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| question
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sequence | metadata
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
63881196ee796ecc1cfef97858abb44cf3445962 | Catalan_language | Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary. | What are eastern Catalan and western Catalan? | {
"text": [
"two major dialectal blocks"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3e698000ca1ec8a0ce427867b2b8b4e445f257fa | Catalan_language | Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary. | How is the parent divided? | {
"text": [
"Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bbc69545cc36c0bdeed333c1602c173e509c1783 | Catalan_language | Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary. | What is /a/ and /e/? | {
"text": [
"the treatment of unstressed a and e"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4b6c50f2c763e27dc146b78be3ce278c8cfac4b2 | Catalan_language | Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary. | How does it differ in its sister language? | {
"text": [
"remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cbee61d3b47d1c30bfaf3e66681bbcff31a125fb | Catalan_language | Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary. | What is a difference in the region? | {
"text": [
"Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d05f33e28d584b61ee3fb962a867df36da1851c2 | Catalan_language | Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary. | How are a and e treated in the West? | {
"text": [
"distinct as /a/ and /e/"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f58bc0daa8a51a85e2de0145013063ce269cd347 | Catalan_language | By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988. | Muslims to the south and west were supplanted by who? | {
"text": [
"Catalan"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
296bc51131dc3fc6bcc8fef56f6267e7d7c09ef8 | Catalan_language | By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988. | What century was from the period of 801 till the year 900? | {
"text": [
"9th"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
07ba8a2dad928ef2e57b1b78051ecba38ff43cea | Catalan_language | By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988. | The year 988 is a part of what century? | {
"text": [
"8th"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
75fe73f08f0681e335fddd0910cdfc64f629cfda | Catalan_language | By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988. | What gave momentum to the Catalans moving into Muslim territories? | {
"text": [
"the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fbc4aa813f09309e2d4f042484f76c30489ca742 | Catalan_language | By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988. | The English word for common in Ancient Rome was translated to? | {
"text": [
"Vulgar"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4ff5e310020118ff8cd04855d44dc35200295c98 | Catalan_language | By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988. | A historical title of nobility in certain European countries, from the related term of county is called? | {
"text": [
"counts"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7b0f8650d3907bde3849d5c731c62dfbb7ab7f10 | Catalan_language | By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988. | What Latin word means an assualt, or a rushing upon? | {
"text": [
"impetus"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
17c1a7edb90e1bdc8405d422153e322ec3ae73ee | Catalan_language | By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988. | Under whose control was the area south of the Pyrenees in which Catalan was spoken? | {
"text": [
"Roman"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ecbd66fe4fe3651801c4846a6a8d8ef108ce45b7 | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | São Tomé and Príncipe has which official language? | {
"text": [
"Portuguese"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ea10ddb25772766ace18f64e58c3de9b6c463088 | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | Who were first mentioned type of people? | {
"text": [
"Roman Tarraconensis"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9479b4d483b0270b566aa3cc6f21e5d8e5e87732 | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | A genre of books that involve relationships and the pursuit of love is called? | {
"text": [
"Romance"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f5c776e2d3898d0fee4c036178278cefe66d6fa5 | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | who was the second of the groups mentioned with similarites? | {
"text": [
"Asturian"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f92a90006b03405117a02a17a722435b28a99dd4 | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | The term used to denote what is seen on the side by the eye when looking straight ahead is? | {
"text": [
"peripheral"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9764296ccea388dc35f5c0bd17afe26be96e4427 | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | Which of the following is not a feature of a language: vocabulary, evidence or phonology? | {
"text": [
"evidence"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
91c4d9475995724b396a71281afc4fcfce3d4287 | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | Who was the first of the groups of people mentioned with similarities? | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d3d5a8192244fa7650cd39bcdb435ee39013521e | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | The act of raising a liquid's temperatures to a point where it bubbles and turns to vapor/gas is called? | {
"text": [
"boil"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
50db838cb2a8db8ff9b1d8d4efa912b8feb9ac88 | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | The official language of all of Spain is? | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6e56b31bf572bce8dc2e1421d3de56dedb092359 | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | Which of the following is least closely related to the others: Spanish, Occitan or Catalan? | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1671f78bd95e9c70f9b18281ded6c2f619d3aaf0 | Catalan_language | There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan. | Which of the following is a language: Spanish, Western or Romance? | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d9c854fecc52d76099e0a47d64205d824184f649 | Catalan_language | According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. | Which language ranks fourth among the Romance languages that compare to Catalan? | {
"text": [
"Ladin"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ed9dc536e56b63590bbfc1d4ed66f16670de2746 | Catalan_language | According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. | Which language overlaps Catalan the least, Spanish or Ladin? | {
"text": [
"Ladin"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3fc821c443c70530d72d645f7e8b7beacec6a0fa | Catalan_language | According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. | Which language has the second highest lexical similarity to Catalan? | {
"text": [
"Portuguese"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
599c84b8d4e48e8cb3a6361b9c979396ea4ba937 | Catalan_language | According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. | Which language has the least lexical similarity to Catalan? | {
"text": [
"Romanian"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
931e8f60a275a1da8050417b0b1d1e69dac0d115 | Catalan_language | According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. | Catalan is grouped into the? | {
"text": [
"Romance languages"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
394715eb28b598e51db5d9e81f96eca5621b0d1e | Catalan_language | According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. | Sardinian is a? | {
"text": [
"Romance languages"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
822d1b741e64b8b35ef21d5c64c50411c544fe16 | Catalan_language | According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. | Portuguese is a? | {
"text": [
"Romance languages"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
573059c00d127d6b410ad4480407fabe29107582 | Catalan_language | According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. | Is Catalan more like Spanish or Sardinian? | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
47af245886b90c51b4440b3fef392a5680e4a0b4 | Catalan_language | According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. | Which has a higher percentage of lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages, Spanish or Italian? | {
"text": [
"Italian"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
962d420b5a0d8e1fbadd2a57b0990e2c5dde4549 | Catalan_language | According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian. | Is Catalan more like Romanian or Sardinian? | {
"text": [
"75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
df14414615ccad43ffebd42497163bf4226a7635 | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | What letters in a word are difficult to hear when spoken due to being masked by louder syllables or letters? | {
"text": [
"unstressed"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ace1174f2e2f2a854d4326d11dce2337f6d87082 | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | A speech sound which is produced by the opening of the vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction is called? | {
"text": [
"vowels"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c743a6c6e2b656733ee2844ece0141be45a3f709 | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | Five vowels are commonly cited including a,e,i,o, and what final letter? | {
"text": [
"u"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
62b695de86a4016094d58cbfbdc7ad0c6f7963cd | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | What is the last example of vowels? | {
"text": [
"[ə] to [a]"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ad7d2156ad1cf01b99a4a56d3e38c28026a63b30 | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | a and e are types of? | {
"text": [
"vowels"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fecc9a0d4865b1effdbe13375a8b82297a55cc43 | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | The main language spoken on the largest island in the Balearic Islands is? | {
"text": [
"Catalan"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
41c4f2e5269f74358b11d8b678f9fb08c5306b45 | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | This language type excludes? | {
"text": [
"Majorcan"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d8e898a1216d4e40d490cb1b11f48190e1d38e5b | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | Where do vowels occur? | {
"text": [
"words"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0d558d723f7a7b490b280932f2f95b75431b4316 | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | What language, not dialect is spoken in the town Alghero? | {
"text": [
"Catalan"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
33f3361ee0b5cfa49bfb811d020326d4f2c489fa | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | Which is the last language mentioned in the paragraph? | {
"text": [
"Alguerese"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c7b1b5dbd1cc4801664ac6d9322a5916099c71ac | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | U is a type of? | {
"text": [
"vowels"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
314dcfd05cdf90a24f81fd919d97a543c7cd8594 | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | What are the elements that are called unstressed in some instances and unreduced in other instances? | {
"text": [
"vowels"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
eec5ed58da11f0761452928a888ecda3f3021530 | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | The Majorcan is an exception to what? | {
"text": [
"In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e162e4aa5fe08f770e3ccacb9fcf2841cae61f6e | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | Which letter is mentioned by itself in both Eastern Catalan and Alguerese? | {
"text": [
"[ə]"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8ce9463205cfc2e38f775b23fd6ab9221c5159fe | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | The vowels at first are described how? | {
"text": [
"unstressed vowels reduce to three"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e5ebe5164874cb7f4a5c9f485660ce63ff4447a3 | Catalan_language | In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]. | Which is the last vowel mentioned in this paragraph? | {
"text": [
"[a]"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
87aa3364b77731807ccf04121aee7b9e0b08d1cd | Catalan_language | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. | What year came after 1981? | {
"text": [
"1982"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8e2e4d57ef2641cb96aad0e606af370f661322dc | Catalan_language | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. | What language is not mandatory? | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5d6519a5aa5ef844cc35c8ba6a24615763ee4783 | Catalan_language | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. | What means side-by-side? | {
"text": [
"parallel"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cf1099a690c7bfc19e4db17ad365416f9148e88a | Catalan_language | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. | What does the United States not have when it comes to languages? | {
"text": [
"an official language"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
331bacce56e4c99703950331ab911c31b0de254f | Catalan_language | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. | Which of the following is not a language: Spanish, Catalan, or European? | {
"text": [
"European"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
467d0a05bab83af5985c75e91707746f1e6fd148 | Catalan_language | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. | What is the official policy in regards to children and Catalan? | {
"text": [
"The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
acfc2fece439791bd5327c5b3dc916b286c89857 | Catalan_language | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. | Which of the following is not a reason to use Spanish for studying: the teacher chooses to, some of the students are recently arrived, or intergenerational shift? | {
"text": [
"intergenerational shift"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bc744370b7bdaaf8dc406966a15d9612ed90b8eb | Catalan_language | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. | What word means brings honor? | {
"text": [
"prestige"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
01ac332907db1e0e49870d654df6562bf167b3c3 | Catalan_language | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. | What if a new student arrives and doesn't understand Catalan? | {
"text": [
"it is possible to use Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
64b9998fbc296a6adcef5cb2204fc82013f5458a | Catalan_language | Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students. There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. | What happened to the prestige of Catalan? | {
"text": [
"increased"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
209e90ed41349055d6b4d0f6eb96804313798fe7 | Catalan_language | Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article. | What is it call when I do not want the differences in pronunciation | {
"text": [
"Central Catalan"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
36927d2d90bec757becba56e75bb29f5d7c8b1f5 | Catalan_language | Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article. | what else is different besides pronunciation in the text | {
"text": [
"dialects"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
87fed62728cadff762999e8426b0eb3b7adeb3f7 | Catalan_language | Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article. | What is it call when I do not want the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects | {
"text": [
"Central Catalan"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
df77ecbc628bb10b60d3146c0cf7a2a8eb2bd93d | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | The Royal Academy of Valencian Culture agrees with the? | {
"text": [
"opinion poll"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1bbef3d6cdf0e35deb2dc431c2980744f6811653 | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | How was a majority opinion determined in 2001 and 2004? | {
"text": [
"poll"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2a36909c734f42648de209bfda543d0bd88a1444 | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | How many scholars are active in fields other than t he linguistics? | {
"text": [
"minority of Valencian scholars"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3921e94baf61ceb071b32eb493f75d043f7b8ca9 | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | Catalan is not? | {
"text": [
"Valencian"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b7f25e2d1aad0ecf1878965f72e47c27b2f2bcfa | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | How many people think that Valencian is different than Catalan? | {
"text": [
"the majority of the Valencian people"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
81cb9f1c6548201bfd1e321fbd41cf5ce66aee10 | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | Who does a small amount of non-linguists say is right? | {
"text": [
"the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV)"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5beae249d5c2f00322f4c288ce4afc647f579781 | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | What did the people disagree about? | {
"text": [
"consider Valencian different from Catalan"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
85045a8d3638f443ed9d24831eeb763e08626d32 | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | How was it determined that younger people are less likely to consider Valencian different than Catalan? | {
"text": [
"an opinion poll"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7f140d10c489e799c01719fce097ec44b282e52d | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | Who disagreed with the so-called officials? | {
"text": [
"the majority of the Valencian people"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7716225830f0f481de0b8e59798841f48d0855d1 | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | Who agrees less with the polls? | {
"text": [
"younger generations educated in Valencian"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6f6c6ce04fbc7e3cfd8d3f6de0c200064cfd2eca | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | What did the opinion poll in 2001 and 2004 produce? | {
"text": [
"data"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
20ca679a7c7936361bffdfd39ad262c7f9f1865f | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | Who agrees most with the polls? | {
"text": [
"people who do not use Valencian regularly"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e6d2b5f89055423476fc195f8a9ce2d02117d6bd | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | The Valencian was studied in what academy is used as a standard for independence from Catalan? | {
"text": [
"Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
094f031bcac4176b1ff22354786ce9f431abda7d | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | Which entity uses Valencian as a standard? | {
"text": [
"Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
36c5f10acef7c1ec3f74f8db948b6920ebd88521 | Catalan_language | Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan. | An opinion poll that was what between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the people consider Valencian different from Catalan? | {
"text": [
"carried out"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7ed624b8dfc3fb622c53e91a4d798338a47362c7 | Catalan_language | The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below. | What are variations of the same language referred to as? | {
"text": [
"dialects"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a156ba9a68df50a494d4c800aaf52ba072994b6b | Catalan_language | The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below. | What is the first mentioned way to say the word? | {
"text": [
"/kə.təˈɫa/"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
887d6aae23d8e03ef4ee92072bc1609c1266a84b | Catalan_language | The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below. | Which part of the endonym is identical in the East and West? | {
"text": [
"ˈɫa"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
95ac240228f084caef8dbbd89bfb97c1cfec8154 | Catalan_language | The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below. | What term has four syllables? | {
"text": [
"(/va.len.siˈa/)"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b952cbd277d17bdd410772e318e7a1e1d6f6a70a | Catalan_language | The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below. | People from where would say the word the way that was first listed? | {
"text": [
"Eastern Catalan"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1a4d8273b3f500d82572fb16021af1d330f22153 | Catalan_language | The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below. | Who comes from Valencia? | {
"text": [
"Valencian"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4839ff7fcb2a9a3d32330575991429030aa5f528 | Catalan_language | The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below. | What area are the people in that use the second mentioned way to say it? | {
"text": [
"Western"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
de9c256f07690a3062b4c80aa8b1d4bdba747e9e | Catalan_language | The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below. | What is the alternative way to say it? | {
"text": [
"/ka.taˈɫa/"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
48a2592ad7860d7412c9ac0839985c654ecf39f0 | Catalan_language | The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below. | What term is not generally used in the dialect that is divided between East and West? | {
"text": [
"valencià (/va.len.siˈa/)"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a7c1af9ffe479e150c99696e669fb72f228ed28a | Catalan_language | With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region. | High-quality fruits come from the Loire Valley and central __. | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c01a723d0a37b62a2441555cd57a8f94763ab475 | Catalan_language | With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region. | __ cuisine developed throughout the centuries influenced by the many surrounding cultures of Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and Belgium. | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7a0bb897bddf22ab502236b31799593528e69fc8 | Catalan_language | With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region. | Catalonia used to all be in? | {
"text": [
"Spain"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bdf1c6be7b4380033e320677a9548bbe7b49fb3f | Catalan_language | With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region. | In Catalonia they speak Catalan and? | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1940f140f4c2c6718465e539a642ead841ba0dad | Catalan_language | With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region. | During the 16th and 17th centuries, __ cuisine assimilated many new food items from the New World. | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3d70bf353f0b14bddb8b25e3d9cfd912fd238ada | Catalan_language | With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region. | Some of Catalonia isn't supposed to speak? | {
"text": [
"Catalan"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5a448f302b64333bb639498601f6836fbcca669b | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament. Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament. Bonner went on to win election at the 1972 election and served as a Liberal Senator for 12 years. He worked on Indigenous and social welfare issues and proved an independent minded Senator, often crossing the floor on Parliamentary votes. | What type of Senator was Bonner? | {
"text": [
"Liberal"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
66e40a8014704f92bffcf532dd1d1e8e6ffcf3e2 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament. Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament. Bonner went on to win election at the 1972 election and served as a Liberal Senator for 12 years. He worked on Indigenous and social welfare issues and proved an independent minded Senator, often crossing the floor on Parliamentary votes. | Why did Bonner join the Senate during McMahon's period in office? | {
"text": [
"chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
71f82a28cfd464c08c4d52400e858c220b677652 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament. Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament. Bonner went on to win election at the 1972 election and served as a Liberal Senator for 12 years. He worked on Indigenous and social welfare issues and proved an independent minded Senator, often crossing the floor on Parliamentary votes. | What unique thing did Bonner do in 1971? | {
"text": [
"boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0cb30d817b66c6ef944b3a61937a02e236e864e0 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament. Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament. Bonner went on to win election at the 1972 election and served as a Liberal Senator for 12 years. He worked on Indigenous and social welfare issues and proved an independent minded Senator, often crossing the floor on Parliamentary votes. | What did Bonner do on Parliament's lawn? | {
"text": [
"his maiden parliamentary speech"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7802961b68384994d9dcf2cc2a640af50ca1e704 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament. Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament. Bonner went on to win election at the 1972 election and served as a Liberal Senator for 12 years. He worked on Indigenous and social welfare issues and proved an independent minded Senator, often crossing the floor on Parliamentary votes. | What were Bonner's political views? | {
"text": [
"Liberal"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
962647a5b3ad88a7a6c46d27a53457e5558cca4d | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament. Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament. Bonner went on to win election at the 1972 election and served as a Liberal Senator for 12 years. He worked on Indigenous and social welfare issues and proved an independent minded Senator, often crossing the floor on Parliamentary votes. | Where did Neville Bonner become a Senator? | {
"text": [
"Australian Parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |