP arm . INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Both schemes of chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy produce high percentages of CR , low risk of relapse and an acceptable toxicity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1332 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92517", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Combined modality therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92518", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ABVD/MOPP compared to ABVD/OPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92519", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "( ABVD/MOPP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 533 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92520", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ABVD/OPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92521", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92522", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "actuarial survival curves" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92523", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CR rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 952 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92524", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92525", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total relapses" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92526", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "second CR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1103, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92527", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CR" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 706 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92528", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "low risk of relapse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92529", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acceptable toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1311, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92530", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "218" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92531", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced stage Hodgkin 's disease ( HD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92532", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "early stage patients with systemic symptoms and/or bulky disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92533", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "218" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92534", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HD" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92535", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "106 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92536", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "arm A ( ABVD/MOPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92537", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "112" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92538", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "arm B ( ABVD/OPP ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92539", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ABVD/MOPP arm" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1163 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92541", "type": "document", "text": [ "The influence of sequential annual vaccination and of DHEA administration on the efficacy of the immune response to influenza vaccine in the elderly . The present study examined the effect of repeated vaccination and of dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA ) treatment on the immune response to influenza vaccine in elderly subjects . Seventy-one elderly volunteers , aged 61-89 years , enrolled in a prospective randomized , double-blind study to receive either DHEA ( 50 mg qd p.o . for 4 consecutive days starting 2 days before immunization ) or placebo . Antibody response against the three strains of vaccine was measured before and 28 days after vaccination , and compared between previously vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects . DHEA treatment did not enhance established immunity . A significant decrease in attainment of protective antibody titer ( titer of 1:40 or greater ) against A/Texas in subjects with non-protective baseline antibody titer was recorded following DHEA treatment compared to placebo ( 52 vs. 84 % , P < 0.05 ) . Post-immunization titers against influenza A strains were significantly higher in those subjects who were never immunized before . Additionally , post-vaccination protective titers against the A/Johannesburg strain were more prevalent in those subjects who were never vaccinated before . The results were not the same for anti-B/Harbin antibodies-repeated vaccination caused a non-significant increase in HI titer in previously vaccinated subjects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1489 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92542", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vaccination" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92543", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DHEA administration" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92544", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vaccination" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92545", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92546", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "influenza vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92547", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DHEA" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92548", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92549", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DHEA treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92550", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DHEA treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92551", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "established immunity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 785 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92552", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "protective antibody titer" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92553", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Post-immunization titers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92554", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "post-vaccination protective titers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92555", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "influenza vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92556", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "elderly" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92557", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "elderly" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92558", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Seventy-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92559", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "elderly" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92560", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "61-89 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92562", "type": "document", "text": [ "Aspartame : neuropsychologic and neurophysiologic evaluation of acute and chronic effects . BACKGROUND Neurobehavioral symptoms have been reported anecdotally with aspartame . OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine whether aspartame can disrupt cognitive , neurophysiologic , or behavioral functioning in normal individuals . DESIGN Forty-eight healthy volunteers completed a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study . The first month was aspartame free . Subjects then consumed sodas and capsules with placebo , aspartame , or sucrose for 20 d each . Order was randomized and subjects were assigned to either a high- ( 45 mg x kg body wt ( -1 ) x d ( -1 ) ) or low- ( 15 mg x kg body wt ( -1 ) x d ( -1 ) ) dose aspartame group . Neuropsychologic and laboratory testing was done on day 10 of each treatment period to determine possible acute effects and on day 20 for possible chronic effects . RESULTS Plasma phenylalanine concentrations increased significantly during aspartame treatment . Neuropsychologic results ; adverse experiences ; amino acid , insulin , and glucose values ; and electroencephalograms were compared by sex and by treatment . No significant differences were found for any dependent measure . CONCLUSION Large daily doses of aspartame had no effect on neuropsychologic , neurophysiologic , or behavioral functioning in healthy young adults ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1392 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92563", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aspartame" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92564", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspartame" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92565", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspartame" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92566", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92567", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspartame" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92568", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "sodas and capsules with placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92569", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspartame" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92570", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sucrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 561 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92571", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspartame" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92572", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspartame" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92573", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "behavioral functioning" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92574", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92575", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92576", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 1378, 1390 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92578", "type": "document", "text": [ "Behavioral changes in autistic individuals as a result of wearing ambient transitional prism lenses . A double-blind crossover design was used to assess the efficacy of wearing ambient lenses to reduce the behavioral symptoms of autism . Eighteen autistic individuals , ranging in age from 7 to 18 years , participated in the study . Behavior , attention , and orientation were evaluated at 1 1/2 months , 2 months , 3 months , and 4 months . Compared to the placebo condition , the results showed a decrease in behavior problems at the 1 1/2 and 2 month assessment periods and a slight loss of these benefits at the 3 and 4 month assessment periods . These findings support the prediction that ambient lenses , worn without engaging in visual-motor exercises , have positive effects on autistic individuals ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 809 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92579", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ambient transitional prism lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92580", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "wearing ambient lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92581", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92582", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ambient lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 177, 191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92583", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Behavioral changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92584", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Behavior , attention , and orientation" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92585", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "behavior problems" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 529 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92587", "type": "document", "text": [ "Conservative treatment of plantar fasciitis . A prospective study . A randomized , prospective study was conducted to compare the individual effectiveness of three types of conservative therapy in the treatment of plantar fasciitis . One hundred three subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment categories : anti-inflammatory , accommodative , or mechanical . Subjects were treated for 3 months , with follow-up visits at 2 , 4 , 6 , and 12 weeks . For the 85 patients who completed the study , a statistically significant difference was noted between groups , with mechanical treatment with taping and orthoses proving to be more effective than either anti-inflammatory or accommodative modalities ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 715 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92588", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Conservative treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92589", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "conservative therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92590", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "anti-inflammatory , accommodative , or mechanical ." ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92591", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "anti-inflammatory" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92592", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "accommodative modalities ." ], "offsets": [ [ 689, 715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92593", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "individual effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92594", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "plantar fasciitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92595", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred three" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92596", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "85" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 474 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92598", "type": "document", "text": [ "Memory monitoring by animals and humans . The authors asked whether animals and humans would use similarly an uncertain response to escape indeterminate memories . Monkeys and humans performed serial probe recognition tasks that produced differential memory difficulty across serial positions ( e.g. , primacy and recency effects ) . Participants were given an escape option that let them avoid any trials they wished and receive a hint to the trial 's answer . Across species , across tasks , and even across conspecifics with sharper or duller memories , monkeys and humans used the escape option selectively when more indeterminate memory traces were probed . Their pattern of escaping always mirrored the pattern of their primary memory performance across serial positions . Signal-detection analyses confirm the similarity of the animals ' and humans ' performances . Optimality analyses assess their efficiency . Several aspects of monkeys ' performance suggest the cognitive sophistication of their decisions to escape ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1027 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92599", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "serial probe recognition tasks" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92600", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Memory" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92601", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "response" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92602", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "used the escape option" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92603", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Signal-detection analyses" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92604", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Optimality analyses" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 892 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92605", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 906, 916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92606", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "animals and humans ." ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92608", "type": "document", "text": [ "Leptin levels in protracted critical illness : effects of growth hormone-secretagogues and thyrotropin-releasing hormone . Prolonged critical illness is characterized by feeding-resistant wasting of protein , whereas reesterification , instead of oxidation of fatty acids , allows fat stores to accrue and associate with a low-activity status of the somatotropic and thyrotropic axis , which seems to be partly of hypothalamic origin . To further unravel this paradoxical metabolic condition , and in search of potential therapeutic strategies , we measured serum concentrations of leptin ; studied the relationship with body mass index , insulin , cortisol , thyroid hormones , and somatomedins ; and documented the effects of hypothalamic releasing factors , in particular , GH-secretagogues and TRH . Twenty adults , critically ill for several weeks and supported with normocaloric , continuously administered parenteral and/or enteral feeding , were studied for 45 h. They had been randomized to receive one of three combinations of peptide infusions , in random order : TRH ( one day ) and placebo ( other day ) ; TRH + GH-releasing peptide ( GHRP ) -2 and GHRP-2 ; TRH + GHRH + GHRP-2 and GHRH + GHRP-2 . Peptide infusions were started after a 1-microgram/kg bolus at 0900 h and infused ( 1 microgram/kg.h ) until 0600 h the next morning . Serum concentrations of leptin , insulin , cortisol , T4 , T3 , insulin-like growth factor ( IGF ) -I , IGF-binding protein-3 and the acid-labile subunit ( ALS ) were measured at 0900 h , 2100 h , and 0600 h on each of the 2 study days . Baseline leptin levels ( mean +/- SEM : 12.4 +/- 2.1 micrograms/L ) were independent of body mass index ( 25 +/- 1 kg/m2 ) , insulin ( 18.6 +/- 2.9 microIU/mL ) , cortisol ( 504 +/- 43 mmol/L ) , and thyroid hormones ( T4 : 63 +/- 5 nmol/L , T3 : 0.72 +/- 0.08 nmol/L ) but correlated positively with circulating levels of IGF-I [ 86 +/- 6 micrograms/L , determination coefficient ( R2 ) = 0.25 ] and ALS ( 7.2 +/- 0.6 mg/L , R2 = 0.32 ) . Infusion of placebo or TRH had no effect on leptin . In contrast , GH-secretagogues elevated leptin levels within 12 h. Infusion of GHRP-2 alone induced a maximal leptin increase of +87 % after 24 h , whereas GHRH + GHRP-2 elevated leptin by up to +157 % after 24 h. The increase in leptin within 12 h was related ( R2 = 0.58 ) to the substantial rise in insulin . After 45 h , and having reached a plateau , leptin was related to the increased IGF-I ( R2 = 0.37 ) . In conclusion , circulating leptin levels during protracted critical illness were linked to the activity state of the GH/IGF-I axis . Stimulating the GH/IGF-I axis with GH-secretagogues increased leptin levels within 12 h. Because leptin may stimulate oxidation of fatty acids , and because GH , IGF-I , and insulin have a protein-sparing effect , GH-secretagogue administration may be expected to result in increased utilization of fat as preferential substrate and to restore protein content in vital tissues and , consequently , has potential as a strategy to reverse the paradoxical metabolic condition of protracted critical illness ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3130 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92609", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "growth hormone-secretagogues" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92610", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thyrotropin-releasing hormone ." ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92611", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TRH" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92612", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "( one day )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1090 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92613", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92614", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92615", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TRH" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92616", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GH-secretagogue" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92617", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum concentrations of leptin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1346, 1376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92618", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92619", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 657 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92620", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "T4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "T3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1407 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92622", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "insulin-like growth factor ( IGF ) -I" ], "offsets": [ [ 1410, 1447 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92623", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IGF-binding protein-3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92624", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acid-labile subunit ( ALS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1480, 1507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92625", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Baseline leptin levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1584, 1606 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92626", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leptin" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92627", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leptin levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1593, 1606 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92628", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximal leptin increase" ], "offsets": [ [ 2179, 2202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92629", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leptin" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92630", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leptin within 12" ], "offsets": [ [ 2307, 2323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92631", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leptin" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92632", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased IGF-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 2459, 2474 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92633", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "circulating leptin levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 2507, 2532 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92634", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leptin levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1593, 1606 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92636", "type": "document", "text": [ "Braced for impact : reducing military paratroopers ' ankle sprains using outside-the-boot braces . BACKGROUND Ankle injuries account for 30 to 60 % of all parachuting injuries . This study was designed to determine if outside-the-boot ankle braces could reduce ankle sprains during Army paratrooper training . METHODS The randomized trial involved 777 volunteers from the U.S. Army Airborne School , Fort Benning , Ga. Of this group , 745 completed all study requirements ( 369 brace-wearers and 376 non-brace-wearers ) . Each volunteer made five parachute jumps , for a total of 3,674 jumps . RESULTS The incidence of inversion ankle sprains was 1.9 % in non-brace-wearers and 0.3 % in brace-wearers ( risk ratio , 6.9 ; p = 0.04 ) . Other injuries appeared unaffected by the brace . Overall , 5.3 % of the non-brace group and 4.6 % of the brace group experienced at least one injury . The risk ratio for injured individuals was 1.2:1 ( non-brace to brace groups ; p = 0.65 ) . CONCLUSION Inversion ankle sprains during parachute training can be significantly reduced by using an outside-the-boot ankle brace , with no increase in risk for other injuries ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1157 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92637", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "outside-the-boot braces" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92638", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "brace-wearers" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92639", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "non-brace-wearers )" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92640", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of inversion ankle sprains" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92641", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "risk ratio for injured individuals" ], "offsets": [ [ 891, 925 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92642", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Inversion ankle sprains" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92643", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "paratroopers" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92644", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "777" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92645", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "745" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92646", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "369 brace-wearers" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92647", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "376 non-brace-wearers" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92649", "type": "document", "text": [ "Atrioventricular conduction during long-term follow-up of patients with sick sinus syndrome . BACKGROUND It has been claimed that patients with sick sinus syndrome have an increased risk of developing AV block , but this has never been assessed prospectively . The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a prospective trial AV conduction during the long-term follow-up of patients with sick sinus syndrome . METHODS Two hundred twenty-five consecutive patients with sick sinus syndrome and intact AV conduction were randomized to undergo single-chamber atrial pacing ( 110 patients ) or single-chamber ventricular pacing ( 115 patients ) . Follow-up after 3 months and then yearly included measurement of the PQ interval and , in patients with atrial pacemakers , determination of the atrial stimulus-Q intervals at pacing rates of 100 and 120 bpm . The occurrence of AV block in the atrial group was recorded . During follow-up ( mean , 5.5+/-2.4 years ) , there was no change in PQ interval in either group and no change in atrial stimulus-Q intervals or Wenckebach block point in the atrial group . Four of 110 patients in the atrial group developed grade 2 to 3 AV block that required upgrading of the pacemaker ( 0.6 % per year ) . Two of these 4 patients had right bundle-branch block at pacemaker implantation . CONCLUSIONS AV conduction , estimated as PQ interval and atrial stimulus-Q interval at atrial pacing rates of 100 and 120 bpm and the Wenckebach block point , remains stable during long-term follow-up . Thus , treatment with single-chamber atrial pacing is safe and can be recommended to patients with sick sinus syndrome without bundle-branch block ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1675 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92650", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "single-chamber atrial pacing" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 571 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92651", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "single-chamber ventricular pacing" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92652", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "single-chamber atrial pacing" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 571 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92653", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk of developing AV block" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92654", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PQ interval" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92655", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "atrial stimulus-Q intervals at pacing rates of 100 and 120 bpm" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92656", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "occurrence of AV block" ], "offsets": [ [ 859, 881 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92657", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PQ interval" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92658", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "atrial stimulus-Q intervals" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92659", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Wenckebach block point" ], "offsets": [ [ 1062, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92660", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "grade 2 to 3 AV block" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92661", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "right bundle-branch block" ], "offsets": [ [ 1270, 1295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92662", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PQ interval" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92663", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "atrial stimulus-Q interval" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 816 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92664", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 1581, 1585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92665", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sick sinus syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92666", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sick sinus syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92667", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sick sinus syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92668", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Two hundred twenty-five" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92669", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sick sinus syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92670", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sick sinus syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92672", "type": "document", "text": [ "Compliance with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate : a randomized , controlled trial of intensive reminders . We enrolled women in a prospective , randomized study to determine whether an intensive reminder system would improve compliance in women receiving depot medroxyprogesterone injections . Women selecting this treatment were assigned to a group that received both mail and telephone reminders or to a second group that received only a scheduled appointment at the time of the previous injection . The rate of continuation and the rate of on-time injections did not differ between groups . Women who had prolonged bleeding were more likely to discontinue depot medroxyprogesterone injections ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 699 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92673", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "depot medroxyprogesterone acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92674", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "depot medroxyprogesterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92675", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "mail and telephone reminders" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92676", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "scheduled appointment" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92677", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rate of continuation" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92678", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rate of on-time injections" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92679", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prolonged bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 610, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92680", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92681", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "depot medroxyprogesterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92683", "type": "document", "text": [ "Epileptogenic activity of folic acid after drug induces SLE ( folic acid and epilepsy ) OBJECTIVE To study the effect of folic acid-containing multivitamin supplementation in epileptic women before and during pregnancy in order to determine the rate of structural birth defects and epilepsy-related side effects . STUDY DESIGN First a randomised trial , later periconception care including in total 12225 females . RESULTS Of 60 epileptic women with periconceptional folic acid ( 0.8 mg ) -containing multivitamin supplementation , no one developed epilepsy-related side effects during the periconception period . One epileptic woman delivered a newborn with cleft lip and palate . Another patient exhibited with a cluster of seizures after the periconception period using another multivitamin . This 22-year-old epileptic woman was treated continuously by carbamazepine and a folic acid ( 1 mg ) -containing multivitamin from the 20th week of gestation . She developed status epilepticus and later symptoms of systemic lupus erythematodes . Her pregnancy ended with stillbirth . CONCLUSIONS The epileptic pregnant patient 's autoimmune disease ( probably drug-induced lupus ) could damage the blood-brain barrier , therefore the therapeutic dose ( > or =1 mg ) of folic acid triggered a cluster of seizures . Physiological dose ( < 1 mg ) of folic acid both in healthy and 60 epileptic women , all without any autoimmune disease , did not increase the risk for epileptic seizures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1482 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92684", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "folic acid-containing multivitamin supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92685", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "periconceptional folic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92686", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "-containing multivitamin supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92687", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carbamazepine and a folic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 887 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92688", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "-containing multivitamin" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92689", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cluster of seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92690", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "status epilepticus" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 988 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92691", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "symptoms of systemic lupus erythematodes" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92692", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "stillbirth" ], "offsets": [ [ 1067, 1077 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92693", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cluster of seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92694", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk for epileptic seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1453, 1480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92695", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "epileptic women before and during pregnancy" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92697", "type": "document", "text": [ "Oxidative DNA damage measured in human lymphocytes : large differences between sexes and between countries , and correlations with heart disease mortality rates . The 'antioxidant hypothesis ' proposes that vitamin C , vitamin E , carotenoids , and other antioxidants occurring in fruit and vegetables afford protection against heart disease and cancer by preventing oxidative damage to lipids and to DNA , respectively . To test elements of this hypothesis , we have measured blood levels of dietary antioxidants , and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine ( 8-oxo-dG ) concentrations in lymphocyte DNA , in healthy men and women from five European countries : France , Ireland , The Netherlands , Spain , and the U.K . Volunteers , aged 25 45 , all nonsmokers , gave blood samples before and after a 12-wk carotenoid supplementation regime . Vitamin C was measured in plasma and vitamin E and carotenoids were measured in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) . 8-oxo-dG was assayed by HPLC ( with coulometric detection ) in DNA isolated from lymphocytes from the same blood samples . Mean values were calculated for groups of volunteers at each sampling time according to country , sex , and supplementation ( between 9 and 24 individual samples contributing to each mean ) . We found that 8-oxo-dG levels in lymphocyte DNA vary significantly according to sex and country . A low mean 8-oxo-dG concentration is seen in DNA of women from all five countries , and of men from France and Spain . 8-oxo-dG is significantly higher ( up to about threefold ) in lymphocyte DNA from men in Ireland and the U.K. Oxidative DNA damage is not significantly affected by carotenoid supplementation ; nor is there any association with mean baseline levels of antioxidants , which are generally similar in the five countries . The five countries sampled lie on an axis from northern to southern Europe with a steep gradient in terms of premature heart disease . There is a strong association between premature coronary heart disease mortality in men and the mean levels of 8-oxo-dG for the five countries ( r = 0.95 , P < 0.01 ) . Women have low coronary heart disease mortality rates , which do not correlate with 8-oxo-dG . In terms of cancer deaths , only colorectal cancer in men shows a significant positive correlation ( r = 0.91 , P < 0.05 ) , and stomach cancer in women is negatively correlated with DNA oxidation ( r = -0.92 , P = 0.01 ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2437 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92698", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin C , vitamin E , carotenoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92699", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antioxidants" ], "offsets": [ [ 255, 267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92700", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "8-oxodeoxyguanosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92701", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lymphocyte DNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92702", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "12-wk carotenoid supplementation regime" ], "offsets": [ [ 784, 823 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92703", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "liquid chromatography" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 953 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92704", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "8-oxo-dG levels in lymphocyte DNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1294, 1327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92705", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean 8-oxo-dG concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92706", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "8-oxo-dG" ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92707", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Oxidative DNA damage" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92708", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean baseline levels of antioxidants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1724, 1760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92709", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "premature coronary heart disease mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1988, 2030 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92710", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "coronary heart disease mortality rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 2134, 2172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92711", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significant positive correlation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2280, 2312 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92712", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stomach cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 2343, 2357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92713", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92714", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92715", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "25 45" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92717", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy of dose-intensified MEC ( methotrexate , epirubicin and cisplatin ) chemotherapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma : a prospective randomized trial comparing MEC and M-VAC ( methotrexate , vinblastine , doxorubicin and cisplatin ) . Japanese Urothelial Cancer Research Group . BACKGROUND To evaluate the antitumor activity in patients with T3b , T4 or metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with MEC or M-VAC chemotherapy , by performing a multi-center randomized prospective study . METHODS From 1991 to 1995 , 89 patients with T3b , T4 or metastatic urothelial carcinoma were randomly allocated to a methotrexate , epirubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy group ( arm 1 : S-MEC therapy ; n = 29 ) , a dose-intensified MEC therapy combined with G-CSF group ( arm 2 : I-MEC therapy ; n = 30 ) or a methotrexate , vinblastine , doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy ( arm 3 : M-VAC therapy ; n = 30 ) . At the registration center , the patients were stratified into previously untreated patients and patients with recurrence after radical operation and then randomly allocated to the treatment groups . In each arm , two or more courses of chemotherapy ( 4-week cycles ) were performed . RESULTS Of the 88 eligible patients , four treated with S-MEC therapy and two treated with I-MEC therapy showed CR . The response rates ( CR + PR ) were 52 % ( 15/29 ) with S-MEC therapy , 76 % ( 22/29 ) with I-MEC therapy and 47 % ( 14/30 ) with M-VAC therapy . The response rate with I-MEC therapy was significantly higher than that with M-VAC therapy ( P = 0.02 ) . Although the incidence of leukopenia was low with I-MEC therapy , the incidence of thrombocytopenia was high with this therapy . CONCLUSION MEC therapy used in this study is promising in terms of the antitumor effects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1783 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92718", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MEC" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92719", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92720", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epirubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92721", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92722", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MEC" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92723", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "M-VAC" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92724", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92725", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vinblastine" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92726", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92727", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92728", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MEC" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92729", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "M-VAC" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92730", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92731", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epirubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92732", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92733", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MEC therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 683, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92734", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "G-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92735", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92736", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vinblastine" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92737", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92738", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92739", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "M-VAC therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 896 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "S-MEC therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92741", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "I-MEC" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 780 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "S-MEC therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "I-MEC" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 780 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92744", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "M-VAC" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92745", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "I-MEC" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 780 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92746", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "M-VAC" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92747", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "I-MEC" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 780 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92748", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MEC therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 683, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92749", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92750", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "antitumor activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92751", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1316, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92752", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response rate with I-MEC therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1462, 1494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92753", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "I-MEC therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92754", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thrombocytopenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1647, 1663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92755", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "antitumor effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1764, 1781 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92756", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced urothelial carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92757", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Urothelial Cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92758", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "T3b , T4 or metastatic urothelial carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 392 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92759", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "89" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92760", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "T3b , T4 or metastatic urothelial carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 392 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92762", "type": "document", "text": [ "Involvement of cholecystokininA receptors in transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations triggered by gastric distension . OBJECTIVE Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations ( TLESRs ) are the main mechanism underlying gastroesophageal reflux . In the present study we evaluated the effect of loxiglumide , a specific cholecystokininA ( CCKA ) -receptor antagonist , on the occurrence of TLESRs evoked by gastric distension . METHODS Eight healthy subjects underwent esophageal manometry using a 10-lumen sleeve assembly during placebo or loxiglumide ( 10 mg/kg/h ) in a randomized double-blind order . Gastric distension was induced by inflation of 400 ml of air . RESULTS Basal lower esophageal pressure ( LESP ) and swallow-induced relaxation were not affected by loxiglumide . Loxiglumide significantly reduced the number of TLESRs , from 11.5 ( 5.8-18.3 ) to 6.0 ( 3.3-14.3 ) during the total recording period of 1 h , and from 5.5 ( 4.25-7.5 ) to 2.0 ( 0.5-6.8 ) during the first 15 min . The number of common cavities was significantly decreased by loxiglumide , from 8.0 ( 4.0-20.0 ) to 5.0 ( 2.0-7.8 ) . TLESRs represented the main mechanism ( 60 % during placebo , 74 % during loxiglumide ) underlying common cavities , followed by swallow-induced relaxation . CONCLUSIONS Loxiglumide significantly reduces the number of TLESRs triggered by gastric distension without interfering with swallow-related relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter , suggesting the involvement of CCKA receptors in the reflex pathway mediating TLESRs ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1556 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92763", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "10-lumen sleeve assembly during placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92764", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "loxiglumide" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92765", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations ( TLESRs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92766", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Basal lower esophageal pressure ( LESP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92767", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "swallow-induced relaxation" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92768", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TLESRs" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92769", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of common cavities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1012, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92770", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TLESRs" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92771", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TLESRs" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92772", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92773", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy subjects underwent esophageal manometry using a 10-lumen sleeve assembly during placebo or loxiglumide ( 10 mg/kg/h ) in" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92775", "type": "document", "text": [ "Functional modification of agonist-antagonist electromyographic activity for rapid movement inhibition . Subjects made a fast elbow extension movement to designated target in response to a go signal . In 45 % of trials a stop signal was presented after the go signal , to which subjects were asked to stop the movement as rapidly as possible . The interstimulus interval ( ISI ) , or time interval between the go and stop signals , was randomly varied between 0 and 200 ms. Electromyographic ( EMG ) activity was recorded from biceps brachii and triceps brachii . Subjects could sometimes completely inhibit initiation of the movements when the ISI was 0 ms , but could rarely do so when the ISI exceeded 100 ms. For responses that were initiated but stopped on the way , the amplitude of the movement decreased linearly as the time interval ( =modification time ) from the stop signal to EMG onset increased . The peak velocity increased linearly as the movement amplitude increased . This tendency was similar to those previously reported in step-tracking movements with various amplitudes . In spite of the similarity in the kinematics of the movement , the EMG pattern was different from that of step-tracking movement . While the initial agonist burst ( AG1 ) decreased linearly after the modification time exceeded 100 ms , the antagonist burst ( ANT ) increased compared with the go trial for the modification time from 0 to 200 ms and decreased after the modification time exceeded 300 ms . This change of activation is analogous to functional modification of middle-latency reflex EMG response to load , or cutaneous perturbation . In conclusion , it is suggested that adaptive mechanisms , which would functionally modify the reflex responses , are also continuously working during voluntary movements in response to sudden changes in environmental information ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1872 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92776", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "go signal" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92777", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "interstimulus interval ( ISI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92778", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "time interval between the go and stop signals" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92779", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Electromyographic ( EMG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92780", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Electromyographic ( EMG ) activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92781", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "amplitude of the movement" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92782", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "peak velocity" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92783", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "EMG pattern" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92784", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "step-tracking movement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1066 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92785", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "initial agonist burst ( AG1 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1235, 1264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92786", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antagonist burst ( ANT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1334, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92787", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "EMG response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1590, 1602 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92788", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "modification of agonist-antagonist electromyographic activity for rapid movement inhibition" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92789", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Subjects made a fast elbow extension movement to designated target in response to a go signal" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92791", "type": "document", "text": [ "Evaluation of the safety , immunogenicity , and pharmacokinetic profile of a new , highly purified , heat-treated equine rabies immunoglobulin , administered either alone or in association with a purified , Vero-cell rabies vaccine . A clinical evaluation of a new , purified , heat-treated equine rabies immunoglobulin ( PHT-Erig ) , F ( ab ' ) 2 preparation , was carried out in Thailand and in the Philippines-two countries where rabies is endemic . An initial prospective , randomised , controlled trial ( Study 1 ) , compared the safety and pharmacokinetics ( serum concentrations of rabies antibodies ) after administration either of PHT-Erig or of a commercially-available , equine rabies immune globulin ( Erig PMC ) . A second trial ( Study 2 ) simulated post-exposure rabies prophylaxis by using a reference cell culture vaccine , the purified Vero-cell rabies vaccine ( PVRV ) , administered in association with either Erig PMC or PHT-Erig . In Study 1 , 27 healthy , Thai adults received a 40 IU kg ( -1 ) dose of either Erig PMC ( n = 12 ) or PHT-Erig ( n = 15 ) via the intramuscular ( i.m . ) route ; half of the dose was injected into the deltoid area and the other half into the buttocks . Serum for rabies antibody determination and F ( ab ' ) 2 concentration was collected at hours ( H ) 0 , 6 and 12 , and on day ( D ) 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 and 15 . Both products were safe , with no serious adverse events , and in particular , no anaphylactic reactions or serum sickness was reported . A statistical comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters did not demonstrate bioequivalence of the two products . Nonetheless , the relative bioavailability of 93 % and the similar absorption rates suggest the pharmacokinetic profiles of Erig and PHT-Erig are similar . The antibody level in either group were low throughout the 15-day study period . The geometric mean titer ( GMT ) values ranged from group 0.027-0.117 IU ml ( -1 ) in the Erig group and from 0.029 to 0.072 IU ml ( -1 ) in the PHT-Erig . There was no significant difference between the evolution of GMT values for the two groups . In Study 2 , 71 healthy volunteers received 40 IU kg ( -1 ) via the intramuscular route of either Erig PMC ( n = 36 ) or PHT-Erig ( n = 35 ) on D0 , in association with five doses of PVRV on D0 , D3 , D7 , D14 and D28 . The safety evaluation was performed during the 28-day follow-up and serum samples for anti-rabies antibody titration were collected on D0 ( before injection ) D3 , D7 , D14 and D28 . No serious reactions were reported in either group . In particular , no immediate ( anaphylactic type ) or delayed ( serum sickness ) allergic reactions were observed . Over the 28-day follow-up period , GMT profiles of the two groups were statistically equivalent . On D14 , 100 % of the subjects had protective antibody titers ( anti-rabies antibodies > or = 0.5 IU ml ( -1 ) , which is the WHO-recommended level of seroconversion ) , and Erig PMC and PHT-Erig were indistinguishable according to the clinical definition chosen . On D28 , the GMT values were 33.2 IU ml ( -1 ) ( 95 % CI , 23.8-46.1 IU ml ( -1 ) ) in the Erig PMC/PVRV group and 31.4 IU ml ( -1 ) ( 95 % confidence interval , CI , 23.4-42.2 IU ml ( -1 ) ) in the PHT-Erig/PVRV group , showing evidence of adequate vaccine-induced antibody responses in both groups . The increased purity , the heat-treatment step introduced in the manufacturing process of PHT-Erig , and the good clinical results substantiate the use of this new generation , purified equine F ( ab ' ) 2 preparation in the post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3615 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92792", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "highly purified , heat-treated equine rabies immunoglobulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92793", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Vero-cell rabies vaccine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92794", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "purified , heat-treated equine rabies immunoglobulin ( PHT-Erig )" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92795", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "F ( ab ' ) 2 preparation" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92796", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PHT-Erig" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92797", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "equine rabies immune globulin ( Erig PMC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92798", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "purified Vero-cell rabies vaccine ( PVRV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 887 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92799", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Erig PMC" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92800", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PHT-Erig" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92801", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Erig PMC" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92802", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PHT-Erig" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92803", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92804", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "immunogenicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92805", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pharmacokinetic profile" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92806", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92807", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "pharmacokinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92808", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "serum concentrations of rabies antibodies" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 606 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92809", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pharmacokinetic parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1546, 1572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92810", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "relative bioavailability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1648, 1672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92811", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "absorption rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1697, 1713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92812", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antibody level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1790, 1804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92813", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "geometric mean titer ( GMT ) values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1871, 1906 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92814", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "evolution of GMT values" ], "offsets": [ [ 2071, 2094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92815", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety evaluation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2340, 2357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92816", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "serum samples for anti-rabies antibody titration" ], "offsets": [ [ 2404, 2452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92817", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "serious reactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 2522, 2539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92818", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "immediate ( anaphylactic type ) or delayed ( serum sickness ) allergic reactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 2591, 2671 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92819", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GMT profiles" ], "offsets": [ [ 2723, 2735 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92820", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "protective antibody titers" ], "offsets": [ [ 2821, 2847 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92821", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GMT values" ], "offsets": [ [ 2084, 2094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92822", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "antibody responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 3317, 3335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92823", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "27" ], "offsets": [ [ 966, 968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92824", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 984, 990 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92825", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "71" ], "offsets": [ [ 2129, 2131 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92827", "type": "document", "text": [ "Preventing disability and managing chronic illness in frail older adults : a randomized trial of a community-based partnership with primary care . BACKGROUND Effective new strategies that complement primary care are needed to reduce disability risks and improve self-management of chronic illness in frail older people living in the community . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a 1-year , senior center-based chronic illness self-management and disability prevention program on health , functioning , and healthcare utilization in frail older adults . DESIGN A randomized controlled trial . SETTING A large senior center located in a northeast Seattle suburb . The trial was conducted in collaboration with primary care providers of two large managed care organizations . PARTICIPANTS A total of 201 chronically ill older adults seniors aged 70 and older recruited through medical practices . INTERVENTION A targeted , multi-component disability prevention and disease self-management program led by a geriatric nurse practitioner ( GNP ) . MEASUREMENTS Self-reported Physical function , physical performance tests , health care utilization , and health behaviors . RESULTS Each of 101 intervention participants met with the GNP from 1 to 8 times ( median = 3 ) during the study year . The intervention group showed less decline in function , as measured by disability days and lower scores on the Health Assessment Questionnaire . Other measures of function , including the SF-36 and a battery of physical performance tests , did not change with the intervention . The number of hospitalized participants increased by 69 % among the controls and decreased by 38 % in the intervention group ( P = .083 ) . The total number of inpatient hospital days during the study year was significantly less in the intervention group compared with controls ( total days = 33 vs 116 , P = .049 ) . The intervention led to significantly higher levels of physical activity and senior center participation and significant reductions in the use of psychoactive medications . CONCLUSIONS This project provides evidence that a community-based collaboration with primary care providers can improve function and reduce inpatient utilization in chronically ill older adults . Linking organized medical care with complementary community-based interventions may be a promising direction for research and practice ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2392 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92828", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "A targeted , multi-component" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 937 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92829", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "disability prevention and disease self-management program" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 995 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92830", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "led by a geriatric nurse practitioner ( GNP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92831", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disability" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92832", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "managing chronic illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92833", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "improve self-management" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92834", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chronic illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92835", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chronic illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92836", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "self-management" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92837", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "disability prevention program on health" ], "offsets": [ [ 448, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92838", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "functioning" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92839", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "healthcare utilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92840", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Self-reported Physical function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1057, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92841", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "physical performance tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 1091, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92842", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "health care utilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1120, 1143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92843", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "health behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92844", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "less decline in" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92845", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "function" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 498 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92846", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "disability days" ], "offsets": [ [ 1361, 1376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92847", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "lower scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1381, 1393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92848", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Health Assessment Questionnaire" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92849", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SF-36" ], "offsets": [ [ 1478, 1483 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92850", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of hospitalized participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1573, 1608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92851", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total number of inpatient hospital days" ], "offsets": [ [ 1713, 1752 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92852", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "physical activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1942, 1959 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92853", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "senior center participation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1964, 1991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92854", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "use of psychoactive medications" ], "offsets": [ [ 2026, 2057 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92855", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "function" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 498 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92856", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "inpatient utilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 2200, 2221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92857", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "frail" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92858", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "older adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92859", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "frail" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92860", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "older people" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92861", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "201" ], "offsets": [ [ 799, 802 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92862", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "70 and older" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92863", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "101" ], "offsets": [ [ 1185, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92864", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronically ill" ], "offsets": [ [ 803, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92865", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "older adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92867", "type": "document", "text": [ "Acute effects of caffeine ingestion on signal-averaged electrocardiograms . BACKGROUND Although moderate caffeine ingestion has not been shown to be arrhythmogenic , caffeine toxicity can cause severe cardiac arrhythmias , including atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia . Atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia have been associated with prolongation of P-wave and QRS complex durations on signal-averaged electrocardiograms . This study investigated acute effects of caffeine ingestion on signal-averaged P-wave and QRS complexes . METHODS AND RESULTS Signal-averaged electrocardiograms were obtained from 12 normal subjects ( 6 men , 6 women ; ages 21 to 26 years ) before and after ingestion of caffeine ( 5 mg/kg body weight ) or placebo in a randomized , double-blind , crossover fashion . Electrocardiograms for signal averaging were recorded from electrodes left in a constant location . After bandpass filtering ( 30 to 300 Hz ) and amplification , signals were sampled over 7.2 minutes at 2000 Hz . Signal-averaged P-wave and QRS complex durations did not significantly change after placebo ingestion . After caffeine ingestion QRS duration prolonged in 9 of 11 subjects at 90 minutes ( mean +/- SEM = 0.8+/-0.3 ms , P < .02 ) and in 8 of 9 after 3 hours ( 1.1+/-0.2 ms , P < .001 ) . No significant change in P-wave duration or heart rate was found after caffeine ingestion at any test interval . Average caffeine level in saliva 90 minutes after ingestion was 6.6+/-1.6 ( SD ) microg/dL . CONCLUSIONS Although probably not arrhythmogenic in normal subjects , moderate caffeine ingestion does produce a small but statistically significant prolongation of signal-averaged QRS complexes . Further prolongation caused by excessive caffeine intake may be a factor in the genesis of arrhythmias associated with caffeine toxicity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1854 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92868", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "caffeine ingestion" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92869", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92870", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92871", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "signal-averaged electrocardiograms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92872", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prolongation of P-wave and QRS complex durations on signal-averaged electrocardiograms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92873", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "signal-averaged P-wave" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92874", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Signal-averaged P-wave and QRS complex durations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1027, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92875", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "P-wave duration or heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1338, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92876", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Average caffeine level in saliva" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1458 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "92878", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in healthy volunteers : an update ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92879", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefuroxime" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92880", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "healthy volunteers :" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92881", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy volunteers :" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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