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Adanna Women's Support Group
As a Mentor you are to offer guidance, support and form a positive one-to-one relationship with mentees, who may experience difficulty when it comes to advancing in their careers.
Mentors will provide complementary learning alongside guidance in order to fulfil their potential. The mentor’s role is to provide support to the mentee to enable them to take responsibility for areas of professional development. The mentor is there to help improve the career advancement of the mentee by creating a supportive, challenging, and reflective learning environment.
Main tasks and responsibilities.
Due to the nature of our group where we work closely with vulnerable women we will be considering female applicants only for this role.
Benefits to the volunteer
Skills, attributes, experience and qualifications
|Morning||Afternoon||Evening|
|Monday|
|Tuesday|
|Wednesday|
|Thursday|
|Friday|
|Saturday|
|Sunday|
Depending on your availability, however, we would like you to be able to commit to meeting the women you will be befriending at least once a month. But you should also keep in contact with your mentees on a regularly basis. This could be done by meting up in person such as going to cafes, or communicating via email, phone calls/texts etc. | https://volunteering.redbridgecvs.net/opportunity/mentoring-1452 |
The goal of the PASS Program is to facilitate peer-to-peer mentoring in which senior students pass down program specific (i.e. based on PhD department or clinical interest) information to junior students.
Additionally, the PASS Program aims to provide junior students with an easily accessible academic support system that remains pertinent as they progress through different stages of training, but is also flexible and adaptable to accommodate those who have changed their PhD departments or clinical interests.
For more information, please contact PASS Coordinators Zach Kloos, Dan Barson, Sam Olyha or Jeff Duncan.
Activities
Fall meeting:
This event will be held in a “speed dating” format. Student Mentor(s) representing different departments will be seated at different tables, and junior students will rotate through tables associated with departments they are potentially interested in joining. In addition to meeting their Student Mentor(s), the Mentees will learn:
- Department-specific requirements (i.e. when to qualify, which classes to take)
- Recommendations regarding PIs to rotate with, or to have on their thesis committees
- Information and tips about longitudinal clinical activities
Spring meeting:
This event will also be held in a “speed dating” format but in a more casual setting. This event will allow Mentors to “check-in” with their Mentees, as well as allow junior students who have changed departments to connect with a new Mentor.
Mentor training dinner:
This mandatory training session will occur once a year prior to the fall meeting. It will cover topics including:
- Debrief: The survey results will be presented (see Metrics and Analytics below) and a selection of the “challenging cases” will be presented as teaching points.
- Feedback: Mentors will be asked to give feedback and share general thoughts about the program.
- Mentoring guidelines: How often to contact Mentees, what to do if they ask questions you cannot answer, etc.
- Effective mentoring strategies: How to encourage Mentee participation, how to provide guidance without being discouraging, etc. “
- Above my pay-grade”: Discuss situations in which Student Mentors should consult with the Faculty Supervisor, or situations in which they should recommend their Mentees contact a faculty member (i.e. MD/PhD Academic Advisor, Dean Angoff, etc).
PASS Student Mentors
Matt Alsaloum
Dan Barson
Academic Department: Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program
Research interests: activity-dependent mechanisms of mammalian brain development
Clinical interest: neurodevelopmental disease
Other interests: Hiking, snow-sports, my puppy-monster, cooking, traveling, the New York Yankees.
Hannah Batchelor
Jes Cerdeña
Academic department: Anthropology
Research interests: I am a biocultural and medical anthropologist interested in the biological underpinnings of health disparities. My dissertation research focuses on intergenerational trauma in the Latin American migrant community in New Haven, using both ethnographic and epigenetic methods.
Clinical interests: I am generally interested in primary care, whether family medicine, adult internal, peds, or med/peds.
Other interests: Blasting music while cooking colorful vegan dishes, reading novels, singing Broadway diva ballads in the shower, biking with my husband, Ignacio, and playing with my two dogs, Marshmallow & Toby.
Ryan Chow
Pasha Davoudian
Matthew Dong
Margret Erlendsdottir
Sarah Fitzpatrick
Luis Gonzalez
Academic department: Cellular & Molecular Physiology
Research interests: Vascular remodeling after vascular interventions
Clinical interests: Surgery; plastic surgery
Other interests: Board games, video games, strategic card games (MTG), and going to the gym
Sydney Green
Academic department: History of Medicine
Research interest: history of medicine; hospital-based intimate partner violence response programs, anti-carceral feminism, health activism
Clinical interest: undecided
Other interests: knitting, live music, all things South Florida!
Kenneth Gunasekera
Academic department: Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases (Yale School of Public Health)
Research interests: Infectious disease transmission modeling, spatial disease mapping/spatial statistical modeling, cost-effectiveness analysis, diagnostic evaluation, implementation science, pediatric tuberculosis, HIV
Clinical interests: Pediatrics, infectious disease
Other interests: Swimming, running, learning language, Long Island!
Rachel Hennein
Grant Higerd
Yale email address
Academic department: Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Research interests: Cell biology and physiology. High throughput screening and drug discovery.
Clinical interests: Internal medicine, infectious diseases
Other interests: Rock climbing, cooking vegan food, Effective Altruism
Woong Y. Hwang
Academic department: Genetics
Research interests: Genetics/Cell Biology/Nuclear Transport/Wnt signaling
Clinical interests: Pediatrics/Internal Medicine
Other interests: Singing (acapella), Traveling, Fitness
Zach Kloos
Academic department: Microbiology
Research interests: Vector-pathogen interactions, especially those between bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and ixodid ticks.
Clinical interests: Infectious disease and transplant surgery.
Other interests: Cycling, fly fishing, and all things baseball. | https://medicine.yale.edu/mdphd/activities_resources/pass/ |
OVERVIEW A single thread weaves through all of them: they involve the rational observation of one's mental state over time. This introspection becomes the foundation for a broad-ranging examination of personal relationships-both with ourselves and with our personal worlds. The first piece begins with one's personal memories. The next examines a city and the people who experience it's total demise in less than three generations. The next explores our relationship to the things we possess. The final one looks at our romance with the automobile and how it impacts every aspect of lives. Taken together they should produce a meditative exploration of an activity in which we all engage, whether we realize it or not.
These four works are complete.
RETICULUM explores memory through fragmentary insights into a woman’s life, from the initial cognition of babyhood to the flickering congruity of our waning days. Listeners connect to her experiences, sharing her inner dialog–a conversation with self that lends perspective, humor, distance and context to what we’ve been through and how we choose to remember it. Sometimes blurred and troublesome, often evocative and transcendent, always subjective and personal, Reticulum reveals how personal reflections can become the bearers of individual and family ethos through the power of recall.
NIAGARA FALLING To stand at the very edge of Niagara Falls is to feel the water’s primal pull. There, where the roaring river drops away at your feet, you can partake in an ageless miracle. Yet the nearby city of Niagara Falls has seen one of the most remarkable decline of any urban center. Where some see total collapse in less than a lifetime, others see a hometown with strong roots and culture. Still others see a landscape worshiped for its divinity over several millennia.
WHO'S COUNTING looks at what the artists have in their home. Everything from how many teaspoons are in a drawer to the number of pillows on the bed have been photographed. If it is not attached to the wall, it is counted as an object. Room by room the artists look at how many objects they own. How many things do you own? The number may surprise you.
Life On Wheels The car. So familiar, so entwined in American life that it's not merely an indispensable tool but an inextricable feature of our cultural history. Through a combination of multiple projections and a scale model highway representing the intrusion of the Interstate into the natural landscape, the Hodge's installation of Life on Wheels aims to incite contemplation more than action. It encourages visitors to reflect on the roles cars play in our lives and to consider what our dependence on them means in the most basic terms.
TECHNICAL All four works are complete. They are multi-channel pieces. We feel the number of channels are optimal for each piece. However these can be configured in a variety of ways. We are willing to work with you and your technical staff to make this work for your museum.
DESIGN Once we are engaged we typically will develop a design for the exhibition. We also have a technical team who can specify equipment and program the entire exhibition if needed. We will work with your curatorial staff to create the best presentation possible. | http://www.davidandhijin.com/introspect1/ |
“Oh my gosh, I was having a total panic attack! I was running so late to the meeting and I thought I’d never make it!” Many people have been there before. But after hearing a recent speaker that visited GCI Health’s New York offices, the phrases “anxiety attack” or “panic attack” have taken on a whole new dimension.
An integral part of GCI Health’s signature initiative, People at the Center, is identifying individuals who have compelling stories that help shed light and elicit empathy – on what it’s like to live with a health condition, care for someone with one or even work to cure it. From researchers to parents to people with rare diseases or those with end-stage cancer, we ask “real people” to share their experiences with us and offer insights into how we can better communicate with them.
What an incredible privilege it is to hear their truth and talk with them about their experiences so that we can develop authentic and sympathetic strategies that reach and activate people in need.
We recently had the pleasure of hearing from Samantha Schutz. A native New Yorker, Sam, like so many young women, was excitedly heading off to college when she was figuratively and literally struck down by anxiety attacks. She had no idea what was happening to her – she literally thought she was dying. In fact, at times she wanted to die – for
the feelings to stop, for it all to be over.
Sam, the author of I Don’t Want to Be Crazy and the blog You Make Me Feel Less Alone, impacted our team deeply. When she talked, you could have heard a pin drop. When she finished, the same silence. As Sam shared her very personal journey of struggling with an anxiety disorder – the inexplicable, paralyzing, heart pounding fear of a panic attack that is distinct from and goes far beyond the everyday stress and anxiety many of us feel – we really got a sense of what it must feel like. It was terrifying yet, at the same time, touching to hear her tell her story with such strength and hope.
Sam shared that, indeed, we are “all special snowflakes, but that also means we are all made of frozen water.” What a great way to say that we are fundamentally connected and that we can learn from each other’s experiences.
Through her social channels, she not only reaches people with her stories, but asks people for theirs. This simple act of sharing, asking and listening has led people to say time and again, “You made me feel less alone” or “Your book saved my life.” Her personal voice and passion for helping others has allowed her to move beyond being just a story teller to become a story caretaker. By sharing her journey, she has created a place of trust for others to be open and candid, helping them shine a light on their experiences – just as important as hers – to help themselves and others.
As healthcare communicators, we often hear from people impacted by myriad diseases, their loved ones, health experts, advocates and care team members. In a way, all of us at GCI Health continue to evolve as story caretakers. Sam’s experience with anxiety disorder and what she has learned from others serve as a powerful reminder of our purpose to:
• Realize that behind every data point is a face
• Put the needs of people and care partners at the center of our communications
• Tap into our unique opportunity to serve as story caretakers and to become stronger story tellers
• Sharpen our vision to “see” the whole person, not just their health condition, and consider their unique challenges and opportunities
We thank Sam for her honest truth, which helps those of us at GCI Health become better communicators for the people we reach every day. And in a larger sense, we thank her for helping others see that they are not alone and there’s a world out there ready to listen and help. | https://gcihealth.com/article/people-at-the-center/ |
The Pitch has created a personal musical language and a body of work ranging from quartet music to extended, large scale ensemble pieces involving guest musicians and further conceptual elements.
Improvisation is an important element in their music. it is used as a generative device within specific shapes, structures and ideas for different pieces of music.
As a Quartet they are currently engaged in what they call 'Liquid Music' which focusses on Pattern based structures and more rhythmic interplay in an environment of prescribed pitch combinations and specific kinds of interaction.
In a nutshell: The Pitch has a growing number of pieces which highlight the different possibilities of the instrumentation of the band and the interaction of its sounds. | https://ausland-berlin.de/capecetricoli-pitchleichtmann |
Q:
Heartbeat pattern using reactive extension
Given a simple scenario:
A and B are in a room, A talks to B. The room is dark and B couldn't see A. How could B figure out if A is pausing or A is kidnapped from the room?
When A talks, A provides IObservable Talk that B subsequently subscribes to Talk.Subscribe(string=>process what A said). B could at the same time subscribe to Observable.Interval Heartbeat as a heartbeat checking.
My question is what Operator I should use to merge/combine two IObservable so that if there is no item from Talk over two items of Heartbeat, B will assume the A has been kidnapped.
Please note that I want to avoid a variable to store the state because it may cause the side effect if I don't synchronize that variable properly.
Thanks,
A:
Imagine a state variable you want to act on, with the state representing the number of heartbeats since 'A' last spoke. That would look like this:
var stateObservable = Observable.Merge( //State represent number of heartbeats since A last spoke
aSource.Select(_ => new Func<int, int>(i => 0)), //When a talks, set state to 0
bHeartbeat.Select(_ => new Func<int, int>(i => i + 1)) //when b heartbeats, increment state
)
.Scan(0, (state, func) => func(state));
We represent incidents of A speaking as a function resetting the state to 0, and incidents of B heartbeatting as incrementing the state. We then accumulate with the Scan function.
The rest is now easy:
var isKidnapped = stateObservable
.Where(state => state >= 2)
.Take(1);
isKidnapped.Subscribe(_ => Console.WriteLine("A is kidnapped"));
EDIT:
Here's an example with n A sources:
var aSources = new Subject<Tuple<string, Subject<string>>>();
var bHeartbeat = Observable.Interval(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)).Publish().RefCount();
var stateObservable = aSources.SelectMany(t =>
Observable.Merge(
t.Item2.Select(_ => new Func<int, int>(i => 0)),
bHeartbeat.Select(_ => new Func<int, int>(i => i + 1))
)
.Scan(0, (state, func) => func(state))
.Where(state => state >= 2)
.Take(1)
.Select(_ => t.Item1)
);
stateObservable.Subscribe(s => Console.WriteLine($"{s} is kidnapped"));
aSources
.SelectMany(t => t.Item2.Select(s => Tuple.Create(t.Item1, s)))
.Subscribe(t => Console.WriteLine($"{t.Item1} says '{t.Item2}'"));
bHeartbeat.Subscribe(_ => Console.WriteLine("**Heartbeat**"));
var a = new Subject<string>();
var c = new Subject<string>();
var d = new Subject<string>();
var e = new Subject<string>();
var f = new Subject<string>();
aSources.OnNext(Tuple.Create("A", a));
aSources.OnNext(Tuple.Create("C", c));
aSources.OnNext(Tuple.Create("D", d));
aSources.OnNext(Tuple.Create("E", e));
aSources.OnNext(Tuple.Create("F", f));
a.OnNext("Hello");
c.OnNext("My name is C");
d.OnNext("D is for Dog");
await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1200));
e.OnNext("Easy-E here");
a.OnNext("A is for Apple");
await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2200));
| |
The UK is on track for its wettest May on record, with further heavy rain forecast as lockdown rules start to lift.
According to provisional figures from the Met Office’s national climate information centre, Wales has already recorded 129% (110.6mm) of its average rainfall for the whole of the month, while the UK as a whole has had 88% (61.1mm).
All countries in the UK are recording rainfall well above the amount usually expected at this point in May, with Scotland reporting 72% (60.9mm) of its average May total, Northern Ireland 77% (55.8mm) and England 92% (53.9mm).
Simon Partridge, a senior operational meteorologist at the Met Office, said: “After a very dry April, the UK has seen a very wet May with rainfall totals already exceeding the monthly average.
“This has primarily been as a result of the position of the jet stream. It is currently to the south of the UK which allows low-pressure systems (those which bring wind and rain) to cross the UK.
“This is currently the case, although there are signs of some drier and more settled weather towards the end of the week.”
Flood warnings were announced on Thursday in England and Wales along the River Ray in Wiltshire and its tributaries from Shipton Lee to and including Islip. The Severn Vyrnwy confluence at the Llanymynech river gauge was also affected.
On Friday, the UK will experience 91% of its expected rainfall for the entire month, with approximately 63.5mm having already fallen. The wettest May on record was in 1967, when 131.7mm of rain fell across the month. There have been five Mays since 2000 in which rainfall exceeded 100mm, with 2007 recording 114.2mm.
The Met Office has reported May to be a relatively cool month, despite average temperatures in the UK increasing due to climate change, with maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures all at least 2C lower than the May average for every part of the UK.
Unsettled conditions will continue through the weekend, but there is a sign of drier conditions to come from Tuesday, with some indications of temperatures starting to climb towards more typical figures for the time of year.
A woman walks her dog in the rain in Cardiff, south Wales. Photograph: Gareth Everett/Huw Evans/Rex/Shutterstock
It is not the first time the UK has experienced unusual weather this year. According to the Met Office, April was the frostiest on record, with an average of 13 days of air frosts reported for the UK, topping the 11 days seen in April 1970.
Frosty conditions were replicated across the UK in April, with England (12 days), Wales (11 days) and Scotland (16 days) reporting their frostiest April since records began in 1960. Northern Ireland reported eight days of frost, not yet exceeding its current record of 11 days set in April 1983.
Last year, the UK experienced its sunniest spring and driest May since records began with 626 hours of bright sunshine recorded for the UK, exceeding the previous high (555 hours, set in 1948) by more than 70 hours. | |
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28186
|Title:||The current status of iPS cells in cardiac research and their potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine|
|Author(s):||Martins, Ana M.|
Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana
Reis, R. L.
|Keywords:||Cardiac differentiation|
Cardiac disease models
Cardiac tissue engineering
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Patient-specific stem cells
Pluripotency
Regenerative medicine
Reprogramming
|Issue date:||Jan-2014|
|Publisher:||Springer|
|Journal:||Stem Cell Reviews and Reports|
|Citation:||Martins A. M., Vunjak-Novakovic G., Reis R. L. The Current Status of iPS Cells in Cardiac Research and Their Potential for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, doi:10.1007/s12015-013-9487-7, 2014|
|Abstract(s):||The recent availability of human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells opens new opportunities to build in vitro models of cardiac disease, screening for new drugs, and patient-specific cardiac therapy. Notably, the use of iPS cells enables studies in the wide pool of genotypes and phenotypes. We describe progress in reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells towards the cardiac lineage/differentiation. The focus is on challenges of cardiac disease modeling using iPS cells and their potential to produce safe, effective and affordable therapies/applications with the emphasis of cardiac tissue engineering. We also discuss implications of human iPS cells to biological research and some of the future needs.|
|Type:||article|
|URI:||http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28186|
|DOI:||10.1007/s12015-013-9487-7|
|ISSN:||1550-8943|
|Publisher version:||http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/273/art%253A10.1007%252Fs12015-013-9487-7.pdf?auth66=1391958480_1baa901e13c8f36ca3e2b37135ad4a32&ext=.pdf|
|Peer-Reviewed:||yes|
|Access:||restrictedAccess|
|Appears in Collections:||3B’s - Artigos em revistas/Papers in scientific journals|
Files in This Item: | http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/28186 |
Amitabh Bachchan began Monday episode of Kaun Banega Crorepati 13 with roll-over contestant Sanchali Chakraborty. She is a pediatrician at a government hospital in Kolkata. She won Rs 6,40,000 on the show. After Sanchali quit the show, Deepti Tupe took the hot seat and won Rs 1.6 lakh.
SANCHALI CHAKRABORTY WINS RS 6.4 LAKH ON KBC 13
Sanchali used her second lifeline, Flip the Question for 11th question, which was related to mythology. She got a question related Amitabh Bachchan's debut film Saat Hindustani. She did not know the answer, so, she used her third lifeline, Ask The Expert, and won Rs 6.4 lakh.
The question for Rs 6.4 lakh was:
Who was the producer, director and story writer of the 1969 film Saat Hindustani?
The four options were: Hrishikesh Mukherjee, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas ,Chetan Anand and Kamal Amrohi
The correct answer was: Khwaja Ahmad Abbas
Sanchali was not sure about the answer for the 12th question, so, she decided to quit the game show. She had one lifeline, 50: 50, but she thought it was useless to use it, as she had no clue about the answer. And, she did not want to take a risk.
The question that stumped Sanchali Chakraborty was:
In which year was a Nobel Prize first awarded to a woman?
The four options were: 1903, 1905, 1910, 1911
The correct answer was: 1903
DEEPTI WINS RS 16 LAKH
After Sanchali Chakraborty left the game show, Amitabh Bachchan welcomed a fresh set of 10 contestants on KBC 13. Deepti Virendra Tupe won the Fastest Fingers First Triple Test and took the hot seat. She is a travel consultant from Pune, Maharashtra. The 40-year-old contestant has been working in the tourism sector for almost 15 years.
Deepti easily crossed the Rs 10,000 mark. She used her first lifeline, the Audience Poll, but the audience was confused. She used her second lifeline, Flip The Question. She wasn't sure of the answer, so she used another lifeline, 50:50, and won Rs 20,000.
The Rs 20,000 question was:
The Servants of India Society, formed in Pune, which trained young Indian for public service was established bt which nationalist leader?
The four options were Gopal Krishna Gokhlae, WC Bonnerjee, Surendranath Banerjea and Pherozeshah Mehta.
The correct answer was: Gopal Krishna Gokhale
With no lifelines left, Deepti decided to quit the show after having a look at the tenth question for Rs 3,20,000. She won Rs 1.6 lakh on the show.
Here are a few questions faced by Deepti:
Who has sung this song (Pareshaan)?
The four options were:
The correct answer: Shalmali Kolgade
Kala Aur Boodha Chand, Tarapath and Chidambara are works of which author?
The four options were: Sumitranandan Pant, Mohan Rakesh, Dharamvir Bharati and Maithili Sharan Gupt.
The correct answer was: Sumitranandan Pant
PRASAD MENKUDALE TAKES THE HOT SEAT
After Deepti, Prasad Subhash Menkudale took the hot seat. He won by .01 second from Akshayjot Ratnoo. The 32-yer-old hails from Solapur. He is a deputy commissioner in the Income Tax Department. His mother accompanied him on the show. Prasad had brought modak for Big B. Prasad used his first lifeline, 50: 50 for Rs 5,000 question. He used his second lifeline for the fifth question and won Rs 10,000 with the help of the Audience Poll. He soon used two of his other lifelines. However, he gave one wrong answer and went home with Rs 10,000.
The question that stumped Prasad was:
Which of these is the world's highest waterfall?
Niagara Fall, North America, Angel Falls, South America, Victoria Falls, Africa and Rhine Falls, Europe
The correct answer was Angel Falls, South America
Prasad Menkudale left with Rs 10,000. Before Amitabh Bachchan could conduct another Fastest Fingers First Triple Test round, the episode came to an end.
ALSO READ| Amitabh Bachchan welcomes Olympic champions Neeraj Chopra and PR Sreejesh on KBC 13
ALSO READ| Deepika Padukone, Farah Khan answered this question to win Rs 25 lakh on KBC 13. Can you? | https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/kbc-13-s-sanchali-chakraborty-failed-to-answer-this-rs-12-5-lakh-question-can-you-1852434-2021-09-13 |
North Carolina entrepreneurs know that buying a company is just the first step in actually running it. After the company is acquired, they may want to make changes to how it is run, who will handle daily operations and what products or services that it offers. However, these changes must be made gradually while building a rapport with existing staff.
One way to make a successful transition is to have a dialogue with employees and managers. This may help owners to decide who to keep and who needs to be let go in favor of people that they feel are better suited for the job. It may also make it easier for those who may need to be let go for budgetary reasons or because they are no longer a fit with the new vision for the organization.
It may be a good idea to study the company's culture prior to implementing any changes. Ideally, a business owner will keep in place any aspects of the culture that have led to the company's success. This may be especially important for those who are buying a franchise as they must largely adhere to existing policies created by the parent company.
Individuals who are looking to purchase a business may want to consult with an attorney prior to the deal closing. Legal counsel may help ensure that assets being sold actually belong to the owner and don't need approval from others to be transferred to a new owner. An attorney may also be able to review a purchase agreement to ensure that it adheres to applicable laws and regulations. | https://www.brittonlawfirm.com/blog/2017/01/what-to-do-after-buying-a-business.shtml |
Q: What do TPC-C throughput numbers mean?
A: You must understand what the benchmark is intended to measure, before you can understand throughput. Throughput, in TPC terms, is a measure of maximum sustained system performance. In TPC-C, throughput is defined as how many New-Order transactions per minute a system generates while the system is executing four other transactions types (Payment, Order-Status, Delivery, Stock-Level). All five TPC-C transactions have a certain user response time requirement, with the New-Order transaction response time set at 5 seconds. Therefore, for a 710 tpmC number, a system is generating 710 New-Order transactions per minute while fulfilling the rest of the TPC-C transaction mix workload.
Q: What do the TPC-C's price/performance numbers mean?
A: TPC-C's price/performance numbers (e.g. $550 per tpmC) may not be what you think they are. When first analyzing the TPC price/performance numbers, most people mistakenly believe they are looking at the cost of the computer or host machine. That is just one component, and not always the major component of the TPC-C's pricing methodology. In general, TPC-C benchmarks are system-wide benchmarks, encompassing almost all cost dimensions of an entire system environment the user might purchase, including terminals, communications equipment, software (transaction monitors and database software), computer system or host, backup storage, and three years maintenance cost. Therefore, if the total system cost is $859,100 and the throughput is 1562 tpmC, the price/performance is derived by taking the price of the entire system ($859,100) divided by the performance (1562 tpmC), which equals $550 per tpmC.
Q: There are two ways to look at TPC-C results: performance and price/performance. Is one more important and how do I know which system has the best TPC result?
A: Performance or price/performance may be more important to you, depending on your needs. If your application environment demands very high, mission-critical performance, then obviously you may want to give more weight to the TPC-C's throughput metric. On the other hand, most users are shopping within a given price range and any throughput number must be balanced against the cost of the system. Generally, the best TPC-C results combine high throughput with low price/performance.
Q: With two metrics (performance and price/performance), how do I proceed with comparing different systems?
A: There is no easy answer to this. You have to decide on the general range of performance and price/performance you are looking for and the relative importance of each factor. Typically, users start their evaluation process by stating that they are interested in systems that offer, say, 4000-5000 tpmC, in a price/performance range of $300-400. Once they have extracted those systems from the TPC-C's results listing, they can proceed with a more thorough investigation of the merits of each system.
Q: How can I tell if one of the TPC-C benchmarks is relevant to my application and environment?
A: This is an extremely difficult question to answer as the range of customer application environments is almost infinite and benchmarks are necessarily abstract and simplified models of all those environments. For this reason, TPC-C benchmarks represent a good yardstick for comparing different systems rather than a precise tool for capacity planning for a given customer application environment. The best approach is to reach a deeper understanding of the benchmark and compare its model (user interaction, database design, database size, transaction complexity, processing requirements, storage/backup tests) with your own application environment. If there is a rough match, you probably have a useful and relevant tool for comparing different systems that may be installed in your environment.
Q: Can I compare TPC-C results with other TPC benchmark results, say TPC-W?
A: No. Each TPC benchmark is substantially different from any other and the results cannot be compared.
Q: I notice that some TPC-C results are labelled "withdrawn." Could you explain what that means?
A: The TPC felt that users should be made aware of what results drop from the TPC-C's official results list and why those results no longer appear. Some vendors withdraw results because they feel these results no longer have market relevance. Other vendors withdraw results after compliance to the benchmark specification has been challenged by someone within the TPC-C. Rather than defend their implementation (and perhaps expend further resources to demonstrate compliance), the vendor chooses to withdraw the result. Finally, if the Council votes that a result is non-compliant, the Council will drop the result from the official results list.
Q: How should I evaluate "estimated" TPC-C results if they are presented?
A: You should not accept "estimated" or "extrapolated" TPC-C results. The TPC-C does not recognize these results as valid or legitimate. In short, accept nothing less than the real thing.
Q: If the system I'm interested in does not appear in your benchmark results list, what do I do?
A: Call the vendor and ask for more information. They may be planning to release more TPC-C results in the near future.
Q: Why don't TPC members publish results on all their systems?
A: First, no vendor (or TPC member) is required to run and publish benchmark results. Second, vendors choose to run benchmarks that provide their customer base with results relevant to those customers. Third, vendors may choose to run one benchmark over another because they believe one gives them better performance or price/performance than another benchmark.
Q: How do I get more information beyond the TPC-C's results listing?
A: First, you can obtain a Full Disclosure Report (approximately 100 pages) from our web site under Benchmark Results. These reports provide all the documentation on the system configuration, benchmark implementation, and pricing the vendor used in producing a benchmark result. There is additional performance data contained in these reports that may help you select the right system. In addition, you may choose to contact the vendor who may be able to supply additional performance and pricing information. | http://www.tpc.org/tpcc/faq5.asp |
Faculty areas of research include, but are not limited to, real and complex analysis, ordinary and partial differential equations, harmonic analysis, nonlinear analysis, several complex variables, functional analysis, operator theory, C*-algebras, ergodic theory, group theory, analytic and algebraic number theory, Lie groups and Lie algebras, automorphic forms, commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, singularity theory, differential geometry, symplectic geometry, classical synthetic geometry, algebraic topology, set theory, set-theoretic topology, mathematical physics, fluid mechanics, probability (in co-operation with the Department of Statistics), combinatorics, optimization, control theory, dynamical systems, computer algebra, cryptography, and mathematical finance.
Opportunities for graduate study and research are available in most of the main areas of pure and applied mathematics. There is a large selection of graduate courses and seminars, a diverse student body of domestic and international students, and yet classes are small and the ratio of graduate students to faculty is low.
Many recent Mathematics graduates from University of Toronto are engaged in university teaching, and a significant number hold administrative positions in universities or in the professional communities. Others are pursuing careers in industry (technological or financial) or in government.
Programme Structure
3.0 approved full-course equivalents (FCEs) and a supervised research project (MAT4000Y), or its equivalent, or
2.0 approved FCEs and an acceptable thesis. Two approved half-year courses are considered the equivalent of a full-year course.
Key information
Duration
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- 12 months
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DisciplinesMathematics Actuarial Science View 62 other Masters in Mathematics in Canada
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We are not aware of any academic requirements for this programme.
English requirements
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General requirements
Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Department of Mathematics' additional admission requirements stated below.
Evidence of an excellent academic background and mathematical ability.
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International27520 CAD/yearTuition FeeBased on the tuition of 27520 CAD per year during 12 months.
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Funding
Studyportals Tip: Students can search online for independent or external scholarships that can help fund their studies. Check the scholarships to see whether you are eligible to apply. Many scholarships are either merit-based or needs-based.
Apply and win up to €10000 to cover your tuition fees. | https://www.mastersportal.com/studies/290523/mathematics.html |
| 6.9°C Dublin
PROFITS at the retail arm of electricity and gas provider Energia fell 20pc to €12m in its last financial year.
It blamed increased wholesale prices and a more competitive environment for the decline.
Accounts for the retail unit - which sells to residential and business customers - show that revenue at the division rose 11.3pc to €1.02bn in the year to the end of March.
The company had a total of 210,500 accounts at residential sites at the end of the financial year, with 153,000 of those for electricity and 57,500 for gas. That compared with 141,400 and 50,700 respectively at the end of the previous financial year.
It had 42,000 electricity accounts at business premises at the end of last March, and 3,800 gas accounts. Those figures compared with the 48,200 and 4,300 respectively that it had 12 months earlier.
At the end of last March, Energia held 22pc of the Irish non-residential electricity market by volume and 13pc of the non-residential gas market by volume.
Despite the decline in non-residential customers, the company sold 3.9 terrawatt hours of electricity to those clients in the last financial year, up slightly on the 3.8 it sold the previous year.
Gas sold to those customers declined to 56.3m therms from 58.2m therms.
Electricity and gas usage by residential customers rose 16pc and 9pc respectively in the last financial year.
Energia is owned by US-based I Squared Capital. | https://www.independent.ie/business/personal-finance/latest-news/tougher-competition-sparks-20pc-slump-in-energia-profits-38937230.html |
Dr Iona Weir is a scientist with extensive research experience in New Zealand and overseas including the US, Canada and Australia. She has undertaken over thirty years’ scientific research in both the academic and commercial arenas. She gained her PhD from Auckland University Medical School, proving differences between plant, human and microbial apoptosis (programmed cell death) and then how this affects immunology pathways.
She has received a number of international awards for her work, including awards in cell biology for Outstanding PhD and Young Scientist. She publishes regularly in prestigious international scientific journals, and has had over 40 peer-reviewed international publications such as PNAS, and the front cover of The Plant Journal. Dr Weir frequents International conferences, often as an invited speaker at such as the Cold Spring Harbor Programmed Cell Death Symposium (a key international conference for this field). She also has had eight international patents granted for her ground-breaking work in this area.
She worked as a Senior Scientist and Team Leader for Plant and Food Research Institute for 12 years across a range of plant and human health research projects specialising in cell biology and biochemistry. Dr Weir undertook a Marsden-funded sabbatical at the renowned Ontario Cancer Institute/Toronto University, and was Chief Scientist and founder for Aegis BioActives developing a pine bark extract as an adjunct for chemotherapy. Subsequently, she became Research Director for BioDiscovery NZ, a privately owned company focused on high throughput molecular compounds screening for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications.
Dr Weir was the Chief Scientific Officer managing the research for the gut health products Phloe (IBS) and KiwiCrush (constipation) which were exited to Nestle and Mundipharma. Phloe is a synbiotic kiwifruit product with patented prebiotic and probiotics. She was also Principal Scientist for BioActives Research focused on microencapsulation and manufacture of novel probiotics.
Furthermore, Iona has successfully turned a nutraceutical company into a pharmaceutical company, including opening an IND (Investigative New Drug) with the USFDA for an oral eczema drug LYP-010 which progressed to Phase IIB, and exiting to an European Pharmaceutical Company.
Combining her ample scientific knowledge with her desire to help people with a range of all-too-common skin issues, Dr Weir founded Atopis skincare in 2017. | https://atopis.com/au/atopis-story/dr-iona-weir/ |
Wellness And Vaccinations
As part of our general practice services, our doctors provide routine wellness care and internal medicine case management. At NAHAH we recommend annual diagnostic and wellness checkups for your pet. These annual visits can provide assurance that your dog or cat’s health is in order as well as help our doctors’ ability to detect diseases or the onset of conditions early enough to begin treatment. Early detection will help to improve the prognosis of many diseases, keep medical costs down, and help your pet live longer.
During your pet’s wellness exam, one of our doctors will perform a physical assessment, including checking your pet’s vitals. Your pet may also be due for certain vaccinations and preventives. If needed, we may perform a diagnostic workup, which could include blood, fecal, and urine tests to check for parasites and underlying disease. As always, your doctor will walk through everything with you to ensure you fully understand and are on board for your pet’s recommended care. | https://www.nahah.net/routine-services/wellness-and-vaccinations/ |
Much has been said and written over the last year about the state of the global economy and the post-covid recovery, with the focus being increasingly fixed upon inflation. Although this risk was roundly dismissed by policymakers and by political leaders at the beginning of the covid crisis, when countless rational voices warned against the consequences of reckless printing and spending, it is by now obvious that climbing prices are not “transitory”.
Still, when discussing inflation and its impact, most economists, market analysts, investment experts and the financial press at large tend to examine the matter from an academic or technical perspective. Most analyses we see these days are preoccupied with monetary policy implications and whether another higher-than-expected CPI reading will force earlier rate hikes, while others are trying to predict the effect on different asset classes.
While these are all important considerations for investors trying to anticipate how inflation will impact their own portfolios, they must not pull their focus away from the bigger picture.
The working poor
While it is striking to read headlines about CPI in the US hitting a 40-year high, or about wholesale natural gas prices in Europe climbing over 400%, the true impact of these price increases cannot be easily communicated through charts and economic metrics, nor can it be truly fathomed by anyone who is not directly affected by them. Of course, we’ve all been paying more at the gas pump, and we’ve been spending more at the grocery store for months already. But the financial reality for millions of Western households, until recently considered “middle class”, is much more dire.
US Inflation surge Annual % change in US CPI
Source: Bloomberg
For example, in the UK, where inflation rose to a 30-year high in January and is expected to keep climbing, there’s a cost-of-living crisis the likes of which most young adults have never encountered before in their lifetimes. Food and heating costs have exploded over the last few months and the squeeze has brought countless households close to breaking point. The nation is set to experience a 30% rise in destitution this year, according to the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, while data from the Food Foundation paints an even bleaker picture: In the world's fifth-largest economy, 4.7 million adults experienced food insecurity in January and 1 million had to go without food for an entire day.
German households are facing similar challenges, with non-profit operations, like Tafel, that are distributing discarded food to those in need, seeing an unprecedented explosion in the number of people who seek their assistance. In France, climbing prices have become a hot-button election issue, while in Lithuania, where inflation hit an incredible 12.2% in January, driving to Poland for basic groceries has become the norm for many.
Across the Atlantic, climbing prices in the US, combined with the expiration of covid-relief measures like the expanded child tax credit, translated to a 41% increase in the nation’s child poverty rate in January, according to the Center on Poverty and Social Policy at Columbia University. Meanwhile, according to data recently released by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, US household debt increased by $1 trillion last year, the biggest annual jump since 2007. And in Canada, where inflation hit its highest level since 1991, food banks in Montreal reported a surge in demand, while they are also seeing an increasing number of people who used to donate not too long ago now standing in line themselves. Quebec Food Bank, which supplies food to 32 food banks and more than 1,200 community organizations, reported an increase in demand of up to 60% compared to pre-pandemic levels.
Share of US adults experiencing financial hardship due to recent price increases, by household income
Source: Statista, Gallup
Action and reaction
As the headlines about skyrocketing food prices and record-breaking gas bills keeping piling up, we’re also seeing at the same time an unprecedented number of reports about social unrest, demonstrations, and protests from all over the world. And while most mainstream media outlets attempt to explain the latter phenomenon away as isolated manifestations of anti-vaxx sentiment, extreme right-wing propaganda or even foreign interference in national politics, the principle of Occam’s razor remains the best way for any rational observer to understand why millions of people are taking to the streets. The simplest explanation, or the one that requires the fewest assumptions, is usually the right one. And it’s no different in this case.
For instance, let’s look at the trucker protest in Canada, that lasted for nearly a month and made international headlines almost every day. It is true that the “Freedom convoy” was initially triggered by the introduction of a vaccine mandate that many Canadians were opposed to for a variety of reasons. However, what the truckers specifically protested with their original “march” was the financial impact of the new law, a sentiment that became much clearer as the protests spread. Having already suffered during the lockdowns and after seeing their incomes now once again shrink thanks to inflationary pressures, the demonstrators and the millions who supported them around the world refused to live with yet another threat to their livelihoods.
The link between deteriorating living standards and the simultaneous spike in protests and social unrest is even more apparent when we look at other large demonstrations elsewhere in the world. In Spain, for example, another convoy of trailer trucks made its way through Madrid in late December. The protesters’ demands in this case were not open to interpretation: They clearly called for the government to act against surging fuel prices that made it impossible for them to earn a living. In mid-February, demonstrators in the UK were similarly explicit and direct. Thousands of people participated in marches in over 25 towns and cities across the country to express their anger at the cost-of-living crisis. A week later, the same clear message was sent by Greek farmers, who blocked a national highway with hundreds of tractors. Their production costs have risen by over 50% and the pressures keep mounting, pushing many family farms to the brink.
In the developing world, the situation is infinitely worse. In Morocco, Nigeria, Kenya, India, Cuba, and elsewhere, desperate citizens have been demonstrating for months, demanding meaningful action and support from their governments and the international community. In those less privileged parts of the world, inflationary pressures have already triggered full blown humanitarian crises and exacerbated preexisting ones.
“The way democracies die”
This is how legendary investor Charlie Munger described in a recent interview what might lie ahead should we continue to go down this inflationary path. The vice-chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, now 98-years old, cited historical examples of the sociopolitical implications of runaway inflation, from the Roman Republic to Latin America, and warned that this “is the biggest long-range danger we have, apart from nuclear war”.
To some, this might sound hyperbolic. Indeed, at first glance, it is hard to see how a 7% increase in consumer prices can turn out to be a threat to democracy or social order. And yet, upon closer inspection, it quickly becomes clear that there’s a lot more to fear than paying 20 cents more for a carton of milk. For one thing, all those official inflation readings that everyone is basing their projections on are arguably dangerously inaccurate. The way that CPI is calculated today all but guarantees that the results will be divorced from reality, as any western citizen buying their own groceries and paying their bills can testify on at this point. A much more realistic measure of inflation, calculated by Shadowstats using the same formula the US government used before 1980, puts the rate at 15%, a much more worrying figure, not to mention the highest since 1947.
In any case, it really doesn't matter all that much whether it was a 7% or a 15% CPI rise that sent a working mother to the food bank for the first time in her life. What matters is that this is where we are now. And what matters even more, is that there is no easy way out. This is exactly why Charlie Munger’s warning should be headed: at this point, it’s not inflation itself, at the current levels, that has the potential to wreak havoc in our societies, but the real danger comes from what governments and central banks choose to do about it.
The original plan of most central banks, to “tighten and unwind” once they deemed their economies sufficiently recovered, might seem like a sensible idea, as mopping up all that excess liquidity would be the obvious thing to do to put the brakes on inflation. On the fiscal side, it would also make sense to put an end to all the “relief” programs and all the extra spending, maybe even roll back some of the preexisting benefits and welfare schemes. But as much sense as these moves might make theoretically, at this stage, they are tantamount to political suicide.
“No politician will allow breadlines to form under their watch, even if they know for sure that those lines will inevitably get longer if they do nothing. By that time, it will be somebody else’s problem."
The last thing that roadblocking truckers, protesting farmers and striking factory workers want to hear is that they must “tighten their belts”. The same goes for the already-swelling ranks of the “working poor”, seeking assistance from non-profits and community organizations. As most of them are employed and do not qualify for government welfare programs, they’re not showing up in official statistics, but this is not a trend that can be hidden behind the “full employment” data for much longer. No politician will allow breadlines to form under their watch, even if they know for sure that those lines will inevitably get longer if they do nothing. By that time, it will be somebody else’s problem.
Investment implications
As we mentioned in the beginning, investors should reassess the way they think about inflation. Of course, its short-term effects are still important, as is its impact on different asset classes. However, it is the big picture we should be focusing on.
If we look at the lessons of the past, there are several ways this could unfold. Justified public anger can lead to all kinds of unjustifiable reactions, social divisions, and dangerous political shifts. And while we have no way of knowing precisely which scenario will prevail, we can already see a common denominator emerge from all the protests around the world. In different cities and in different languages, demonstrators are holding up the same sign: “Tax the rich”.
For the moment, policymakers seem to be sticking to a “wait and see” approach, with “symbolic” rate hikes and no real plan to actually fight inflation in a meaningful way. And with austerity measures and monetary tightening being politically untenable, there really is just one way forward.
As we predicted back in September of 2020, in our Special Report entitled “On the Brink of a New Era: Are you prepared?”, financial repression and wealth redistribution will be the most likely “solution” that governments will choose to appease public discontent. In this scenario, in combination with crumbing currencies and sociopolitical disruptions, physical precious metals will provide the only realistic and reliable protection for investors and ordinary savers. | https://www.bficapital.com/post/the-real-cost-of-higher-prices |
Altman v. Helgesen
Plaintiffs' objection to page 61, line 13 through page 62, line 6 of the deposition of Officer Ben Munji is overruled in part, and sustained in part.
STATEMENT
At the pretrial conference on July 15, 2014, plaintiffs raised an objection to the defendants' use at trial of a portion of the deposition of Officer Ben Munji. In the contested portion of the deposition, Munji testified that he was on the verge of shooting plaintiff Altman because the plaintiff was a direct threat to Helgesen. Munji testified that he believed the plaintiff was a threat to Helgesen's life and threatened great bodily harm. When asked to explain how the plaintiff was a threat, Munji testified that plaintiff had a knife, and that he was approaching aggressively. Munji believed plaintiff's next action was to harm Helgesen with the knife. Munji added that he felt he needed to stop the plaintiff to save Helgesen's life.
Plaintiffs object to this testimony on the grounds that Munji's state of mind is irrelevant to the jury's determination of the reasonableness of Helgesen's conduct.
In addition, plaintiffs argue that Munji's testimony is akin to improper testimony that blesses-in hindsight-the reasonableness of an officer's decision to discharge his weapon.
It is true that Munji's subjective belief about the propriety of shooting the plaintiff is not relevant, and any testimony than an officer would have shot the plaintiff if he were in Helgesen's shoes would be "of no legal import." See Terrell v. Smith, 668 F.3d 1244, 1254 (11th Cir. 2012). But most of Munji's deposition testimony does not go so far, and is not an opinion based on a hypothetical scenario. I find that Munji's observations and decision to act (or not act) in a certain way are relevant to the totality of the circumstances that the jury must consider. The fact that Munji was on the verge of shooting Altman and observed Altman to be a direct threat to Helgesen is not an opinion, it is a fact from a percipient witness. I note that Munji's testimony does not opine on whether his choices were reasonable. The testimony that Munji did not shoot because Munji "had a cross fire" with other officers is also not an opinion, but an observation from Munji. It is also an explanation for his inaction that I find is relevant to the jury's consideration of the events that actually occurred as related by an eyewitness on the scene. Given that the jury will likely be instructed that it must decide whether Helgesen's use of force was unreasonable based on what Helgesen-not anyone else-knew at the time, I find that there is little risk of unfair prejudice from most of Munji's testimony. The jury will understand the question it is to decide.
Munji's testimony includes a conclusion about his belief that Helgesen's life was in danger, and includes the witness using the phrase "great bodily harm." Munji's testimony also strayed into a hypothetical scenario that did not occur, when he stated that he felt he needed to stop the plaintiff to save Helgesen's life. There is a risk that a jury would place undue weight on that testimony when considering the question of whether a reasonable officer would believe that the plaintiff's actions created an imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm. Munji's observations about the threatening nature of Altman's actions are relevant, but his conclusions that he believed Helgesen's life was in danger and that Altman, if successful, would do great bodily harm, are more confusing and unfairly prejudicial than they are relevant to the jury's assessment of Helgesen's conduct. Pursuant to Fed.R.Evid. 403, Munji's deposition at page 61, line 22-23 will be stricken (starting with, "to his life and - I believed to his life ...
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We achieve the greatest impact through partnerships. That’s why NORCAP collaborates with a wide range of humanitarian, development and peacekeeping partners across the globe, from multinational agencies to national authorities and local organisations. We combine our knowledge, experience and resources to protect and empower people at risk.
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We have worked closely with Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (NMFA) to improve aid since 1991. NFMA has provided financial support via framework partnership agreements since 2009 and the current strategic partnership agreement includes additional funds for emergency situations. In 2017, the NMFA and NORCAP established a second framework agreement with the NMFA on supporting international organisations in promoting democracy, human rights and peace (the NORDEM programme).
We also receive funding from:
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Donors
NRC/NORCAP believes in transparency and holds ourselves accountable to our donors, partners, staff and the displaced people we serve. To maintain the integrity of our work, we adhere to these principles:
Non-discrimination and respect for human dignity:
We are dedicated to providing support for the most vulnerable – regardless of nationality, ethnicity, gender, religion, political views or disabilities.
Transparency:
We ensure that the details on how we work, and where are funds go, are accessible and visible. Our information aligns with the standards of the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI). Read more about our commitment to accountability.
Risk management:
Corruption, theft and mismanagement are common in many of the countries where we operate. NRC has robust anti-corruption and risk management systems. We hold our partners to the same high standards.
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More than 90 per cent of NRC's costs are used in the crisis-affected countries where we operate. Our current administrative costs average between 9 and 10 per cent of our global budget. Read more about our finances.
Monitoring and evaluation:
We routinely reflect on our experiences and projects in the field, critically assessing our projects at the field and management levels.
At NRC, we take pride in the principles of our humanitarian action. Read our Ethical Guidelines on corporate partnerships. | https://www.nrc.no/expert-deployment/norcap-partners-donors/ |
I was born in Bloomington, Indiana, but grew up in North Carolina. I attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for my master’s of science in nursing, and Vanderbilt University for my doctorate in nursing practice. I am board certified as an Adult Nurse Practitioner and Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioner.
I provide psychiatric evaluations and treatment for patients ages 18 and up. I am a nurse practitioner, which is a registered nurse with a doctorate degree that allows me to diagnose and prescribe. I believe strongly in evidence-based practice, as well as the nursing ethics of holistic care—treating a patient as a whole person, rather than only addressing the illness—patient advocacy, and social justice. I work in partnership with patients to maximize their mental health and happiness. I have particular areas of interest and experience in treating bipolar disorder, neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental disorders (ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Intellectual Disability, Dementia, etc.), and cognitive and psychiatric symptoms and comorbidities of neurological disorders (Parkinson’s, Multiple Sclerosis, chronic neuropathic pain, chronic headache, epilepsy).
I love spending time with my husband, our 2 sons, and our menagerie of horses, cats, dogs, and goats. I love playing outside, digging in the dirt in our garden and greenhouse, cooking, and making home-made soap. | https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/providers/588/58863/5886373 |
Eighty-five percent of artists whose work is found in collections of major U.S. museums are white, and 87 percent are male, according to new research by Chad Topaz of Williams College, MA, and colleagues. The study, published in PLOS ONE, also suggests that artist diversity is not strongly linked to a museum's collection mission.
Recent years have seen a spotlight on diversity within the U.S. art museum world. Museums have made efforts to increase staff and visitor diversity, relying on demographic studies to inform their decisions. Some museums are also taking steps to increase diversity in their collections. However, demographic insights to aid these efforts have been largely unavailable.
Topaz and colleagues have now conducted the first large-scale investigation of artist diversity in museums. They used artist data from 18 major U.S. museums that list their full collections online, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston. They then selected 10,000 of these artist records for demographic analysis via the crowdsourcing platform Amazon Mechanical Turk. Crowd workers produced 45,000 responses that were analyzed to generate a final report.
The analysis found that the four largest groups of artists across the 18 collections are white men (75.7 percent), white women (10.8 percent), Asian men (7.5 percent), and Hispanic/Latinx men (2.6 percent). Some museums are outliers; for instance, about 10.6 percent of artists at Atlanta's High Museum of Art are Black/African American, compared to 1.2 percent of artists across all 18 museums. The researchers also found that the stated missions underlying museums' collections had only a weak relationship with artist diversity. This suggests that museums could make their collections more diverse without altering their missional focus on particular time periods or regions.
Crowdsourced work can potentially be biased, though the authors did subsequently validate data by checking a random sample of records. Additionally, information on some artists and artworks was incomplete—a limitation of the study. Nonetheless, these findings could aid museums' collection decisions, and the methodology could be extended to assess diversity in other settings.
Topaz adds: "We conducted the first large-scale study of the diversity of artists held in the collections of major art museums and find that an estimated 85% are white and 87% are men, lending quantitative evidence to issues of diversity that are often discussed in the art world. Additionally, we find that museums with similar collection missions can have quite different diversity profiles, suggesting that a museum wishing to increase diversity in its collection might do so without changing its emphases on specific time periods and geographic regions." | https://phys.org/news/2019-03-large-scale-illuminates-artist-diversity-museums.html |
Biography:
Who is photographer Louise Lawler?
Louise Lawler is an American photographer who is best known for her photos of other artists’ work. Her photos place special emphasis on the artistic method, space, and even materials used to create each piece. These pieces often show the life cycle of a piece of art, whether that means showing it being installed in a gallery, inside of a private residence, or even inside the artist’s workshop or studio space. Lawler is extremely well known in the photography world and is most closely associated with the famed Pictures Generation, which also includes the likes of fellow luminaries Cindy Sherman and Laurie Simmons.
Louise Lawler’s unique approach and singular artistic vision have made her pieces extremely desirable for both private collectors and large galleries. She has pieces in the collection at the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney, the Guggenheim, LACMA, the Tate, Centre Georges Pompidou, and countless others. Her pieces routinely sell for five figures or more and she has been recognized by countless organizations for her contributions to art photography.
What kind of art does Louise Lawler make?
Louise Lawler photographs other pieces of art. These photographs have various settings, but very rarely are of a dry and barren studio space or gallery. Instead, Lawler’s pieces breathe life into the art world, showing how the subject is affected by the context and backdrop of where they are presented. Her piece Monogram Arranged by Mr. and Mrs. Burton Tremaine, New York City (1984) is one of her most famous and features the famous Jasper Johns’ painting, White Flag (1958). In addition to her photography, Louise Lawler has produced several books of her photography, the most recent being Twice Untitled and Other Pictures which was published by MIT Press in 2006.
How did photographer Louise Lawler get started?
Louise Lawler was born in 1947 in Bronxville, New York, just 15 miles north of Midtown Manhattan. She was obsessed with art from an early age, eventually enrolling at Cornell University where she received a BFA in fine art. When she was 22, the young Lawler moved to Manhattan where she got a job at the famed Castelli Gallery. It was there that she met Janelle Reiring, the future founder of Metro Pictures, who helped Lawler’s fledgling career get off the ground. Initially, Lawler’s pieces centered on objects inside several collector’s homes. During this time she also explored conceptual and installation art. Lawler’s big break came at the dawn of the 1980s, when her photography was featured at a solo exhibition at the famous Jancar Kuhlenschmidt Gallery in Los Angeles.
How much are Louise Lawler prints worth?
Louse Lawler’s photographs can be worth around $15,000 for a minor work to over $100,000 for her best sellers. Typically, the range of Lawler’s pieces is around $20,000 to $40,000. The most ever paid at auction for a Louise Lawler photograph is $125,600 for the piece, Monogram Arranged by Mr. and Mrs. Burton Tremaine, New York City (1984) which sold November 8, 2004. It was a photograph of the famous Jasper Johns’ painting, White Flag (1955). This was by far the highest selling piece for Lawler, outperforming her next highest sale by nearly $30,000.
Where to buy Louise Lawler prints for sale?
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Our Art Value Guide provides free information about how to value your Louise Lawler Artwork. | https://fineart.ha.com/artist-index/louise-lawler.s?id=500088762 |
The Soviet Union won. Leningrad never fell to German forces.
In Leningrad (since renamed St Petersburg) in Russia.
Leningrad
leningrad
Georgy Zhukov .
On 27 January, 1944, Leningrad celebrated a complete victory over Nazi troops.
Overall three million German prisoners of war were captured by soviet union but not sure about exact number of soldiers captured in battle of Leningrad.
.Both the siege of Leningrad (8 September 1941 - 27 January 1944) and the battle for Stalingrad (23 August 1942 - 2 February 1943) were events in WW2 . Leningrad is now know as Saint Petersburg and Stalingrad is now Volgograd . | https://www.answers.com/Q/When_and_where_did_the_Battle_of_Leningrad_occur |
Our purpose is to provide high quality further education and training for Northamptonshire people and businesses. The College's mission is to enhance the lives of our students and other customers, helping them to reach their potential through learning.
Northampton College is one of the largest general further education colleges in the region with around 10,000 students and a turnover of over £28M. We employ around 500 permanent members of staff and around 300 working on a flexible basis. Staff are given every opportunity to develop their skills and we are committed to supporting a professionally-qualified and experienced workforce.
We offer a broad range of full-time and part-time courses, many funded by the Education Funding Agency (EFA) and the Skills Funding Agency (SFA).
In addition, we offer higher education courses in partnership with the Universities of Northampton and Warwick, and offer support to a range of other organisations including the voluntary sector. | https://www.northamptoncollege.ac.uk/about-us/331-our-purpose.html |
I've always been interested in finding a way to incorporate Machine Learning into a real time performance scenario where the user can react in real time to the model output which will help influence the path of the performance. It is somewhat akin to Jazz in that you have to react in real time to what the model does since you do not necessarily know what it will do until it has done it. This puts the user and the model into a more collaborative situation and the shape of the music and performance is influence both by the model output and how the user reacts and builds on what the model has done.
What it does
The project was made to be a tool to use in a real time live coding performance setting. It allows you to create drum patterns and generated extensions of those drum patterns using the Magenta DrumRNN model. These drum patterns are sent to Sonic Pi via OSC messages and can be changed, modified and updated in real time. There is also the ability to live code additional sounds and patterns in Sonic Pi to go along wit those generated drum patterns.
How I built it
I have done several projects involving the p5js-OSC library to send messages to Sonic Pi, so I was familiar with the working of that library. I had experimented with creating drumbeats in Sonic Pi and sending them as input for the Magenta DrumRNN model and sending the output back into Sonic Pi, so I had the code needed to convert the Magenta output into something that Sonic Pi could play. For this project, I only needed the code to send model output to Sonic Pi. From there, I was inspired to make the interface from Tero's workshop where he introduced us to the NexusUI library and the drum grid. This seemed like a very accessible way to make this project more interactive.
Challenges I ran into
I do not have much experience with frontend web development, so it took some time to get the GUI to work the way I wanted it to as well as coordinating each OSC message. I tried live coding with it several times and each time got a better sense of features I wanted to make the experience feel more natural to a live coding performance.
I had made a version with a tempo slider as well but since the timing is all handled in Sonic Pi, it made the code in Sonic Pi a bit more difficult when it was time to start live coding other loops. It worked okay but I felt if I want to make this available to other users, that would be a considerable drawback. The tempo can still be set in Sonic Pi.
Accomplishments that I'm proud of
I am very happy that this project works well in a real time performance setting. I have done several live coding sessions with it and really feel that it does a great job of incorporating ML output into a performance setting where the user is able to use and modify the output in real time. I really feel that this project can make ML more accessible and be seen as a clear tool in the music making process instead of something that could be seen as replacing the human element of creating music. Something to assist and collaborate with, like a member of a band. People I speak with, when told about how AI can create music, it is often viewed as opposition or a threat to the human element of the creative process. This project shows that we can work with the model and allow it to assist us, provide us with new ideas to react to and steer us into directions we may not have gone on our own. It really allows the flow and direction of the music to be influenced by the user and the model in an organic back and forth that feels very similar to playing with another person.
What I learned
I learned more about using HTML and CSS to help design more interactive projects. I also learned a lot more about Tone.js from Rachel and Tero's workshops, even though I didn't really use it in this particular project, I intended to do more with it in the future.
What's next for Sonic Pi DrumRNN GUI
I plan on incorporating this tool into my own live coding performances. I would also like to try and find a way to set this up on the web where the OSC part is taken care off on the backend, so the user doesn't need to download additional libraries or run a local server to make it more readily available for people to play with. | https://devpost.com/software/sonic-pi-drumrnn-gui |
The present invention relates in general to a device for measuring the oxidizable carbon of a liquid, and more particularly, to a device for determining the oxidizable carbon content of a liquid by obtaining an accurate thermally-corrected conductivity measurement of a photo-oxidized sample of said liquid.
Instruments (and methods) for photo-oxidizing water and measuring the total oxidizable carbon (TOC) content thereof are well-known. Such devices operate primarily by exposing a sample of water, presumably containing dissolved organic constituents, to ultraviolet radiation (xe2x80x9cUVxe2x80x9d), while contemporaneously measuring the change in electrical conductivity of the sample due to the formation of carbon dioxide by oxidation of said organic constituents. See e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,626,413, issued to F. K. Blades et al. on Dec. 2, 1996; 4,666,860, issued to F. K. Blades et al. on May 19, 1987; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,047,212, issued to F. K. Blades et al. on Sep. 10, 1991. Circuits employed in such instruments are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,435, issued to F. K. Blades on Jul. 28, 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,940, issued to F. K. Blades on Aug. 2, 1994; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,260,663, issued to F. K. Blades on Nov. 9, 1993.
As typically implemented in the cited patents, the instruments for measuring the total oxidizable carbon content of water disclosed in the cited patents comprise a sample cell wherein a static sample of water is maintained between a pair of conductivity-measuring electrodes while the sample and the electrodes are exposed to an irradiation source emitting UV light in the 184 and 253 nanometer wavelengths. The electrodes are typically formed of solid titanium oxidized to provide a TiO2 surface; this N-type semiconductor material catalyzes the reaction of organic carbon compounds in water to CO2 when exposed to short wavelength UV.
Operation of these instruments is subject to some uncertainty. Conductivityxe2x80x94the variable such instruments most immediately targetxe2x80x94fluctuates as a function of the temperature of the sample. This is a concern. The standard temperature at which conductivity values are typically reported is 25xc2x0 C. However, the sample liquid temperature is hardly ever exactly at 25xc2x0 C. when measured.
To account for such temperature effect, many basic conductivity measuring instruments attach or incorporate a thermal sensor to or into their outer cell walls. From such xe2x80x9cextracellularxe2x80x9d location, temperature readings are taken and imputed to represent the temperature within and throughout the cell""s internal volume. The variance from 25xc2x0 C. is then calculated into the measured conductivity to correct for any temperature-effect. Examples of such prior art instruments can be found in the patent literature.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,047,212, issued to F. K. Blades et al. on Sep. 10, 1991, discloses a disk-shaped conductivity measuring instrument comprising a circular inner electrode and a concentric outer electrode. The circular inner electrode forms one face of the instrument""s internal enclosed volume, with the concentric outer electrode seated therein. A ring-shaped photo-oxidation source is incorporated into the instrument, proximate to the enclosed internal volume. A thermistor is integrated into the inner electrode and is used to measure the water temperature in the cell. In early derivatives of this technology, the inner electrodes tended to be comparatively bulky, and accordingly, had comparatively high thermal mass. Later derivativesxe2x80x94see e.g., the Access 643 TOC Analyzer available from the Anatel Corporation of Boulder, Colo.xe2x80x94offered cells with significantly reduced mass (e.g., circa 1.73 g).
As another example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,677,190, issued to P. C. Melanson et al. on Oct. 14, 1997, discloses xe2x80x9c[a]n improved measurement cell . . . for measuring the electrical characteristics of a liquid sample during exposure to radiation.xe2x80x9d More particularly, a glass cell forms a main tube extending generally parallel to an elongated photo-irradiation source. A pair of electrodes are disposed axially within the sample tube. Inlet and outlet tubes and a xe2x80x9ctemperature sensing wellxe2x80x9d are fused to the main tube.
Although these and other prior art conductivity measuring instruments continue to be useful, in respect of capturing very fine conductivity measurements, certain observations can be noted regarding their precision in the measurement of temperature.
First, in many prior art instruments, temperatures sensors are often secured to the housing of the cell, isolated from the liquid loaded within the cell reducing or otherwise frustrating thermal accuracy.
Second, the conduct of photo-oxidation on a sample liquid will in time produce thermal gradients within that sample. Thus, for example, the temperature of the sample liquid closest to the irradiation source will be higher than the temperature of the sample liquid furthest from the source. This can reduce the precision and/or accuracy of prior art instruments wherein the temperature sensor is remote from the electrodes. Such sensors will not measure the temperature in the area wherein conductivity is measured. Though one may wait for the photo-oxidized sample to equilibrate, this is often impractical.
Third, in prior art devices wherein the thermal sensor is embedded into a bulky electrode, the comparatively high thermal mass of such electrode will frustrate precise and/or accurate thermal readings. Depending on the materials used for such electrode, the temperature sensor may in operation be measuring the temperature of the electrode, rather than the sample liquid. This issue becomes compounded in instruments wherein the sensor is located within its own housing, surrounded by a variety of cell components, each such component having its own thermal mass and thermal conductivity relative to the liquid.
Fourth, in prior art instruments wherein the temperature sensor is located adjacent the outer wall of the cell, unmitigated thermal conduction through exterior walls can lead to an inaccurate temperature measurement. Depending on the materials used for the construction thereof, an instrument""s cell wall can conduct the temperature of the external ambient environment to the sample liquid in the vicinity of said cell wall.
In light of the above, there is a need for a new probe and cell design for use in a photo-oxidation based conductivity measuring device, which improves upon the present probes and cells currently used therein in respect of providing more precise temperature readings.
In consideration of the above need, the present invention provides a device capable of making an improved determination of the oxidizable carbon content of a liquid by obtaining a precise thermally-corrected conductivity measurement of a photo-oxidized sample of said liquid. The conductivity measurement isxe2x80x94as is the case in other prior art devicexe2x80x94thermally-corrected, but is particularly characterized by its unprecedented precision in the face of thermal gradients often produced during photo-oxidation. This precision is accomplished, in part, by the unprecedented incorporation into the device of certain materials and structures that permit the taking of xe2x80x9cintracellularxe2x80x9d thermal measurements (i.e., thermal measurements deep within the device""s internal volume) without undesirably compromising other important cell functions.
In one principal embodiment, the device comprises a cell, at least two elongate probes, and a temperature sensitive element (e.g., a thermistor). The cell comprises a rigid light-transmissive outer wall enclosing a continuous predetermined internal volume The elongate probesxe2x80x94which provide collectively the means to measure temperature and conductivityxe2x80x94penetrate through the rigid outer wall and extend substantially into the cell""s internal volume. At least one of the elongate probes is hollow at least partially along its length, with the temperature sensitive element positioned well within the resultant bore.
Two principal configurations are envisaged. In the first, two elongate probes are utilized, the pair functioning as electrodes for the measurement of conductivity, with one being hollow for the placement of the temperature sensitive element. In the second, the temperature sensitive element is placed in a hollow elongate probe positioned between paired elongate electrode probes.
In light of the above, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide an improved device capable of being used for photo-oxidizing a liquid and for obtaining a precise thermally-corrected measurement of the total oxidizable carbon (TOC) content thereof.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a methodology for determining the total oxidizable carbon (TOC) content of a liquid, the methodology involving a combination of both photo-oxidation steps and steps designed to reduce the effects of thermal gradients induced thereby.
Other objects will be apparent from the detailed description below and would include, for example, the provision of:
a conductivity probe having an improved thermal reading capability and greater sensitivity in conductivity readings especially at low conductivity levels;
a conductivity probe containing a thermal sensor having a thermal reading capability of +/xe2x88x921.0% as compared to the temperature of the liquid as measured by a salt thermometer test;
a conductivity probe containing a thermal sensor having a thermal reading capability of +/xe2x88x920.75% as compared to the temperature of the liquid as measured by a salt thermometer test;
a conductivity cell having a low cell constant and a conductivity probe having an improved thermal reading capability;
a conductivity cell having a cell constant less than approximately 1 cmxe2x88x921;
a conductivity cell having a cell constant between approximately 0.05 to approximately 1 cmxe2x88x921; and
a conductivity cell having a cell constant between proximately 0.1 and approximately 1 cmxe2x88x921 and capable of taking precise thermal measurements.
For further understanding of the nature and objects of the present invention, reference should be had to the following description considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
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Sir: I have the honor to enclose a copy of a decision of the Central Executive Committee and the Soviet of People’s Commissars of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics dated August 11, 1936, as published in the Moscow Daily News of August 12, 1936, reducing the draft age for active military service in the Red Army from twenty-one to nineteen years.24 In order to effect this change, there will be drafted annually between the years 1936 and 1939, inclusive, one and one-half yearly draft contingents.
Since the Embassy has no figures available indicating the average yearly draft, and since it is understood that there is a considerable variation in the percentage of men actually called to the colors each year from the entire eligible contingent, it is impossible for the Embassy to estimate accurately the size of the new draft contingents or to determine with any degree of certainty the significance of the decision under discussion. According to the decision itself, the measure was adopted because of the “rise in physical level of Soviet youth” in order to enable young men to complete their military service at an earlier age thereby permitting them to “work without interruption in the chosen specialty or to study”. It is, however, possible that since during the years 1936 to 1939, inclusive, men will come of age who were born during the war years 1915–1918 when the birth rate was much lower than normal, the decision may have been prompted by the desire of the Red Army to have as large an eligible draft contingent from which to select as it has had in previous years. On the other hand, several military Attachés of foreign countries on duty in Moscow [Page 300] have expressed the opinion to members of the Embassy staff that the decision is evidence of a plan to increase the size of the Red Army during the next four years from 1,300,000 men* to between 1,500,000 and 2,000,000.
Respectfully yours, | https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1933-39/d304 |
Despite efforts to increase representation, the percentage of women in law enforcement has remained stagnant for the past few decades. Women constitute less than 13% of total officers and a much smaller proportion of leadership positions despite comprising over half of the total US population. This discussion will focus on why we need to increase women in law enforcement. How do women contribute in ways that differ from their male colleagues? What strengths do women bring to the field and how do they impact the safety of officers and the communities they serve? There is limited empirical research on how to increase the number of women in policing, retain and promote them and for understanding their unique challenges. Join us for a discussion that will continue to build from the stories and insights shared during our Breaking the Blue Ceiling program in December of 2020.
These questions and more will be answered by our panelists in a two-part live virtual discussion focusing on the varied perspectives within law enforcement and the community.
Participants will be announced soon. | https://lawenforcementmuseum.org/events/the-female-force-empowering-women-in-law-enforcement/ |
Each month the California Employment Development Department (EDD) releases industry data for the prior month. This edition of San Diego’s Economic Pulse covers July 2018 data, including unemployment, new business establishments, and job postings.
Data from the month of July reflect seasonal employment losses. The unemployment rate fell slightly during the month to 3.5 percent after a sharp spike in June.
Nonfarm employment fell by 14,400, or 1.0 percent, in July. Compared to year ago, total nonfarm employment is up 21,200, or 1.5 percent.
San Diego’s unemployment rate remains well below both the state rate of 4.4 percent and the national rate of 4.1 percent, both of which also saw small declines in July.
Nearly every jurisdiction saw declines in its unemployment rate in July. Only Solana Beach experienced no change in its unemployment rate of 1.5 percent.
The second most populous county in California, San Diego County is a center of entrepreneurship and innovation with one of the most highly educated workforces in the world.
However, changing skill requirements, a nationwide battle for talent, and a soaring cost of living are threatening our regional competitiveness.
According to the San Diego Regional Economic Development Corporation (EDC), San Diego’s Hispanic population is our fastest growing group and will become our region’s largest by 2030. However, Hispanics and other underserved populations are dramatically underrepresented in our region’s innovation occupations and possess lower rates of educational attainment.
For the region to remain competitive, proactive measures to promote economic inclusion must be taken.
The San Diego Foundation Science & Technology Program nonprofit partners are working to close demographic gaps in educational attainment and strengthen our regional resilience by building an inclusive economy.
Since 1999, the Science & Technology Program has granted more than $8 million to support scientists and engineers in San Diego, and most recently granted $632,934 to 10 programs aiming to increase opportunities for those who work and learn in our region.
Grantees such as California State University San Marcos and Access Inc. support San Diego’s innovation economy by creating and expanding a pipeline of young adults underrepresented in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields to college and career opportunities for inclusive growth.
Inclusive growth is crucial to sustain a successful, regional economy, especially for our innovation sector, which accounts for more than 25 percent of San Diego’s economic activity.
The San Diego Foundation Director of Community Impact Katie Rast recently discussed how we can grow an inclusive, regional economy with key stakeholders: President & CEO of San Diego Regional EDC Mark Cafferty, Vice President of Youth Programs at Access Inc. Roshawn Brady, and Associate Professor of Biological Sciences at Cal State San Marcos Dr. Julie Jameson.
Watch the recording below of the Facebook Live conversation to learn why preparing our region’s workforce of the future means ensuring our underserved communities are competitive and how visionary organizations are making an impact in the lives of young, underrepresented adults. | https://www.sandiegobusiness.org/blog?page=6 |
20 Minutes.
Switzerland’s population rose by 90’600 in 2016, more than the population of the city of Luzern or the combined populations of the cities of Nyon, Neuchâtel and Yverdon.
The 1.1% increase brings the number of permanent residents at the end of 2016 to 8,417,700. If this growth rate of 1.1% were extrapolated forward on a compounding basis, Switzerland’s population would double in 64 years1.
The increase in 2016 was due to net birth-death related growth of 21,100, and net immigration, which added 75,5002. In 2016 there were 85,700 births and 64,600 deaths. On the immigration front 192,700 arrived in Switzerland, while 117,200 departed. 24,400 Swiss citizens were among those arriving and 30,600 Swiss among those who left, resulting in net emigration of 6,200 Swiss citizens. The remaining 168,300 arrivals were citizens of other countries. 86,700 foreigners left Switzerland across the year, resulting in a net inflow of 81,600 foreigners.
The percentage of foreigners in Switzerland stood at 24.9% at the end of 2016.
Cantons with the greatest rises in population were Aargau, Zug and Vaud, which all saw their populations grow by 1.5%. Neuchâtel and Appenzell-Innerhoden, which grew at 0.2%, saw the slowest growth. Geneva (1.0%), Valais (1.0%), Bern (0.9%) Zurich (1.4%) and Basel-City (0.6) were all in the middle.
Switzerland’s population continues to age. 18.1% of the population is over 64, while there are 29 people over 64 for every 100 working-age people – aged between 20 and 64. 15 cantons exceed the national dependency ratio of 29, with Ticino in the lead on 37 per 100. The canton with the lowest dependency ratio (24.5) is Fribourg. The foreign population is on average younger than the Swiss population.
20 Minutes article (in French) – Take a 5 minute French test now
Evolution of the population 2016 – Swiss Federal Statistics Office (in French)
1 1.1% at a compound annual growth rate for 64 years equals growth of 101 percent
2 This figure includes the movement in the non-permanent resident population. For this reason this figure and that for net births-deaths together do not equal the total permanent population increase of 90,600.
For more stories like this on Switzerland follow us on Facebook and Twitter. | https://lenews.ch/2017/04/07/at-last-years-growth-rate-switzerlands-population-would-double-in-64-years/ |
Atomic bomb testing in the Nevada desert.
|Year 1955|
1955
Contents
Bilderberg
1955 was one of only two years in which more than one Bilderberg conferences took place. The first was the Bilderberg/1955 March conference, the second Bilderberg/1955 September conference.
Events
- January 17 – Template:USS, the first nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut.
- January 22 – In the United States, The Pentagon announces a plan to develop intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), armed with nuclear weapons.
- January 25 – The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union announces the end of the war between the USSR and Germany, which began during World War II in 1941.
- January 28 – The United States Congress authorizes President Dwight D. Eisenhower to use force to protect Formosa from the People's Republic of China.
- February 9 – Apartheid in South Africa: 60,000 non-white residents of the Sophiatown suburb of Johannesburg are forcibly evicted.
- February 10 – The United States Seventh Fleet helps the Republic of China evacuate the Chinese Nationalist army and residents from the Tachen Islands to Taiwan.
- February 19 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) is established, at a meeting in Bangkok.
- February 24 – The Baghdad Pact (CENTO), originally known as Middle East Treaty Organization (METO), is signed between Iraq and Turkey.
- April 1 – EOKA starts a terrorist campaign against British rule in the Crown colony of Cyprus.
- Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, due to ill-health, at the age of 80.
- Richard J. Daley defeats Robert Merrian to become Mayor of Chicago, by a vote of 708,222 to 581,555.
- April 6 – Anthony Eden becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- The Taiwanese Kuomintang (with good help from the CIA) put a time-bomb on the airplane Kashmir Princess, killing 16 but failing to assassinate the People's Republic of China leader, Zhou Enlai.
- April 12 – The Salk polio vaccine, having passed large-scale trials earlier in the United States, receives full approval by the Food and Drug Administration.
- April 17 – Imre Nagy, the communist Premier of Hungary, is ousted for being too moderate.
- April 18–April 24 – The Asian-African Conference is held in Bandung, Indonesia.
- May 5 – West Germany becomes a sovereign country, recognized by important Western countries such as France, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States.
- May 6 – The Western European Union Charter becomes effective.
- May 14 – Eight Communist Bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defence treaty in Warsaw, Poland, that is called the Warsaw Pact (it will be dissolved in 1991).
- May 15 – The Austrian State Treaty, which restores Austria's national sovereignty, is concluded between the 4 occupying powers following World War II (the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and France) and Austria, setting it up as a neutral country.
- June 26 – The Freedom Charter of the anti-apartheid South African Congress Alliance is adopted, at a Congress of the People in Kliptown.
- July 7 – The New Zealand Special Air Service is formed.
- The first atomic-generated electrical power is sold commercially, partially powering Arco, Idaho, from the U.S. National Reactor Testing Station; on July 18, Schenectady, New York, receives power from a prototype nuclear submarine reactor at Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory.
- July 18 – Illinois Governor William Stratton signs the Loyalty Oath Act, that mandates all public employees take a loyalty oath to the State of Illinois and the United States or lose their jobs.
- July 18–23 – Geneva Summit between the United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom and France.
- July 27 – El Al Flight 402 from Vienna (Austria) to Tel Aviv, via Istanbul, is shot down over Bulgaria. All 58 passengers and crewmen aboard the Lockheed Constellation are killed.
- August 1 – The prototype Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft first flies, in Nevada.
- The First Sudanese Civil War begins.
- August 20 – Hundreds of people are killed in anti-French rioting in Morocco and Algeria.
- August 28 – Black 14-year-old Emmett Till is lynched and shot in the head for allegedly grabbing and threatening a white woman in Money, Mississippi; his white murderers, Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam, are acquitted by an all-white jury.
- September 6 – Istanbul pogrom: Istanbul's Greek minority is the target of a government-sponsored pogrom.
- The military coup to unseat President Juan Perón of Argentina is launched at midnight.
- A Soviet Navy Zulu-class submarine becomes the first to launch a ballistic missile.
- September 18 – The United Kingdom formally annexes the uninhabited Atlantic island of Rockall.
- September 19–21 – President of Argentina Juan Perón is ousted in a military coup.
- October 4 – The Reverend Sun Myung Moon is released from prison in Seoul, South Korea.
- Ngô Đình Diệm proclaims Vietnam to be a republic, with himself as its President (following the State of Vietnam referendum on October 23), and forms the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.
- October 29 – Soviet battleship Novorossiysk explodes at moorings in Sevastopol Bay, killing 608 (the Soviet Union's worst naval disaster to date). Rumored to have been done by Italian frogmen.
- Official start date of the Vietnam War between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and Republic of Vietnam; the north is allied with the Viet Cong.
- A time bomb explodes in the cargo hold of United Airlines Flight 629, a Douglas DC-6B, over Longmont, Colorado, killing all 39 passengers and 5 crew members on board.
- November 15 - Democratic Party of Japan and Japan Liberal Party were mergered, ruling Japan Liberal Democratic Party has active started.
- The American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations merge, to become the AFL–CIO.
- December 10 – 1955 Australian federal election: Robert Menzies' Liberal/Country Coalition Government is re-elected with a substantially increased majority, defeating the Labor Party led by H. V. Evatt. This election comes in the immediate aftermath of the devastating split in the Labor Party, which leads to the formation of the Democratic Labor Party. The DLP will preference against Labor, and keep the Coalition in office until 1972.
- Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Laos, Libya, Nepal, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Sri Lanka join the United Nations simultaneously, after several years of moratorium on admitting new members that began during the Korean War.
- General Motors becomes the first American corporation to make a profit of over 1 billion dollars in 1 year.
- Austria becomes independent, under terms of the May 15 Austrian State Treaty. | https://www.wikispooks.com/wiki/1955 |
In honor of National Library Week, UNT Special Collections wanted to show that libraries lead in creativity, by offering a hands-on workshop to learn Japanese bookmaking techniques.
This workshop will focus on the art of Japanese stab binding, the suminagashi paper marbling technique, and block printing.
- Japanese stab binding is a method of book-binding where the body of the book is a stack of single sheets rather than a solid, separate binding. Stab binding only requires the sheets to be of similar size; the color or textures of each page can vary.
- Suminagashi is an ancient Japanese technique. Perhaps the oldest form of marbling, Suminagashi is the method of using water and ink and marbling techniques to create a colorful work of art on plain paper.
- Woodblock printing came to prominence during Japan’s Edo period (1603-1868). Using water-based inks, Japanese artists and book-makers turned printing into a vivid process.
Please join us for this wonderful workshop, and leave with your own custom handmade book!
This event is part of the UNT Libraries’ celebration of National Library Week.
Event Information: | https://library.unt.edu/events/2018/07-26-japanese-book-making-workshop/ |
After a slight dip in the first half of the year, auto production has begun ramping up. From January to July, output grew 1.4% to 834,247 passenger cars and light commercial vehicles.
Skoda Auto produced 512,042 vehicles, an increase of 1.7%, while Kolín TPCA increased production by 4.5% to 134,455 vehicles. Hyundai Nošovice is down 1.3% producing 187,750 cars.
The increase in production and export of passenger autos shows the competitiveness of domestic automakers. Despite the decline in sales in Europe in the first half of 2019, they’ve maintained their market share in the top markets. Barring any dramatic changes in the economy, the Auto Association forecasts the trend will continue through the end of the year.
Despite slowdowns in Europe and China, domestic manufacturer’s sales grew 2% to 771,519 vehicles. | https://praguebusinessjournal.com/auto-production-up-despite-global-slowdown/ |
In recent past, the Great Plains has experienced extreme weather conditions. Most recently, we witnessed very high winds combined with dry conditions, resulting in dust clouds reminiscent of the 1930s.
With a challenging agricultural economy, partnered with changes in land values, larger equipment, and farming practices, many farmers and ranchers are removing windbreaks. Budgets are tight and producers are trying to maximize use of the land, but risk the loss of valuable topsoil. Windbreaks can be used to control soil erosion by wind and water, enhance crop production, and protect livestock.
While weather events can’t be controlled, farmers and ranchers can be proactive in protecting our resources. Instead of tearing out aging windbreaks, they can replace trees and implement additional soil-conserving practices, such as reduced tillage or planting cover crops. Federal working lands conservation programs, such as the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) and Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), help producers adopt and implement these practices.
Recently, the House released their version of the farm bill – and it disincentivizes land stewardship. The bill eliminates funding for CSP, and cuts dollars for all working lands conservation programs by nearly $5 billion over 10 years. Farmers and ranchers are stewards of the land who need funding, tools, and resources to protect our soil and water. With a farm bill that doesn’t value conservation, should we be wary of another dust bowl?
Established in 1973, the Center for Rural Affairs is a private, nonprofit organization, based in Lyons, Neb., working to strengthen small businesses, family farms and ranches, and rural communities through action-oriented programs addressing social, economic and environmental issues. | https://empire-press.com/2018/05/when-the-dust-settles-farmers-focus-on-land-stewardship/ |
Many small businesses are running out of money, and it’s difficult to budget as no-one knows when the national lockdown will end or be eased. You need to take advantage of the business support schemes available to you.SEISS
The deadline for applying for the third SEISS grant is 29 January 2021. You need to apply for this grant online yourselves using your Government Gateway ID and password, we can’t apply on your behalf.
The Chancellor said a fourth SEISS grant would be made available to help businesses survive the three months to 30 April 2021, but there is still no detail of how much it will be or when traders will be able to apply. We also don’t know what the conditions for the fourth SEISS grant will be.
It’s possible that this grant will be partially based on the profit reported in the 2019/20 tax return. It may also be restricted to traders who submitted their 2019/20 tax return by 31 January 2021.CJRS
Many small company directors were locked out of the first two versions of CJRS because they normally pay themselves an annual salary at the end of March.
If those directors did not have pay reported under RTI in 2019/20 before 20 March 2020, they couldn’t claim under CJRS-1 or CJRS-2. If they managed to pay themselves some salary between 20 March 2020 and 30 October 2020 they are eligible for CJRS-3.
The problem is how to calculate the amount to claim under CJRS based on one annual payment of salary, taking into account the monthly pay cap of £2,500.
HMRC has finally issued some examples on annual salary payments (numbered 3.14 and 3.15), and they both take the annual salary and divide it by the number of days in the annual pay period (366 or 365 days). If you have restricted the claim according to the monthly cap of £2,500, you may want to revisit those calculations.
Unfortunately, the HMRC example 3.14 is incorrect as if the director was not paid in the period 20 March to 30 October 2020 (inclusive) they would not be eligible to claim under CJRS-3. | https://dfcaccountancy.co.uk/2021/01/21/coronavirus-support-schemes-21-01-2021/ |
Legal project management is the application of project management concepts to the control and management of legal cases or transactional matters. These principles have been used by multiple other professional service providers for many years. For decades, lawyers have loosely sketched out plans for matters but rarely put together detailed plans for end-to-end delivery of legal service on matters. As corporate clients have adopted project management to most, if not all, of their internal projects they are increasingly demanding legal project management from their law departments and external legal service providers.
Quite simply, legal project management is the formal and deliberate integration of planning, budgeting, and communication. It results in transparency for both the client and the legal service provider from the outset of the legal matter. Communication between and expectations of both parties is clear and written down in the Project Plan.
The typical Project Plan will be agreed to between the parties and will contain:
1. Summary of the Project
2. Goals of the Project
3. Scope of the Project
4. Out of Scope - As can often happen on legal matters out of scope tasks can be undertaken either because the client requests it or the legal service providers in their quest to provide a thorough analysis or work product think certain tasks should be undertaken.
5. Key Assumptions - These are assumptions the parties made when putting together the plan. Things could change in the future and those could impact the deliverables, the timeline, the staffing, or even the scope. But this is a great example of how expectations are managed at the outset.
6. Risks - what are possible obstacles to accomplishing the Project Goals?
7. Deliverables - what is the legal service provider going to deliver?
8. Timeline - what are the key dates for deliverables and communications/updates?
9. Participants - Resource Planning. Who are all of the people necessary to accomplish the Project Goals? How often are they needed? Who will manage the project? Who will do the work for each task? Who will be consulted and who will be informed?
10. Costs - Here's where the planning and assumptions of the above help legal service providers arrive at the costs of the project. It could be fixed fee. It could be part fixed fee and part hourly rate. It could be just hourly rates.
Legal project management is a great tool to deliver efficient legal services and it will only continue to grow as more corporate clients demand it and more legal service providers understand and see the value it provides to their clients.
Legal project management can appear to be a daunting task at the outset of a legal matter but don't OVERTHINK it. You can keep it simple as you try it out and improve upon your own process as you apply these concepts to additional matters.
Here are the 4 reasons why legal project management works:
1. Improved communication, transparency and, ultimately, trust between the parties. This all leads to improved client satisfaction.
2. Better expectation management - fewer surprises (hopefully, none!)
3. Cost certainty and cost containment for law departments. The transparent process allows for significant improvement in budgeting for legal costs.
4. Profitable fixed cost legal services for law firms. The more frequently legal project management is used by law firms the easier and easier it becomes for law firms to profitability price their legal services with precision. Fewer write-offs, better staffing and knowledge management to perform the work repeatedly with less effort. | https://nimbleconsultingservices.com/blog/tag/Six+Sigma |
Respiration, glycolysis, utilization of carbon from 14C-labeled glucose and the activities of some regulatory enzymes of the Krebs cycle and glycolysis in adriamycin-sensitive (EH-WT) and -resistant (EH-ADR) Ehrlich ascites tumor cells have been investigated. The following summarizes the results: 1. Compared with wild-type cells, EH-ADR cells exhibited an enhanced rate of oxygen consumption as well as of ATP production (2-fold). 2. When the cells were supplied with glucose as the only added energy source, the aerobic lactate production was 30% higher in EH-ADR cells. However, in spite of the enhanced glycolysis, 50% of total cell ATP was still supplied by oxidative phosphorylation, whereas in EH-WT cells 65% of ATP was derived from glycolysis. 3. The activities of the regulatory enzymes were remarkably more elevated in EH-ADR cells. 4. The amount of glucose carbon atoms metabolized through the Krebs cycle and pentose phosphate pathway in EH-ADR cells was significantly higher than in EH-WT cells. 5. These differences confirmed a modified energy metabolism in resistant cells and reflected metabolic adaptations associated with the development of multidrug resistance. | https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/energy-metabolism-of-adriamycin-sensitive-and-resistant-ehrlich-a |
By combining information from our sensor platforms, 3rd party data and technical assessment, our software drives improved decision making at Departments of Transportation across the country. The products the Software Team Lead is responsible for directly contribute to making transportation infrastructure safer and more reliable.
The Software Team Lead guides the team towards the integration of the sensor platforms, our internal assessment tools and our web based visualization tools.
Section
Primary Responsibilities
Team Lead
- Hire, mentor, develop and manage a high performing team
- Provide technical leadership for the software development teams
- Assess 3rd party products and platforms for their integration into the Mandli portfolio
- Regularly report status of development, quality, system performance and implementation to management
- Work with Engineering, IT Operations and other departments to ensure cross team communications are open and clear
Software Management
- Work with product owners to develop and manage to software development lifecycles
- Plan and implement software updates and modifications to accommodate company and customer needs
- Assist developers with designing, coding, testing and supporting applications primarily in Java along with several other software languages and environments
- Perform analysis on software development tasks to identify ways to improve efficiency and increase overall code quality
Communication and Reporting
- Develop accurate time estimates for implementation of tasks
- Represents the organization at meetings, conferences and other functions
- Perform additional duties as assigned
Section
Qualifications
To perform this job successfully, an individual must be able to perform each essential duty satisfactorily. The requirements listed below are representative of the knowledge, skill, and/or ability required. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
Education, Experience and Skills
Required:
- A Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science or related engineering field• 5+ years of managing teams delivering multiple projects concurrently
- Experience applying product management methodologies to achieve development business goals
- Solid understanding of Object Oriented Programming, micro services, cloud delivery and web technologies
- Excellent communication, documentation, and organizational skills
Preferred:
- Experience leading a team environment utilizing Agile or Scrum methodologies
- Project Management experience, PMP preferred
- UI evaluation experience
- Product management experience, from conception to end of life.
- Software testing including unit, smoke, system, and regression testing
- Databases including MySQL, Oracle
- Experience with GIS systems and software
Section
Travel
This position does not require any set amount of travel. Travel may be required for specific projects on a case by case basis.
Section
Physical and Environmental Demands of the Position
The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
While performing the duties of this job, the employee is regularly required to talk, hear, use hands, and reach with hands and arms. Vision requirements include the ability to have clear vision at 20 inches or less to view and effectively utilize general office equipment and computers. Activities occur indoors.
Section
Disclaimer Statement
The information contained in this job description is intended to describe the essential job functions required of those assigned to this job. It is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all accountabilities, activities, and knowledge needed to perform the job. Please note that job functions are reviewed periodically and are subject to change based upon company business need. | https://www.mandli.com/softwarelead/ |
Our client a Dealership in Boston require a Service Manager to join their team. The role is critical in supporting the Dealership and the Group to reach their objectives. You must be committed to achieving excellence. You will be able to clearly demonstrate your ability to generate impressive results by increasing performance, profitability and operating efficiency. You must have strong leadership and people management skills as your primary focus is to lead your team to deliver their business objectives. You will be expected to drive the business forward and maximise customer satisfaction whilst motivating and managing the whole team. You will be able to demonstrate that you possess strong leadership, communication and organisational skills. Salary: c25k + OTE - ONLY CANDIDATES WITH PREVIOUS MOTOR TRADE EXPERIENCE WILL BE CONSIDERED.
Apply for this job
Please complete the form below. | https://www.am-online.com/jobs/view/10853---service-manager/16092/ |
TÉMISCOUATA-SUR-LE-LAC, QC, March 18, 2019 /CNW/ - The governments of Canada and Quebec recognize the importance of having good recreational infrastructure that encourages people to adopt healthy lifestyles and helps make communities vibrant inclusive places to live.
The Honorable François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Infrastructure and Communities, and Andrée Laforest, Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing, confirmed government funding of almost $9.6 million for an arena in the Cabano area, and a community, sports and events centre in the Notre-Dame-du-Lac area.
The Phil Latulippe Arena, which collapsed in April 2017, will be rebuilt to include a rink, seating for some 800 people, team change rooms, a restaurant, a sharpening shop and administrative offices. The new community, sports and events centre will include multi-purpose rooms, an inter-generational space and parking for some 125 vehicles. It will also house a Claude Béchard Highway interpretation centre. Once the work is completed, residents of Témiscouata-sur-le-Lac will be able to enjoy a broader range of sports and recreational activities in spacious modern facilities.
"Local governments know best what their communities need. It was by listening and being flexible that it was possible to amend this Témiscouata-sur-le-Lac project to rebuild the arena and build a community centre. Investing in recreational facilities is vital to fostering healthy lifestyles and helping build dynamic communities."
"By working together with its municipal partners, our government took concrete steps to improve the quality of life of its citizens. Investing in facilities and the diversification of sports, recreational and cultural services contributes to enhancing the appeal of cities and regions."
"Our government wishes to ensure widespread access to sports and recreational infrastructure. It is a way of encouraging people, particularly our youth, to regularly engage in physical activities, which is part of a physically active lifestyle. Above all, we want these facilities to meet people's needs and circumstances. This investment in Témiscouata-sur-le-Lac is a perfect example of that."
"Our government is attuned to the realities of its regions and proud to contribute to this sports infrastructure project. This necessary investment will allow us to meet the needs of Témiscouata citizens and sport organizations."
"We are delighted with the governments' announcement, as this project will provide additional facilities and forward-looking infrastructure in line with our residents' capacity to pay."
In May 2017, the governments of Canada and Quebec announced funding of approximately $9.6 million to renovate and expand the Jacques Dubé Arena to include a community centre. Although the City of Témiscouata-sur-le-Lac has amended its project since this announcement, government financial assistance has remained unchanged.
This financial support comes from the New Building Canada Fund, Provincial-Territorial Infrastructure Component—Small Communities Fund, a federal‒provincial program coordinated by Infrastructure Canada in partnership with the provinces and territories. In Quebec, the Fund is administered by the Quebec Department of Municipal Affairs and Housing. The goal of this program is to provide financial support to Canadian municipalities with fewer than 100,000 residents to develop infrastructure that enhance their cultural, sports, recreational, and tourism assets or safeguard public assets.
Through the Investing in Canada infrastructure plan, the Government of Canada is investing more than $180 billion over 12 years in public transit projects, green infrastructure, social infrastructure, trade and transportation routes, and Canada's rural and northern communities. $25.3 billion of this funding is supporting social infrastructure in Canadian communities.
Quebec's 2018-2028 Infrastructure Plan calls for nearly $7.3 billion in investments in municipal infrastructure under the Quebec Department of Municipal Affairs and Housing. When combined with contributions from the Government of Canada and municipalities, this means over $14.3 billion will be invested in municipal infrastructure in Quebec over this period. | https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/canada-and-quebec-help-enhance-sports-and-recreational-opportunities-in-temiscouata-sur-le-lac-812897875.html |
Last Updated on March 26, 2022
Can you believe that winter is almost over?
I am sure you are looking forward to warmer days ahead.
If you want to enjoy some delicious soup during these cold months, then this recipe is perfect for you.
This Butternut Squash soup is packed with nutrients and tastes amazing.
Butternut squash has become very popular lately because of its versatility.
It can be cooked in a variety of ways and is also great for baking.
The taste of this vegetable is sweet and nutty.
This soup is simple to prepare and takes only 20 minutes to cook.
It contains ingredients such as onion, garlic, ginger, cumin, coriander, cinnamon, cardamom, cloves, bay leaves, thyme, parsley, salt, pepper, olive oil, and water.
All you need to do is chop the vegetables and add them to a pot along with the spices.
Then cover the pot and let it simmer for 15 minutes.
After that, you can serve the soup hot or chilled
Is It Safe to Can Homemade Soup?
Homemade soup is delicious and nutritious but if you are not careful about how you store your homemade soup, it could spoil quickly. This is especially true if you are using canned vegetables and fruits. Canned vegetables and fruits are usually packed in brine solution. Brining helps preserve the quality of the produce. However, if you leave the cans open after the expiration date, the contents will begin to ferment and turn sour. This process is called “canning”. Once the fermentation occurs, the taste becomes very strong and bitter. In addition, the texture of the canned vegetables and fruits become mushy. So, what is the best way to store homemade soup? Here are some tips: 1. Store your homemade soup in airtight containers. Make sure the container is tightly sealed. 2. Do not refrigerate your soup. Refrigerating your soup will only encourage the growth of bacteria.
Steps to Canning Butternut Squash Soup
Canning is a great way to preserve food. It is a safe method of preserving food because it does not involve any chemicals. It is a good idea to follow these steps when canning food. 1. Wash the squash thoroughly. Remove the seeds and cut the squash into cubes. 2. Put the cubed squash into a saucepan and fill it with enough water to cover the squash. Bring the water to a boil and let it simmer until the squash is soft.
How NOT to Can Homemade Butternut Squash Soup
Homemade butternut squash soup is delicious and nutritious. However, if you are planning to can homemade butternut squash soup, here are some tips to avoid spoiling your canned soup. 1. Make sure that the vegetables used in making the soup are free from bacteria. This can be done by washing the vegetables well before using them. 2. Use only clean jars for canning. Do not use old jars or jars that have been previously used for other types of preserves.
How to Heat & Serve Canned Butternut Squash Soup
To serve canned butternut squash soup hot, place the cans in a saucepan filled with enough cold water to cover the top of the cans by 1 inch. Bring the water to a rolling boil over medium-high heat. Reduce the heat to low and simmer until heated through, about 10 minutes. Remove the cans from the pan and set aside to cool slightly. Carefully remove the lids and drain any remaining liquid into a bowl. Discard the contents of the cans. To reheat the soup, return the cans to the same saucepan and add enough additional water to completely submerge the cans. Bring the water to boiling over medium-high heat and reduce the heat to low. Simmer until heated through, about 5 minutes. Remove the cans and discard the contents.
Microwave
If you wish to reheat the soup after it has been cooled, simply put the cans back into the microwave and heat on high for 2 minutes. This will warm the soup to serving temperature.
Stovetop
To reheat the soup, place the cans back into the pot and heat on medium for 5 minutes. This will warm it to serving temperature.
Instant Pot
To reheat the soup, press cancel, open the lid, turn the vent dial to sealing position, set the timer for 10 minutes, and press manual/pressure cook. After 10 minutes, let the pressure release naturally for 15 minutes. Once done, remove the lid and press cancel. Press the saute button to bring the soup to a simmer. Let sit for another 2 minutes. Serve hot.
Slow Cooker
If you want to reheat the soup, place the slow cooker insert into a pan filled with warm water. Turn the slow cooker to low and wait until the water comes to a gentle simmer. Remove from heat and allow to cool for 5 minutes. Place the lid back on the slow cooker and leave it alone for 3 hours. Once done, remove from heat and press cancel. Press saute button to bring to a simmer. Let stand for another 2 minutes.
Alternative Methods To Storing Butternut Squash Soup
You can store butternut squash soup in the refrigerator for up to five days. It can also be frozen for up to three months.
In the Fridge
Butternut squash soup freezes well. You can freeze it in individual portions or in containers. Freezing preserves the flavor and texture of the soup. To Freeze 1. Remove the seeds from the cooked butternut squash.
Freeze Your Soup
You can freeze your soup in individual servings or in containers. To freeze your soup, follow these steps: • Put the frozen soup into freezer bags or containers. • Label each bag or container with the name of the recipe and the date you froze it. • Store the frozen soup in the freezer for up to 3 months.
Are there any soups you can’t can?
Yes, there are many soups that cannot be canned. For instance, tomato soup, mushroom soup, cream of celery soup, and chili con carne. These types of soups are usually thick and creamy and therefore, they tend to separate during processing. This separation results in a cloudy appearance. Also, if you try to can these types of soups, you will end up having to strain them several times during the process.
What goes well with butternut squash soup?
Butternut squash soup is a great addition to any holiday table. It is delicious served hot or cold. Butternut squash soup is perfect for fall and winter holidays because it is hearty enough to serve as a meal itself. It is also easy to make and requires only a handful of ingredients.
What can I garnish butternut squash soup with?
Garnishes are usually used to enhance the flavor and presentation of a dish. Garnishing a bowl of soup is a great way to add color and texture. Try adding chopped nuts, croutons, cheese, bacon bits, dried fruit, herbs, spices, or other toppings.
Can you store butternut squash soup?
Yes, you can water bath can butternuts squash. It is very easy to do. First cut off the top and bottom of the squash. Then put the whole thing into a baking dish and fill it with enough water to cover the squash. Bake at 350 degrees for about 45 minutes. Once cooked, remove from oven and let cool. Peel off skin and enjoy!
How do you preserve butternut squash soup?
Butternut squash is a great winter vegetable that can be stored in the refrigerator for several weeks. It keeps well if you remove any seeds from the squash prior to refrigerating it. Butternut squash is very versatile. It can be used in soups, stews, salads, and even desserts. To store butternut squash, cut off the stem end and peel the skin. Cut the squash into pieces and place it in a storage bag or container. Squash can be frozen for future use.
How long does cooked butternut squash last in the fridge?
To preserve butternut squash, simply place it into a freezer bag and freeze it. Once frozen, transfer it to a resealable plastic bag and store it in the refrigerator. It will last about 3 weeks. To reheat the soup, thaw it overnight in the fridge and then warm it in a saucepan until hot.
Can you water bath can butternut squash?
You can store butternut squash in the refrigerator for about 2 weeks. It can be stored in the freezer for 3 months. Butternut squash soup freezes well and can be thawed quickly. To freeze, place the cooked soup into containers and freeze. Once frozen, transfer the containers to a freezer bag. To thaw, remove from the freezer and let sit overnight in the fridge. | https://www.forkandspoonkitchen.org/how-to-can-butternut-squash-soup/ |
ELENA is a joint initiative by the EIB and the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 programme. ELENA provides grants for technical assistance focused on the implementation of energy efficiency, distributed renewable energy and urban transport projects and programmes.
The grant can be used to finance costs related to feasibility and market studies, programme structuring, business plans, energy audits and financial structuring, as well as to the preparation of tendering procedures, contractual arrangements and project implementation units.
The ELENA facility is led by a team of experts consisting of engineers and economists with extensive experience in the transport and energy sector. Established in 2009, the ELENA facility has awarded around EUR 100 million of EU support triggering an estimated investment of around EUR 4 billion on the ground.
What kind of projects does ELENA support?
Typically, ELENA supports programmes above EUR 30 million with a 3-year implementation period for energy efficiency and 4-year for urban transport and mobility, and can cover up to 90% of technical assistance/project development costs. Smaller projects can be supported when they are integrated into larger investment programmes.
The annual grant budget is currently around EUR 20 million. Projects are evaluated and grants allocated on a first-come-first-served basis. ELENA may co-finance investment programmes in the following fields:
Energy efficiency and distributed renewable energy
public and private buildings (including social housing), commercial and logistic properties and sites, and street and traffic lighting to support increased energy efficiency;
integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the built environment – e.g. solar photovoltaic (PV) on roof tops, solar thermal collectors and biomass;
investments into renovating, extending or building new district heating/cooling networks, including networks based on combined heat and power (CHP), decentralised CHP systems;
local infrastructure including smart grids, information and communication technology;
infrastructure for energy efficiency, energy-efficient urban equipment and link with transport;
Urban transport and mobility
investments to support the use and integration of innovative solutions for alternative fuels in urban mobility;
investments to introduce on a large-scale new, more energy-efficient transport and mobility measures in urban areas including passenger transport, freight transport, etc.;
Energy Cities created a study focused on how ELENA can help unlock investment in cities. The study found that ELENA can be beneficial to trigger investment for climate action in cities by providing the necessary push for cities and local authorities to change the way they plan their investments, and develop projects to achieve their climate objectives.
Ongoing project in Romania
District 6 Energy Efficiency for Public Buildings (D6EEPB)
Location & Beneficiary: District 6 of the Municipality of Bucharest
Total Project Development Services (PDS) cost: EUR 1,283,300
ELENA contribution: EUR 1,154,970
PDS Timeframe: February 2018 – January 2021
The Project Development Services (PDS) financed by ELENA will provide support to District 6 municipality in acceleration of the implementation of the energy efficiency (EE) investment programme for deep energy retrofit of 11 existing buildings, such as schools managed by the Municipality, and to provide support to a construction of 8 NZEB (nearly zero-energy buildings), designed for kindergartens and after-school programs, in existing school courtyards. The ELENA TA will contribute substantially to the implementation of the investment programme by bringing in missing resources and external expertise, since District 6 municipality has limited experience in energy efficiency projects for public buildings. The ELENA TA will strengthen the resources and capacities of the General Investment Department, within District 6 municipality, with external experts. ELENA TA will bring the know-how and manpower that will accelerate the investments, reaching a high level of energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy installations.
Expected results
RE generation – annual total renewable energy generation 218 MWh el and 476 MWh th
and 476 MWh Energy efficiency – annual total savings in the final energy consumption of 5.3 GWh
CO 2 reductions – annual total emission reductions of 1,370 t CO 2 eq
There is a high market replication for this ELENA supported investment programme by other municipalities in Romania. District 6 municipality of Bucharest will share its experience and results via press releases, website and articles in professional media. The project is aiming at the extensive promotion of the obtained results through replication at the level of other institutions.
See the interactive map here: http://www.eib.org/en/products/advising/elena/map.htm
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery status estimation device capable of enhancing calculation accuracy of the internal state of a secondary battery including a nonlinear region thereof.
SOLUTION: A battery status estimation device includes: current detection means for detecting a current of a secondary battery as a current measuring value; voltage detection means for detecting a terminal voltage of the secondary battery as a voltage measurement value; terminal voltage estimation means that defines a battery model of the secondary battery, and calculates a conversion state quantity by a state quantity conversion of the current measuring value and the voltage measurement value by using a state variable filter based on the battery model in order to estimate a terminal voltage of the secondary battery based on the battery model as a voltage estimation value, from the conversion state quantity; identification means for identifying a parameter of the secondary battery so that a difference between the voltage measurement value and the voltage estimation value converges to zero; and nonlinear region detection means for detecting a presence ratio of a nonlinear region in characteristics between current and voltage in the secondary battery. The terminal voltage estimation means sets a cutoff frequency of the state variable filter according to the presence ratio.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&INPIT
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery status estimation device capable of enhancing calculation accuracy of the internal state of a secondary battery including a nonlinear region thereof.
SOLUTION: A battery status estimation device includes: current detection means for detecting a current of a secondary battery as a current measuring value; voltage detection means for detecting a terminal voltage of the secondary battery as a voltage measurement value; terminal voltage estimation means that defines a battery model of the secondary battery, and calculates a conversion state quantity by a state quantity conversion of the current measuring value and the voltage measurement value by using a state variable filter based on the battery model in order to estimate a terminal voltage of the secondary battery based on the battery model as a voltage estimation value, from the conversion state quantity; identification means for identifying a parameter of the secondary battery so that a difference between the voltage measurement value and the voltage estimation value converges to zero; and nonlinear region detection means for detecting a presence ratio of a nonlinear region in characteristics between current and voltage in the secondary battery. The terminal voltage estimation means sets a cutoff frequency of the state variable filter according to the presence ratio.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&INPIT | |
Bart M. : Not too long ago I asked a band the question how it was possible that their debut album sounded so professional and brilliant. The answer was, and rightfully so, that it was actually a silly question, because: why wouldn't it? And yet, there are bands out there that you listen to and can hear that they have been around for a while. This is the case with Greenleaf, who have just finished their seventh studio album. The follow-up of 2016's 'Rise Above The Meadow' is called 'Hear The Rivers'.
Opening track 'Let It Out!' starts off with a nice little tempo of drums that is accompanied by hypnotizing guitars, the sound of which will stick to the insides of your ears like sweet honey as it slowly but steadily crawls deeper into your head until it reaches the caverns of your skull just in time to get you ready for the more explosive part of the song. Arvid's pleasant voice will have a soothing effect on the listener and fits the instrumentation perfectly. All in all it is reminiscent of the laid-backness with which Masters Of Reality deliver their songs, but of course this is done the way of the Greenleaf.
The tone is set, but that does not mean there are no more surprises left! The next song, 'Sweet Is The Sound', for instance, sports vocals that sound a lot like the lamenting voices of slaves singing, supported by heavier than lead riffage as the irreversible downfall of humankind is being sung about. As we progress further down into the album, different emotions and ideas are explored, ranging from the somewhat downcast, Sabbathesque 'In The Caverns Below' to the treacherous, very touching 'A Point Of A Secret'. All of this is wrapped in heavy, groovy melodies that transfer a grand, coherent feeling as the notes keep coming and the music washes over you like a lapping creek here and a furious ocean there.
Despite the mirth that is showing through some of the songs, Greenleaf manages to evoke a rather melancholy atmosphere which gives the music an attractive, dark edge. Occasionally it tends to lean towards the monotonous side, but this rapidly disappears when you listen to this psychedelic stoner rock more often. An impressive opus. | http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/en/reviews/view/id/37954 |
Travel Required:
Relocation Provided:
Job Posting End Date:Not Available
Shift:
Job Description Summary:Principal Financial Systems Analyst role is in the Company's Consolidations, Capital and Reporting Group, responsible for the collection, consolidation and reporting of total Company financial results. This team performs system configuration for the Company's Financial Consolidation reporting systems and interfaces used to collect and consolidate worldwide financial, volume, year-end data, forecast and business plan data.
Function Related Activities/Key Responsibilities
- Understand system functionality including the impact to consolidated results and reporting
- Support the Financial Consolidation system updates including updating, testing and reviews
- Provide system related guidance to Finance Operation teams, including global communications. Finance Operation teams include Consolidations, Capital, and Reporting, Tax, Corporate Treasury, Accounting Research, Financial Services and global field locations
Consolidation System Stewardship
- Steward governance and update processes for Financial Consolidation application controls
- Evaluate master data, statutory and business change impacts on application controls and develop and unit test the solution components to ensure functionality, performance and completeness
- Lead year-end and quarterly supplemental change management processes used to collect required data for disclosure
- Conduct information-gathering sessions with Tax, Risk Management and other business clients needed to scope change requirements
- Communicate system changes to stakeholders via governance processes
Financial Consolidation Systems
- Responsible for system set-up processes, application monitoring, interface maintenance and security provisioning for the Financial Consolidation system and Financial Information Management application
- Provide user support and troubleshooting to global users during financial close periods (month-end, quarter-end, year-end)
- Perform data extraction, identification, research and validation of data integrity issues and provide timely resolutions
- Participate in global process improvement initiatives, continuous improvement and Global IT initiated system changes
- Conduct on-boarding and further development of new and existing associates
In this role the individual will be expected to grow exponentially in the following areas:
- Individual will gain unique exposure to the Company's consolidated results
- Individual will gain further knowledge of Company's accounting and other reporting routines
- Interact with other teams within and outside the Finance Operations, as well as across the globe
- Build knowledge of the Financial Consolidation system, its interfaces and financial close and review processes and assimilate and apply new job-related information in a timely manner
- Advance multi-tasking abilities
- Seek out new development opportunities to enhance job performance, productivity and skills
- Access and build relationships with senior leaders (CGO, Controller, Chief Accounting Officer, etc.)
Educational Requirements: Bachelor's Degree Preferred or equivalent work experience
Related Work Experience: 5+ years work experience in systems and/or accounting field preferred
- System configuration and master data change management experience required
- Strong systems knowledge exposure or aptitude (SAP, GRC and Financial Consolidation preferred)
- Generally Accepted Accounting Principles; Company Accounting knowledge preferred
- Working knowledge of Company Financial Policies and Procedures, Code of Business Conduct, Information Protection Policy, and internal policies and procedures specific to area of responsibility
- Expected 3-year commitment to the role to develop, maintain and provide technical expertise necessary for team/process stability and transfer knowledge, operating systems, and other infrastructure components to the next analyst
Our Growth Culture:
One of the reasons our company continues to thrive after 130+ years is having a company culture that supports and rewards behaviors that lead to growth. Our “Growth Behaviors,” as we call them, are ways of being and working that help to make us successful. Think about how you can bring this to life in your next role at Coca-Cola.
Curious
Keep seeking, never settle. Staying curious about what is outside, and two steps ahead inspires us to challenge the status quo. Having the courage to look and leap is the way we grow. Because asking “what if?” pushes us to the next level as people and as a company.
Empowered
Make it happen. True empowerment is the result of taking responsibility. This means giving yourself permission to see it, say it and do it, and owning the outcomes. Because we move forward faster when we all take action.
Version 1.0, 2.0, 3.0
Push for progress, not perfection. There are very few overnight successes. Greatness is borne of many little victories (and failures). Share v 1.0, test it, and make it better. Then create the next version. Because the moment we think something is perfect, it will be obsolete. | https://careers.coca-colacompany.com/jobs/R-31287/cocacolacompanyRMS/atlanta-ga/finance/principal-financial-systems-analyst/ |
Written by Phil Taylor, MA Education and Maters in Teaching and Learning Course Director, Education, Pedagogy and Professional Studies Co-ordinator
The newly-formed Practitioner Education Research Cluster within the Faculty of Health Education and Life Sciences has begun to share and discuss ideas on professionalism and professional identity. This is bringing together perspectives from across different disciplines and practices, drawing on experience in diverse healthcare and teaching roles. Our initial stimuli for re-thinking professionalism have come from two articles, by Hargreaves (2000) and Stronach et al (2002), which over a decade ago drew attention to debates that are still current and ongoing. While agreeing that notions of professionalism are multiple and difficult to pin-down, some common themes and interesting differences have started to emerge from our discussions. My reflections on this process so far, still in its early days, are written from an educational perspective, though the opportunity to listen to and learn from healthcare experiences has already been invigorating.
First, we have shared the notion that professions do not pre-exist as entities, but arise from occupational groups with common goals, experiences, expertise, qualifications and language. Professionalism entails the acquisition of knowledge and skills specific to an occupation or discipline, but further, application of this expertise to contexts and clients is of crucial importance. This has the potential to be a source of confidence to ourselves as professionals and also to those we care for or educate as our clients, patients, learners. Professionalism, as discussed by our research cluster, therefore becomes inextricably linked to ways of meeting the needs of others, providing public service or benefit and fulfilling a greater good, working with others ethically and responsibly. Commonly expressed values in building positive relationships with others were trust, partnership and empathy.
There are also emergent tensions in the ideas we have shared, between professionalism in a culture of openness and trust where problems are shared and resolved in teams, and professionalism as a set of standards to be complied with and used for accountability purposes. One member of our cluster spoke of expectations of ‘being professional’, seemingly important to members of professions, used as both stick and carrot. Also mentioned were political interference and hyper-accountability as eroding professionalism and leading to more entrepreneurial and instrumental professional identities. We began to explore the possibility that professionalism can create barriers or boundaries as well as forge relationships, perhaps exemplified by expressions such as ‘overstepping the mark’, or ‘beyond my pay grade’. This connects to experiences of some occupational or practitioner groups not always being considered as ‘professionals’ in the same way or with the same status as others with whom they work, for example teachers, early years practitioners and teaching assistants in schools.
Some of these tensions resonate with Stronach et al’s (2002, p.131) characterisation of the professional situation of teachers and nurses as ‘unstable’, with particular emphasis on the potentially negative impact on professional motivation brought about by audit cultures. For Hargreaves (2000), in teaching, these are symptoms of ‘de-professionalization’ along with the lessening role of higher education in initial teacher education risking practice that:
‘can at best only be reproduced, not improved’ (p.168).
Hargreaves’ (2000, p.175) solution of a ‘postmodern professionalism that opens schools and teachers up to parents and the public’ is apparently not favoured by Stronach et al (2002, p.130), who link this position to discourses of performativity, effectiveness and improvement. Both articles associate stronger professionalism with greater trust but, in my reading, divergence appears over issues of how to build and motivate this trust.
Hargreaves’ (2000) solution to de-professionalisation, for ‘professional effectiveness and public credibility’, is for teachers to ‘set and meet an exacting set of professional standards of practice‘ (p.171, italics in original), recognising this as a ‘paradoxical challenge’ (p.176). For Stronach et al (2002) such standards of practice seem to invoke a deficit model that risks demotivation, insisting that healthy practice ‘needs exercise rather than medication’ (p.132). They conclude that professionalism relies on ‘positive trust’ rather than ‘performance ranking’ (Stronach et al, 2002, p.131) and that
‘excellence can only be motivated, it cannot be coerced’ (p.132).
For a group of academics and practitioner educators, perhaps a key to both fostering this motivation and re-defining professionalism lies in another theme arising from our research cluster discussions; one with which I think both Hargreaves and Stronach et al might concur. That is, a commitment to continual learning.
References:
Hargreaves, A. (2000) Four Ages of Professionalism and Professional Learning. Teachers and Teaching, 6(2), 151–182.
Stronach, I., Corbin, B., McNamara, O., Stark, S., & Warne, T. (2002) Towards an uncertain politics of professionalism: teacher and nurse identities in flux. Journal of Education Policy, 17(1), 109–138. | http://blogs.bcu.ac.uk/education/tag/practitioner/ |
This year Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, the European Commission and the Nordic Council of Ministers are hosting the Ninth Clean Energy Ministerial and Third Mission Innovation Ministerial (CEM9/MI-3). Major economies from around the globe are meeting in the cities of Copenhagen and Malmö May 23 – 24, 2018 to accelerate the green transition.
In addition to a number of official side events in connection with the ministerial meetings, diverse energy related activities will take place in the Greater Copenhagen region during what is known as “Nordic Clean Energy Week, May 21 – 24, 2018”. Nordic Clean Energy Week is co-hosted by Sweden and Denmark. During the week, politicians, researchers, business and industry will gather to discuss future energy solutions.
You can look forward to numerous exciting and useful events focusing on the clean energy transition and integration of clean energy, which take place at various locations throughout Copenhagen and Malmö. Join decision-makers and contribute to the dialogue about:
– Using energy sustainably in the production and transportation sectors
– Mobilizing investments in clean energy technologies, solutions development and deployment
– Improving the policy framework and innovation systems for the development of clean energy technologies
Together with our fellow Nordic countries, we are highly pleased to host the largest energy ministerial meetings to-date. Media from all over the world will converge on the Greater Copenhagen region to cover the ministerial meetings and side events. Representatives of the region’s most innovative, dynamic and cutting-edge technology and research organizations are ready to share the latest cleantech and clean energy news with you. | https://nordiccleanenergyweek.com/about/ |
Executive function is associated with diabetes-specific disordered eating in young adults with type 1 diabetes.
Disordered eating behavior in young adults with type 1 diabetes is overrepresented and associated with significant negative health consequences. Thus, determining the key correlates of these behaviors is essential. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between executive function and disordered eating in young adults with type 1 diabetes, relative to a control group without diabetes. 74 young adults with type 1 diabetes and 201 demographically similar control participants completed an online survey containing the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Diabetes Eating Problems Survey- Revised (DEPS-R), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function- Adult version, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, and 3 subscales of the Family Environment Scale (independence, control, and cohesion). Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that lower executive function was associated with significantly greater disordered eating (as measured by the DEPS-R) over and above psychological and family functioning in the type 1 diabetes group (ΔR2 = 0.056, β = 0.366, p = .031). The same relationship was not found when disordered eating was measured by the EDE-Q in either the diabetes group (ΔR2 = 0.049, β = 0.342, p = .054), or the control group (ΔR2 = 0.010, β = 0.136, p = .100). Executive function may play a greater role in the development and/or maintenance of disordered eating in groups with type 1 diabetes relative to those without. This relationship may contribute to the over-representation of eating problems in this clinical group, and may represent a target for prevention or intervention.
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- Is existence a property?
- How do the properties of an object relate to the object itself?
Build on XML’s ability to define customized tagging schemes and RDF’s flexible approach to representing data.
The first level above RDF required for the Semantic Web is an ontology language what can formally describe the meaning of terminology used in Web documents; beyond the basic semantics of RDF Schema.
- XML provides a surface syntax for structured documents, but imposes no semantic constraints on the meaning of these documents.
- XML Schema is a language for restricting the structure of XML documents and also extends XML with datatypes.
- RDF is a datamodel for objects (“resources”) and relations between them, provides a simple semantics for this datamodel, and these datamodels can be represented in an XML syntax.
- RDF Schema is a vocabulary for describing properties and classes of RDF resources, with a semantics for generalization-hierarchies of such properties and classes.
- OWL adds more vocabulary for describing properties and classes: among others, relations between classes (e.g. disjointness), cardinality (e.g. “exactly one”), equality, richer typing of properties, characteristics of properties (e.g. symmetry), and enumerated classes.
http://www.w3.org/2003/08/owlfaq
Q. What does the acronym “OWL” stand for?
A. Actually, OWL is not a real acronym. The language started out as the “Web Ontology Language” but the Working Group disliked the acronym “WOL.” We decided to call it OWL. The Working Group became more comfortable with this decision when one of the members pointed out the following justification for this decision from the noted ontologist A.A. Milne who, in his influential book “Winnie the Pooh” stated of the wise character OWL:
“He could spell his own name WOL, and he could spell Tuesday so that you knew it wasn’t Wednesday…”
Ontologies are often equated with taxonomic hierarchies of classes, class definitions, and the subsumption relation, but ontologies need not be limited to these forms. Ontologies are also not limited to conservative definitions — that is, definitions in the traditional logic sense that only introduce terminology and do not add any knowledge about the world. To specify a conceptualization, one needs to state axioms that do constrain the possible interpretations for the defined terms.
ontology in a functional frame.
not gonna say i disagree.
Werner Ceusters has noted the confusion caused by the significant differences in the meaning of word ontology when used by philosophy compared with the use of the word ontology in computer science, and advocates for greater precision in use of the word ontology so that members of the various disciplines using various definitions of the word ontology can communicate. He writes ‘before one is able to answer the question ‘what is an ontology?’, one must provide first an answer to the question ‘what does the word ontology mean?’.
Pizza has base?
- RDF/XML is the normative syntax and should be used to exchange information between systems.
- Notice that ontology does not have to express all the possible constraints – the level of details in conceptualization depends on the requirements of the intended application and expressing conceptualization in ontology in addition depends on the used ontology language.
- Every knowledge base, knowledge-based system or agent is committed to some conceptualization, explicitly or implicitly. For these systems, what “exists” is what can be represented.
http://www.obitko.com/tutorials/ontologies-semantic-web/owl-dl-semantics.html
Ontology
- what entities exist or can be said to exist
- how such entities can be grouped, related within a hierarchy,
- subdivided according to similarities and differences
Some philosophers contend that all nouns (including abstract nouns) refer to existent entities. Other philosophers contend that nouns do not always name entities, but that some provide a kind of shorthand for reference to a collection of either objects or events.
- mind, instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of mental events experienced by a person;
- society refers to a collection of persons with some shared characteristics, and
- geometry refers to a collection of a specific kind of intellectual activity.
Some fundamental questions
Principal questions of ontology include:
- “What can be said to exist?”
- “Into what categories, if any, can we sort existing things?”
- “What are the meanings of being?”
- “What are the various modes of being of entities?”
One common approach is to divide the extant subjects and predicates into groups called categories. The categories are, properly speaking, the ways in which a being can be addressed simply as a being, such as
- what it is (its ‘whatness’, quidditas or essence)
- how it is (its ‘howness’ or qualitativeness), how much it is (quantitativeness)
- where it is
- its relatedness to other beings, etc
Further examples of ontological questions include:
- What is existence, i.e. what does it mean for a being to be ?
- Is existence a property?
- Is existence a genus or general class that is simply divided up by specific differences?
- Which entities, if any, are fundamental?
- Are all entities objects?
- How do the properties of an object relate to the object itself?
- What features are the essential, as opposed to merely accidental attributes of a given object?
- How many levels of existence or ontological levels are there? And what constitutes a ‘level’?
- What is a physical object?
- Can one give an account of what it means to say that a physical object exists?
- Can one give an account of what it means to say that a non-physical entity exists?
- What constitutes the identity of an object?
- When does an object go out of existence, as opposed to merely changing?
- Do beings exist other than in the modes of objectivity and subjectivity, i.e. is the subject/object split of modern philosophy inevitable?
Concepts
Essential ontological dichotomies include:
- universals and particulars
- substance and accident
- abstract and concrete objects
- essence and existence
- determinism and indeterminism
Types
Philosophers can classify ontologies in various ways using criteria such as the degree of abstraction and field of application:
- Upper ontology: concepts supporting development of an ontology, meta-ontology
- Domain ontology: concepts relevant to a particular topic or area of interest, for example, information technology or computer languages, or particular branches of science
- Interface ontology: concepts relevant to the juncture of two disciplines
- Process ontology: inputs, outputs, constraints, sequencing information, involved in business or engineering processes
Heidegger distinguished human being as existence from the being of things in the world. Heidegger proposes that our way of being human and the way the world is for us are cast historically through a fundamental ontological questioning. These fundamental ontological categories provide the basis for communication in an age: a horizon of unspoken and seemingly unquestionable background meanings, such as human beings understood unquestioningly as subjects and other entities understood unquestioningly as objects. Because these basic ontological meanings both generate and are regenerated in everyday interactions, the locus of our way of being in a historical epoch is the communicative event of language in use. For Heidegger, however, communication in the first place is not among human beings, but language itself shapes up in response to questioning (the inexhaustible meaning of) being.Even the focus of traditional ontology on the ‘whatness’ or ‘quidditas’ of beings in their substantial, standing presence can be shifted to pose the question of the ‘wholeness’ of human being itself.How to determine the ‘fitness’ of a ‘language’ to the world then becomes a subject for investigation.
Reality and actuality
According to A.N. Whitehead, for ontology, it is useful to distinguish the terms ‘reality’ and ‘actuality’.
- There is no going behind an actual entity, to find something more fundamental in fact or in efficacy. This criterion is to be regarded as expressing an axiom, or postulated distinguished doctrine.
- An actual entity must be completely determinate in the sense that there can be no confusion about its identity that would allow it to be confounded with another actual entity. In this sense an actual entity is completely concrete, with no potential to be something other than itself. It is what it is. It is of course a source of potentiality for the creation of other actual entities, of which it may be said to be a part cause. Likewise it is the concretion or realization of potentialities of other actual entities which are its partial causes.
- Causation between actual entities is essential to their actuality. Consequently, for Whitehead, each actual entity has its distinct and definite extension in physical Minkowski space, and so is uniquely identifiable. A description in Minkowski space supports descriptions in time and space for particular observers.
- It is part of the aim of the philosophy of such an ontology as Whitehead’s that the actual entities should be all alike, qua actual entities; they should all satisfy a single definite set of well stated ontological criteria of actuality.
- Whitehead proposed that his notion of an occasion of experience satisfies the criteria for its status as the philosophically preferred definition of an actual entity.
- From a purely logical point of view, each occasion of experience has in full measure the characters of both objective and subjective reality.
- Subjectivity and objectivity refer to different aspects of an occasion of experience, and in no way do they exclude each other.[22
Examples of other philosophical proposals or candidates as actual entities, in this view, are Aristotle’s ‘substances’, Leibniz’ monads, and Descartes ′res verae’ , and the more modern ‘states of affairs’.
- Aristotle’s substances, such as Socrates, have behind them as more fundamental the ‘primary substances’, and in this sense do not satisfy Whitehead’s criteria.
- Whitehead is not happy with L Leibniz’ monads are “windowless” and do not cause each other.
- ‘States of affairs’ are often not closely defined, often without specific mention of extension in physical Minkowski space; they are therefore not necessarily processes of becoming, but may be as their name suggests, simply static states in some sense.
- States of affairs are contingent on particulars, and are therefore have something behind them.
- One summary of the Whiteheadian actual entity is that it is a process of becoming.
- Another summary, referring to its causal linkage to other actual entities, is that it is “all window”, in contrast with Leibniz’ windowless monads. they have existence as abstractions, with reality only derived from their reference to actual entities.
- A Whiteheadian actual entity has a unique and completely definite place and time.
- Whiteheadian abstractions are not so tightly defined in time and place, and in the extreme, some are timeless and placeless, or ‘eternal’ entities. All abstractions have logical or conceptual rather than efficacious existence; their lack of definite time does not make them unreal if they refer to actual entities. Whitehead calls this ‘the ontological principle’.
Ontology (information science)
- set of types
- set of properties
- set of relationship types
There is also generally an expectation that the features of the model in an ontology should closely resemble the real world (related to the object). What many ontologies have in common in both computer science and in philosophy is the representation of entities, ideas, and events, along with their properties and relations, according to a system of categories. According to Gruber (1993):
Ontologies are often equated with taxonomic hierarchies of classes, class definitions, and the subsumption relation, but ontologies need not be limited to these forms. Ontologies are also not limited to conservative definitions — that is, definitions in the traditional logic sense that only introduce terminology and do not add any knowledge about the world. To specify a conceptualization, one needs to state axioms that do constrain the possible interpretations for the defined terms.
Components
Contemporary ontologies share many structural similarities, regardless of the language in which they are expressed. As mentioned above, most ontologies describe individuals (instances), classes (concepts), attributes, and relations. In this section each of these components is discussed in turn. Common components of ontologies include:
- Individuals: instances or objects (the basic or “ground level” objects)
- Classes: sets, collections, concepts, classes in programming, types of objects, or kinds of things
- Attributes: aspects, properties, features, characteristics, or parameters that objects (and classes) can have
- Relations: ways in which classes and individuals can be related to one another
- Function terms: complex structures formed from certain relations that can be used in place of an individual term in a statement
- Restrictions: formally stated descriptions of what must be true in order for some assertion to be accepted as input
- Rules: statements in the form of an if-then (antecedent-consequent) sentence that describe the logical inferences that can be drawn from an assertion in a particular form
- Axioms: assertions (including rules) in a logical form that together comprise the overall theory that the ontology describes in its domain of application. This definition differs from that of “axioms” in generative grammar and formal logic. In those disciplines, axioms include only statements asserted as a priori knowledge. As used here, “axioms” also include the theory derived from axiomatic statements
- Events: the changing of attributes or relations
Ontologies are commonly encoded using ontology languages.
OWL DL Semantics
Let us illustrate the use of OWL vocabulary on an example ontology (inspired by OWL Pizzas): “Pizza has PizzaBase as its base; Pizza is disjoint with PizzaBase; NonVegetarianPizza is exactly Pizza that is not VegetarianPizza; isIngredientOf is a transitive property; isIngredientOf is inverse of hasIngredient”. The example expressed in the description logic syntax follows: The same example expressed using OWL Abstract Syntax formulates the same information using LISP-like notation, and in addition uses URI for identification of all classes and properties:
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Namespace(p = <http://example.com/pizzas.owl#>)
Ontology( <http://example.com/pizzas.owl#>
Class(p:Pizza partial
restriction(p:hasBase someValuesFrom(p:PizzaBase)))
DisjointClasses(p:Pizza p:PizzaBase)
Class(p:NonVegetarianPizza complete
intersectionOf(p:Pizza complementOf(p:VegetarianPizza)))
ObjectProperty(p:isIngredientOf Transitive
inverseOf(p:hasIngredient))
)
When embedding the example OWL ontology to RDF, every statement must be converted to triples – see the figure below. For example, the ∃R.C restriction is formed by anonymous resource of type
owl:Restriction. This anonymous resource (blank node) is a subject for two properties
owl:onProperty and
owl:someValuesFrom that relate the restriction relation (property) and concept (class). The anonymous resource is then used to be related to the constrained class (by
rdfs:subClassOf in our case). The example expressed in triples and serialized in N3 follows:
Pizza OWL ontology expressed in RDF triples
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@prefix : <http://example.com/pizzas.owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
:Pizza rdfs:subClassOf
[ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasBase ;
owl:someValuesFrom :PizzaBase ] ;
owl:disjointWith :PizzaBase .
:NonVegetarianPizza owl:equivalentClass
[ owl:intersectionOf
( [owl:complementOf :VegetarianPizza]
:Pizza ) ] .
:isIngredientOf
a owl:TransitiveProperty , owl:ObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf :hasIngredient . | https://www.jsosoft.com/dev/ |
Language and Languages
Mora’s poem ‘‘Elena’’ is concerned with the narrator’s native language of Spanish and the English language of her adoptive country, the United States. For Elena, these two languages are symbolic of the conflict between the familiarity of her native land and the challenges posed by relocating to a new country. The Spanish language for Elena is comfortable and familiar, the language in which she recalls the early years of her children’s lives. It is the language of memory for her. Power over the English language is something Elena’s children, now in high school, have achieved. Elena’s inability to master the new language is a source of shame, embarrassment, frustration, and fear. Elena can no longer comprehend everything her children say to one another, and she is left out of their jokes. She is uncomfortable with being unable to understand her children’s recounting of the day’s events. Elena feels excluded because she cannot participate in conversations with her children. Furthermore, the fact that her children have mastered the English language demonstrates the level at which Elena perceives them to be assimilated into their new country.
The negative feelings Mora attributes to Elena convey the narrator’s sense of being left behind by her children, who have, through the learning of the English language, become something that she is not; they are truly Americans. Excluded as she is from this transition from immigrant to American, Elena persists in her struggle to learn English. She finds the words difficult to say and is embarrassed when people laugh at her efforts. As frustrated and ashamed as Elena feels, she also understands the power the English language holds for her. Without this mastery, she fears that she will be unable to help her children when they need her. The English language represents Elena’s future, while Spanish is the language of her past. Elena struggles to find a way to employ both languages successfully in the present.
Isolation
The narrator’s sense of isolation in the poem ‘‘Elena’’ is a palpable thing, conveyed through Mora’s imagery and word choice. The source of Elena’s isolation is the English language, as it is spoken fluently by her children but remains a mystery to Elena. From the beginning of the poem, Mora demonstrates the narrator’s sense of insufficiency and the feelings of exclusion generated by her inability to master the English language. Her own language, Spanish, is described as not being enough any longer. Before describing Elena’s current troubles, Mora depicts a past in which the relationship between Elena and her children is whole, characterized by mutual understanding. Set against this backdrop, Elena’s present state of isolation is more clearly understood. Her sense of exclusion is heightened by her knowledge that in the past, her relationship with her children was one in which she felt connected to them. Now, with the children speaking English and her inability to understand their conversations, that feeling of connection is diminished. Elena fears that this connection may be lost completely.
Mora describes a scene in which the children are seated at the kitchen table, laughing together, while Elena is alone, standing next to the stove, feeling mute and foolish. Elena’s physical separation from her children in this image underscores her emotional sense of separation from them. Her isolation intensifies when, as she tries to learn English, her husband frowns upon her efforts, and people, her children included, laugh at the way she mispronounces the English words she struggles so hard to learn. Mora further demonstrates Elena’s sense of exclusion when Elena describes how she locks herself away in the bathroom in order to practice her English without a jeering audience. At the end of the poem, Elena’s isolation is demonstrated to be a source of intense anxiety for her, as she reveals her fears of not being able to help her children in times of trouble. Without the power of the English language, Elena is set apart from her children, unable to share in the joy and pain of life with them.
Source Credits: | https://jottedlines.com/elena-by-pat-mora-themes/ |
Seoul Accord Documents > Section C - Guidelines
Section D, Seoul Accord Graduate Attributes, describes the profile of graduates of the computing and IT-related programs within the scope of the Seoul Accord. The attributes document may be modified from time to time as deemed important according to the procedures for modifying Guidelines specified in the Rules and Procedures.
The applicant must meet all the requirements set out in the Rules and Procedures (Section B). The documentation provided on the accreditation/recognition system should include the following sections:
Assessing equivalence of professional preparation is a complex matter. The experience of the existing Signatories is that an assessment based on documentation is only a first step – necessary but not sufficient. Confidence can be achieved only through a detailed evaluation, including close interaction and planned visits to observe accreditation/recognition procedures.
In particular, it is difficult to define on paper the standard to which graduates must be able to exercise the required attributes. The same words can embrace a wide range of standards. Documentation can describe criteria and procedures; but standards can be reliably judged only by experienced people through live interaction. Therefore applicants must give the opportunity for the Mentors, and some other Signatories, to be present at key decision points where the quality of student learning is evaluated against accreditation/recognition criteria.
Ultimately, the applicant must demonstrate that the level and content of the studies of accredited/recognised programmes are Substantially Equivalent to those of the current Signatories in preparing graduates to enter a computing or IT-related profession. Therefore, the program must be offered at an appropriate tertiary-level institution. The duration of academic formation will normally be at least sixteen years.
Accreditation/recognition systems should adhere to the following general characteristics:
Accord members may provide support, advice, and guidance through voluntary mentoring to jurisdictions that are anticipating making formal application for Provisional or full member status to the Accord.
Accreditation/recognition bodies sometimes contract the services of a consultant to provide them with support in the development of accreditation/recognition systems and qualification standards. These consultants are paid a fee for their services and are not recognised as representatives of the Signatories of the Accord. If a professional/ accreditation/recognition body chooses to contract the services of a consultant they must do so at their own risk. If a Signatory is providing consultancy support to an accreditation/recognition body it must inform other Signatories so as to declare any pecuniary interest.
Accreditation/recognition bodies may approach Signatories directly to request support through a mentoring arrangement. If Signatories accept this request then they must inform the Secretariat so that other Signatories are made aware of the mentoring arrangement. The Accord, as a whole, cannot be responsible for the quality of advice and support provided through such a mentoring arrangement.
Principle 2. Expectations for Conduct of Evaluation Reviews Abroad
Accord Signatories will:
Principle 3. Quality Assurance of Online and Web-based Instruction and programs
Accord Signatories will:
Principle 4. Responsibilities to Students and Colleagues
Accord Signatories will: | http://seoulaccord.org/document.php?id=80 |
Mission: Add beauty to the world by creating high quality art work accessible to all.
Transcending time, the works of Ducros permeate sensitivity. Utilising unpredictable juxtapositions of contemporary elements within a "Beaux Arts" universe, she addresses the child as well as the purity within each of us. Her works represent the beauty of the human mystery through a sensual harmony that touches vulnerability.
Convinced that beauty inspires calm and brings peace and healing, she invests in Therapeutic Art and presents her creations where they contribute to the common well-being.
Ducros defines her work as holistic art. Her works encourage compassionate internal dialogue founded on the notion of the "globality of the human being": physical, emotional, mental and spiritual. | https://www.ducrosart.com/the-artist |
The Nature & Trails Department staff works closely with many community groups while restoring natural area parks and providing educational opportunities for the public. These groups are also a great watershed and/or stewardship resource for individuals and the community at large.
The Friends of the Tualatin Hills Nature Park work with staff to inspire a love of the Tualatin Hills Nature Park, as well as participation in its care and protection. The Friends engage the local community in support of park activities, with a focus on increasing awareness of the environment, organizing fundraising opportunities and promoting volunteerism.
There is no cost to join, but Friends are encouraged to participate in park activities through advocacy, donations and volunteering. Join the Friends via email or stop by the Tualatin Hills Nature Center to fill out an application.
Saturday, March 9, at 9:30 a.m. - Snap a picture of local wildlife while joining the Friends for a moderately-paced walk that will cover up to 2 miles of trails (all ages welcome).
Sunday, March 24, at 10 a.m. - Meet some community members and get some exercise with a fast-paced walk that will cover 4.5 miles of trails (ages 10+ welcome).
Sunday, April 14, at 10 a.m. - Meet some community members and get some exercise with a fast-paced walk that will cover 4.5 miles of trails (ages 10+ welcome).
Saturday, April 20, at 9:30 a.m. - Snap a picture of local wildlife while joining the Friends for a moderately-paced walk that will cover up to 2 miles of trails (all ages welcome).
No registration is required, just show up and join in!
The Fans of Fanno Creek is a non-profit group dedicated to the protection, restoration and enhancement of Fanno Creek and its tributaries. They encourage citizen involvement through advocacy and involvement in watershed restoration projects.
Fanno Creek originates in the West Hills of SW Portland and winds through southern Beaverton and Tigard, eventually feeding into the Tualatin River in rural Washington County. Fanno Creek is one of the few urban streams in the area that supports populations of wild cutthroat and steelhead trout.
For more information, contact Brad Baugher, 503-244-7025.
SOLVE is a non-profit organization that brings individuals, local businesses, communities and conservation groups together to improve the environment and build a legacy of stewardship. They work with public and private land managers alike, providing small grants for projects when needed.
Check out the many programs they offer at www.solv.org.
The Tualatin River Watershed Council is a watershed stewardship organization that promotes and encourages sustainability and watershed-wise practices throughout the Tualatin River Basin by connecting volunteers, friends groups and landowners with resources to restore and protect the land. They also provide watershed stewardship education and share information on watershed conditions with interested parties.
For more information, contact April Olbrich, 503-846-4810. | http://www.thprd.org/activities/nature/volunteer/friends-groups |
LLU Dental Hygiene Student Clinics provide a comprehensive dental screening to evaluate your overall oral health. This process includes x-rays, periodontal screening, a dental exam and the following preventive care:
Dental Hygiene
Dental hygiene is the science concerned with the preservation of oral health. Dental hygienists are part of an oral health team that provides expertise in the recognition, prevention, treatment and management of oral disease.
While a dentist can perform dental hygiene procedures and assessments, they are most commonly the responsibility of dental hygienists who are state licensed oral health professionals.
In addition to providing cleanings and comprehensive dental screenings, dental hygienists are trained to provide the following services:
- Gingivitis treatment
- Periodontal disease therapy
- Oral health and cavity prevention education
- Tooth brushing
- Flossing
- Implant and orthodontic care
- Tobacco and nutritional assessments
- Fluoride and sealants
- Pain control
Clinic Information
Following an initial exam from a licensed dentist, patients at the School's Dental Hygiene Student Clinic may seek treatment directly—without a referral.
Dental hygiene patient screening events are held throughout the year and announced in various public media. Join us at one of our community patient screening events or contact us today.
Contact Information
- Location:
- LLU Main Campus, Prince Hall. Get Directions.
- Hours:
- Main clinic
- Monday - Thursday: 8 a.m. - 3 p.m.
- Friday: 8 a.m. - Noon
- Main clinic
- Phone: | https://dentalclinics.llu.edu/student-clinics/dental-services/dental-hygiene-clinic |
Hamonic+Masson Rue Camille Claudel Complex
In the history of architecture it is rare to find examples of roads built entirely by the same architect. During the buzz of Ré-inventer Paris, Inventons la Métropole and other international architecture competitions, the Camille Claudel project primarily poses the question of scale. The trauma of the Grands Ensembles has prevented a unitary approach in architecture today. We often see urban projects divided into ‘slices’ of 50 to 60 houses under the guise of “architectural diversity.” This approach is often detrimental as it lacks consideration for town and city planning. Hamonic+Masson & Associés won the Camille Claudel project in 2013 having proposed a global and unitary strategy, which incorporated architectural diversity with evident character.
Here diversity is a question of form and typology, and not simply style. The project is organised around seven buildings on two separate plots linked by a public road. The site has its constraints, including the local flood prevention plan, building area restrictions, required transparencies and the local urban plan. However it also has its advantages such as unobstructed views of the Seine, the nearby park, the surrounding new and developing neighbourhood and the site’s proximity to the riverbank. Each building has its own character but remains linked to its neighbouring structures. The morphology of the buildings develops in a way that provides each apartment with multiple views of the Seine and maximum sunlight exposure. The buildings interact with one another in a way that creates collective spaces overlooking the new road.
The buildings are raised off the ground in order to allow the eye to wander between the structures and let the natural light penetrate the site. These open ground floors are connected to each other via the road. The physical and visual network of entrances becomes a unifying social link. The sequence of housing entrances is designed as interior prolongations of the road’s exterior space. The hallways become transparent spaces with dual aspect views. The voids between buildings and the road are landscaped in order to create a large, planted, communal garden. Plants are chosen depending on location and exposure. The extension of public space is at the heart of the system, and is a concept that will create a strong link between shared spaces, the road and the project. One of the big questions in collective housing is that of repetition.
How can we avoid this feeling in a programme of 330 apartments? (60% privately owned, and 40% social housing.) The apartments are stratified but must offer quality and uniqueness. We have responded to the search for identity within the collective and provided differentiation by proposing multiple, varied exterior spaces. Furthermore, we have designed numerous typologies with the majority of apartments benefiting from a southwesterly orientation and views of the Seine. The buildings directly facing the river have been designed to give a strong signal of Metropolitan scale. Each building develops a linear balcony running along the length of the apartment providing each home with a vast exterior space.
These spaces are finished differently depending on their location: Conservatories facing the Seine, providing a view but protection from the noise of the busy road; Full-height metal work preventing overlooking from the road or public spaces; Balustrade railings The buildings are sculpted in a way that favours maximum sunlight exposure and provides views overlooking this incredible site. They are clad in metallic lace with varied motifs, which give an identity to this new neighbourhood. This detail on the facades was the opportunity to give the project an identity. In the Metropolitan skyline the lacelike panels vary according to the time of day, the weather and the seasons. The different elements will resonate, as certain locations will absorb light while others reflect it.
This is an essential element of the project. Architecture is condemned to be static but different staging and cinematic measures can render the buildings dynamic, lively, provocative and can also evoke multiple sensations. Subtly playing with framework and motifs within the unity of light and luminous tints, the project gives a refined image. However it is simply the assembling of simple materials which, when superposed and enhanced with graphics and precision, engender a poetic quality. The facades glisten and play with light and orientation. This new neighbourhood shines day and night, providing the city with a new, lively and dynamic landmark.
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Detailed Description of the Invention
Field of the Invention
Prior Art
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
Means to Solve the Problems
Examples
(1) Cross-section water absorptivity (mm/24 hr)
(2) Water repellency degree
(3) Opacification temperature (°C) of water repellent solution
(4) Flexural hardness
Example 1 (Water repellent (1))
Example 2 (Water repellent (2))
Example 3 (Water repellent (3))
Example 4 (Water repellent (4))
Example 5 (Water repellent (5))
Comparative Example 1 (Conventional water repellent)
Example 6
(Preparation of fiber aggregate (A))
(Preparation of leather-like sheet material)
Example 7
(Preparation of silicon-treated fiber aggregate (B))
(Preparation of leather-like sheet material)
Example 8
Examples 9 to 12
Examples 13 and 14
Comparative Example 2
Comparative Example 3
Example 15
(Preparation of silicon-treated fiber aggregate (C))
(Preparation of leather-like sheet material)
Comparative Examples 4 and 5
Example 16 (Water repellent (6))
Example 17
(Preparation of leather-like sheet material)
The present invention relates to a leather-like sheet material having high water repellency, a process for the production thereof, a fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound to be used therefor and a process for the production thereof.
Conventionally, natural leather has been long used as a leather-like sheet material for shoes, clothes, bags and sporting goods. However, natural leather has had a defect that it has low water resistance and absorbs water when used in the rain. Further, there is another problem that once it gets wet and absorbs water, the feel thereof deteriorates even if it is dried. In recent years, artificial leather has come to be used as a substitute for natural leather.
However, artificial leather has not yet been satisfactory with respect to water resistance although its feel is not deteriorated when it once comes to be in a wet state and then dried. For example, it is known that a water repellent having a long-chain alkyl group, a water repellent having silicon or a water repellent having a perfluoroalkyl is used to treat the surface of leather. When such a water repellent is used for artificial leather, the artificial leather can be improved in water repellency and water resistance of a front surface or a reverse surface thereof. However, the problem is that the water resistance and water repellency are not sufficient in a cross section when the leather is cut or in a seam when it is machine-sewed, so that the leather absorbs water during use to increase in weight.
As a method of imparting a cut cross section with water repellency, JP-A-60-239573 and JP-A-60-252780 disclose a method of producing a leather-like sheet material such as artificial leather, in which a fluorine-containing urethane compound as a water repellent is added to a high-molecular weight elastomeric polymer solution, a fibrous base material is impregnated with the solution and the polymer solution is coagulated.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
n
The fluorine-containing urethane compound disclosed in the above Japanese Laid-open Patent Publications is an addition reaction product from a urethane prepolymer having a terminal containing an isocyanate group and a perfluoroalkyl-group-containing compound having an active hydrogen group. However, the above perfluoroalkyl-group-containing compound is a compound having a sulfoneamide group represented by -SONH or -SO-N(R)-CHCH(OCHCH)(OH) (wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and n is 0 or a positive integer of 1 to 20) which sulfoneamide group is bonded to a terminal of a perfluoroalkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. It has been recently pointed out that such a perfluoroalkyl compound containing a sulfoneamide group may be an endocrine disturbing chemical having a risk of accumulation inside human bodies.
2
2
It has been already found that when a compound having a group of -OH or -OCHCHOH, et al in place of the sulfoneamide group bonding to the terminal of the perfluoroalkyl group is used as a water repellent, it is not sufficient against water absorption in a cross section, and particularly that its effect sharply decreases with the passage of time.
It is a first object of the present invention to provide a leather-like sheet material that is excellent in water repellency in a cut cross section and water resistance and which exhibits less decrease in water repellency and water resistance with the passage of time and a process for the production thereof.
It is a second object of the present invention to provide a fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound that can be used in the production of the above leather-like sheet material of the present invention and a process for the preparation thereof.
It is a third object of the present invention to provide various goods formed from the above leather-like sheet material.
(i) said urethane compound containing a urethane-bond-containing compound having a molecular weight of 500 to 5,000 and fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 200 to 1,000 each, 3 to 12 such fluorine-containing side chains bonding to the urethane-bond-containing compound,
(ii) said urethane compound having a fluorine content of 20 to 60 % by weight as a fluorine atom, and
(iii) said urethane compound having 6 to 36 urethane bonds per molecule.
(I) A leather-like sheet material comprising a sheet material composed of a fiber aggregate and an elastic polymer, the sheet material containing a fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound which satisfies the following requirements (i) to (iii),
(II) A process for the production of a leather-like sheet material, which comprises impregnating and/or coating a fiber aggregate with a treatment solution containing the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound and the elastic polymer recited in the above (I) and coagulating the elastic polymer.
(III) A fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound containing a urethane-bond-containing compound having a molecular weight of 500 to 5,000 and fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 200 to 1,000 each, 3 to 12 such fluorine-containing side chains bonding to the urethane-bond-containing compound, said urethane compound having a fluorine content of 20 to 60 % by weight as a fluorine atom and having 6 to 36 urethane bonds per molecule.
f
1
f
R is a fluorine-containing side chain group,
1
R is an alkylene or oxyalkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and
Q is a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or an amino group.
(IV) A process for the preparation of a fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound, which comprises reacting a polyol compound having a molecular weight of 300 to 3,000 with a polyisocyanate compound under conditions where (m + n) ≧5 is satisfied, in which m is a number of functional groups (number of -OH groups) per molecule of said polyol compound and n is a number of functional groups (number of -NCO groups) per molecule of said polyisocyanate compound, and where the total number of NCO groups is greater the total number of OH groups, and reacting the thus-obtained urethane-bond-containing compound with a fluorine-containing-side-chain-providing compound of the following formula (1),
R - R - Q (1)
wherein:
According to studies made by the present inventors, it has been found that the above objects of the present invention can be achieved by the following (I) to (IV).
The present invention will be explained further in detail below. First, the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound in the above (III) and the process for the preparation thereof in the above (IV) will be explained, and then, the leather-like sheet material in the above (I) and the process for the production thereof in the above (II) will be explained.
(i) The above urethane compound contains a urethane-bond-containing compound having a molecular weight of 500 to 5,000 and fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 200 to 1,000 each, 3 to 12 such fluorine-containing side chains bonding to the urethane-bond-containing compound.
(ii) The above urethane compound has a fluorine content of 20 to 60 % by weight as a fluorine atom.
(iii) The above urethane compound has 6 to 36 urethane bonds per molecule.
The fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound for use in the leather-like sheet material of the present invention is a compound that satisfies the following requirements (i) to (iii).
The compound that satisfies the above requirements (i) to (iii) (to be called "modified urethane compound" for short hereinafter) effectively works as a water repellent when incorporated into a leather-like sheet material, and it serves to improve a cut cross section of the sheet material in water repellency and water resistance.
The modified urethane compound satisfying the above requirements (i) to (iii), provided by the present invention, is a urethane compound having fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 200 to 1,000 each and being bonded thereto. That is, it is a modified urethane compound in which 3 to 12, preferably 4 to 6 fluorine-containing side chains bond to a urethane-bond-containing compound having a molecular weight of 500 to 5,000, preferably 600 to 4,000, most preferably 700 to 3,000.
When the molecular weight of the urethane-bond-containing compound is smaller than 500, undesirably, the amount of the urethane-bond-containing compound that precipitates from an elastic polymer of the leather-like sheet material increases. That is, when the urethane-bond-containing compound having a molecular weight smaller than 500 is incorporated into the elastic polymer (e.g., polyurethane) to produce an artificial leather, the amount of the compound that bleeds from the leather increases, so that the water repellency of the leather is degraded. When the amount of the modified urethane compound (water repellent) is increased for preventing a decrease in water repellency, the feel of the leather-like sheet material is degraded. When the molecular weight of the urethane-bond-containing compound exceeds 5,000, the fluorine content in the modified urethane compound tends to decrease relatively, and the water repellency and water resistance effect on the leather-like sheet material is insufficient.
In the modified urethane compound of the present invention, the number of the bonding fluorine-containing side chains is required to be 3 or more, and it is 12 or less, preferably 6 or less. When the above number of the bonding fluorine-containing side chains is 1 or 2, the number is small and the water-repellency effect is small. Further, the regular coordination of the fluorine-containing side chains increases, and when a polyurethane resin is used as a elastic polymer, the effective coating degree on the resin surface by the fluorine-containing side chains decreases. The molecular weight of the above fluorine-containing side chains is 200 to 1, 000, preferably 210 to 920. When the above molecular weight is lower than 200, the coating degree by the fluorine-containing side chains is small, so that the water-repellency effect is small. When it is greater than 1,000, the water-repellency effect is excellent, but the solubility of the modified urethane compound in a solvent decreases, so that handling of the modified urethane compound is difficult. Further, undesirably, the productivity of the sheet materials decreases. The concentration of the fluorine content, as a fluorine atom, in the molecule of the modified urethane compound is required to be in the range of 20 to 60 % by weight. It is most preferably in the range of 35 to 45 % by weight.
n
2n+1
Further, the above fluorine-containing side chains are preferably perfluoroalkyl groups having 4 to 18 carbon atoms each. The perfluoroalkyl groups are represented by -CF, and the number n of carbon atoms is preferably 4 to 18, more preferably 6 to 12.
The modified urethane compound (water repellent) of the present invention is required to have 6 to 36 urethane bonds per molecule, and, preferably, with an increase in the molecular weight, the number of the urethane bonds is increased. The number of the urethane bonds represented by -NHCOO- when the modified urethane compound has a molecular weight of 1,000 is preferably in the range of 1 to 5, more preferably in the range of 1.5 to 4. The urethane bonds in the modified urethane compound (water repellent) of the present invention improve the coordination effect with the elastic polymer (e.g., polyurethane resin), and when the modified urethane compound is added to the elastic polymer, the urethane bonds have an effect that the bleeding of the modified urethane compound is suppressed. When the number of the urethane bonds in the modified urethane compound is smaller than the above range, the above effect decreases. When it is greater to the contrary, the solubility of the modified urethane compound in a solvent decreases, and it is observed that the modified urethane compound tends to be crystallized. Further, when the modified urethane compound is added to the elastic polymer (e.g., polyurethane resin), the water repellency and the water resistance tend to decrease due to a change with the passage of time.
Further, the modified urethane compound of the present invention is preferably water-dispersible, and in this case, a treatment solution containing the modified urethane compound as a main component can be used as such. In this case, preferably, the urethane-bond-containing compound of the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound contains a segment of polyoxyethylene, above all, polyethylene glycol. The segment preferably has a molecular weight of 220 or more, and the upper limit of the molecular weight is approximately 2,500. The molecular weight of the segment is more preferably 250 to 2,100. Further, the content of the polyoxyethylene segment in the organic group is 20 % by weight or more, and further, it is preferably in the range of 20 to 60 % by weight. The above water-dispersible modified urethane compound of the present invention can be used after the leather-like sheet material is produced; so that its application field as a water repellent is broad.
Further, in the modified urethane compound of the present invention, preferably, the compound forming the molecule thereof contains no sulfur (S), and the molecule is substantially composed of atoms including C, H, N, O and F.
Further, the modified urethane compound (water repellent) of the present invention as a whole preferably has a molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 10,000, particularly preferably has a molecular weight in the range of 2,500 to 7,500. The modified urethane compound having a molecular weight in the above range is preferred since it prevents the bleeding from the elastic polymer.
f
1
f
R is a fluorine-containing side chain group,
1
R is an alkylene or oxyalkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and
Q is a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or an amino group.
The above modified urethane compound of the present invention can be prepared by the following method. That is, the modified urethane compound can be prepared by a method in which a polyol compound having a molecular weight of 300 to 3,000 and a polyisocyanate compound are reacted under conditions where (m + n) ≧5 is satisfied in which m is a number of functional groups (-OR groups) per molecule of the above polyol compound and n is a number of functional groups (-NCO groups) per molecule of the above polyisocyanate compound, and where the total of NCO groups comes to be greater than the total of OH groups, and the thus-obtained urethane-bond-containing compound is reacted with a fluorine-containing-side-chain-providing compound of the following formula (1),
R - R - Q (1)
wherein:
The polyol for use in the preparation of the modified urethane compound is a polyol in which the number of functional groups (number of -OH groups: m) is preferably 4 or less, most preferably 2 or 3, and it is a diol, triol or tetraol whose molecular weight is 300 or more but 3,000 or less, preferably 1,000 or less, still more preferably 350 to 600. The polyol may be a single compound from these or may be a mixture of these. More specifically, the above polyol includes polyethylene adipate, polypropylene adipate, polydiethylene adipate, polydiethylene-neopentyl adipate, polycaprolactone, those obtained by initiating reactions of polyester diols of these in the presence of trimethylolpropane, glycerin, sorbitan or the like, and polypropylene triol and polytetramethylene polyol obtained by using polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, sorbitan or the like as a reaction initiator.
Of these polyols, branched polyols are preferred for suppressing the crystallization of the modified urethane compound and improving the degree of water repellency when each of them is added in a small amount. More specifically, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol or trihydric polyol, which causes the crystallization less easily than an aliphatic linear diol or dicarboxylic acid which easily causes the crystallization is preferably used in combination with a dihydric polyol.
The polyisocyanate for use in the preparation of the modified urethane compound is a polyisocyanate in which the number (n) of functional groups thereof is 2 or more, and it is preferably a polyisocyanate in which n is 4 or less, most preferably a polyisocyanate in which n is 2 or 3 or a mixture of polyisocyanates in which n is 2 and 3. The molecular weight of the above polyisocyanate is preferably 100 or more but 1,000 or less. More specifically, the polyisocyanate includes difunctional isocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and polyfunctional isocyanates having terminal isocyanate groups, obtained by reacting these difunctional isocyanates with a polyhydric alcohol such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin or sorbitan under a condition of excess isocyanate.
More preferably, the polyisocyanate is selected from trifunctional or higher-functional polyisocyanates. Such polyisocyanates can increase the density of the fluorine-containing side chains in the modified urethane compound (perfluoroalkyl grorp), so that the water repellency effect can be improved. Further, when a trifunctional isocyanate is used, the number of urethane bonds per modified urethane compound can be increased, and the bleeding from the elastic polymer can be prevented. Further, the crystallizability of the modified urethane compound is decreased, and the modified urethane compound can be coordinated on the surface of the elastic polymer of the sheet material.
Further, desirably, the urethane-bond-containing compound obtained by reacting the polyol compound with the polyisocyanate compound has a terminal containing 3 or more isocyanate groups, so that each m and n are required to be an integer of 2 or more and satisfy (m + n) ≧ 5. More preferably, the total sum of m and n is 5 or 6.
In the present invention, further, when the polyol compound and the polyisocyanate compound are reacted, these compounds to be reacted are required to have an amount ratio in which the total number of NCO groups is greater than the total number of OH groups. The amount ratio of the polyol compound and the polyisocyanate compound is adjusted as described above for the reaction, whereby the reaction is carried out such that the thus-obtained urethane-bond-containing compound has isocyanate-group terminals.
Further, when the above reaction is carried out, advantageously, the ratio of molar amount of the polyisocyanate/molar amount of the polyol compound (molar amount of the polyol compound x number of hydroxyl groups per molecule of the polyol compound) is in the range of 0.9 to 1.1.
The above polyol compound and the polyisocyanate compound are reacted to obtain the urethane-bond-containing compound, and then the urethane-bond-containing compound is reacted with the fluorine-containing-side-chains-providing compound, to give the modified urethane compound. The thus-obtained modified urethane compound can satisfy the conditions that the modified urethane compound can have affinity to the elastic polymer to which the modified urethane compound is to be added as a water repellent, that the crystallizability of the modified urethane compound itself is to be small, that the modified urethane compound can be coordinated on the surface of the elastic polymer used and that the number of the fluorine-containing side chains per molecule of the modified urethane compound (density of fluorine-containing side chains per molecule) is to be proper. And, the obtained modified urethane compound does not bleed from the elastic polymer, particularly, the urethane resin, to which the modified urethane compound has been added as a water repellent, and even when added in a small amount, the modified urethane compound produces an excellent effect on prevention of absorption in a cross section and an excellent water-repellency effect.
f
1
f
R is a fluorine-containing side chain group,
1
R is an alkylene or oxyalkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and
Q is a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or an amino group.
The process for the preparation of the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound for use as a water repellent in the present invention is not limited so long as a compound having the above chemical and structural features can be prepared. In one embodiment of the above preparation process, the above modified urethane compound can be prepared by reacting a polyol compound having a molecular weight of 300 to 3,000 with a polyisocyanate compound under conditions where (m + n) ≧ 5 is satisfied, in which m is a number of functional groups (number of -OH groups) per molecule of said polyol compound and n is a number of functional groups (number of -NCO groups) per molecule of said polyisocyanate compound, and where the total number of NCO groups is greater the total number of OH groups, and reacting the thus-obtained urethane-bond-containing compound with a fluorine-containing-side-chain-providing compound of the following formula (1),
R - R - Q (1)
wherein:
According to the above process, the urethane-bond-containing compound obtained by reacting the polyol compound with the polyisocyanate compound has an isocyanate group (-NCO group). The isocyanate group is reacted with the fluorine-containing-side-chain-providing compound of the above formula (1), whereby the isocyanate group and the group represented by Q bond to each other and the modified urethane compound is obtained.
f
n
2n+1
1
In the above formula (1), R as a fluorine-containing side chain group is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms. The perfluoroalkyl group is represented by CF, and the number n of carbon atoms is preferably 4 to 18, and it is particularly preferably 6 to 12 since the modified urethane compound has an excellent effect on the prevention of water absorption in a cross section. When the number n of carbon atoms exceeds 18, the fluorine content increases, but the effect on the prevention of water absorption tends to be nearly saturated. R is an alkylene or oxyalkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and it is most preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Q is can be one of a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group and an amino group so long as such a group can react with the isocyanate group. When it is taken into account that the modified urethane compound finally obtained is not easily crystallized, Q is preferably a hydroxyl group.
In the above process for the preparation of the modified urethane compound, first, the amount ratio of the polyol compound and the isocyanate compound is adjusted so that the urethane-bond-containing compound (intermediate) to be formed has an isocyanate group terminal, and the polyol compound and the isocyanate compound are reacted, and then the fluorine-containing-side-chain-providing compound of the above formula (1) is reacted with the intermediate in a manner in which the fluorine-containing-side-chain-providing compound is more or less equivalent to the equivalent weight of isocyanate groups of the intermediate, whereby there can be obtained the modified urethane compound having terminals to which the fluorine-containing side chains are added.
n
2n+1
2
2
More specifically, for example, a preferred process is as follows. A polyol compound having a molecular weight of 400 is used as a polyol compound, and an adduct of 1 mol of trimethylolpropane with 3 mol of tolylene diisocyanate is used as an isocyanate compound. In the reaction for forming the intermediate (prepolymer), the polyol compound:isocyanate compound molar ratio is adjusted to approximately 1:2, and in the reaction between the prepolymer and the fluorine-containing-side-chain-providing compound, the prepolymer:fluorine-containing-side-chain-providing compound (CFCHCHOH) molar ratio is adjusted to approximately 1:4. In this case, the number n of carbon atoms is preferably 4 to 18, and further, it is most preferably 6 to 12. Further, the fluorine content, as fluorine atoms, in the thus-obtained modified urethane compound is preferably in the range of 20 to 60 % by weight, more preferably 30 to 48 % by weight, still more preferably 35 to 45 % by weight. However, the process for synthesizing the modified urethane compound of the present invention shall not be limited to the above process.
When the water-dispersible water-repellent containing a polyoxyethylene segment in the polyol is prepared, the reaction is once carried out in an organic solvent such as acetone, then, a dispersion of the reaction product in water is prepared while stirring with a homogenizer, and then the organic solvent is removed by distillation, whereby the water-dispersible water-repellent can be formed. In this case, the molecular weight of the segment is preferably 220 or more, and the upper limit of the molecular weight is approximately 2,500. The molecular weight of the segment is most preferably 250 to 2,100. Concerning the content of the segment, the content of the segment formed of polyoxyethylene in the polyol is 40 % by weight or more, preferably 50 % by weight or more, more preferably 65 to 100 % by weight.
The process for the production of the leather-like sheet material of the present invention will be explained below.
The leather-like sheet material that is the present invention is a leather-like sheet material in which the sheet material mainly formed of a fiber aggregate and a elastic polymer contains the above modified urethane compound of the present invention as a water repellent. Preferably, the sheet material is a leather-like sheet material in which spaces in the fiber aggregate such as a non-woven fabric are filled with the elastic polymer (preferably, a polyurethane resin).
In the leather-like sheet material of the present invention, preferably, the above fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound of the present invention is present in a manner in which the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound is mixed with, and dispersed in, the elastic polymer.
In another preferred embodiment, the above fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound of the present invention is present in a manner in which the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound adheres to the elastic polymer surface. Particularly, when the modified urethane compound is applied to the leather-like sheet material formed of a superfine fiber and the elastic polymer obtained by dissolving a "sea" component from a sheet material formed of a "sea-islands" fiber and the elastic polymer by a solvent extraction method, preferably, the modified urethane compound is prepared as a water-dispersible water repellent, and allowed to adhere to the elastic polymer surface after the leather-like sheet material is formed.
In the leather-like sheet material of the present invention, not only the surface but also the cross section thereof does not absorb water, and it is a leather-like sheet material having high durability with respect to water absorption and water repellency. Further, the leather-like sheet material of the present invention preferably has an after-4-week cross-section water absorptivity of 40 mm/24 hours or less. The after-4-week cross-section water absorptivity is more preferably 20 mm/24 hours or less, most preferably 5 mm/24 hours or less. In this case, further, while the above cross-section water absorptivity is satisfied, the flexural hardness is preferably 4 g/cm or less, more preferably 2 g/cm or less. Further, the leather-like sheet material of the present invention preferably has a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm.
More specifically, the fiber aggregate to be used for the leather-like sheet material of the present invention is a base material that internally has space portions, such as a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric and a knitted cloth. The fiber composition for constituting these can be selected from a synthetic fiber, a regenerated fiber or a natural fiber. For obtaining the leather-like sheet material improved in cross-section water absorptivity and water repellency, which is an object of the present invention, the fiber preferably includes hydrophobic fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polypropylene fibers. The above hydrophobic fiber that is particularly preferred is defined to be a fiber that exhibits an equilibrium moisture regain of 1 % by weight or less at a temperature of 20°C and at a relative humidity of 60 %. However, a hydrophobic fiber such as polyamide or rayon can be also use. In this case, preferably, such a fiber is treated with a water repellent, etc., beforehand to suppress its water absorptivity before use.
Further, in the leather-like sheet material of the present invention, preferably, the fiber constituting the fiber aggregate is a fiber having a silicon compound adhering to its surface. The above silicon compound is mainly a reaction product of an alkyl- and/or allyl-hydrogen polysiloxane. When the fiber is surface-coated with the above silicon compound, the sheet-like material has excellent flexibility. The amount of the adhering silicone compound based on the fiber is 0.1 to 5 % by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2 % by weight.
The elastic polymer used together with the fiber aggregate is preferably a polyurethane resin. The polyurethane resin includes polyurethane-based elastomers such as polyurethane elastomer, polyurethaneurea elastomer and polyurea elastomer. More specifically, the polyurethane resin includes elastomers obtained by reacting a polyester polyol such as polyethylene adipate, polybutylene adipate, etc.; a polyether polyol such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, etc.; or polyol such as a polycarbonate polyol exemplified by polyhexamethylene carbonate and an organic diisocyanate such as tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, etc., with a low-molecular chain extender such as ethylene glycol or tetramethylene glycol. Further, the polyurethane resin is preferably finely porous. Further, other elastic polymer may be used in combination with the polyurethane resin.
The content of the modified urethane compound in the leather-like sheet material of the present invention can be determined depending upon the cross-section water absorptivity and water repellency required in the field of use. The above content represented by the content of the modified urethane compound based on the elastic polymer is 0.1 to 4 % by weight, preferably 0.2 to 3 % by weight. However, the above range and preferred range differ depending upon the field of use. For example, in the field of golfer shoes required to have cross-section water absorptivity and water repellency at a highest level, the above content is preferably 0.8 to 4.0 % by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0 % by weight. In the fields of general shoes, women's shoes, casual shoes and clothes, the content of the modified urethane compound based on the elastic polymer is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 % by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 1.5 % by weight. When the above content is less than the above lower limit value, the modified urethane compound tends to fail to satisfy the cross-section water absorptivity and water repellency. When it exceeds the above upper limit value, it is likely to increase a cost and cause a trouble such as bleeding of the additive.
The process for the production of a leather-like sheet material, provided by the present invention, is a process of impregnating and/or coating the fiber aggregate with a treatment solution containing the modified urethane compound (water repellent) of the present invention and the elastic polymer and then coagulating elastic polymer. Preferably, the method of coagulation is a wet-coagulation method.
In the process for the production of a leather-like sheet material, provided by the present invention, preferably, the fiber constituting the fiber aggregate has a silicon compound adhering to the fiber surface beforehand. The silicon compound is mainly a reaction product of an alkyl- and/or allyl-hydrogen polysiloxane. More specifically, there is employed a method in which the fiber aggregate is treated with a solvent solution or aqueous dispersion prepared by adding a catalyst such as an organic acid zinc or organic acid tin to methylhydrogen polysiloxane or phenylhydrogen polysiloxane, followed by heat treatment. The fiber surface is coated with the silicon compound beforehand, so that the elastic polymer is coagulated in space portions in a state where the space portions are formed between the fiber and the elastic polymer while the elastic polymer does not directly bond to the fiber in the fiber aggregate. As a result the sheet material is excellent in flexibility. This effect is remarkably produced when a hydrophobic fiber is used. The amount of the adhering silicon compound based on the fiber is 0.1 to 5 % by weight, and further it is preferably 0.2 to 2 % by weight.
The treatment solution with which the fiber aggregate is to be impregnated or coated can be selected, for example, from a solution of dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide or tetrahydrofuran that is a solvent for the elastic polymer, or a solution or dispersion prepared by adding a proper amount of other poor solvent thereto.
The amount of the modified urethane compound for use in the present invention, which is to be added to the elastic polymer, can be determined depending upon the cross-section water absorptivity and water repellency required in the field of use of the leather-like sheet material.
Further, in the process for the production of a leather-like sheet material, provided by the present invention, preferably, the above treatment solution for the wet coagulation contains a surfactant. Further, the surfactant preferably has an HLB value (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) of 4 to 18. When such a surfactant is used, the junction state between the fiber constituting the fiber aggregate and the impregnated elastic polymer is adjusted to control the flexibility, and the degree of micro-porosity of the elastic polymer is adjusted to form a finely porous elastic polymer, whereby a flexible leather-like sheet material can be obtained.
HLB value = 7 + 11.7 log(Mw/Mo)
Mw: Molecular weight of hydrophilic group portion
Mo: Molecular weight of hydrophobic group portion
The surfactant that is preferred in the present invention is a surfactant whose hydrophobic segment is formed of an alkylene oxide having 3 or more carbon atoms, polydimethylpolysiloxane, polyphenylmethylpolysiloxane, an alkyl group or an aralkyl group and whose hydrophilic group is polyoxyethylene. In the surfactant, further, the HLB value (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) calculated on the basis of the following equation is preferably 4 to 18, most preferably 10 to 15.
In the production process of the present invention, further, it is preferred to use a hydrophobic surfactant in combination as an adjusting agent for making the elastic polymer finely porous. The hydrophobic surfactant is a surfactant whose hydrophobic segment is formed of an alkylene oxide having 3 or more carbon atoms, polydimethylpolysiloxane, polyphenylmethylpolysiloxane or a polyolefin and whose hydrophilic group is polyoxyethylene. In the surfactant, further, the HLB value on the basis of the above equation is preferably less than 4, preferably 3 or less. Specific examples thereof include polydimethylpolysiloxane, polyphenylmethyl polysiloxane, polybutene, liquid paraffin and sorbitan di- or trialkylate.
It is required to determine the amount of the above surfactant depending upon the field of use of the leather-like sheet material and properties required thereof. As a general range in the present invention, the amount of the surfactant to be added based on the elastic polymer is preferably 0.1 to 10 % by weight. When the above amount is less than 0.1 % by weight, the effect is small. When it is 10 % by weight or more, troubles caused by the addition of an excess amount thereof tend to take place.
The leather-like sheet material containing the modified urethane compound (water repellent) of the present invention has high water repellency even when the above surfactant is used in combination, and particularly, the cross-section water absorptivity thereof is small, and the water repellency thereof does not change with the passage of time. In contrast, when a conventional water repellent is used, the water repellency is not sufficient even if a surfactant is used in combination. Even if the water repellency is exhibited to some extent immediately after the treatment for water repellency is carried out, the water repellency decreases with the passage of time. The reason therefor is not clear. However, it is assumed that the modified urethane compound (water repellent) of the present invention does not easily undergo crystallization, which, as a result, accomplishes a high degree of coating of the surface of the elastic polymer used in the leather-like sheet material with the perfluoroalkyl group of the modified urethane compound.
In the process for the production of a leather-like sheet material, provided by the present invention, the fiber aggregate is impregnated and/or coated with the above treatment solution, and then the treatment solution is coagulated. The coagulation method is preferably a wet coagulation method for improving the feel, and the wet coagulation is carried out in a manner in which the fiber aggregate containing the treatment solution containing the elastic polymer as a main component is immersed in water. Then, the solvent is removed, and the sheet material is dried to be produced for the leather-like sheet material.
When the modified urethane compound of the present invention is a water repellent in which a polyoxyethylene segment is contained in the polyol, the water repellent is dispersed in water, and the dispersion can be used to produce the leather-like sheet material. For example, when a water-based elastic polymer is used, the modified urethane compound is used during the impregnation. Whether the elastic polymer is solvent-based or water-based, the sheet material formed of the fiber and the elastic polymer is prepared and then imparted with the modified urethane compound of the present invention, and the sheet material is dried, whereby the leather-like sheet material can be produced.
In the leather-like sheet material of the present invention, further, a finish process of applying a polyurethane resin coating composition to the porous coating surface is carried out to form a grained artificial leather, or the impregnation base material or the porous coating surface is polished with a sand paper, whereby an artificial leather having a suede-like appearance can be formed.
The present invention will be further explained with reference to Examples, while the present invention shall not be limited by these Examples. In Examples, percent (%) stands for weight %, and a ratio stands for a weight ratio, unless otherwise specified. Measurement values in Examples were obtained according to the following methods.
A test piece having a width of 2.5 cm and a length of 25 cm was sampled from a leather-like sheet material and measured for a cross-section water absorptivity by the following method. First, the test piece is marked with a line in a position 2 cm away from one end of the test piece. Water containing a small amount of a water-soluble dye is prepared in a vat, one end of the test piece is placed in the water such that the water surface and the marked line are at the same level, and the test piece is vertically fixed. The vat with the test piece fixed in it was maintained at a room at a temperature of 23 ± 1° C for 24 hours, then, the test piece was measured for a height of water absorbed by the test piece, and the height was used as a cross-section water absorptivity. For studying a change with the passage of time, the above measurement was carried out immediately after the sample was prepared, and the measurement was also carried out one week and four weeks after the preparation of the sample. Data obtained four weeks after the preparation was used as a cross-section water absorptivity of an end product.
Measured according to JIS-L-1092. After the test by the method according to JIS-L-1092 was carried out, a water-adhering area that was entirely wet was taken as a water repellency degree 0, an area that entirely repelled water and had no adhering water was taken as a water repellency degree 100, and a value of 0 to 100 obtained by evaluation depending upon an area was used as a water repellency degree. For studying a change with the passage of time, further, the above measurement was carried out immediately after the sample was prepared, and the measurement was also carried out one week and four weeks after the preparation of the sample. Data obtained four weeks after the preparation was used as a water repellency degree of an end product.
A solution of a modified urethane compound (water repellent) having a solid concentration of 60 % in an organic solvent was once temperature-increased to 70°C and then gradually cooled, and a measurement was made for a temperature at which the solution opacified.
A test piece having a length of 9 cm in the roll direction and a width of 2.5 cm was sampled. The test piece was marked with a line in positions 2 cm away from both ends of the test piece. The test piece was gripped with a clamp in a position 2 cm away from one end and pressed in a position 2 cm away from the other end, and the test piece was flexed up to a curvature of 2 cm, when the test piece was measured for a repulsive force with a strain gage. The repulsive force was converted to a value per cm of the test piece width.
8
17
2
2
A diol mixture containing diethylene glycol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol in a molar ratio of 9:1 and adipic acid were reacted to obtain a dihydric polyol having an average molecular weight of 420. As an isocyanate, a trifunctional isocyanate having a molecular weight of 656 was provided, which was an adduct of 1 mol of trimethylolpropane and 3 mol of tolylene diisocyanate (Coronate L, supplied by Nippon Polyurethane, NCO % = 13.2 %, solid content 75 %). 210 Parts of the above dihydric polyol and 962 parts of the above trifunctional isocyanate were reacted to prepare a prepolymer having a terminal isocyanate group, and the prepolymer was dissolved in a dimethylformamide (DMF):methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) = 90:10 solvent mixture. Then, the above prepolymer and 928 parts of perfluorooctyl-hydroxy-ethane (CF-CHCHOH) were reacted to give a solution of 60 % of a fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound of which the terminal isocyanate group was blocked with the above fluorine compound.
8
17
The above fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound as a water repellent had an average molecular weight of 3,590, and it was a compound in which four fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 419 (CF) each were bonded to a urethane-bond-containing compound having an average molecular weight of 1,910. Further, the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound had a fluorine content of 36 % by weight, the number of urethane bonds per molecule was 12, and the number of urethane bonds per a molecular weight of 1,000 was 3.3. Further, it had an opacification temperature of 5°C or lower, and it had good stability in the form of a solution.
A solution of 60 % of a fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound whose terminal isocyanate group was blocked with a fluorine compound was obtained by carrying out a reaction in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the isocyanate in Example 1 was replaced with a trifunctional isocyanate which was an adduct of 1 mol of trimethylolpropane and 3 mol of hexamethylene diisocyanate (Coronate HL, supplied by Nippon Polyurethane, NCO % = 12.8 %, solid content 75 %) and that the amount of the trifunctional isocyanate was changed from 962 parts to 983 parts.
8
17
The above fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound as a water repellent had an average molecular weight of 3,570, and it was a compound in which four fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 419 (CF) each were bonded to a urethane-bond-containing compound having an average molecular weight of 1,890. Further, the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound had a fluorine content of 36 %, the number of urethane bonds per molecule was 12, and the number of urethane bonds per a molecular weight of 1,000 was 3.4. Further, it had an opacification temperature of 5°C or lower, and it had good stability in the form of a solution.
8
17
2
2
Propylene oxide was added in the presence of trimethylolpropane as an initiator, to give a polyol having a hydroxyl value of 175 mgKOH/g. The polyol contained, as a main component, a trihydric polyol having a molecular weight of 961. As an isocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate was provided, which was a difunctional isocyanate having a molecular weight of 173. 480 Parts of the above polyol and 266 parts of the above difunctional isocyanate were reacted to prepare a prepolymer having a terminal isocyanate group, and the prepolymer was dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF):methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) = 90:10 solvent mixture. Then, the above prepolymer and 696 parts of perfluorooctyl-hydroxy-ethane (CF-CHCHOH) were reacted to give a solution of 60 % of a fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound of which the terminal isocyanate group was blocked with the fluorine compound.
8
17
The above fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound as a water repellent had an average molecular weight of 2,875, and it was a compound in which three fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 419 (CF) each were bonded to a urethane-bond-containing compound having an average molecular weight of 1,618. Further, the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound had a fluorine content of 33 %, the number of urethane bonds per molecule was 6, and the number of urethane bonds per a molecular weight of 1,000 was 2.1. Further, it had an opacification temperature of 5°C or lower, and it had good stability in the form of a solution.
8
17
2
2
12
25
2
2
2
2
A solution of 60 % of a fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound whose terminal isocyanate group was blocked with a fluorine compound was obtained by carrying out a reaction in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 928 parts of the perfluorooctyl-hydroxy-ethane (CF-CHCHOH) was replaced with 1,384 parts of perfluorolauryl-hydroxy-butane (CF-CHCHCHCHOH).
12
25
The above fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound as a water repellent had an average molecular weight of 4,500, and it was a compound in which four fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 619 (CF) each were bonded to a urethane-bond-containing compound having an average molecular weight of 2,020. Further, the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound had a fluorine content of 42 %, the number of urethane bonds per molecule was 12, and the number of urethane bonds per a molecular weight of 1,000 was 2.7. Further, it had an opacification temperature of 5°C or lower, and it had good stability in the form of a solution.
8
17
2
2
16
33
2
2
A solution of 60 % of a fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound whose terminal isocyanate group was blocked with a fluorine compound was obtained by carrying out a reaction in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 928 parts of the perfluorooctyl-hydroxy-ethane (CF-CHCHOH) was replaced with 1,728 parts of perfluorodecyl-hydroxy-ethane (CF-CHCHOH).
16
33
The above fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound as a water repellent had an average molecular weight of 5,190, and it was a compound in which four fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 819 (CF) each were bonded to a urethane-bond-containing compound having an average molecular weight of 1,910. Further, the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound had a fluorine content of 48 %, the number of urethane bonds per molecule was 12, and the number of urethane bonds per a molecular weight of 1,000 was 2.3. Further, it had an opacification temperature of 5°C or lower, and it had good stability in the form of a solution.
8
17
2
2
250 Parts of polyethylene adipate that was a dihydric polyol having a molecular weight 500 and 174 parts of tolylene diisocyanate that was a difunctional isocyanate having a molecular weight of 173 were reacted to prepare a prepolymer having a terminal isocyanate group, and the prepolymer was dissolved in a dimethylformamide (DMF) methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) = 90:10 solvent mixture. Then, the prepolymer and 464 parts of perfluorooctyl-hydroxy-ethane (CF-CHCHOH) were reacted to give a solution of 60 % of a urethane compound of which the terminal isocyanate group was blocked with the fluorine compound.
8
17
The above urethane compound had a terminal to which two fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 419 (CF) were bonded, and the number of urethane bonds per molecule was 2. The urethane compound had an opacification temperature of 28°C and had insufficient stability at room temperature in the form of a solution.
2
3
A fiber obtained by mixing 70 % of a polyester fiber (0.8 denier, fiber length 51 mm) that exhibited a shrinkability of 50 % in warm water at 70°C and 30 % of a polyester fiber (0.8 denier, fiber length 51 mm) that exhibited no shrinkability in warm water at 70° C was formed into a web with a carding machine, a cross wrapper and a needle locker. Then, the web was immersed in warm water having a temperature of 70°C for 3 minutes to shrink it to an area that was 58 % of the original area of the web. Further, the shrunken web was passed between a stainless steel net belt and a hot cylinder at 140° C to prepare a fiber aggregate (A) having a weight of 330 g/m, a thickness of 1.0 mm and an apparent density of 0.33 g/cm.
2
A polyol mixture containing polytetramethylene glycol (Mw 2,020) and polybutylene adipate (Mw 1,980) in a molar ratio of 60:40, diphenylmethane diisocyanate and ethylene glycol were reacted to give a polyurethane resin having a 100 % elongation modulus of 100 kg/cm.
As treatment solutions, impregnation solutions of three levels (a, b, c) and coating solutions of three levels (d, e, f) shown in Table 1 were prepared from the above polyurethane resin, the water repellent (1) in Example 1 and a surfactant. The above surfactant was polyoxyethylene-modified dimethylpolysiloxane (FG-10: supplied by Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku Co., Ltd., hydrophobic group: dimethylpolysiloxane (Mw = 2,240), hydrophilic group: polyethylene oxide (Mw = 1,760), HLB = 5.8).
The previously prepared fiber aggregate (A) was immersed in, and impregnated with, the impregnation solution and squeezed with a doctor blade to a thickness that was 90 % of the thickness of the base material. Before the recovery of the base material from the compression, the base material was coated with the coating solution, and the coated based material was treated in a coagulation aqueous solution containing 15 % of DMF and having a temperature of 30°C for 15 minutes. The solvent was removed in water, followed by washing and drying.
2
2
Each of the thus-obtained sheet materials contained 190 g/m of the polyurethane resin in the fiber aggregate, had a surface polyurethane layer of 180 g/m, and had fine pores formed in the polyurethane resin. Each of these sheet materials (to be referred to as "Examples 6-1, 6-2 and 6-3" hereinafter) was measured for cross-section water absorptivity, a surface water repellency degree and a flexural hardness, and Table 2 shows the results.
A urethane coating composition containing titanium oxide as a pigment was applied to these sheet materials with a gravure roll, and a urethane coating composition containing silicon dioxide as a gloss-adjusting agent was further applied, to produce grained artificial leathers. Shoes were prepared from these artificial leathers by using them as upper materials of golfer shoes, and tested by wearing. As a result, the shoes in Example 6-3 were remarkably excellent without infiltration of water into the shoes even in the rain. While the shoes in Example 6-2 slightly had the infiltration of water, they had no practical problem. The shoes in Example 6-1 were not satisfactory as golfer shoes. However, they were sufficient for casual shoes, athletic shoes, play shoes, etc., which were slightly less required to satisfy the requirements with regard to the cross-section water absorptivity.
2
3
A fiber obtained by mixing 70 % of a polyester fiber (0.8 denier, fiber length 51 mm) that exhibited a shrinkability of 50 % in warm water at 70°C and 30 % of a polyester fiber (0.8 denier, fiber length 51 mm) that exhibited no shrinkability in warm water at 70° C was formed into a web with a carding machine, a cross wrapper and a needle locker. Then, the web was immersed in warm water having a temperature of 70°C for 3 minutes to shrink it to an area that was 58 % of the original area of the web, and the web was subjected to a suction dehydrating machine to attain a water content of 40 %. The web was impregnated with a treatment solution prepared by adding an organic acid zinc as a catalyst to a dispersion of 1 % of methylhydrogenpolysiloxane in water, and squeezed to have a pickup weight of 100 % based on the fiber weight. The web was passed between a stainless steel net belt and a hot cylinder at 140°C to prepare a fiber aggregate (B) having a weight of 330 g/m, a thickness of 1.0 mm and an apparent density of 0.33 g/cm.
Leather-like sheet materials were prepared using the impregnation solutions and the coating solutions in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the fiber aggregate (A) in Example 6 was replaced with the silicon-treated fiber aggregate (B).
2
2
Each of the thus-obtained sheet materials contained 190 g/m of the polyurethane resin in the fiber aggregate, had a surface polyurethane layer of 180 g/m, and had fine pores formed in the polyurethane resin. Each of these sheet materials was measured for cross-section water absorptivity, a surface water repellency degree and a flexural hardness, and Table 2 shows the results.
Grained artificial leathers were obtained in the same manner as in Example 6. Shoes were prepared from these artificial leathers by using them as upper materials of golfer shoes, and tested by wearing. As a result, the shoes in Example 7-3 were remarkably excellent without infiltration of water into the shoes even in the rain. While the shoes in Example 7-2 slightly had the infiltration of water, they had no practical problem. The shoes in Example 7-1 were sufficient for casual shoes, athletic shoes, play shoes, etc., which were slightly less required to satisfy the requirements with regard to the cross-section water absorptivity. However, they were not satisfactory as golfer shoes. Further, the shoes in Example 7 were more flexible than those in Example 6 and were excellent in the feeling of wearing.
A leather-like sheet material and an artificial leather were prepared under the same conditions as those in Example 6-2 except that the water repellent (1) of Example 1 used in Example 6 was replaced with the water-repellent (2) synthesized in Example 2. The impregnation solution (b) and the coating solution (e) were used as such.
Further, a leather-like sheet material and an artificial leather were prepared under the same conditions as those in Example 6-2 except that the above replacement with the water repellent was carried out and further that the fiber aggregate (A) was replaced with the silicon-treated fiber aggregate (B).
These leather-like sheet materials exhibited a cross-section water absorptivity of 0 mm/24 hr and had a surface water repellency degree of 100, and these values remained without any change even after 4 weeks, so that they were excellent in resistance against water absorption.
Leather-like sheet materials and artificial leathers were prepared under the same conditions as those in Example 6-2 except that the water-repellent (1) of Example 1 used in Example 6 was replaced with the water repellents (4) and (5) synthesized in Examples 4 and 5. The impregnation solution (b) and the coating solution (e) were used as such.
In Examples 11 and 12, further, leather-like sheet materials and artificial leathers were prepared under the same conditions as those in Example 6-2 except that the above replacement with the water repellent was carried out and further that the fiber aggregate (A) was replaced with the silicon-treated fiber aggregate (B).
While these leather-like sheet materials were excellent in resistance against water absorption, the water absorptivity tends to decrease slightly when the number of carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkyl increases to excess. However, they were suitable for the object of the present invention. Table 3 shows the results.
Leather-like sheet materials and artificial leathers were prepared under the same conditions as those in Example 6-2 except that the surfactant used in Example 6 was not used. The impregnation solution (b') and the coating solution (e') were used as such.
Further, in Example 14, a leather-like sheet material and an artificial leather were prepared under the same conditions as those in Example 6-2 except that the surfactant was not used and that the fiber aggregate (A) was replaced with the silicon-treated fiber aggregate (B).
While the materials and leathers obtained without the surfactant were excellent in resistance to water absorption, they were slightly hard in feeling. Table 3 also shows the physical properties.
Impregnation solutions of three levels (a, b, c) and coating solutions of three levels (d, e, f) were prepared as treatment solutions in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the water-repellent (1) of Example 1 used in Example 6 was replaced with the conventional water repellent synthesized in Comparative Example 1. Leather-like sheet materials and artificial leathers were prepared under the same conditions as those in Example 6 except for the above.
These leather-like sheet materials were measured for a cross-section water absorptivity and a surface water repellency degree. Table 4 shows the results.
When used in combination with the surfactant, the conventional water repellent of Comparative Example 1 came to be poor in water repellency with the passage of time after the preparation of the leather-like sheet materials, and it was degraded with regard to the cross-section water absorptivity and the surface water repellency degree.
Further, shoes were prepared from these artificial leathers by using them as upper materials of golfer shoes, and tested by wearing. As a result, the shoes suffered infiltration of water into the shoes in the rain and were insufficient as golfer shoes.
A leather-like sheet material and an artificial leather were prepared under the same conditions as those in Example 6-2 except that the water-repellent (1) used in Example 6-2 was not used. The impregnation solution (b) and the coating solution (e) were used as such.
The obtained sheet exhibited a cross-section water absorptivity of 200 mm or more/8 hr and had a surface water absorptivity of 10 %, and they were entirely insufficient for the water absorption resistance of a leather-like sheet.
2
3
A fiber obtained by mixing 50 % of a polyester fiber (0.8 denier, fiber length 51 mm) that exhibited a shrinkability of 50 % in warm water at 70°C and 50 % of a nylon-6 fiber (1.2 denier, fiber length 51 mm) that exhibited no shrinkability in warm water at 70°C was formed into a web with a carding machine, a cross wrapper and a needle locker. Then, the web was immersed in warm water having a temperature of 70°C for 3 minutes to shrink it to an area that was 70 % of the original area of the web, and the web was subjected to a suction dehydrating machine to attain a water content of 40 %. Then, the web was impregnated with a treatment solution prepared by adding an organic acid zinc as a catalyst to a dispersion of 1 % of methylhydrogenpolysiloxane in water, and squeezed to have a pickup weight of 100 % based on the fiber weight. The web was passed between a stainless steel net belt and a hot cylinder at 140°C to prepare a fiber aggregate (C) having a weight of 330 g/m, a thickness of 1.0 mm and an apparent density of 0.26 g/cm.
Leather-like sheet materials and artificial leathers were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the fiber aggregate (A) in Example 6 was replaced with the silicon-treated fiber aggregate (C).
2
2
Each of the thus-obtained sheet materials contained 230 g/m of the polyurethane resin in the fiber aggregate, had a surface polyurethane layer of 180 g/m, and had fine pores formed in the polyurethane resin. Each of these sheet materials was measured for cross-section water absorptivity, a surface water repellency degree and a flexural hardness, and Table 4 shows the results.
Like Example 6, shoes were prepared from these artificial leathers by using them as upper materials of golfer shoes, and tested by wearing. As a result, the shoes in Example 15-3 were remarkably excellent without infiltration of water into the shoes even in the rain. While the shoes in Example 15-2 slightly had the infiltration of water, they had no practical problem. The shoes in Example 15-1 were not satisfactory as golfer shoes. However, they were sufficient for casual shoes, athletic shoes, play shoes, etc., which were slightly less required to satisfy the requirements with regard to the cross-section water absorptivity.
Impregnation solutions of three levels and coating solutions of three levels were prepared as treatment solutions in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the water-repellent (1) of Example 1 used in Example 6 was replaced with the conventional water repellent synthesized in Comparative Example 1 and the surfactant used in Example 6 was not used. Leather-like sheet materials and artificial leathers were prepared under the same conditions as those in Example 6 except for the above.
Further, leather-like sheet materials and artificial leathers were prepared under the same conditions as the above except that the water repellent was changed and that the fiber aggregate (A) was replaced with the silicon-treated fiber aggregate (B).
Table 5 also shows physical properties.
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17
2
2
420 Parts of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,050 and 95 parts of polytetramethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 950 were provided as a dihydric polyol, and Coronate L (supplied by Nippon Polyurethane, NCO % = 13.2 %, solid content 75 %, adduct of 1 mol of trimethylolpropane and 3 mol of tolylene diisocyanate) having a molecular weight of 656 was provided as a trifunctional isocyanate. These components were reacted to prepare a prepolymer having a terminal isocyanate group, and the prepolymer was dissolved in acetone. Then, the prepolymer and 928 parts of perfluorooctyl-hydroxy-ethane (CF-CHCHOH) were reacted to give a solution of 20 % of a fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound, of which the terminal isocyanate group was blocked with the fluorine compound, in an organic solvent. Then, the solution was stirred with a homogenizer, and while the temperature inside was adjusted to 30° C ± 2° C, 12,025 parts of water was added, to prepare a dispersion mixture. While the dispersion mixture was adjusted such that it did not have a temperature of 40° C or higher, acetone was removed by distillation under vacuum, to prepare a dispersion of 20 % of the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound in water.
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17
The above fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound as a water repellent had an average molecular weight of 4,200, and it was a compound in which four fluorine-containing side chains having a molecular weight of 419 (CF) each were bonded to a urethane-bond-containing compound having an average molecular weight of 2,520. Further, the fluorine-containing side-chain-modified urethane compound had a fluorine content of 31 %, the number of urethane bonds per molecule was 12, and the number of urethane bonds per a molecular weight of 1,000 was 2.9. Further, it had the form of opaque emulsion and was stable at room temperature.
2
Chips of nylon-6 and a low-density polyethylene were blended in an amount ratio of 50:50, and a fiber was spun therefrom at 285° C to give a "sea-islands" type blended fiber in which nylon-6 constituted islands. This fiber was spun and drawn, and then it was cut to 51 mm to obtain short fibers of 4.5 denier (5.0 dtex). The short fibers were processed through carding, cross wrapper, needle locker and hot calender processes to prepare a non-woven fabric having a weight of 560 g/m and a thickness of 1.8 mm.
2
A polyol mixture containing polytetramethylene glycol (Mw 2,020) and polybutylene adipate (Mw 1,980) in a molar ratio of 60:40, diphenylmethane diisocyanate and ethylene glycol were reacted in dimethylformamide, to prepare a polyurethane resin having a 100 % elongation modulus of 100 kg/cm. A polyoxy-modified dimethylpolysiloxane (FG-10, supplied by Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) as a porous agent was added to the above polyurethane resin, to prepare an impregnation solution having a solid content of 15 %.
The above non-woven fabric was immersed in the impregnation solution, and the immersed non-woven fabric was squeezed coagulated in water to form a sheet. The sheet was placed in a toluene at 95°C to remove the low-density polyethylene constituting the "sea" component of the fiber by extraction, and the toluene was azeotropically removed in hot water at 90°C. The sheet was dried to give a sheet material composed of a fiber aggregate and the polyurethane resin. Further, the sheet material was buffed with a polishing machine, to prepare a sheet having fluffings, and the sheet was dyed in brown with a metallized dye. The thus-obtained sheet material was a nubuck-toned sheet in which 800 very fine fibers having an average denier of 0.003 were bundled.
The water-dispersible water repellent (6) in Example 16 was diluted to a concentration of 1 %, and the above-obtained sheet material was immersed therein. Then, the immersed sheet material was squeezed to have a pickup amount of 100 % based on the sheet weight and dried, to give a leather-like sheet material that was water-repellency-treated. The thus-obtained material had a flexural hardness of 1.5 g/cm.
The above leather-like sheet material was as soft as a non-treated sheet and excellent in water repellency, and no infiltration of water into the bundled fibers was observed. The cross-section water absorptivity thereof was 2 mm/hr. and the surface water repellency degree thereof was 100 %. Further, the above leather-like sheet material exhibited no change with the passage of time after 4 weeks, the cross-section water absorptivity data thereof immediately after the preparation, after 1 week and after 4 weeks were 0 mm/24 hr, 1 mm/hr and 2 mm/hr, respectively, and the surface water repellency degree data was 100 % each time. | |
A heroin addict is being injected by his friend on a roadside in Pakistan in the early morning. Photo by Yusuke Harada from “Behind the War on Terror” on SocialDocumentary.net.
RELATED ARTICLE
“Documentary Photography”
– Glenn RugaSocialDocumentary.net (SDN) was founded on the belief that documentary photographers can play a valuable role in raising awareness about complex global issues.
Often a photographer will spend years on the ground immersed in the culture, geography and politics of a situation. The photographer’s work might be purchased by a newspaper, magazine or Web site to illustrate an article, but almost invariably the photo is used to illustrate a point conceived by the buyer of the image and the photographer has little or no control over the writing and editing.
Our Web site was conceived to honor the integrity of the photographic image and the insights of photographers from around the world. SDN charges a nominal fee to photographers who create online exhibits, accompanied by their own words. Visitors include photo editors, curators, researchers, students, and the general public interested in photography and global issues. | https://niemanreports.org/articles/documentary-photographers-have-their-say-in-words-and-pictures/ |
The invention discloses a vehicle load state recognition method and device based on driving behavior feature extraction. The recognition method comprises the steps that historical operation data of atarget vehicle in a preset time period and real-time operation data at the current moment are acquired; calculating motor vehicle specific power and specific power interval distribution of the trajectory data of different time granularities according to the historical operation data and the real-time operation data; determining the specific power distribution difference of the target vehicle in different load states according to the specific power of the motor vehicle and the specific power interval distribution; fitting according to the specific power distribution difference, and determininga probability density function; and determining a corresponding relationship between the vehicle load state discrimination threshold and the load state of the vehicle according to the probability density function, and identifying the load state of the target vehicle. By implementing the method and the device, extra equipment does not need to be added, the application range is relatively wide, theactual identification result cannot be influenced by the influence of sensing equipment or the environment where the sensing equipment is located, and the accuracy is improved. | |
The Parsec Youth Network is offering free remote tutoring services to Ontario Students.
Parsec Youth Network has created an initiative to offer students, from grades 1-12, free access to online tutoring services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their mission is to help out children and parents who are worried about the cancellation of classes and the transition to online learning.
As schools shift to online learning due to COVID-19, students will be presented with a challenging transition that makes access to academic help more difficult. This is especially true for those whose families may not be able to afford it during stressful times like these, and those whose caregivers are working overtime at the front-lines of the crisis. For this reason, The Parsec Youth Network has committed to building a community of volunteers to help with this initiative, and provide a valuable resource for parents.
Tutoring sessions will be provided remotely (via Skype, Google Hangouts, etc.) by higher-level students (ver 100 high school, college/university and medical students have signed up as tutors so far, and are excited to start tutoring!).
Registration is open to students from all locations in Ontario and once signed up, volunteers will work to match students up with the appropriate tutors (by subject, availability, etc). | https://childslife.ca/parsec-youth-network-free-online-tutoring/ |
Doctor insights on:
Waterproof Casts For Broken Bones
1
Will broken hands need plaster casts?
Splinting or casting: In the proper position is the single most important ting to treat a hand fracture. Finger and hand joints get stiff quiclky if poorly positioned. The immobilzation must offer a secure afe position that allows healing to ccur without prolonging recovery. Typically this is for a nondisplaced or displaced fracture that can be held stable. For unfixable or unstalbe fractures internal fixaiton is adde. ...Read more
Fracture (Definition)
A fracture is a broken bone. As there is cartilage at the end of many bones at the joint, a fracture may also include a break in the cartilage. Fractures and broken bones are the same thing. It seems that many believe that a "fracture" is a lesser injury or an incomplete break in the bone, but this is not correct. Fractures may be displaced or ...Read more
2
Non displaced fracture, ankle w/ space in fibula. Cast removed, no boot ordered told to walk. Dr; if gap doesn't close will rebreak and plate. Advice?
Fibula fracture: Does not sound like the fracture is healed yet. Suggest a boot for protection and get a second opinion. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
3
How long should I wear a air cast for two bone chip fractures foot/ ankle?
As your doctor says.: We don't know the size of the chips or the extent of your injury. Sometimes damage to tendons, ligaments and muscles can be more serious than small chips. Your doc knows the answer or will refer to an orthopedist or a podiatrist if needed. Without knowing that, we can't give you a very accurate answer, but it could take 4-6 weeks or more to heal.. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
4
How much is trimalleolar fracture curable by insertion of metal plates and screws?
Very: This one is among the severest of fractures; and the 'hardware' is placed to stabilize the joint so it can help the joint heal. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
5
Broken wrist with cast, running allowed?
broken wrist: Sometimes, but this depends on the stability of the fracture. Please discuss with your orthopedic surgeon. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
6
Are the plates and screws used to fix a broken ankle permanent?
Hardware: Can go either way. Depends on if the hardware is bothersome after you heal the fracture. Plates and screws are used to hold the bones in place til the fracture heals. Once healed, the hardware is useless... Consult your doc if you feel you want the hardware removed. ...Read moreSee 2 more doctor answers
7
How is trimalleolar fracture curable by insertion of metal plates and screws?
It will help to: Position of the bone correctly so it will heal correctly. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
8
3rd and 4th metacarpals broken. have 1 screw for each of the broken bones. they used volar slab as a cast. it is possible to use ulnar gutter slab?
Hand fracture: Yes as long as the third and fourth metacarpals are protected an ulnar gutter splint would be fine and may be more comfortable ...Read more
9
Can you wear ankle fracture boot instead of cast?
Ankle Fracture Boot: It depends on why you need the cast versus the boot. Sometimes you need to start with a cast and transition to a boot. Some physicians will use a boot or a cast depending on the severity of the injury. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
10
Fibula spiral fracture at ankle: 6 weeks in cast, typically, what is follow up treatment after cast is removed?X rays look great.
See below: May or may not need physical therapy depending on motion and pain. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
11
Will bones heal after removing the screws and plates?
Yes: Are removal or orthopedic fixation devices (eg. Screws/plates), the bones remodel and fill in the defects left by the hardware. ...Read more
12
Does screw removal from ankle require a cast? Screws removed from bone
Varies: It does vary in part on surgeons preference and also the nature of the bone and fracture involved. When the screw is removed, there is a hollow bone tunnel left where the screw was that slowly fills in with bone. In some situations, this can act as a stress riser to create a new fracture and that is the usual rationale for protecting some patients with a cast after screw removal. Thank you. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
13
Bayonet apposition of complete fractured radius and ulna under arm cast as seen in xray both bones are in parallel position, would it heal?
Yes : As i told you before it would be best if this were treated operatively but yes it will most probably heal but with some loss of function/ length / motion ect also check vit d level as if it is low then healing will be negatively impacted. ...Read more
14
I am wearing a cast for complete breaks of ulna\radius. Is it possible to displace the alignment of the bones while wearing a cast?
Yes, absolutely : A cast provides some protection and stability to a reduced fracture, but the bones can still displace - especially in the first 2-3 weeks. Plates and screws are better at stabilizing the fracture. Things that you can do: follow your doctor's restrictions regarding use of the arm (no lifting, etc), follow up regularly for x-ray, keep the cast clean and dry, change your cast if it become loose. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
15
Is cast or boot better for ankle fracture?
Depends: It really depends on the type of ankle fracture you have but in general a cast is better for most fractures to best immobilize the bones so the fracture heals in place properly especially if you had surgical correction with orif. ...Read moreSee 2 more doctor answers
16
How effective is wearing a cast for a slightly displaced tibial spiral fracture?
Very effective: Wearing a cast is one the method of the treatment for this kind of fracture. ...Read more
17
How long does femur fracture (cominuted ) heal by using external fixation ?
Temporary fixation: Fracture of femur usually requires surgery to repair. Most of the adult femur fractures are trated by i/m rod that goes in side the bone to stabilize it while it heals. If for some reason i/m rod is not an option then external fixator is applied with a metal bar outside to keep bone in position so it can heal. Femur will usually take 3-6 month to heal , but it gets stronger every month. ...Read more
18
Had boxers fracture in splint for 14 days. Can i take off splint and buddy splint and wrap my metacarpal bones 2-5 in self adherent wrap?
Depends on healing: I do allow buddy taping of the 5th and 4th fingers for a 5th metacarpal fracture once the fracture has stabilized. Fracture stability is indicated by lack of new displacement and angulation plus the presence of new bone on the x-rays, indicating healing. ...Read moreSee 1 more doctor answer
19
Broke ankle thru. 2plates, 14 screws. 13 days cast and stitches removed. Sent home in tensor bandage. Is that normal?
Ankle fracture: Usually for an operated fractured ankle, there needs to be outside stability as well as internal stability around the fracture. This means a splint/cast until fracture healing is deemed satisfactory. It is different for all patients. If your physician felt your ankle fracture has healed satisfactorily enough, then it may be "normal". Please post more details if questions. Hope i helped! ...Read moreSee 2 more doctor answers
20
Stress fracture- 3rd metatarsal- still not healed after 13 weeks boot, crutches. Specialist? (is surgery necessary?) or a cast to further immobilize? | https://www.healthtap.com/topics/waterproof-casts-for-broken-bones |
On another occasion after watching Deboo’s choreography on Bolero, a gentleman told him with pride, “I have seen Bolero danced by Maya Plisetskaya”. Not very much later, Deboo was in Paris choreographing for the celebrated Russian Ballerina Maya Plisetskaya at the invitation of Pierre Cardin. “I did not write to the gentleman, but did think about him while I was giving her instructions,” says the veteran.
Such anecdotes peppered Astad Deboo’s conversation with Sadanand Menon and Padmini Chettur at the Goethe Institute, marking his 50th year as a contemporary dancer. He spoke about his journey as an artiste, breaking boundaries and creating his own space in the contemporary dance scene.
This midnight’s child (born in 1947) did not have it easy as a dancer. As a young boy growing up in Jamshedpur, he was sent for Kathak training along with his sisters. He enjoyed being a Kathak dancer but around the time he was finishing his degree in commerce and economics in Mumbai, in 1969, he took a decision to hitchhike to the United States. He first got on to a cargo ship to the Port of Khorramshahr in Iran. He had goats for company and remembers enjoying the journey and admiring the mountains of Oman. He hitchhiked through Iran, Turkey, Greece, Austria, Germany and Switzerland.
Small performances came by chance here and there. He gave Kathak classes in exchange for studying Martha Graham style of dance at The Place in London. He began to travel again taking cheap charter flights and boats, conducted classes in exchange for learning different kinds of dance, like Afro jazz, as well as cash, and managed to travel across Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Taiwan, Vietnam (during the war, which was a real eye-opener), Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, South America. In Japan, he also taught English and became a fashion model.
At the carnival in Rio de Janeiro, he met a Russian ballet teacher who invited him to teach a few classes, and subsequently, met a lady who was fascinated by his work and invited him to stay with her; she turned out to be the daughter of a former president of Brazil. In Buenos Aires, a friend had put him in touch with someone who also turned out to be a former Argentinian president’s daughter. These relationships also helped him later, as he started getting invited to perform in different countries.
During the conversation Padmini Chettur mentioned the watershed event in the history of contemporary dance that the Goethe Institute, Mumbai, had organised in 1984. She was present there, as well as at another turning point in the contemporary dance history, a coming together of dance practitioners at London in 1993.
He was somehow kept in the margins with the divas of Indian contemporary dance with their fantastic articulation of their ideas but Astad Deboo was undaunted.
He has worked with the likes of Pina Bausch and many other great artistes of our times. He has worked with Dhrupad exponents Gundecha brothers, who worked with Chandralekha later.
“Collaborations with artistes from other disciplines have been gratifying,” says Deboo. Puppetry with Dadi Pudumjee, Manipuri martial art Thang Ta and Manipuri folk dance Pung Cholam have given different layers to his work. He was keen to choreograph with different vocabularies without imposing on the fundamentals of those forms.
Questions that Sadanand Menon asked about political statements in the forms and the narrative nature of his style were answered through clippings that were shown during the discussion. The clippings were from ‘An Evening with Astad’, a conversation with Rani Nair, a choreographer in Sweden. “She asked me questions that I had never encountered earlier,” says Deboo.
A collaboration with a school for the hearing impaired posed a different kind of challenge for Astad Deboo, but he found the artistes extremely receptive and grasping everything quickly and easily.
With the Clarke School for the Deaf in Chennai, he has done over 70 shows, including opening the Deaflympics in Melbourne, shows in Granada, Singapore and at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Delhi.
Well-known theatre director and filmmaker Sunil Shanbhag has made a documentary on Deboo that conveys his understanding of the artiste’s intention. The clippings convey a vibrant understanding of the intention of the artist and his intense articulation in rhythm.
Staging ‘Liminal’
Astad Deboo’s performance ‘Liminal: Below the edge’ at the Goethe Institute, Chennai, dealt with the turmoil, unrest and uncertainty being experienced by everyone today. It has music by Michael Brook, Paul Giger and the late U. Shrinivas. Deboo describes his style as ‘contemporary in vocabulary and traditional in restraints.’ Deboo enters the bare stage with his trademark gesture of stretched arms and fingers. The dance explores the stage like a painting in progress with slow habitation of the space in movements that is simple, deliberate and subtle.
Deboo’s training in Kathakali is seen in his hand gestures and extremely subtle shivering of the cheek muscles. But it is the Indonesian dance movements that seem to dominate. I watch his feet with fascination, the way they clutch the ground and the way the toes bend as he moves. This has become a trademark Deboo style. It is almost a state of being, a feeling, rather than an action.
There is an earnestness of purpose that can almost fatigue the viewers.
The movements are not coming from outer analysis but from an inner motivation. There is a unique shade of dynamism in gestures and steps. Astad Deboo has found a language of movement for himself . | https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/astad-deboo-the-creative-traveller/article29100345.ece |
1/17/12
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Synthesis approachesThere are two approaches to the synthesis of nanomaterials and the fabrication of nanostructures: top-down and bottom-up. Attrition or milling is a typical top-down method in making nanoparticles, whereas the colloidal dispersion is a good example of bottom-up approach in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Lithography may be considered as a hybrid approach, since the growth of thin films is bottom-up whereas etching is top-down, while nanolithography and nano manipulation are commonly a bottom-up approach.Both approaches play very important role in nanotechnology. There are advantages and disadvantages in both approaches. Among others, the biggest problem with top-down approach is the imperfection of the surface structure. It is well known that the conventional top-down techniques such as lithography can cause significant crystallographic damage to the processed and additional defects may be introduced even during the etching steps. For example, nanowires made by lithography are not smooth and may contain a lot of impurities and structural defects on surface. Such imperfections would have a significant impact on physical properties and surface chemistry of nanostructures and nanomaterials, since the surface over volume ratio in nanostructures and nanomaterials is very large. The surface imperfection would result in a reduced conductivity due to inelastic surface scattering, which in turn would lead to the generation of excessive heat and thus impose extra challenges to the device design and fabrication. Regardless of the surface imperfections and other defects that top-down approaches may introduce, they will continue to play an important role in the synthesis and fabrication of nanostructures and nanomaterials.Bottom-up approachBottom-up approach is often emphasized in nanotechnology literature, though bottom-up is nothing new in materials synthesis. Typical material synthesis is to build atom by atom on a very large scale, and has been in industrial use for over a century. Examples include the production of salt and nitrate in chemical industry, the growth of single crystals and deposition of films in electronic industry. For most materials, there is no difference in physical properties of materials regardless of the synthesis routes, provided that chemical composition, crystallinity, and microstructure of the material in question are identical. Of course, different synthesis and processing approaches often result in appreciable differences in chemical composition, crystallinity, and microstructure of the material due to kinetic reasons. Consequently, the material exhibits different physical properties.Bottom-up approach refers to the build-up of a material from the bottom: atom-by-atom, molecule-by-molecule, or cluster-by-cluster. In organic chemistry and/or polymer science, we know polymers are synthesized by connecting individual monomers together. In crystal growth, growth species, such as atoms, ions and molecules, after impinging onto the growth surface, assemble into crystal structure one after another.Although the bottom-up approach is nothing new, it plays an important role in the fabrication and processing of nanostructures and nanomaterials. There are several reasons for this. When structures fall into a nanometer scale, there is little choice for a top-down approach. All the tools we have possessed are too big to deal with such tiny subjects. Bottom-up approach also promises a better chance to obtain nanostructures with less defects, more homogeneous chemical composition, and better short and long range ordering. This is because the bottom-up approach is driven mainly by the reduction of Gibbs free energy, so that nanostructures and nanomaterials such produced are in a state closer to a thermodynamic equilibrium state. On the contrary, top-down approach most likely introduces internal stress, in addition to surface defects and contaminations.
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1939: The Polish Campaign
After they had been alarmed in their peacetime garrisons on August 20, 1939, the divisional units assembled near Poysdorf (Lower Austria) from where the division moved to the Frankstadt – Friedeck – Mistek area in former “Austrian Silesia” of the old Habsburg Monarchy. Just before the outbreak of hostilities the division was redeployed to Moravia via Jablunka Pass. On September 1, 1939 the divisional artillery opened up at 04.45 hrs exactly: war as on! Polish border defenses were quickly overcome but near Jordanov the division met fierce resistance: Polish Officer Cadets from Crakow were fighting to the death against the German invaders.
Location of 2. Panzer Division on 8/31/39:
The operational tasks of the 2. Panzer Division in the Polish campaign were twofold:
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To Perform as an armored spearhead in the gigantic pincer movement which was to trap and annihilate the Polish armies in modern “Blitzkrieg” manner. In this role the division performed excellently, making contact with the northern pincer arm south of Brest Litovsk and thus firmly sealing off the huge pocket in which the enemy was facing complete annihilation.
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To build up a strong barrier position northwest of Lemberg to prevent the Polish forces from escaping to Rumania which was still neutral in 1939. The division accomplished this in close cooperation with her sister division (4th Light, renamed 9th Panzer Division in 1940).
In the course of her offensive operations the 2. Panzer Division had crossed the San River which was earmarked as the future German –Soviet demarcation line according to the secret pre-war “Hitler-Stalin pact”. Thus the division had to stop any further eastward movements now and retreated back over the San after Russian advance units had made their appearance and all necessary contacts were established. After the Polish campaign had come to its end the division moved back to her home garrisons where the units were jubilantly welcomed by the civil population.
Location of 2. Panzer Division on 9/26/39:
2. Panzer Divisional Map Showing Route Through Poland:
1939 KStN: | https://www.2panzerdivision.net/detailed-history |
Q:
On the definition of tensor product for modules of commutative and non-commutative rings.
Let $A$ be a ring and $M_A$ and $_AN$ be two $A$-modules. The tensor product $T = M \otimes_A N \in \mathsf{Ab}$ for $A$ non necessarily commutative is an abelian group, where as the tensor product $T' = M \otimes_A N$ of $M$ and $N$ as $A$-modules over a commutative ring has the structure of an $A$-module.
When $A$ is commutative, can $T$ be given an $A$-module structure such that $T \simeq T'$ in $A-\mathsf{mod}$? Is this a 'canonical' construction? If so, I would highly appreciate a categorical reformulation of this statement.
A:
There are many ways to see this, but one is the following: in general, if $M$ is an $A$-$B$-bimodule and $N$ is a $B$-$C$-bimodule, then we can define $M\otimes_B N$, and it is an $A$-$C$-bimodule. We get the relations $mb\otimes n = m\otimes bn$, $a\cdot (m\otimes n)=(am)\otimes n$ and $(m\otimes n)\cdot c = m\otimes (nc)$.
Now a right $A$-module is the same thing as a $\mathbb{Z}$-$A$-bimodule, and a left $A$ module is the same thing as a $A$-$\mathbb{Z}$-bimodule, so in the setting of the question, we get $M\otimes_A N$, which is a $\mathbb{Z}$-$\mathbb{Z}$-bimodule, which is the same thing as an abelian group.
But when $A$ is commutative, $M$ and $N$ are both $A$-$A$-bimodules in a canonical way (the left and right actions of $A$ are the same, which makes sense because $A$ is commutative), so $M\otimes_A N$ is also an $A$-$A$-bimodule, and it is easy to check that the left and right action of $A$ coincide, so this is just an $A$-module. (Very quickly, $a(m\otimes n)=am\otimes n = m\otimes an = (m\otimes n)a$).
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Attracting and retaining employees is a constant struggle for organizations of any size, but it’s particularly so for small businesses. With smaller teams, employers need to hold onto talent whenever possible. And that can be a challenge, especially when resources are scarce as they are currently amid the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The American economy is finally recovering after more than a year of stagnation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. President Joe Biden’s administration wants to continue this momentum and further stimulate the economy. To help in that effort, President Biden recently signed an executive order aimed at increasing competition among businesses.
Returning to in-person work is a top priority for many workplaces. As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lessens, employers are eager to get employees back in their buildings. But that comes with a series of complications.
The IRS has set the maximum amounts employees can funnel into their health savings accounts and health reimbursement accounts (HRAs) for the 2022 policy year.
Research has found that employers who offered their workers stand-alone vision benefits experienced $5.8 billion in cost savings in the aggregate over four years due to reduced health care costs, avoided productivity losses, and lower turnover rates.
Employee communication refers to how organizations communicate with their employees—and conversely, how employees communicate with organizational leadership. While dialogue takes place in every workplace to some capacity, organizations that think and act strategically when communicating with employees may be able to realize benefits.
How to Create a Flextime Policy
4/21/2021
With so many people having been relegated to remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic, many employers are now wrestling with how to proceed as it starts to wane. Many companies are considering implementing hybrid, flextime work schedules after seeing success with remote work.
For a growing number of employers, voluntary accident insurance plans may play a part in rounding out employee benefits packages to help employees pay for unexpected costs. Accidents can happen to anyone—and the reality is that accidents do happen. In fact, more than 80 million people in the United States seek medical treatment for injuries each year.
Year-round Benefits Engagement
3/29/2021
Open enrollment is something you probably only think about a few times a year. For employees, it might be even less often. That’s why it’s important to touch on benefits throughout the year—to ensure employees are making the most of them. Here are five steps for providing employees with thoughtful, year-round benefits engagement:
Overview of the American Rescue Plan
3/15/2021
The $1.9 trillion relief bill, known as the American Rescue Plan, has been signed into law by President Joe Biden. Highlights of the bill include extended unemployment benefits, direct checks to individuals and more. | https://www.friedman-group.com/news/category/employee-benefits |
PURPOSE: To successively attain a normal control operation even when one part of a multivariable input and output is abnormal due to the fault of a sensor or an actuator.
CONSTITUTION: This device is equipped with a manipulated variable calculating means 2 which inputs a controlled variable signal from the plant being controlled system, and computes a control output so that the signal can follow-up a set value, and a model storage part 3 which stores plural models describing the causality of each combination of each input and output of a controlled process 1. And also, the device is equipped with an abnormality detecting means 4 which inputs a manipulated variable from the manipulated variable calculating means 2 and a manipulated variable signal from the controlled object, always monitors it, and detects the abnormal state, and a model selecting means 5 which selects the model corresponding to the normal input and output from the model storage part 3 when the abnormality is detected by the abnormality detecting means 4. Then, the manipulated variable calculating means 2 calculates the control output so that an applied evaluation reference can be the minimum by using the model selected by the model selecting means 5.
COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO&Japio | |
The prediction of Autoignition (AI) delay is an essential prerequisite to account for abnormal combustions (e.g. knock or super knock) that can appear in Internal Combustion (IC) engines. In this paper, a simple model called Ignition to Propagation Reduced Scheme (IPRS) is proposed to add AI predictions in reduced chemical schemes, which are classically used to compute in-cylinder combustion in the context of Large Eddy Simulations (LES). The IPRS principle is to use a single two-reaction reduced scheme and adapt the pre-exponential factor of the fuel oxidation reaction as a function of the temperature: one value is used at low temperatures to correctly predict AI delays and an other one can be used at higher temperatures, where heat release occurs, to keep the flame propagation properties of the chemical scheme. After a first section that introduces the model, Perfectly Stirred Reactors and 1D flames simulations are used to verify that: (1) the modification of the pre-exponential constant of the Arrhenius law at low temperature does not alter the propagation properties of the reduced scheme and (2) this modification is sufficient to accurately predict AI delays. In a following section this model is implemented in a 3D LES solver to compute AI in a simplified IC engine for which results with complex chemistries are available and may be used as a reference for comparison. In the last section this model is applied to a highly downsized engine to illustrate its ability to predict AI in real engine configurations. | https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13524/ |
Running head: STRATEGIC PLAN UPDATE Strategic Plan Update STR/581 Implementation Plan Kudler Fine Foods implementation plan gives an outline of the major phases of the strategies that have been discussed.
In Figure 1, the Gantt chart gives the objectives of the strategies to be implemented followed by the functional tactics, actions, and the deadlines that must be met. Figure 2 contains the Work Breakdown Schedule (WBS) of the new product development strategy of the company.It gives the details of the responsibility of each department and the dependency of these departments to complete the milestone (Australian Government, 2009). Figure 1: Gantt Chart of the new strategies of Kudler Fine Foods Figure 2: Work Breakdown Schedule of the new product development of Kudler Fine Foods. Risk management Plan Risk management plan is a useful tool that prepares organizations for major changes. Most businesses have fallen short because the lack of preparation. Kudler Fine Foods must always be aware of any problems or changes that may occur and have a contingency plan on hand.Those changes can create other alternatives.
Kathy must be able to identify and understand any changes or risks. Lack of changes can keep all tasks and other projects on time and within its budget. Most risk management plans fall short because of the lack of time for research and other problem-solving tools. To stay with its time frame, Kathy Kudler must keep all research within her budget.
This means making sure that all materials are ordered at a certain time, keeping the salaries within the approved budget, and staying within the budget on the opening stages of the business.According to surrey. ac. uk, good risk management provides upward assurance from business activities and administrative functions, from department to faculties, to the senior management team and ultimately to the governing body. Potential benefits from risk management are that the company is promoting improvement, the company can quick grasp of new opportunities, and reassuring stakeholders is a plus as well.
Toolbox. com has a list of critical success factors to make a project or plan successful: ) Focus on business processes and requirements first 2) Focus on achieving a healthy ROI (Return on Investment) 3) Strong project management and resource commitment. 4) Commitment from company executives 5) Take time to plan up front 6) Ensure adequate training and change management 7) Make sure to understand the reason for implementing Conclusion References Australian Government. (2009). Prime Minister & Government.
Retrieved from http://www. dpmc. gov. | https://lagas.org/kudler-strategic-plan-update-14165-essay/ |
House-call pet grooming is different from salon pet grooming. There are some things that we prefer pawrents to prepare before their scheduled grooming appointment.
- A space near a powerpoint for us to plug in our dryer and clipper.
- Towel & toothbrush (for pawsonal hygiene)
- Shampoo (if your fur baby have sensitive skin or skin issues, it would be best recommended to use yours instead of ours)
- Broom & Dustpan/Vacuum (for us to clean up after the session)
Other than the mentioned items above, we will bring the other equipment that we need. | https://groomingpitstop.com/index.php/tag/pet-grooming/ |
By Bradford Smith, George Blumenthal, Laura Kay
Teaches scholars to imagine like scientists.
Authors Laura Kay and Stacy Palen have built pedagogy that is helping scholars comprehend the method of technological know-how, and the way actual rules are used to find the origins of the universe. The authors emphasize how we all know what we all know within the figures, textual content, and end-of-chapter material.
Read Online or Download 21st Century Astronomy (4th Edition) PDF
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Extra resources for 21st Century Astronomy (4th Edition)
Example text
Do they have anything to do with me? The origin and fate of the universe, and the nature of space and time, have become the subjects of rigorous scientific investigation. Humans have long speculated about our beginnings, or origins. Who or what is responsible for our existence? How did the Sun, stars, and Earth form? The topic of scientific origins is a recurring theme in this book. The answers that scientists are finding to these questions are changing not only our view of the cosmos, but our view of ourselves.
For example, a circle of radius R has an area A equal to πR 2, so we say that the area is proportional to the square of the radius, and we write A ∝ R2 This means that if you make the radius of a circle 3 times as large, its area will grow by a factor of 32, or 9. Let’s consider a simple astronomical example. The surface area of a sphere is proportional to the square of its radius, or 4πR2. The radius of the Moon is only about one-quarter that of Earth. How does the surface area of the Moon compare with that of Earth?
If a hill is big, then a mountain is very big. If a mountain is very big, then Earth is enormous. But where do we go from there? We quickly run out of superlatives as the scale begins to dwarf our human experience. One technique that can help us develop a sense for the size of The travel time of light things in the universe is helps us understand the to discuss time as well as scale of the universe. distance. If you are driving down the highway at 60 kilometers per hour (km/h), a kilometer is how far you travel in a minute. | http://www.shesaid.com.br/library/21-st-century-astronomy-4-th-edition |
All Coronavirus restrictions have now been lifted in England. We are still implementing some of the measures across the nursery to help prevent the spread of illnesses such as Coronavirus. These include:
- Regular hand washing
- Good respiratory hygiene
- Well ventilated spaces
You may still want to know how we responded to the coronavirus pandemic, so please read the information below to find out more. These measures are no longer in place, but we are ready to respond in the event of a further outbreak.
Our response to the Coronavirus pandemic
We have been working extremely hard to ensure all areas of our nursery are COIVD-19 secure. We regularly update our risk assessment and ensure our team are working together to provide a safe environment for children in our care. The main changes which have taken place are:
- Separate entrances for each room – We now greet children and parents outdoors wearing full PPE. Children are brought into the nursery by a member of staff and are supported in using hand sanitiser or washing hands upon arrival.
- Separate staff teams – Each room has an individual staff team and child to staff ratios have been increased to allow for break cover and increased cleaning schedules. Each room “bubble” has a separate break out area for staff to use.
- Social distancing – We do not expect children to social distance whilst at nursery. We still provide cuddles and close reassurance when needed, as this helps children to feel safe and secure. Staff do ensure they remain socially distant from each other throughout the day and the layout of the rooms have been developed to ensure this is possible.
- Cleaning, cleaning and more cleaning – We have limited the number of resources we have available on a daily basis in line with Government guidance. All resources are cleaned at the end of each session and those which cannot be cleaned are quarantined for the recommended period. Frequent touch areas are cleaned regularly throughout the day and the whole nursery gets a thorough clean each evening.
- Hand hygiene – We ensure hand washing is part of our daily routine and both children and staff are encouraged to wash their hands regularly throughout the day.
- Outdoor play and ventilation – Children are encouraged to play outdoors for a large part of their day at nursery. We provide waterproof clothing for rainy days and have covered outdoor play areas for children to access. Windows are kept open throughout the day to ensure adequate ventilation.
You can find the most recent updates from the Government regarding the measures in place for Early Years settings here. | https://www.littleoaksnurseryleeds.co.uk/parent-zone/coronavirus/ |
More than 50 countries, including Australia, New Zealand, Canada and New Zealand have passed laws imposing new sanctions on companies and individuals that help to facilitate the trade in counterfeit goods, as part of an effort to curb counterfeit and pirated goods that are increasingly becoming a significant part of global commerce.
The new laws, which were introduced by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), aim to stop the export of counterfeit goods to countries such as China, Iran, Russia, Venezuela and Thailand, where counterfeit goods have been linked to widespread human rights abuses.
“The international community is doing everything we can to fight this scourge, and to ensure that counterfeiting products are never allowed to enter the global marketplace,” UNODC Director General Juan Luis Gonzalez said in a statement on Thursday.
“This is a complex and multi-layered issue and the global community will not tolerate any efforts to export the most harmful products.”
Mr Gonzalez said that despite the efforts to restrict the export trade, counterfeiters continue to be able to get their hands on high-quality counterfeit goods.
“There is a continuing global trade in goods with very little oversight, which means that many companies and people have a direct and direct role in creating this problem,” he said.
“We have to find a way to work together to find solutions that make our communities safer, and the counterfeiters pay.”‘
I have no idea what’s going on’The United States, which has long been the top destination for counterfeiters to send goods into the United States from China, has already cracked down on the importation of counterfeiters goods, according to UNODD data.
The United Kingdom has also recently imposed sanctions on individuals and companies that assist and facilitate the export and sale of counterfeit products.
But, despite the sanctions, experts are concerned that some counterfeiters may continue to sell goods at prices that are higher than what the law requires.
“I have absolutely no idea how this business is going to operate and how much it will actually be able sell,” Australian National University economist and former UNODc official Kevin Fenton said.
Australia’s new anti-counterfeiting legislation was introduced on January 8, the same day that China imposed a new round of new restrictions on the trade.
Mr Fenton is one of the country’s leading experts on counterfeiters.
He said there was a real possibility that counterfeiters will continue to operate on a very low-cost basis, with prices that undercut the value of legitimate products.
“It is not clear that it is possible to stop this kind of thing and not allow a real threat of this kind to emerge,” he told the ABC. | https://mawthoq.com/were-just-getting-started-the-latest-news-from-around-the-world/ |
Continuing with the Maze Game in Flash: Beat the Clock!
We’re going to add a simple timer to our maze game that we’ve been working on. (If you’ve missed a few sessions, start here.)
We want the timer to start at 1000 and count down to the player’s imminent doom.
To set up the initial value for the timer, let’s create a variable called scarytimer.var scarytimer:Number=1000;
Put that code at the very top, outside of any functions. If a variable is defined in a function, other functions will see it as undefined. So, at the top of the AcionScript, type in:var scarytimer:Number=1000;
right above where you seevar tiles:Object = new Object({width:52, height:26});
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The Lakeshore area has a long and rich history of political participation.
Prior to the amalgamation with the Borough of Etobicoke the Towns of Mimico and New Toronto and the Village of Long Branch had their own governing bodies. In the early 1960s there were approximately 18 elected politicians representing the residents of these three Lakeshore communities. It was easier to have input into the decision-making process. Where there were once eighteen, a single politician now has the onerous task of representing the same Lakeshore area. That is a dramatic change from just over 40 years ago. This might help to explain the deeply embedded politically active nature of many of the Lakeshore area’s residents.
This website was created for the communities of Alderwood, Long Branch, New Toronto, Mimico and Humber Bay Shores to create a forum where visitors to the site can learn and share information about developments in the Lakeshore area. It hopes to equip locals with the ability to embrace the past and plan for the future.
About the Lakeshore Planning Council
The purpose of the Lakeshore Planning Council (LPC) is to involve the community in the planning process. The LPC’s role is to disseminate information to the community, to create a forum for the discussion of issues, to monitor the impact of development and redevelopment of the Lakeshore area, to serve as advocates for full public participation in the decision-making process and to promote cooperation and partnerships between residents, local government, businesses, community groups and developers. | https://lakeshoreplanningcouncil.com/history/ |
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OECD Anti-Corruption and Integrity Forum
March 25, 2020 - March 26, 2020
Integrity is imperative for governments and businesses to work together on every level: where are the gaps, and how can they be bridged? How can transparency be reinforced within and through civil society? How to strengthen trust between public, private and other sectors for the benefit of society as a whole?
With over 2000 participants from 120 countries, the OECD Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity Forum is leading the policy debate on integrity and anti-corruption worldwide. Join the discussion at the 2020 Forum in Paris.
For more information, contact Gabriella Rigg Herzog ([email protected]). | https://www.uscib.org/event/oecd-anti-corruption-and-integrity-forum/ |
Over the years, our team has amassed a unique blend of knowledge and experience of how people interact with the built environment. And that unique blend underpins all our design work, from the first germ of an idea to each completed project.
We believe in taking a sustainable approach to design and construction at every stage - never as an add-on or optional extra. We bake sustainability into our work from the outset and, where possible, encourage our clients to choose materials from sustainable sources and to use renewable building technologies, including air and ground source heat pumps, wind turbines and solar thermal systems.
Whether for a small domestic project or a large commercial operation, experience is the key to good project management - and it can make a vast difference to quality, programme and budget.
From initial written briefs, project programmes and budget estimates, we make sure the client’s expectations are understood. We can help appoint other members of the design team and recommend structural engineers, quantity surveyors, planning consultants, services engineers, interior designers and landscape designers.
We liaise with the relevant local authority and statutory authorities to make sure all the planning and legal requirements are in place.
Before projects move onto site, we can put together a formal building contract between employer and contractor. Based on an extremely thorough foundation of information, it includes a full cost breakdown and package of construction information.
Then, we make sure any changes are formally recorded and understood by everyone concerned, that payments are properly made, that the timing of the works is managed and that the quality of the work is up to scratch.
We are working towards BIM level II, which means all the information we produce about the construction of a building is set out in a standardised format that’s transferable and usable for the life of that building.
As well as complying with regulations, it helps collaboration between professions and reduces clashes between disciplines.
Conservation work is at the very heart of what we do, from projects in conservation areas, featured on Historic England’s list grades II, II* and I, on scheduled ancient monuments and in historic parks and gardens.
We have successfully submitted buildings for inclusion on Historic England’s list and have worked directly for English Heritage.
We work closely with landscape and buildings archaeologists as well as specialist trades and conservators. Conservation projects are led by Stephen Calvert, a specialist conservation architect on the RIBA conservation register, and Sebastian Rowe, a member of the AABC.Our practice also includes members of SPAB, EASA and various diocesan advisory committees.
Asset Management Plans: These reports help owners and managers plan and keep records of the maintenance, repair and development of their buildings.
Quinquennial Inspections: Helping guardians of ecclesiastical buildings to maintain them and meet diocesan requirements.
Conservation Advice: Providing specialist conservation advice to other architects, including heritage assessments for planning purposes or full conservation management plans.
Expert Witness: Liaising with lawyers to provide their clients with specialist architectural advice where needed for legal claims.
From inner cities to rural communities, from housing estates to schools, from high streets to health facilities, we bring communities together to explore ways they can develop.
We love to bring both enthusiasm and proven methods to these projects - making a strong connection between the design and the people we’re designing for.
Certain types of building projects need a Principal Designer (CDM 2015 Regulations). As corporate members of the Association for Project Safety, we can fulfil this role.
We can also provide wider health and safety services, including audits and workplace risk assessments.
At Pearce Bottomley Architects we provide a range of different visualisation options, from photo-realistic renders to fully immersive Virtual Reality experiences.
We know that the communication and understanding of architectural drawings can be difficult if you are not used to reading them; this is where 3D visualisation comes into its own. Having the ability to study a design in a three-dimensional form helps our clients see exactly what it is they are getting and, in turn, enables us to make informed decisions on where a design can be changed and improved.
Our visualisations not only aid in the communication of design, they can also be used for marketing purposes and to supplement planning applications. | https://www.pbarchitects.co.uk/services |
Learn to think, write and do.
Published
Path to 21st century skills
Most people believe that the education system is broken, but the truth is that it is working. It is working according to it’s initial design that was built for an industrial era and commonly accepted economic constraints where resources are often centrally and locally managed.
However in the 21st century where knowledge and resources are increasingly becoming decentralised and globalised, combined with a rapid technology and societal changes we are seeing more self organising systems. These require us to develop different set of skills.
According to recent studies conducted by the US Labor Department “65% of the jobs in the future does not exist yet today”. In the best case, the current education system is designed to train for the 35% of jobs that exists today.
My interest lies in “how to train for the other 65% of jobs in the future” or “how to develop the skills for existing jobs, while cultivating transferable future skills?” Or more importantly “what skills are needed to create these future jobs, today?”
It is for these reasons I am working on the idea of AkaSchool for student to learn the 21st century skills – to start them out on the path toward living purposefully. My personal journey have taken me through 3 different university degrees, in 3 different domains, from 3 different countries and 16 years of diverse experiences ranging from sailing across different oceans, living in China, launching startups and worked with people in more than +18 countries.
My reasons to start AkaSchool are:
1). At 41 years old, it has taken me 20 years to live a purposeful life. I want to offer the opportunity for others to discover themselves and be self directed, to enable them to journey toward their life’s purposeful in a sharper and stronger way through a guided journey.
2). I strive to be the change I want to see in the world. I want to collaborate with doers and change makers to co-create the future we want.
3). Belgium is a top 10 countries in the world with highest youth unemployment rate based on the OECD 2014 data reported by The World Economic Forum with 23% of youth unemployment. Given that education in Belgium is state funded and with estimated 60% (OECD average) of youth continued to tertiary education (after secondary school). Something is rotten.
The recent examples of radicalisation where purposeful living is being repurposed to do evil, further emphasised the need for us to cultivate individuals whom are self directed, whom think critically and are anchored to a community with good intention not only for the community but for the world – to do good and to live a purposeful life.
My idea is to create a space for student to learn how to live a purposeful life. A space also known as school. AkaSchool, where young adults come to learn enduring life skills by doing. These skills include:
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KATOWICE, POLAND – The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) today applauded a vital discussion about nuclear energy among leaders and experts around the world at the 2018 UN Climate Change Conference of Parties (COP 24) in Katowice, Poland. The meeting was convened by the new Nuclear Innovation: Clean Energy Future (NICE Future) initiative to address how innovative and advanced nuclear technologies could accelerate emissions reductions.
The NICE Future initiative launched at last May’s Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) in Copenhagen, Denmark. The initiative envisions nuclear power’s many uses in contributing to clean, reliable energy systems of the future. Nuclear energy is both a primary source of clean energy and an enabler of other clean energy sources. Globally, nuclear energy produces nearly one-third of the world’s emissions-free electricity.
The U.S., Japan, and Canada spearheaded the NICE Future initiative. Since its start, six more countries have joined, and the initiative has engaged representatives from more than 80 organizations and individuals from more than 25 countries worldwide.
“I am pleased that during COP 24 there is also a place for discussion on nuclear energy and its role in the energy systems of the future,” said Poland’s Minister of Energy, Krzysztof Tchórzewski, in keynote remarks. “It is nuclear power that will be the main tool to reduce emissions. Poland has decided to follow this direction because nuclear power plants offer stable power generation with zero emission of air pollutants."
Speakers representing governments, research organizations, and NGOs worldwide discussed breakthrough innovative and integrated systems and applications. Of particular note are nuclear-renewable systems that enhance renewables integration into the grid and further enable both technologies. These technologies also enable combined uses of heat and power, hydrogen production, and industrial de-carbonization. | https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/doe-s-office-nuclear-energy-leads-nice-future-event-cop-24 |
WILLIAMSTOWN — Later this year, folks are going to start seeing things under a different light. Literally.
After more than two years of work and planning, a project taken on by the COOL Committee to replace all the town-owned street light bulbs with a lower-energy LED bulb, is finally entering the final stages.
According to Nancy Nylen and Stephanie Boyd, volunteers on the COOL Committee, it has been a long, complicated process that has included the town taking over fiscal responsibility for all the street lights from the Prudential Committee, which runs the fire district.
“Our goal was to reduce the town’s greenhouse gas emissions,” Nylen said. “Anytime you can do that and save money, that makes it easy to say ‘yes.’”
The whole thing started when National Grid, which owns the street lights, announced it would be replacing the old high-pressure sodium light bulbs with LED lights, but the type pf bulb they were going to use drew opposition from people claiming they are too bright, a distracting blueish-white brilliance.
So Nylen and Boyd figured out that if the town were to buy the street lights, all 553 of them, they could pick their own light bulbs. Then they discovered that if the town owned the street lights and took over maintenance of the fixtures, the town would save about $46,000 in maintenance costs and about $14,000 in the cost of the electricity, or roughly $60,000 per year.
After the fire district transferred responsibility for the street light fixtures, and delays caused by the pandemic, they began working with National Grid to buy the fixtures. They agreed to buy the more than 500 street light fixtures for a total price of $1. That sale is expected to conclude in the coming days.
That purchase includes the light fixtures and bulbs hanging from the utility poles, not the poles themselves.
The COOL Committee has scheduled a community public information session via Zoom at 7 p.m. on July 20. Also coming up will be an opportunity to compare the quality of light from three different types of LED bulbs.
Once that has been completed and the type of bulb chosen, the bulbs will be purchased and a contractor will begin installation, with completion hoped for by the end of the year.
Officials expect the cost of the bulbs and installation will be paid back in under four years by the annual savings in maintenance and power.
The overall annual cost will shrink from $82,0000 a year to about $22,000. The streetlights on property owned by Williams College, about as many as on town land, is owned and paid for by the college.
Still yet to be done is to procure liability insurance for the fixtures and hire a contractor to do the installation of the new bulbs. And buy the new bulbs.
The new bulbs are expected to reduce the estimated annual electricity usage from 300,000 kWh to 100,000.
Nylen explained that the new bulbs will be brighter and more focused, cutting down on light migration to nearby properties, and they will last through 30,000 hours of usage, about four times as long as the older bulbs.
Town Meeting voters approved of spending $265,000 on the project earlier this month, anticipating that the investment would be paid back by reduced costs in less than four years.
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Scott Stafford has been a reporter, photographer, and editor at a variety of publications, including the Dallas Morning News and The Berkshire Eagle. Scott can be reached at [email protected], or at 413-496-6301 and on Twitter at @BE_SStafford. | |
This resource contains the description and data analysis from a research project conducted by Fifth Tribe into ISIS’s use of Twitter in the aftermath of the 2015 Paris Attacks.
This resource is an informative, visual and descriptive infographic by Fifth Tribe focused in ISIS’s use of Twitter. The infographic and descriptions in the article were written following the Paris attacks in November 2015.
This is a foundational report and a seminal work in the study of social media intelligence and open source research. The paper reviews 245 papers in a semi-systematic literature review of how information and insight can be drawn from open social media sources.
This article is a seminal piece and a foundational resource in the field of social media analytics and open source intelligence by some of the field’s leading authors.
This article is based on a research project conducted by the SecDev Group in collaboration with the U.S. National Institute for Justice (NIJ) in San Diego. | https://preventviolentextremism.info/extreme-dialogue-social-media-target-audience-analysis-and-impact-assessments-support-countering |
In fact, all pregnancies bring a certain risk to them, some pregnancies become the high risk pregnancies when it comes to high risk factors. A high risk pregnancy is a pregnancy condition where it puts the baby and also the mother, or both at higher-than-normal risk for complications during, after the pregnancy and birth. Some factors such as young or old maternal age, weight problem either overweight or underweight, have faced miscarriage in previous pregnancies, health condition, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or HIV can be the cause of a high risk pregnancy.
From those factors mentioned before, one of the most common risk factors for a high risk pregnancy is the maternal age. Women under 17 or over 35 when they are pregnant, they are at greater risk of complications than those between their late teens and early 30s. While after age 40, risk of miscarriage and genetic defects further increases.
Preeclampsia and Eclampsia – Preeclampsia is a during pregnancy syndrome that includes high blood pressure, urinary protein, and changes in blood levels of liver enzymes. It is affecting the mother’s liver, kidneys, and brain. Many women will have healthy babies if they get the right treatment. If left untreated, it can lead to long-term health problems and the condition can be fatal for the mother and/or the baby. Eclampsia is a rigorous form of preeclampsia that can cause seizures and coma in the mother.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (or gestational diabetes) is a type of diabetes that only attacking pregnant women. If a woman never gets it before but she gets diabetes when she is pregnant, then she has gestational diabetes. By getting the right treatment, many women with gestational diabetes can have healthy pregnancies and healthy babies.
HIV/AIDS kills or damages the antibody system, with time it is destroying the body’s ability to fight infections and certain cancers. Babies can inherit HIV from their mother during pregnancy, while giving birth, or through breastfeeding.
A woman with a high risk pregnancy need to take a better care of herself than the average pregnant woman. Monitoring such as frequent visits with the primary caregiver, tests to monitor the medical problem, blood tests to check the levels of medication, amniocentesis, serial ultrasound examination, and fetal monitoring are all important. It is important for a pregnant woman who has a medical problem to do a pre-pregnancy visit with a healthcare provider. For some diseases (such as lupus), pregnancy means increased risk of health problems for mother and baby.
Sometimes, the medication that a pregnant woman takes can cause problems for the baby. Make sure to choose a safer medication that is available for use in pregnancy. While in some cases, because when deciding whether or not to become pregnant, there is no other medication, a woman must take the risks to the baby. Visit to contact a health care provider ASAP she is pregnant is better for women who has not had a pre-pregnancy. Instead of waiting until eight to 10 weeks of pregnancy, the provider will schedule the first prenatal visit within a day or two. This is because the provider wants to make sure that the medication you’ll get will not cause any harm to your pregnancy. | http://www.jobforpregnantwomen.com/high-risk-pregnancy-factors.php |
CROSS REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS
TECHNICAL FIELD
This application is the national stage entry of International Application No. PCT/TR2020/051085, filed on Nov. 11, 2020, which is based upon and claims priority to Turkish Patent Application No. 2019/17545 filed on Nov. 12, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The invention relates to a system that enables the lock, especially in automatic rifles, to be opened by using the kinetic energy of the mechanism and sliding handle block, which is lost by hitting the case, after the empty cartridge is fired.
BACKGROUND
The operating systems used in automatic hunting rifles of the known technique and the technical problems in these systems are as follows;
Gas systems aim to operate by opening the lock by pushing the lever back to the rifle via the piston in the gas chamber by enabling gas passage through the hole or holes which are placed at a certain distance from the barrel. After unlocking, with the mechanism group that is similar in all systems, moves the empty cartridge back, throws the empty cartridge, puts the new full cartridge into the barrel with the effect of the execution spring, at the same time stores the energy required for firing in the main spring and makes the rifle ready for the next shot.
The technical problems experienced in the gas system are the opening of the cartridges of different grams (strength, pressure) at the same point due to the hole in the barrel at a certain distance. Because the hole is located at the same point, the pressure of different cartridges is different at that point. Therefore, the higher pressure created by the stronger cartridges at that point causes the mechanism and the lever block to accelerate backwards more violently and damage the rifle. It causes the system to work hard or not to work with weak cartridges. Although gas evacuation systems were made to eliminate this imbalance in the system, the balance could not be fully achieved. In addition, because of the hole in the barrel, there is a lot of gas escape and its cleaning is more difficult than other systems are the technical problems experienced in this system. However, despite these negativities, it is still the most used system because it works better at lower grams compared to inertial systems.
The inertia (Inertia) system uses the backward acceleration that occurs when the rifle is fired and compresses the thick spring between the lock and the mechanism during the forward movement of the mechanism relative to the rifle with the effect of the inertia force. This spring then throws the mechanism back and opens the lock. Then, with the mechanism group, it moves the empty cartridge back, throws the empty cartridge, puts the new full cartridge into the barrel with the effect of the execution spring and at the same time stores the energy required for firing in the cock spring. Thus, it makes the rifle ready for the next shot.
Although the inertia system works more stable for cartridges of different grams compared to the gas system, it still could not provide equal operation in all cartridges. Because since the cartridges of different strengths cannot squeeze the thick spring that operates the rifle in the same amounts, the operation of the rifle will not be the same. Since it is a very sensitive system, it is very difficult to work with weak cartridges. There is a problem of not working even with medium strength cartridges in cold weather and shots made without good shoulder.
Movable barrel systems are the system found in the first automatic systems in history and have lost their validity because they are worse than the other systems above. The locked barrel is based on pushing the mechanism block back completely. In short-action barrels, although the barrel strikes after a little movement, the lever opens the lock at this speed and moves the empty barrel together with the mechanism group. Then it throws the empty sleeve. It puts the new full cartridge into the barrel with the effect of the execution spring and at the same time stores the energy required for firing in the main spring. Thus, it makes the rifle ready for the next shot. Since these strikes will differ in different cartridges, it makes stable operation impossible. In addition, as it will cause excessive impact in strong cartridges, it causes some parts in the rifle to break, deteriorate and target deviations.
The systems that delay the opening with semi-locking are the use of the system used in some military rifles (such as the g3) in smoothbore military shotguns. Since standard bullets are fired in rifled rifles, delay time is possible. However, it is not possible to set the delay time as a standard for smoothbore shotguns with different strengths. For this reason, the operation of this system in smoothbore shotguns causes serious problems.
SUMMARY
The invention can be explained as an inertia system with pressure control. Thanks to our invention, all problems related to unlocking in automatic smoothbore shotguns, which are fired using cartridges of different strengths in the known technique, are solved. In the gas system, which is one of the most used systems in the known technique, the gas leakage and cleaning problem caused by a hole in the barrel is solved with our invention. As we solved the problem of working hard/not working in weak cartridges in the inertia system, which is the most used system in the known technique, with our invention, we also solved the problem of two rifles not working in the same way in cartridges of different powers, which is the common problem that they work on most. Unlike other systems, the unlocking of the system subject to our invention is provided by the forward movement of the moving part that will unlock the lock when the rifle is locked, rather than the backward movement relative to the rifle. This is the biggest difference from other systems. In addition, another important difference from other systems is the difference in energy gain used to unlock. In gas systems, it takes the energy required to open the lock from the energy provided by the gas coming from the hole in the barrel by pushing the lever back towards the rifle through the piston. The energy required in the inertia system is taken from the inertia caused by the backward acceleration that occurs when the rifle is fired. In the new system subject to our invention, energy is obtained from the kinetic energy of the mechanism and arm block, which is lost by hitting the case after the empty case is thrown. This loss in all systems is as follows. Since the empty cartridge must hit the cartridge at a certain speed in order to be fired from the rifle, the lever block of the mechanism must have the same speed. At this point, a very small part of the energy of the mechanism lever block due to speed is used to throw the empty case, and most of it is lost by hitting the case. This impact also causes an additional impact. This is another situation that shooters do not want. This energy loss is approximately 30-40% of the energy required to operate the rifle. With the system of our invention, we store this lost energy as potential energy on a spring and use it to unlock the next ignition. Since the system subject to our invention opens the lock with this spring force, it also ensures the stable operation of the rifle in cartridges of different strengths.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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FIG.
Sectional View of the System when the Rifle is Ready to Fire
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FIG.
Sectional View of the System After the Trigger is Pulled
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FIG.
Sectional View Showing the Forward Movement of the Mechanism and Arm Block with the Effect of Inertia
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FIG.
Sectional View of the System in the Unlocked State
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FIG.
Sectional View Showing the Back Movement of Mechanism and Lever Block
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FIG.
Sectional View Showing the Continuation of the Backward Movement of the Mechanism and Lever Block after the Ejection of the Empty Bucket from the System
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FIG.
Sectional View Showing the Storage of Kinetic Energy by the Energy Storage Spring Generated by Pulling the Trigger
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FIG.
Sectional View Showing the Full Cartridge Taken into the Barrel
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FIG.
Sectional View Showing the Forward Movement of the Mechanism and Arm Block with the Force of the Energy Storage Spring and the Executive Spring
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Sectional View Shows the Separation of the Arm from the Mechanism with the Effect of the Distance Spacing Spring and the Making it Ready for Shooting by Locking the Rifle by Entering its Guide in the Cap with the Effect of the Knob Spring
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FIG.
Detail View of the Cross Section of the Lock Mechanism
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FIG.
Detail View of the Cross Section of the Trigger Mechanism
EQUIVALENTS OF THE NUMBERS GIVEN IN THE FIGURES
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. Case
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. Cap Barrel
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. Mechanism
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. Sliding Handle
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. Lock
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. Needle
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. Knob
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. Knob Spring
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. Lever
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. Holder
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. Holder Spring
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. Energy Storage Spring Pin
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. Plunger
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. Energy Storage Spring
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. Distance Adjustment Spring
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. Distance Adjustment Pin
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. Spoon
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. Horsehead
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. Guardrail
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. Hammer
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. Hammer Spring
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. Hammer Spring Pin
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. Trigger
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. Spring Setter
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. Safety
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. Plunger Spring Pin
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. Execution Spring
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. Magazine Tube
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. Cartridge
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
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Invention comprises a case (), a cap barrel (), a mechanism (), a sliding handle (), a lock (), a needle (), a knob (), a knob spring (), a lever (), a holder (), a holder spring (), an energy storage spring pin (), a plunger (), an energy storage spring (), a distance adjustment spring (), a distance adjustment pin (), a spoon (), a horsehead (), a guardrail (), a hammer (), a hammer spring (), a hammer spring pin (), a trigger (), a spring setter (), a safety (), a plunger spring pin (), an execution spring (), a magazine tube (), a cartridge ().
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The casing () (e.g., receiver for housing working parts) is the outer body that guides the working parts. The cap barrel () (e.g., barrel through which the bullet travels) is the part comprising the barrel with a lock bearing giving direction and speed to the bullet, which does not release the mechanism in the first explosion. Mechanism () is the part that comprises parts such as a lock, a needle and a nail. The sliding handle () is the movable part that is used to open the rifle when it is locked. The lock () is the part that locks the rifle in the first explosion by entering the lock bearing in the cap. The needle () is the part that transfers the kinetic energy in the hammer to the capsule in the cartridge and ignites the cartridge. The knob () is the part that places the lock in the bearing on the cap with the effect of the knob spring and transfers the force in the lever to the lock and opens the lock. The knob spring () is the part that fits the lock into its bearing in the cap. The lever () is the piece that transfers the force from the plunger to the lock with the help of the knob (). The holder () is the part that does not release the stored energy in the energy storage spring by entering the bearing in the plunger with the effect of the holder spring. The holder spring () is the part that pushes the holder to its bearing in the plunger and also rotates the plunger so that the holder enters the bearing in the plunger while energy is stored. The energy storage spring pin () is the part that serves to tighten the energy storage spring when the mechanism and arm strike back. The plunger () is the part that transfers the force in the energy storage spring to the lever via the energy storage spring pin. The energy storage spring () is the part that stores the wasted energy in the arm and the mechanism after disposing of the empty bucket. The distance adjustment spring () is the part that leaves a certain distance between the mechanism and the arm. The distance adjustment pin () is the part that leaves a certain distance between the mechanism and the arm. The spoon () (e.g., feed ramp) is the part that directs the full cartridge in the magazine to the barrel. The horsehead () e.g., feed ramp adjustment mechanism) is the piece that enables the spoon to work properly. The guardrail () (e.g., trigger guard) is the body comprises the parts in the trigger group. The cock () is the part that transfers the energy of the cock spring to the cartridge via the needle and fires it. The cock spring () is the part where the energy to ignite the cartridge is stored. The cock spring pin () is the part that ensures the smooth operation of the cock spring. The trigger () is the part that releases the energy stored in the hammer spring at the desired time by holding the hammer. The spring setter () is the part gets hit by the energy storage spring pin on the arm after throwing the empty sleeve. Safety () is the part that makes the trigger active and passive. The plunger spring pin () is the part that rotates the plunger so that the holder can enter the bearing in the plunger while energy is stored. The execution spring () (e.g., buffer spring) is the part that serves to close the rifle with the mechanism by pushing the lever forward after throwing the empty cartridge. Magazine tube is where full cartridges are stored. The cartridge () is the ammunition consisting of the igniter, gunpowder and bullets that enable the firearm to fire. The cartridge () is found in the barrel chamber ready to be fired as well as in the magazine to be put into the barrel chamber after the first firing.
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The operation of the system can be described as follows with an example scenario. While the rifle is ready to fire, the trigger () holds the hammer () with the cock spring () compressed. The holder () holds the plunger () while the energy storage spring () is compressed. The lock () has enters its bearing in the cap () with the effect of the knob spring (). The sliding handle () is spaced a certain distance from the mechanism () by the effect of the distance adjustment spring (). When the trigger () is pulled, the hammer () accelerates with the effect of the hammer spring () and hits the needle (). As a result of this impact, the needle () fires the cartridge () in the barrel bearing. Then, the high pressure created by the burning of gunpowder, while applying a forward force to the bullet, it also applies a backward force to the mechanism (). The mechanism () applies force to the lock (), the lock () to its bearing in the cap (), and the cap () to the entire rifle. Thus, it accelerates the rifle backwards. During this acceleration, the moving (non-stationary) parts in the rifle also accelerate forward relative to the rifle due to inertia. With the effect of this inertia force, the sliding handle () moves forward and closes the gap created by the effect of the distance adjustment spring (). Meanwhile, the holder () releases the stored energy in the energy storage spring by hitting the arm of the lock () and freeing the plunger () from its grip. Thus, the plunger () applies a force to the lever (), and the lever () to the lock () through the knob () in the direction of opening the lock (). However, the lock () is not opened immediately, because the pressure in the barrel, which we mentioned above, exerts a force against the mechanism (), the mechanism () to the lock (), the lock () to the cap (), thus a friction force occurs. This friction force is directly proportional to the gas pressure inside the barrel. Gas pressure in the barrel also decreases inversely with the position of the bullet in the barrel after the maximum gas pressure point that occurs after the gunpowder is completely burned. For example, let's assume that the gas pressure reaches its maximum level when the bullet moves 10 cm through the barrel. After that, the advancement of the bullet in the barrel lowers the pressure. When the bullet reaches 20 cm, the gas pressure drops to half of the maximum gas pressure. The friction force between the lock () and the cap () decreases as the pressure decreases as the bullet moves through the barrel. When the gas pressure drops to the most appropriate level required for the rifle to operate, regardless of which cartridge is fired at different forces, the force of the energy storage spring () overcomes the friction force and opens the lock (). Then, with the effect of the pressure falling to the optimum level required for the rifle to operate, the mechanism () sliding handle () block is pushed back. While this block is moving backwards, the fired empty cartridge () is also pulled. With the mechanism () sliding handle () block pushing the hammer (), the cock spring () is compressed and the energy required to detonate the cartridge () is stored. In addition, the full cartridge () in the magazine tube () is released backwards with the effect of the magazine spring. The empty cartridge () is thrown out of the window in the casing () with the help of the notch, with the hit of the empty cartridge to the empty cartridge thrower in the cap () with a certain speed. After this moment, the mechanism () sliding handle () block continues to its movement backwards and hits the spring setter (), which gets active by pulling the trigger (), that is, the position necessary for the energy storage spring pin () to hit. The kinetic energy of the mechanism () sliding handle () block is absorbed by the energy storage spring () through the energy storage spring pin (). The holder () enters the notch in the plunger () with the effect of the holder spring () and stores this energy absorbed by the energy storage spring () by preventing it from escaping. Then, this mechanism () sliding handle () block, which completes its backward movement, accelerates forward with the effect of the execution spring (). During this movement, the mechanism () sliding handle () block continues on its way by taking the full cartridge () directed by the spoon () towards the barrel with the help of the horsehead (). Then it hits the cap () and stops. Subsequently, the sliding handle () is spaced from the mechanism () by the effect of the distance adjustment spring (). The lock () enters its bearing in the cap () under the effect of the knob spring () and locks the rifle and makes it ready to fire again. The system works with cartridges of all weight without any problem with this cycle.
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When the trigger () is pulled at a certain distance from the mechanism (), the hammer () accelerates and hits the needle () with the effect of the cock spring () (This is a stage in the known technique)
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the needle () fires the cartridge () in the barrel bearing as a result of this impact (This is a stage in the known technique)
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Then, the high pressure created by the combustion of gunpowder, while applying a forward force to the bullet, applying a backward force to the mechanism () (This is a stage in the known technique),
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The mechanism () applies a force to the lock (), the lock () applies a force to its bearing in the cap () which it is entered, and the cap () applies a force to the complete rifle (This is a stage in the known technique),
Thus, the rifle is accelerated backwards (This is a stage in the known technique),
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The sliding handle () moves forward with the effect of the inertia force and closes the gap caused by the effect of the distance adjustment spring (),
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In the meantime, the holder () releases the stored energy in the energy storage spring by hitting the arm of the lock (), freeing the plunger () from its grip,
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Thus, the plunger () applies a force to the lever (), and the lever () to the lock () through the knob () in the direction of opening the lock (),
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Preventing the lock () from opening immediately due to the friction force between these parts due to the force applied by the pressure inside the barrel to the mechanism (), the mechanism () to the lock (), the lock () to the cap (),
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The friction force between the lock () and the cap () decreases together with the pressure that decreases as the bullet moves in the barrel,
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The force of the energy storage spring () overcomes the friction force and opens the lock () when the gas pressure drops to the optimum level required for the rifle to operate, regardless of which cartridge is fired at different forces,
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Then, with the effect of the pressure falling to the optimum level required for the rifle to operate, the mechanism () sliding handle () block is pushed backward,
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While this block is coming backwards, pulling the fired empty cartridge () (This is a step in the Known Technique),
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Storing the energy required to fire the cartridge () by compressing the cock spring () by pushing the cock () of the mechanism () sliding handle () block (This is a stage in the Known Technique),
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In addition, the full cartridge () in the magazine tube () is also released backwards with the effect of the magazine spring (This is a stage in the Known Technique),
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The empty cartridge () is thrown out of the window in the casing () with the help of the notch by hitting the empty cartridge thrower in the cap () with a certain speed (This is a stage in the Known Technique),
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After this moment, the mechanism () sliding handle () block continues to move backwards and hits the spring setter (), which is active by pulling the trigger (), that is, the position required to hit the energy storage spring pin (),
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The kinetic energy of the mechanism () sliding handle () block is absorbed by the energy storage spring () by the energy storage spring pin (),
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The holder () enters the notch in the plunger () with the effect of the holder spring (), and stores this energy absorbed by the energy storage spring () by preventing it from escaping,
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Then, the mechanism () sliding handle () block, which completes its backward movement, accelerates forward with the effect of the executive spring () (This is a stage in the Known Technique),
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During this movement of the mechanism () sliding handle () block, the spoon () continues on its way by taking the full cartridge () directed towards the barrel with the help of the horsehead () (This is a stage in the Known Technique),
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Then stopping by hitting the cap () (This is a stage in the Known Technique),
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Subsequently, the sliding handle () is spaced from the mechanism () by the effect of the distance adjustment spring (),
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The lock (), by the effect of the knob spring (), enters its bed in the cap () and locks the rifle and makes the rifle ready for a new firing.
If we write the operation of the system step by step; | |
Although I was contemplating dedicating this post to #NEDAW 2019, I want to emphasise that mental health is no less significant at any other time of the year. Likewise, creating awareness about eating disorders is not an action solely confined to a single week of the year. I’d like to talk candidly about how society’s expectations of those with eating disorders differ from reality. I do not consider myself an expert, however am informed by my own experiences as well as of those who have openly shared their stories with me.
A resonant quote I heard recently is particularly relevant with regard to mental health. It is that ‘true understanding does not always require empathy; it requires a change in perspective.’
Myth 1: Seeing is believing. If someone doesn’t appear visually unwell or underweight, then they can’t possibly have an eating disorder. WRONG. Just like any aspect of mental health, our thoughts and feelings are not visible, tangible entities. You cannot hear a person’s thoughts, and individuals may be reserved in expressing their emotions. Moreover, an eating disorder is a mental disorder which can, but may not necessarily, have physical side effects. It’s possible to have disordered thoughts around food whilst overweight, at a healthy weight and whilst underweight. Correlation doesn’t always imply causation. There is no ‘look’ to an eating disorder. Hence, an individual is no less worthy of seeking help and receiving treatment because of their weight. Put simply, if someone is struggling, reaching out for support is a brave and worthwhile decision.
if someone is struggling, reaching out for support is a brave and worthwhile decision
Myth 2: Eating disorders most commonly involve not eating. This is an example of misinformation. Whilst some living with an eating disorder may restrict their intake or fast, this is not a representative assumption. To remind readers, there are a variety of different diagnoses and terms existing: Binge Eating Disorder, Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS), Anorexia Nervosa, Anorexia Athletica, Bulimia Nervosa, Compulsive Eating, Orthorexia and many others. Therefore, just as there are a range of types of eating disorder, there are also a range of ways in which these are manifested. Furthermore, with the current waiting time for specialist treatment averaging up to three years, you do not have to be diagnosed to have an eating disorder. The diagnosis is not a validation, a label or a determinant of a person’s identity. Co-morbidities exist and so treatments often need to target a wide range of disordered behaviours.
celebrate the small victories
Myth 3: An eating disorder is a form of attention seeking. NO. Eating disorders are complex illnesses, contributed to by a range of genetic and environmental factors, from stress to hormonal changes to life events. Eating disorders are not a choice.
Myth 4: Eating disorders are a sign of vanity. Countless times, I have heard the assumption that eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa, stem from idolisation of models in magazines or slim celebrities. More often than not, at the core of the disorder is a yearning for control. There is a sense that food, exercise or how one treats their body can be a tool to engineer the outcome of certainty in an aspect of life. In fact, weight is often not the driving force of the unhealthy thought patterns.
Myth 4: Just eat. That’s the answer to the complex web of conflicting thoughts and behaviours. You just need to simply grab a muffin or a pizza and eat the Goddamn thing. Unfortunately, it is neither that simple nor that easy. This is a short-term outlook on a long-term recovery process. Ultimately, food is not the central determinant of recovery. Eating a healthy balanced diet and restoring weight when underweight is incredibly important for optimum health and physical recovery. But, recovery is an ongoing process of mental and physical self-growth that begins in the mind.
Recovery is a process, not an end-point, and it’s one to be shared with others
Recovery for some might be waking up an hour later because their mind is telling them they must wake up extremely early to exercise; recovery may be drinking tea in a different mug because they are afraid to use another; recovery may be having lunch in the dining room, not the living room to tackle the compulsion to always eat in the same place; recovery can be taking your multivitamins, because even though you fear they contain energy, they don’t and won’t make you gain weight; recovery can be pouring gravy on your roast dinner because it tastes nice and numbers don’t define your worth; recovery can be spending an extra ten minutes of quality time with family or friends because you don’t have to shut yourself away and you deserve to socialise; recovery can be smiling and laughing because it’s okay to let go and enjoy. The list goes on, because recovery is not one size fits all. It’s not all Domino’s pizza and going out for meals, or beautifully angled Instagram photos of smoothie bowls and salads. It’s not perfect. It’s not linear. There is no single quick fix. Holistic recovery is not solely medical monitoring and GP appointments, nor is it solely cognitive behavioural therapy or mentoring. Oftentimes, it a mixture of various forms of treatment, overseen by openness with those around you. Recovery is a process, not an end-point, and it’s one to be shared with others.
Myth 5: Once at a healthy weight, you are fully recovered. The term ‘recovered’ is definitive. However, whilst some may truly believe that they are mentally and physically happy and stable and would like to consider themselves recovered, others see recovery as a lifelong process – a work in progress. Often, because the thoughts and behaviours are so deeply ingrained and interwoven in neural pathways of the brain, it takes a very long time to develop healthy habits. Moreover, just as life is unpredictable and not without its bumps and twists in the road, recovery is no different. Because of this, many believe, myself included, that recovery is a decision you make each and every day, working to challenge and improve yourself in both familiarity and the unknown. For example, when a person breaks a bone (cliché I know, but hear me out), they can recover this damage in part through resting, therapy and physical treatment. However, once a bone has been broken, it is inherently impacted and altered, rendering it more susceptible to future fracture or breakage. That’s not to undermine recovery or suggest that we are damaged by our experiences. But, the truth is, we are changed. We learn and we develop strength we may not otherwise have known. We can learn about ourselves and even use this to help others. All the while, we must make conscious decisions to challenge the thoughts that may still arise, equipped with the lessons we’ve learnt to do the next right thing.
Whilst, I could go on indefinitely, I’d like to leave you all with a message: celebrate the small victories. Recovery is relative, and those little accomplishments not only cumulatively add up to something big, but in themselves merit a sense of achievement. The first step towards self-acceptance is to see that your capabilities stretch so much further than your fears will ever take you. | https://exepose.com/2019/05/20/mental-health-myth-busting-eating-disorders/ |
Q:
My Chords Don't Fit Any Scale, What Do I Do?
I made a chord progression of Gm, F#aug, A#/F, E7b5, and then Gm, F#aug, A#, and finally C7. I thought it has a rather "spooky" sound to it but I realized it didn't fit any scales. I first I thought it was G minor, but obviously not. If I use Gm natural, no F#, and I use Gm melodic or harmonic no F. Then I thought maybe C blues. Nope. Even more "outlandish" Scales don't have the notes E F F# G, like double harmonic, overtone, and neapolitan. So when stuck in a scenario like this, which scale should I choose? I'm not looking for an opinion based answer, just some pointers on the best-course-of-action for something like this, no matter what non-related chords I'm dealing with.
A:
There are two false assumptions you have about this progression and music in general. The first is that there has to be a scale to fit a given progression. This is not the case at all and a lot of more complex pieces of music use many different scales especially as the harmony weaves between different ideas. One example that has a similar progression is the verses of Spanish Castle Magic which the melody comes from the progression itself rather then a scale.
Second, these chords are very related and make a nice descending chromatic line with a large amount of common tones between the chords. A good chunk of the confusion is due to how you notated the chords as how they are named obscure the nature of this progression. If you instead call the progressions a Gm, Gb+ Bb/F E7b5 and Gm, Gb+, Bb, C7 you can see what is going on much better.
X:1
L:1/4
M:
K:F
V:1 clef=treble
"Gm"[G _B d] "Gb+"[_G _B d] "Bb/F"[F _B d] "E7b5"[E ^G _B d]|"Gm"[G _B d] "Gb+"[_G _B d] "Bb"[F _B d] "C7"[c E G _B]||
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As you can see, in the firs progression you always have a Bb and D in your chords and in your second progression. I can very much see this as being in one of the modes of F major as the only two notes outside of it are Gb and G# and the E7b5 and C7 will pull you towards an F tonic if you let them resolve.
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A Chief Operating Officer (or Chief Operations Officer; COO) or Director of Operations (or Operations Director) can be one of the highest-ranking executives in an organization and comprises part of the "C-Suite". The COO is responsible for the daily operation of the company, and routinely reports to the highest ranking executive, usually the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The COO may also carry the title of President which makes him or her the clear number-two in command at the firm, especially if the highest ranking executive is the Chairman and CEO. In some cases, the duties of COO may be carried out by a sub-C-Suite executive such as a Director of Operations, Operations Director, Vice-President of Operations, or Executive Director.
Unlike other C-suite positions, which tend to be defined according to commonly designated responsibilities across most companies, the COO job tends to be defined in relation to the specific CEO with whom he/she works, given the close working relationship of these two individuals. In many ways, the selection of a COO is similar to the selection of a Vice President of the United States: the role (including the power and responsibilities therein) can vary dramatically, depending on the style and needs of the President of the United States. Thus, the COO role is highly contingent and situational, as the role changes from company to company and even from CEO to successor CEO within the same company. In a similar vein to the COO, the title of corporate President as a separate position (as opposed to President and CEO, or President and COO) is also loosely defined. For instance Richard D. Parsons during his tenure as President of Time Warner from 1995 to 2001 was number two in the company hierarchy but had no authority over the operating divisions, and instead took on assignments at the bequest of the CEO. Michael Capellas was appointed President of Hewlett-Packard in order to ease its acquisition and integration of Compaq, where Capellas was Chairman and CEO, but ending up served just six months as HP president before departing. His former role of president was not filled as the executives who reported to him then reported directly to the CEO.
Many modern companies operate without a COO. For example, in 2006 more than 60 percent of Fortune 500 companies did not have a COO, and in 2007 almost 58 percent of Fortune 500 companies did not have a COO. In these instances the CEO either takes on more roles and responsibilities, or the roles traditionally assigned to the COO are carried out by sub C-suite executives (as discussed above). Although the number of COOs has been in decline for the past 10 years, there are reasons to anticipate an increased utilization of the position in the future, including:
- Companies are becoming larger and more complex, making it more difficult for one person alone to have total oversight over the whole organization
- Companies are finding a strong relationship between firm performance and the presence of a COO
- Companies are becoming more deliberate about CEO succession planning and will use the role to on-board and train successors
- The increase in talent mobility means that the role will likely be used more often as a retention mechanism for key executives that are at risk for moving to a competitor
Contents
Roles and functions
The role of the COO differs from industry to industry and from organization to organization. Some organizations function without a COO. Others may have two COOs, each assigned to oversee several business lines or divisions, such as Lehman Brothers from 2002-04 when Bradley Jack and Joseph M. Gregory were the co-COOs. A COO could also be brought in from other organizations as a "fixer," such as Daniel J. O'Neill who in 1999 joined Molson in that capacity.
In the manufacturing sector, the primary role of the COO is routinely one of operations management, meaning that the CEO is responsible for the development, design, operation, and improvement of the systems that create and deliver the firm's products. The COO is responsible for ensuring that business operations are efficient and effective and that the proper management of resources, distribution of goods and services to customers, and analysis of queue systems is conducted.
Despite the functional diversity associated with the role of COO, there are some common functions the COOs usually perform:
- At the direction of the CEO and Board of Directors, marshaling limited resources to the most productive uses with the aim of creating maximum value for the company's stakeholders
- Developing and cascading the organization’s strategy/mission statement to the lower-ranking staff, and implementing appropriate rewards/recognition and coaching/corrective practices to align personnel with company goals
- Planning by prioritizing customer, employee and organizational requirements
- Maintaining and monitoring staffing, levels, Knowledge-Skills-Attributes (KSA), expectations and motivation to fulfill organizational requirements
- Driving performance measures for the operation (including a consideration of efficiency versus effectiveness), often in the form of dashboards convenient for review of high level key indicators
COO as successor
Routinely in large organizations the COO will be the heir apparent to the CEO. They may have worked their way internally up the company ladder before being named COO, or they may have been recruited from an outside company. Either way, the position is used as a training and testing ground for the next CEO. For instance, at CIBC and Bank of Montreal, the position of Chief Operating Officer (COO) was created specifically for Gerald T. McCaughey and Bill Downe, respectively. Creating this role was to facilitate these executives’ transitions and to groom them before the sitting CEOs retired. In both cases, the newly appointed COO took over the day-to-day responsibilities and strategic planning activities, while the outgoing CEO was relegated to advisory duties. Once the new CEO was formally installed, the COO position was not replaced. A 2003 Crist Associates study revealed that only 17% of companies that promote a COO to a CEO replace the COO within the next year.
An Accenture study found that approximately one in nine COO’s moved into the CEO’s shoes within a year of their departure and that half of COO’s see themselves as the “heir apparent.” COO’s transitioning into the CEO role often face similar challenges including:
- Not being automatically granted the luxury of a “diagnostic period.” Given that they know the company, COO’s turned CEO’s are often expected to hit the ground running when in actuality they too need to enter diagnostic mode to fully understand their new role and to see the Company from a new perspective.
- Finding time to manage a new key stakeholder: The Board. Many COO’s turned CEO’s are often surprised how time-intensive managing the Board of Directors can be and must learn to incorporate this important responsibility into an already packed schedule.
- Being in the spotlight. COO’s are used to having the luxury of working “behind the scenes.” As CEO, many are surprised to find they have become a “public” figure both inside and outside the organization and must learn how to manage this additional obligation.
- Recalibrating their image. Often COO’s struggle not with the strategy portion of the job itself, but overcoming the perception of other stakeholders that they are an “execution” executive versus a “strategy” executive.
According to researchers Miles and Bennett, just knowing these common pitfalls can help a COO “heir” better prepare for the transition, thereby avoiding them in totality and/or ensuring that at least they do not evolve into full derailers once they are in the CEO seat.
Seven "types"
Recent research has shown that there are seven “types” of COOs:
- The Executor
- Leads the implementation of strategies developed by the CEO and top management team. A COO in this role typically is responsible for the day-to-day and quarter-to-quarter results of the business. This type is most often seen in logistically or operationally complex businesses.
- The Change Agent
- Leads the efforts towards the accomplishment of a specific strategic objective.
- The Mentor
- Guides and advises a young CEO.
- The Other Half
- Complements the CEO’s experience, knowledge, personality and/or skills.
- The Partner
- Partners with the CEO in a “two-in-the-box” arrangement.
- The Heir Apparent
- COO role is designed to groom and test the next CEO.
- The MVP
- The title is used as an incentive to retain an important executive in order to avoid losing the executive to a competitor.
Relationship with CEO
Because the COO is often responsible for serving as an information conduit to the CEO, it is essential that the relationship between COO and CEO be a positive one. Trust is the most important ingredient necessary for a CEO-COO relationship to thrive. The CEO must have full confidence that the COO is not making direct passes for their job, can get the work done, and shares their vision (rather than using their trusted spot and access to information to undermine the CEO’s strategy or implement his own vision). When a relationship built upon trust is created between the CEO and COO, firm performance is improved and shareholder results are strengthened. Seven strategies that are key to building trust in the CEO-COO relationship include:
- Communication—The CEO has to be comfortable sharing information with the COO and regularly communicating the strategy and any changes to it. Similarly, the COO has to be comfortable regularly providing status updates to the CEO. When communication breaks down, mistrust and/or misunderstanding is likely to crop up.
- Clear Decision Rights—The COO role appears to work the best when the roles and responsibilities of the COO have been clearly delineated ahead of time and the COO is allowed to make the final decision within pre-agreed upon scope.
- Lock on the Backdoor—The CEO must not undermine the COO’s credibility by continually reversing decisions. When employees learn that they can get a different answer by going directly to the CEO as opposed to the COO, the COO role quickly becomes impotent.
- Sharing the Spotlight—In effective CEO-COO relationships, both parties are comfortable with how much “credit” they receive for their work internally, externally, from the Board of Directors, and from each other.
- Fit between CEO & COO—The two individuals must respect each other and effectively partner together. This is not a partnership that can be forced.
- Fit Between the COO & the Position—The selected COO must have the right credentials to carry out the purpose for which the COO role was created (which can include everything from operations expertise to change expertise to having a complementary skill set to the CEO).
- Transparency of Succession Expectations and Timeline—Both parties must understand whether the COO desires the CEO job, whether the COO is in consideration for the top job, and what the timing might be for such a transition.
Relationship with board of directors
In addition to having a strong and trusting relationship with the CEO, the COO should also have an effective relationship with the Board. A good relationship between COO and the Board allows the Board of Directors to better understand and independently judge a potential successor. A strong relationship between the Board and the COO also offers the Board an additional expert opinion on the health of the company, and status of key initiatives. It benefits the CEO to allow such a relationship to form because it reflects confidence and fosters transparency. It also reinforces that the CEO is capable of developing talent, and helps the CEO to retain the COO by further empowering the individual. A strong relationship benefits the COO in that he or she is able to expand their experience as well as their professional network. Additionally, if they are looking to be the next CEO, it allows them to develop credibility with the Board. Researchers advise the COO to go beyond simply presenting at board meetings, to ensure they are developing strong one-on-one relationships with each board director. Researchers also urge the COO to develop his or her own voice, independent of the CEO.
Failure in the COO role
While the role of the COO is crucial to firm success, it can often be a tricky one to master. Any breakdown in trust between the CEO and COO can lead to failure. Additionally, the COO typically has to be a very high level leader who is comfortable not being fully in charge. Many executives with the leadership skills necessary to be a top level COO would prefer to be running their own show as opposed to taking orders from a CEO. For COOs who are expecting to serve their time and be promoted to the top spot, their timelines for such a move can often be out of sync with the CEO’s, causing a breakdown in the relationship. COOs can also find themselves trapped into being labeled an "operations" person or a "Number 2" as opposed to being seen as strategic and top-level leader by the Board of Directors, which causes some executives to steer clear of the position. Harry Levinson, Ph.D., effectively summarized the challenges of the COO position: "The relationship between the chief executive officer and the chief operating officer in any organization is fraught with many psychological complexities. Perhaps it is the most difficult of all organizational working relationships because more than others, it is a balancing act on the threshold of power."
Experts and research
Nathan Bennett and Stephen A. Miles have published extensively on the subject of the COO. In addition to writing a book dedicated to analyzing this hard-to-understand position, their research has been published in the Harvard Business Review, MIT Management Review and Chief Executive.net. Their work focuses on identifying different types of COOs, when the role works to deliver additional value, and when the role fails to produce the desired results. Their research includes interviews with more than a hundred CEOs and COOs on the topic.
List of notable COOs
-
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
The following is subdivided into current and former COO's as of August 2010. This list is incomplete and subjective as towards the notoriety of the individual.
Current
- Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook since 2008
- Don Thompson, McDonald's since 2010
- Brian Kevin Turner, Microsoft Corp. since 2010
- Christopher E. Kubasik, Lockheed Martin Corporation since 2010; previously served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Vice President and Controller
- John Leahy, Airbus since 2005; also serving as Chief Commercial Officer since 1994
- Russell Freeman, Perot Systems ; also serving as Chief Financial Officer since 1994
- Hari N. Nair, Tenneco Inc. ; serving as Chief Operating Officer since 2010\
Former
- Timothy D. Cook, Apple Inc. (2007-2011) until promoted to CEO when Steve Jobs resigned; also served as Acting-CEO during Steve Jobs' medical leaves in 2004, 2009 and 2011
- Janice Fields, McDonald's USA Executive Vice-President and COO (2006–2010) then President (2010–Present)
- Roger Goodell, NFL Executive Vice-President and COO (2001–2006) then Commissioner (2006–Present)
- Jeffrey Skilling, Enron President and COO (1997–2001) then CEO (2001) until his resignation in 2001
- Robert W. Pittman, AOL (1996–2001) and AOL Time Warner (2001–2002)
- Bob Herbold, Microsoft Executive Vice President and COO (1994–2001) then Executive Vice President assisting in the government, industry, and customer areas (2001–2003)
References
- ^ "Chief Operating Officer - COO". Investopedia. http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/coo.asp. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
- ^ a b Levinson, Harry (1993), "Between CEO and COO", Academy of Management Executive 7 (2): 71–83, http://www.jstor.org/pss/4165123, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Miles, Stephen A.; Bennett, Nathan (2006), "Second in Command: The Misunderstood Role of the Chief Operating Officer", Harvard Business Review 84 (5): 70–79, http://hbr.org/2006/05/second-in-command-the-misunderstood-role-of-the-chief-operating-officer/ar/1, retrieved 2011-09-24
- ^
- ^
- ^
- ^
- ^
- ^ Mader, Steve (March 22, 2006), "The changing role of the COO: are you grappling with how best to utilize the chief operating officer function? You're not alone", Directors and Boards, http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-146747083.html, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ Gerut, Amanda (August 9, 2010), "COOs: A Vanishing Breed", Agenda, http://www.cristassociates.com/press/AgendaWeek_08092010.pdf, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ Marcel, Jeremy J. (2009), "Why top management team characteristics matter when employing a chief operating officer: a strategic contingency perspective", Strategic Management Journal 30 (6): 647–658, doi:10.1002/smj.763, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.763/abstract, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ Ward, Vicky (April, 2010), "Lehman’s Desperate Housewives", Vanity Fair, http://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2010/04/lehman-wives-201004, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ Case Examining the Molson acquision of Bavaria in Brazil, http://www.docshare.com/doc/81731/Case-Examining-the-Molson-acquision-of-Bavari, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ Galbraith, Jay R. (October 15, 2009), "Where Have All the COOs Gone?", Directorship, http://www.cristassociates.com/press/Director_101509.pdf, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ Martin, Justin (August/September, 2003), "Rise of the New Breed: The age of the imperial CEO is waning. In its place, a crop of new CEOs – humble, team building, highly communicative – are rising", Chief Executive, http://www.cristassociates.com/press/CEO_riseofnewbreed_0803.pdf, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ a b c Miles, Stephen A.; Bennett, Nathan (June, 2010), "Mastering the move from COO to CEO", Outlook, http://www.accenture.com/us-en/outlook/Pages/outlook-journal-2010-coo-to-ceo-old.aspx, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ MacKay, Karen (2008), "Hooocoo to Hire Your Next Administrator", Law Practice Magazine 34 (3), http://www.americanbar.org/publications/law_practice_home/law_practice_archive/lpm_magazine_articles_v34_is3_pg30.html, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ Bennett, Nathan; Nunes, Paul F. (2008), "Chief Operating Officers: Off to a fast start", Outlook (3), http://www.accenture.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/PDF/OutlookPDF_COO_03.pdf, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ a b Bennett, Nathan; Miles, Stephen A. (June 13, 2006), "The COO: Friend or Foe?", ChiefExecutive.net, http://www.chiefexecutive.net/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=AE18E51872A048FD971322CA78CF2945, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ a b c Bennett, Nathan; Miles, Stephen A. (November 30, 2007), "Making the Most of COOs", MIT Sloan Management Review, http://sloanreview.mit.edu/executive-adviser/articles/2007/6/4969/making-the-most-of-coos/, retrieved 2011-02-08
- ^ Miles, Stephen A.; Nathan Bennett (2006). Riding shotgun: the role of the COO. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Business Books. ISBN 0-8047-5166-8.
- ^ Biography of Don Thompson
- ^ Biography of Janice Fields
Further reading
- Bennett, Nathan; Stephen A. Miles (2006). Riding Shotgun: The Role of the COO. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804751668.
Corporate titles Chief officersChief accounting officer · Chief administrative officer · Chief analytics officer · Chief audit executive · Chief brand officer · Chief business officer · Chief channel officer · Chief commercial officer · Chief communications officer · Chief compliance officer · Chief creative officer · Chief data officer · Chief executive officer · Chief financial officer · Chief human resources officer · Chief information officer · Chief information security officer · Chief knowledge officer · Chief learning officer · Chief legal officer · Chief marketing officer · Chief merchandising officer · Chief networking officer · Chief operating officer · Chief procurement officer · Chief product officer · Chief risk officer · Chief science officer · Chief stores officer · Chief strategy officer · Chief technology officer · Chief visionary officer · Chief web officer Other titles RelatedCategories:
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Gramophone is a British classical music magazine from Haymarket, based in London .
History and profile
Gramophone was founded in 1923 by Compton Mackenzie . Initially, the magazine name was accompanied by the additional description “The world's best classical music magazine”, but it is currently changed to The world's best classical music reviews .
Every year the magazine's critics choose the winners of the Gramophone Awards . Each month, the critics award recordings of classical music with the Gramophone Choice and in the December edition each critic names a selection of four to five important recordings of the year as part of the Gramophone Critics' Choice .
Gramophone Hall of Fame
In 2012 the magazine opened the Gramophone Hall of Fame . It is dedicated to musicians, sound engineers and employees in the classical music industry who have distinguished themselves. Elections are made digitally every year via the magazine's website, which provides a comprehensive shortlist. Everyone who visits the site is entitled to vote. The Hall of Fame is intended to reflect the preferences of the listeners of classical music. In 2012, 50 personalities were added to the classical music world, in 2013 another 40 and since 2014 ten members have been added every spring.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Martin Cullingford: Vote now in the Gramophone Hall of Fame 2017. Gramophone, March 17, 2017, accessed on October 31, 2017 . | https://de.zxc.wiki/wiki/Gramophone |
Jokes, etc.
Jokes, jokes and more jokes
Physics Party
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'Twas The Night Before Christmas, NASA-style
The Fate of the Universe
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Science Shop
QUESTION #256
previous
|
next
What is the angular velocity of the Earth around the Sun? How do we get it?
Asked by: Zahi Assir
Answer
Calculating the angular velocity of the Earth is a deceptively easy task. The reason for this is simple - the angular velocity is defined as the angle subtended in a certain time.
We know the Earth goes round the Sun, all the way around is 2
radians (360 degrees). We also know that it takes a year (approx 365 days) which is therefore about 3.2x10
7
secs.
Therefore
= 2
/ 3.2x10
7
= 2.0x10
-7
rad/s. We have calculated the angular velocity.
However, if we can measure the distance to the Sun we can also calculate the velocity of the Earth relative to the Sun. Although unless we define a direction this is more technically known as the speed. This can be done by looking at the definition of the radian. The radian is a unit which conects the radius of an arc, the length of the arc and the angle subtended by the arc. The formula for this is s = r x
(where s is the length of the arc, r is the radius and
the angle). So if we know the radius of the Earth's orbit (1.5x10
11
m) we can substitute the angular velocity from our previous equation to give v =
x r (where v is the velocity,
the angular velocity and r the radius).
So, the Earth travels through space (relative to the Sun) at: v = 2.0x10
-7
x 6.4x10
6
= 3.0x10
4
m/s
Answered by: Edward Rayne, Physics Undergraduate Student, Cambridge UK
'As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality.'
Albert Einstein
(
1879-1955
)
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Fresh water diversions and dredges are among the methods aimed at slowing Louisiana’s coastal erosion. When the BP oil spill struck, it was containment booms and sand berms. But now, some of the latest tools being deployed to help coastal communities here might be paintbrushes and sculpting chisels. That’s thanks to a new program from the New Orleans-based nonprofit Young Aspirations/Young Artists, better known as YAYA. The program is called Fresh Paths, and it’s bringing public art, community art training, and a lot more to coastal Louisiana parishes.
“Out of that initial impulse to do something beautiful and healing in response to the oil spill, we began to see how Fresh Paths could actually carry a larger message and be both a healing response piece and at the same time a forward-thinking, forward-looking artwork about how we proactively deal with the ecological challenges we deal with here in southern Louisiana,” says Baty Landis, executive director of YAYA.
Her group has long been active in public schools around the New Orleans area, using a model of art training and youth mentoring to help young people express themselves, to channel their energies in positive ways and to prepare them for the future, all while learning the business of art. Kids who experience YAYA during their high school years have the opportunity once they graduate to become mentors back in the schools.
One of them is Rontherin Ratcliff. He started out with the program years ago as a reluctant teenager, but the environment he found, the artists he met and the projects on which he got to work opened his own fresh path. Today, he’s a professional artist and YAYA’s studio director.
“It’s a place they can come, they can be kind of creative, they can share their ideas,” says Ratcliff. “I think what I’ve had to learn through working with the program is that art gives me a voice.”
And this lesson is what he now passes on the young people he mentors at YAYA.
“They have a voice, as youth, as members of a community, and they can use art as that tool to kind of be heard, in their homes, in their community, amongst their peers,” he says.
With Fresh Paths, the YAYA approach is heading to communities and working with young people on the frontlines of Louisiana’s coastal crisis. The particular form of the Fresh Paths artworks — whether painting or installations or some other expressions — will be determined by the youth who take part.
“They can use art to move what they see in their community, or what they see lacking in their community, forward. They can use art to ask for something better, you know?” says Ratcliff. “I guess my idea is that we create something that would reflect hope and this ability to create change.”
For Landis, it’s an opportunity to show the larger community the full impact that art, art training and mentorship can make.
“So we’re really excited to be able to, yes, celebrate our culture and celebrate art, celebrate creative expression,” she says. “But also to demonstrate how powerful that creative expression can be when it’s pivoted to address some of the challenges that we’re living with.”
Written by Ian McNulty for the Community IMPACT Series and produced by WWNO in partnership with the Greater New Orleans Foundation. To learn more about Young Aspirations/Young Artists,click here. | https://www.gnof.org/fresh-paths-coming-soon/ |
Salary £32,000 depending on experience.
Job Summary
To service, with limited commission and install, fire alarm and associated systems in line with the current regulations, liaising with the service department to ensure best practice and achieve first time fix KPI's. To complete and return all company documentation and certification to comply with the company's systems and procedures. To work as a team with colleagues and the senior engineer to build on the company's reputation in quality and customer service.
Principal Responsibilities
- Carry out scheduled routine servicing in a timely, efficient and cost effective manner in line with the Company's quality standards.
- Carry out all other necessary works required at customer premises in accordance with the Company's quality standards.
- Give prompt and efficient attention to emergency call outs received during working hours including outside of working hours if duty engineer.
- Support the rota schedule as required to maintain a reliable and responsive out of hours service for customers (currently 1 week in 8).
- Effectively communicate with customers to ensure a good understanding of system and site status, particularly system defects that affect its correct function.
- Ensure legible and timely completion of all company paperwork in line with Company requirements.
- Be responsible for the management and security of own equipment stock in an efficient and economical manner by determining stock levels in relation to work activities and ordering stock items as and when appropriate.
- Operate in accordance with the Company Handbook and all Company and customer's quality standards and health and safety requirements.
- Pass on any potential leads for further business to the relevant Sales Engineer.
- Discuss any suggestions for system/service improvement with the Senior Engineer.
- Attend training sessions identified by the Company and identify and communicate to the Engineering Manager any personal training and development needs.
Skills:
- Able to work independently.
- Able to plan, implement and complete service activities without assistance.
- Able to operate all required test equipment
- Demonstrates a logical approach to system fault diagnosis and rectification.
- Deal with customers, end-users, construction personnel and in-house staff in a professional manner.
- Verbal and written communication.
Technical knowledge:
- Good understanding of BS5839 Pt:1
- Ideally have knowledge of or completed Units 1,4,5,6 and 8 of BFPSA Training.
- Understands the basic building service systems, e.g. air conditioning systems, with a view to interfacing with them.
- Have an understanding of the causes and cures of fire alarm problems, including an ability to recommend changes to practices and processes that may cause false alarms as well as changes to the fire detection and alarm system.
- Basic Electrical Safety training (ECA)
- Manufacturers training ideally with experience of Notifier and Gent equipment in respect of servicing,
- Manufacturers Training in all other equipment as required. This may include VESDA, Radio, Fire Suppression and will be decided by the Engineering manager based on regional needs.
Note: Specific product training will be arranged within the first 6 months of employment as necessary to meet requirements.
Knowledge / Standards:
- BS5839 Pt1
- BS6266 where required. | https://www.franklyrecruitment.co.uk/job/fire-alarm-service-engineer-170746 |
Awareness. Education. Compassion. Hope.
OCD Wisconsin seeks to raise understanding and reduce stigma, improve access to resources and support, offer hope and improve quality of life through awareness of effective OCD treatment and research.
Founded in 2013 as an Affiliate of the International OCD Foundation (IOCDF), we sponsor events such as our popular “Ask the Experts” community panel discussions and accredited continuing medical education conferences, providing quality, evidence-based resources for individuals with OCD, their families, healthcare providers and communities.
Record Attendance at 2019 OCD Awareness Week Events
|In October, OCD Wisconsin hosted three events in recognition of OCD Awareness Week. Over 100 attendees participated in Madison, Appleton, and Waukesha, screening the film “Unstuck: An OCD Kids Movie,” followed by panel discussions.|
The producer of the film, Chris Baier, added this support:
We can’t thank OCD Wisconsin enough for the screenings for the past 3 years. Every person that attends one of your events and hears your panels furthers community and inspires them. We know how motivating it is when a person, child or family realizes others are struggling and seeking help. You’re doing such great work. We cheer you!
Our sincere thanks to our speakers who generously donated their time and expertise, relating to audience members with equal parts education and empathy. In alphabetical order: | http://ocdwisconsin.org/ |
An inventory is a legally binding document that provides an accurate written record of the condition and contents of a property at the beginning of a tenancy.
Since the introduction of a legal requirement to bond a tenant’s deposit in an approved scheme it has never been more important to have an inventory, preferably prepared by an independent company such as Oakley Jane.
In order to deduct monies from a tenant’s deposit you must be able to demonstrate changes beyond reasonable wear and tear. The only way to do that is with an inventory.
It is only effective if it is accurate, therefore all defects and soiling must be noted. Some landlords do not realise that although descriptions can appear uncomplimentary, it is those descriptions that will allow them to prove whether a tenant caused damage or is liable for cleaning costs.
All furniture, fixtures and fittings are listed with detailed comments shown beside each item:
For example:
"White painted, single panel door - Light scuffs Lower Level Left Hand Side, few minor chips Right Hand Side edge, 1 x nail."
Gardens are described in layman’s terms only. Garden statues, sheds, outbuildings etc will be described as deemed appropriate.
Lofts, cellars and similar areas are not normally covered.
To minimise costs, at Oakley Jane, we exclude items which are of little real value in general terms i.e. ‘a quantity of ...’. Examples of such items are books, tired bedding, used kitchen utensils/tableware etc.
Should a property contain anything considered an antique or of great value we must be notified and, ideally, valuations should be provided.
It is recommended that a property is cleaned to a professional standard for the start of a tenancy paying particular attention to carpets, curtains, upholstery, kitchens and bathrooms.
If an item is soiled at the start of a tenancy a tenant cannot be charged for cleaning it at the end. Landlords are also advised to retain all receipts.
CHECK IN /
KEY HAND OVER
At a Check-in, we will inspect the property and compare it to the inventory.
Any variations will be noted at this time and the tenant will be able to add any marginal notes.
The amended inventory will be emailed over either by the agent or by the inventory clerk once all new photographs have been embedded and additional findings have been noted.
This document known as the ‘final copy’ will also be up-loaded on the Oakley Jane web portal so that a clean copy is always available if required.
In order to authenticate the inventory it must be signed the Tenant or their representatives at the time of the check in.
The Check In clerk will take with the tenants the meter readings (if accessible) and re-take any photographs if changes have occurred between the time of the inventory compilation and the check in.
The Check In Clerk will list all keys issued including all internal, window, shed and garage keys.
We will check smoke detectors & carbon monoxide alarms for power during the check in process and will notify you immediately of any not working.
INTERIM INSPECTION
As well as offering you a first class inventory and check out process, Oakley Jane are now proud to include Management Visits to their list of services.
This service will be carried using Oakley Jane's custom built property inspection application.
These can either be:
-
A regular service throughout a tenancy.
-
A one off as you have concerns.
-
Over a period of a few months if you are unable to carry them out.
-
All visits will be carried out by our fully insured and trained staff.
-
Reports, including full colour photographs of any issues, will be emailed to you within 24 hours of the visit.
CHECK OUT
At the end of the tenancy a Check Out inspection is carried out.
The inventory used for the Check Out is the one updated at Check In with any relevant comments.
Notes are made on the inventory of any variations since the Check In and photographs taken to support the written word.
We will then list the significant differences on a Check Out report including whether these changes are Tenant damage, Further Investigation required, Landlord maintenance or Fair Wear and Tear.
Cleaning is often a major area of dispute. Landlords and tenants are advised to retain all receipts relating to cleaning and repairs carried out before, during or at the end of a tenancy.
The Check Out report is the basis for most claims made by landlords. A claim is most often viewed more favourably if compiled by an independent and unbiased party such as Oakley Jane, particularly by the My Deposits scheme and TDS.
At the Check Out we will also take a record of the closing meter readings if meters are accessible, take photographs and will collect all keys from the Tenant and compare them to the keys issued at the Check In to ascertain any liability for loss or damage.
We will also verbally notify the agent if there are any problems which need immediate attention ie: leaking tap, broken lock, smoke alarms not working. | https://www.oakleyjane.co.uk/our-services |
The invention discloses a video uploading method, device and equipment based on an e-commerce platform and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the mechanical stability augmentation of a camera according to an input stability parameter when the camera is detected to be in a shaking state; determining an inter-frame video sequence in the original video shot by the camera; determining a current frame video in the inter-frame video sequence according to a sequence from back to front in the inter-frame video sequence, and performing perspective warping transformation on the current frame video to obtain a first transformed frame video; determining a next frame of video adjacent to the current frame of video, and performing perspective warping transformation on the next frame of video to obtain a second transformed frame of video; and calculating a compensation value according to the first conversion frame video and the second conversion frame video, performing image data compensation on the original video according to the compensation value corresponding to each frame video in the inter-frame video sequence to obtain a target video, and uploading the target video to a preset e-commerce platform. According to the invention, when the camera shakes, the shot video is clearer. | |
Psychology suggests IQ only contributes 20% to success, with the remainder split across different types of intelligences.
Dr. Howard Gardner’s 1983 book, “Frames of mind”; demonstrates that there are different types, common to all cultures – each with its own pattern of development and brain activity, and each different in kind from the others.
These comprised linguistic, musical and logical/mathematical capacities, as well as spatial and bodily intelligences, and the ability to arrive at an emotional and mental sense of self and other people.
Rather than reducing an individual’s potential to a single score on an IQ test, it is the fostering and education of all of these metrics that should be addressed.
At Inner Circle, we directly sponsor discussions, group programs and one-on-one sessions that encourage growth in Intellectual Quotient (IQ), Emotional Quotient (EQ), Adversity Quotient (AQ) and Creativity Quotient (CQ). We also provide access to specialist practitioners that provide coaching in Spiritual Intelligence (SQ).
Combined, these positively impact the wellbeing of our consultants and contribute to their success. The Standish Group Chaos 2016 report supports our thinking, showing that project and program teams with high EQ alone are three times more likely to deliver successful projects.
These activities encourage new and different ways of thinking by separating traditional layers of understanding, and promote the consulting health and wellbeing of our teams to deliver a more collaborative, supportive, professional and successful experience.
We’re ready to start, are you?
All it takes is a message. | https://innercircle.com.au/about/consultant-programs/ |
SurveyMonkey Apply has 16 different question types to help you collect the data you need within a form task. These questions have different input fields or type of responses the user can enter resulting in more than 16 question configurations. It’s important to choose the right question and configuration so you can collect usable data.
Open-Ended Questions, such as a text response, allow you to gain a bit more insight into your users. You can make a text response question Multiline in order to ask your users to give longer responses or write an essay within the form and even set word limits on the responses they give.
Closed-ended questions, such as multiple choice, or dropdown, etc., allow you to ask your users questions and force them to give a specific answer. This can allow you to then report on how many users chose choice 1 vs choice 2. It also allows you to place a Score or value on the response the user gave or even create an automation based on their response.
Basic questions are the most common and have a straightforward setup.
Each question will have its own setup and configurations available. You can refer to the articles linked below based on the Question type you wish to set up. | https://help.smapply.io/hc/en-us/articles/115001422374--Form-Question-Types-Overview- |
She has attended seminars on Immigration Law, International legislation, Data Protection Law and Administrative Law.
This work was carried out on a contractual basis somewhat than permanently, and dealing age males continued to return home each few years. During her career she has been involved in lots of projects and has advised purchasers on issues similar to “violence against ladies in Turkish Law”. She wrote her undergraduate thesis on “Resources for Avoiding and Preventing Violence towards Women in Turkish Law”. This has remained the dominant sample because the nations within the Persian Gulf, particularly United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait have a common coverage of not naturalising non-Arabs, even when they’re born there. After successive military coups in Fiji of 1987 and 2000, a major variety of Fijian-Indians migrated to Australia; as such there is a large Fijian-Indian population in Australia.
We work seamlessly with groups of specialists to serve your relocation needs, from property investment to training, from asset administration to way of life companies. There are over 28,000 Indian citizens in Armenia, together with those who are in search of permanent residence standing in Armenia, as recorded in 2018. 4-Low software charges, easy and quick utility process, easy necessities, fast access to the Turkish Passport simply within four months. The amounts paid as an installment earlier than September 19, 2018 shall not be taken into consideration. The international foreign money quantities of the installments shall be determined based mostly on the forex trade rate of the Turkish Central Bank on the date of transactions concerning purchasing an actual estate.
As a lawyer myself I can categorically say that he is conscious of his stuff, light, responsive, cares about you and not simply in regards to the money, very skilled. In the primary half of 2018, 10,237 Indians crossed Armenia’s borders, and greater than 2,000 were in search of permanent residence status. New regime has introduced the option to purchase real property in installments offered that an actual estate property should be bought after September 19, 2018 and each installment should be made after September 19, 2018. Please note that this is not a settlement category; as such, the applicant won’t be able to use for settlement after years under this route. Upon a profitable entry clearance software, the applicant shall be granted go away as a Turkish ECAA Worker. For in-country applications, you may have to show that you haven’t been in breach of immigration guidelines in the UK. An preliminary 2 years go away shall be granted to ECAA staff; after which an prolonged period may be granted supplied that they proceed to satisfy the phrases of their visa and don’t law firm istanbul turkey fall for refusal beneath general grounds. This situation had caused great difficulties for foreigners who were not conscious of the legislation.
Applicants might re-acquire Turkish citizenship offered that they don’t have any situation constituting an impediment with respect to Turkish nationwide safety. They might, nevertheless, using the form ECAA 1 Turkish employed, have the flexibility to apply for permission to stay within the United Kingdom.
Our investment for Turkish citizenship practice consists of; shopping for, leasing, and selling residential and industrial properties to each home and overseas customers in Turkey. Our Turkish real estate legal professionals additionally represent our clients in actual property acquisition, we prepare real estate sale contracts or amend the contracts which are ready by the builders. The findings of the ECJ in Tum and Dari is consistent with the aforementioned assertion. Our staff of attorneys are trained and are kept up to date on all the newest developments. We additionally characterize our shoppers throughoutTurkish citizenship applicationprocess until they get their Turkish passport. According to new rules, foreigners can become Turkish residents, if they personal property worth 250,000 or deposit 500,000 US Dollars at a Turkish financial institution for 3 years. Turkey has slashed the financial and investment criteria for foreigners to become Turkish citizens. Our professional immigration lawyers can provide advice and the very best choice available for you. A youngster born to a foreign mom and thru a Turkish father out of wedlock offered that the ideas and procedures ensuring the establishment of descent are met.
Completing the CAPTCHA proves you’re a human and gives you short-term access to the net property. You fell in love in Istanbul and Turkey you then wish to have a residence allow.
SignNow’s web-based program is specifically developed to simplify the management of workflow and enhance the whole process of qualified document management. We are the consultants in providing immigration pathways to our purchasers to work, examine, invest and settle in Turkey and numerous provinces and territories of USA, Canada , UK and Australia through Turkish Citizenship.
If you would possibly be one of those people who are planning to immigrate and confused about authorized necessities or if you have a legal downside related with immigration Lawyer Turkey, you’re in the best place. From individuals and small native companies to the world’s largest firms, we help your whole immigration needs, all over the world. Mirkan has processed dozens of purchasers for us who’ve been making funding in property to acquire citizenship.
To assist us enhance GOV.UK, we’d wish to know extra about your go to today. Selim Law Firm is a Turkish regulation firm in Istanbul that serves world and native purchasers. But if you’re an Erasmus+ internship student or you got here to Turkey just for Turkish Course and should you do not have e-visa or consulate visa you will pay this 1.033,60 TL further. Don’t fear we won’t send you spam or share your e mail address with anybody. Topo Law Firm with its skilled lawyers is the right immigration law agency in Istanbul for you. If you’ve a formulary “Medical Assistance Entitlement Certificate” indicated under, please give one copy to the Istanbul Social Security Directorate in Unkapanı. We help our purchasers with their visas, citizenship, investments and other authorized needs in Turkey. Erasmus Learning college students don`t pay Fee amount and 1.033,60 TL single entry visa fee. We are specialised in issues related to residency, citizenship by funding, organising businesses, property funding and asset management in Turkey. The Social Security Directorate/Center will give a paper in return.
OurTurkish immigration legal professionals are prepared to deal with citizenship software with investment. Legalixa Law Firmis a full service Turkish Immigration Law Firmwith an extended document Turkish citizenship by investment of excellence and professional leadership in Istanbul, Turkey. Our Turkish immigration lawyers additionally symbolize our clients in other Turkish immigration legislation issues including; extending resident and work permits, application for Turkish citizenship, filing a law swimsuit to cancel any objections. OurTurkish immigration lawyersare prepared to deal with work and resident allow functions. Our providers include preparation, legal assist and illustration concerning the sale or buy of an actual property property in Turkey. We do perform authorized providers for property purchase and management for foreign shoppers. | http://saigonxua.ca/turkish-law-firm-citizenship-actual-estate-company-formation-legal-professionals/ |
Misc.
Misc.
Misc.
Instruments, create
DIY modules
With CV
remove all
Midi tools
interfaces (1)
Misc. (1)
Sequencers
With midi (1)
With audio (1)
Synthesizers
Desktop (1)
Exhibitor
Modular Systems: Misc.
Synthesizers: Misc.
Effect units: Misc.
Software: Instruments, create
DIY / OEM: DIY modules
Sequencers: With CV
Patchblocks
Programmable modular synthesizers to patch n play. | https://2016.superbooth.com/en/exhibitors-102.html?af_filter%5B4%5D%5B%5D=13&af_filter%5B7%5D%5B%5D=25&af_filter%5B3%5D%5B%5D=7&af_filter%5B9%5D%5B%5D=31&af_filter%5B2%5D%5B%5D=8&af_filter%5B6%5D%5B%5D=21 |
Like people, buildings age. Even under the best of circumstances, weather – particularly water, in the form of rain, snow, and ice – followed by or combined with extremes in temperature can do permanent damage to facades, cornices, parapets and other ornamental features, as well as to rear and side elevations. These problems can be exacerbated by design flaws or neglected maintenance. Often, it’s not until a thorough inspection, a leak issue – or worse, an incident where something falls from a facade and strikes someone on the ground below – that the signs of a problem become evident. That’s why it’s so crucial that the signs are noticed before damage is done.
The Causes of Facade Deterioration
“Structurally, a lot of issues we come across may be due to improper design,” says Rhocel Bon, a senior associate at Klein & Hoffman, a national engineering firm with offices in Chicago and Philadelphia. “We see flaws resulting from design, and even more from lack of maintenance, or deferred maintenance. With a brick building for example, if there isn’t a tuckpointing program, you’ll find that after some years, the mortar joints start to weather. Water enters the wall cavity, which can cause problems to the underlying steel.”
Tuckpointing is a maintenance method for mortar joints that involves removing the outer inch or so of existing mortar and replacing it with new mortar. The existing mortar must be tested first, to insure that the strength of the new and old mortar is the same. Bon explains that applying replacement mortar that is stronger than the original material will only cause additional problems. The same is true of the converse; the new mortar shouldn’t be weaker than the old mortar either.
“Most of the time, the biggest factor in New York City — as well as other cold climates — is the freeze,” says Eric Janczyk of Nova Restoration, a facade maintenance and restoration company located in Brooklyn, New York. “Both heat and cold have their own issues. In winter, you have the snow and ice hitting the building, and moisture can infiltrate the building. Then it freezes up and can expand, causing pressure from within the walls, that can in turn cause areas of the facade to bulge and displace. Rain can also get behind the bricks, which can create structural issues behind the facade. Exposure to the elements – sun, wind, rain, and snow – impacts sealants, making them age more quickly. The sealants can become ‘gummy.’ This is especially true on east-facing facades and elevations. Be it cold or warm weather, water can then cause erosion of the underlying steel.”
Another cause of deterioration on facades is pollution, though that damage is mostly aesthetic. The effects of pollution on stone – particularly limestone – are well known. It can turn the normally buff-colored stone black. The stone is porous and made more so by the effects of pollution, further weakening the facade and facilitating water infiltration leading back to the problems described above.
The Useful Life of a Facade
‘Useful life’ is a concept from accounting and appraisal that assesses how long something can realistically last, given the environmental stressors and regular wear-and-tear it’s subjected to on a daily basis. Nothing lasts forever – and different building components have different useful lives. For example, the useful life of a roof might be 25 to 30 years, while the longevity of a boiler might be 40 or even 50 years. According to Janczyk: “The life of a facade is initially 50 to 60 years – but many buildings built in the 1970s didn’t demonstrate that. A lot of them were constructed with poorly-made glazed brick, and a lot of them are need of repair now. In those buildings, the useful life of the facade is more like 25 or 30 years. That’s the result of poor construction and/or poor materials. Who built a property, when it was built, and what it was built of are all major factors.”
Repairing and Maintaining Your Facade
Both Janczyk and Bon suggest that facades, as well as side and rear elevations, be inspected for damage assessment every three to five years, whether they fall under required local inspection guidelines or not. They both agree that newer buildings should be inspected a little more often than not, as older buildings were simply built better.
If a problem or defect is found, in most cases the first step will be to install a building canopy—also known as a sidewalk shed or a girdle—to prevent anyone from being struck by falling building materials. Over the past few decades there have been incidents of facade collapse causing fatal injuries all over the country. These tragedies could have been avoided with regularly scheduled inspections and the installation of canopies. While no-one likes the canopies, and many municipalities are seeking to limit the time an owner can keep one up around their building, they are a necessary eyesore. “Despite complaints, we are not overdoing it with canopies,” says Janczyk.
“The first priority,” says Bon, “is to secure any kind of hazard that may fall. Then we go up with scaffolding and touch the surface to see if anything is displaced. With masonry you are looking for corrosion, rust, etc. We check the sealant around parapets and windows. Terracotta is difficult to inspect, because much of the seal isn’t visible. We test it by sound and feel. We do something similar with concrete. We tap it. Dilapidated concrete has a distinct sound.”
Beginning restoration work depends on what problems are found. Much of it also depends on the client and how soon they want to act – which is one reason sidewalk canopies often stay up so long. The cost of repairs can be high, and the property owner may want to protect against liability from falling debris, but not complete the work immediately. Bon says he has seen building owners and administrators delay recommended work for as long as a year, depending on the client’s financial situation and sense of urgency.
For his part, Janczyk points out that it makes sense to complete all the work necessary at one time regardless of the costs, because if you don’t, each time you do some portion of the work, you will have to put up and take down the canopy, which is a very expensive proposition. “Once you’ve done the mobilization for the project, it’s best to finish it at one time,” he advises.
And Then There’s Cleaning...
In addition to damage that might need to be repaired, facades should be cleaned at regular intervals to remove dust, pollution stains, and other aging factors that dull their original brilliance. Victor Cruz, a former account manager with Cliffhangers, a Massachusetts-based firm that provides cleaning services for facades and windows throughout New England, said: “Different surfaces present different types of cleaning problems; the most difficult surface to clean is stucco – but even glass can get permanently stained. The frequency of cleaning depends on the owners, but we believe it helps keep up curb appeal.”
Landmarks
Landmark buildings, common in all cities, present special challenges for facade restoration. “Matching materials is especially important for landmark buildings, though we try to do it everywhere,” says Bon. “Local landmark authorities will insist on at least somewhat similar products for repair. For instance, if you have a terracotta building, they want you to use terracotta for any needed repairs. There are other materials that mimic terracotta and that the Chicago Landmarks Commission will approve, but for the most part officials want us to use the same materials.”
Janczyk details the process: “If it’s a landmark, when the architect files for a permit with the Department of Buildings, they must also file plans with the Landmarks Commission. Landmarks reviews it, and you need to follow their guidelines. They are looking for the aesthetics, and may specify that they want materials approval. We then have to give them samples.”
Bon adds that “even when a building isn’t a landmark, a good architect or engineer will attempt to match materials to keep a facade looking uniform and attractive.” He also points out that due to weathering and normal aging, no brand-new brick will exactly match the patina of the old brickwork.
Bon mentions that glass buildings should also be inspected for facade damage on a regular basis. He says that when a replacement piece is needed, “we use the same type of glass if available to get the same kind of reflectiveness from the street. You don’t want the replacement to look like replacement glass.”
What co-op and condominium owners should keep in mind when it comes to facade maintenance and restoration is that like any component of your property, the facade must be kept intact and properly maintained. Not doing so can only lead to more serious problems – and early signs of those problems are rarely noticeable to the untrained eye, to say nothing of the difficulty of seeing them from street level. As with all major systems, it’s vital to keep your capital reserve adequately funded against a major problem, and to have inspections done regularly. And stop harping on those sidewalk sheds – they’re there to keep you safe.
A J Sidransky is a staff writer/reporter for New England Condominium, and a published novelist. | https://newenglandcondo.com/article/facade-restoration |
Have you ever considered starting something new, but didn’t follow through because you thought you were too old? If you answered “yes” then you’re probably ready for a shift in your mindset. There is no age limit on learning new things. I firmly believe that pursing new interests and learning new things helps to keep people mentally spry.
As Betty White once said, “Don’t try to be young. Just open your mind. Stay interested in stuff. There are so many things I won’t live long enough to find out about, but I’m still curious about them.” Everyone knows, curiosity is best fed with learning.
Last summer we signed our son up for Martial Arts. As a parent it appealed to me because it combines physical and mental training, as well as flexibility. As my husband and I watched our son in classes we both thought it looked like a lot of fun. The instructor, Master McClements, was very good, while also being very kind and patient.
Watching our son start Martial Arts
After watching our son during a few classes we inquired about adult lessons. We started with private lessons to prepare us to join the adult classes. We needed a foundation of skills before we were ready for a group lesson.
Having a background in fitness helped us to catch on quickly, however, I was happy to see a variety of skills sets and ages in the class. Master McClements told us about a student he was training who started Martial Arts in his 70s as a way to manage Parkinson’s symptoms. My husband and I are both Occupational Therapists and we work with the geriatric population. We have both read a significant amount of research on the benefits of exercise for Parkinson’s and I was impressed by our instructor’s ability to modify and teach for multiple skill levels. I share this as a reminder that a good martial arts instructor will be able to teach you at any age and skill level. Different martial arts forms have different focuses.
Do Your Research
Do a little bit of research into your local dojos to see what each form is focused on. For example:
-Tang Soo Do (the primary training style we are learning) is primarily a standing martial art with less focus on grappling and a combination of hand and leg techniques. You learn both defensive and offensive skills. You learn both the art of the forms and the application. (*Our instructor is also studying Jiu Jitsu so we also get some additional instruction incorporating some of these techniques).
–Brazilian Jiu Jitsu is focused more on grappling, ground fighting techniques and submission holds.
–Taekwondo is often recognized for it’s kicking techniques, but also incorporates hand techniques. Many schools focus on competitions and this style is also an Olympic event.
–Capoeria utilizes a unique combination of movements that combines ground positions, acrobatic techniques and sweeping motions.
This is not an exhaustive list. There are many forms of martial arts and often Master instructors learn more than one form, which influences their teaching style. Also, I am at the beginning of my learning process, so the descriptions above are very simplified.
What to Expect in Class
All teachers run classes a bit differently, and I am sure this is even more evident when you compare different martial art styles. Our classes always start with a short breathing meditation and a warm-up. I like to get to class a little early for a longer warm-up and stretching session.
In class we line up according to rank, with the more senior students in the front and newer students in the back. Our classes vary from performing basic kicking and punching techniques across the floor, practicing forms (a traditionally choreographed sequence of movements), sparring, and learning specific techniques such as safe falls, self defense, and sometimes board breaking techniques.
Remember, as a new student it can be humbling to realize how much you don’t know. Everyone starts with zero knowledge. Be open to learning and receiving feedback on your progress.
I asked my husband (Jesse) what he would most like to share about class. He said that it’s a phenomenal way to combat spending so much time seated for work. It’s helped him to achieve focus on flexibility. He’s a runner and isn’t a fan of stretching, but getting his kicks higher and keeping his body healthy through martial arts has inspired him to be more consistent with his stretching routine. It’s also helped him with meditation. He struggles with seated meditation, but is able to achieve a meditative state while practicing martial arts movements. It also helps him to manage stress and any pent up aggression in a healthy format.
I am especially partial to the self defense techniques. I like knowing that I am learning foundational skills to protect myself if I ever find myself in a scary position. As a female and a runner I am always aware of my surroundings and my safety. Almost every female runner (and some male runners) I know have experienced harassment while out on a run. While nothing can make me immune to harassment (until the people doing the harassing stop) I feel better having some knowledge and techniques to fall back on.
Tournaments
Tournaments are optional, and aren’t a mandatory part of our training. When we first started training and Master McClements mentioned competing in a tournament I didn’t know if it was something I was interested in. However, a month after we started training Jesse and I competed in our first tournament. The tournament was separated into divisions based on age, gender and belt rank. The grand championship was a competition of the winners from each category and was not divided by age or gender.
Jesse competed in board breaking and forms, and won Gold for Breaking and Silver for Forms. I competed in board breaking, forms and sparring. I won gold in forms and board breaking, and silver in sparring. I also qualified for the Grand Championship competition and was the overall winner.
It was a very fun experience, and I learned a lot by seeing people with different backgrounds competing.
Continuing Training
Jesse and I are still beginners in our learning. At 7-months of practice we have both progressed from White Belt to Yellow and are currently Orange Belts. Soon we will be testing to be promoted to the next belt level (Orange with a white stripe). That means performing specific forms, sparring techniques and completing specific board breaking techniques.
I look forward to progressing the skills that we are learning. It’s a lot of fun, and a unique and new challenge. I also love that it’s something we can do and practice as a family. My husband and I have fun Martial Arts date nights complete with sparring techniques. We also practice at home with our son, and our daughter is already starting to imitate some of the movements.
If you have any specific questions about what it has been like to start martial arts as an adult, please let me know in the comments below.
Melissa
You can find me on Social Media: @BenderFitness and on Facebook: @MelissaBenderFitness
If you want to help support BenderFitness so we can keep bringing you new workouts, your donation is greatly appreciated: https://www.patreon.com/BenderFitness. | https://www.benderfitness.com/2022/02/starting-martial-arts-as-an-adult.html |
Hitachi Sunway owns and operates Data Centers, which are telco neutral in Malaysia. We offer our customers an environment that is telco neutral with fast, secured and reliable options from our range of local, national and international carriers. We strive to provide an agnostic network and service where our customers can benefit from a range of choices, control and resilience that is affordable and high quality.
Our Data Center operations are certified in ISO20000, ISO27001 and ISO50001 to provide our customers a superior quality in IT Service Management. Our services framework is designed with our customers in mind and we continuously engage with our customers for service improvement and best practices. | https://www.hitachi-sunway-is.com/cloud-security-infrastructure-services/it-services-consultancy/data-centre-design-build-operate |
Since 2002, Google has honored 25 historical people with custom-made versions of the Google logo, displayed for one day on the Google homepage.
Judging by the people Google have selected so far, don’t expect any WWF wrestling stars to show up anytime soon. It’s an elite collection of highly influential scientists, artist and architects who have made their mark on human history and culture.
Here they are, all 25 of them, in reverse chronological order.
René Magritte : (1898 - 1967) Belgian surrealist artist, famous for his often witty and amusing images.
Marc Chagall : (1887 - 1985) Russian Jewish modernist artist. He was a pioneer of modernism and one of the most successful artists of the twentieth century.
Diego Velázquez : (1599 - 1660) Spanish painter and portrait artist, many of his famous paintings depicting scenes of historical and cultural significance, royalty and notable European figures of the time.
Walter Gropius : (1883 - 1969) German architect, founder of Bauhaus and a pioneer of modern architecture.
Alexander Graham Bell : (1847 - 1922) Scientist and inventor famous for, among other things, inventing the telephone.
Luciano Pavarotti : (1935 - 2007) Italian opera singer, part of “The Three Tenors” and one of the world’s most famous vocal artists.
Yuri Gagarin : (1934 - 1968) Soviet cosmonaut who was the first man in space and the first to orbit Earth.
Edvard Munch : (1863 - 1944) Norwegian symbolist painter, known for his expressionistic art. His painting The Scream is one of the most recognizable in all art (and indeed the one Google used as basis for the themed logo).
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle : (1859 - 1930) British author mostly known for his novels about Sherlock Holmes, one of the most famous fictional characters of all time.
Percival Lowell : (1855 - 1916) American astronomer (among other things) famous for his study of Mars and founder of the Lowell Observatory, which after his death discovered Pluto.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : (1756 - 1791) Austrian musical prodigy and one of the most popular classical composers of all time.
Martin Luther King Jr. : (1929 - 1968) African American minister, probably most famous for his work against racial segregation and discrimination, which also earned him the Nobel Peace Prize.
Louis Braille : (1809 - 1852) The inventor of braille, a widely used reading and writing system for the blind and visually impaired (he was blind himself).
Frank Lloyd Wright : (1867 - 1959) American architect and interior designer. The American Institute of Architecture has named him “the greatest American architect of all time”.
Leonardo da Vinci : (1452 - 1519) Italian polymath, doing groundbreaking work as a scientist, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter and more. Often described the archetypal Renaissance man and one of the most widely talented people of all time.
Vincent van Gogh : (1853 - 1890) Dutch Post-Impressionist artist and a pioneer of Expressionism. And yes, he’s the one who cut off part of his own ear.
Ray Charles : (1930 - 2004) American pianist and soul singer. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him as number two on its list of the 100 greatest singers of all time.
Gaston Julia : (1893 - 1978) French mathematician who devised the formula for the Julia set, common for generating fractals.
Alfred Hitchcock : (1899 - 1980) British film director and producer, a pioneer of the suspense and psychological thriller genres. He is one of the best-known filmmakers of all time.
M. C. Escher : (1898 - 1972) Dutch graphic artist, famous for his mathematically inspired images of impossible constructions and geometric figures.
Albert Einstein : (1879 - 1955) German theoretical physicist, best known for his theory of relativity but contributed greatly to multiple fields within physics, for which he also received the Nobel Prize in Physics. He is regarded as one of the most influential people in human history.
Michelangelo : (1475 - 1564) Italian painter, sculptor, architect and engineer. Together with Leonardo da Vinci, he is often cited as the archetypal Renaissance man.
Pablo Picasso : 1881 - 1973) Andalusian-Spanish painter and sculptor. Famous for (among other things) founding the Cubist movement. He also has one of the longest full names we’ve ever seen.
Andy Warhol : (1928 - 1987) American artist and illustrator and a well-known figure in the Pop Art movement. In addition to his many works of art, he is also famous for being the originator of the concept of “15 minutes of fame”.
Piet Mondrian : (1872 - 1944) Dutch painter and an important contributor to the abstract De Stijl art movement. | http://www.13above.com/2009/01/top-25-people-celebrated-by-google.html |
Video Version:
https://youtu.be/dsarWbOjDXs
Aloha, Mamas. In this episode we life chat on why claiming and allowing that we all judge- ourselves, one another, all the time is a liberating realization. When we allow ourselves to be judges, we are invited to drop the limiting beliefs behind all the “If……Then” statements that contain us and devalue our experience. We can choose to come into vertical alignment with our spiritual side and to surrender all the ways we once sought lasting peace and contentment with horizontal things/possessions/relationships. Come judge this episode and judge yourself with kindness and radical compassion. Judging is as natural as breathing. We were made to judge scenarios and compare and contrast and evaluate. Let’s choose to do so moving forward in Mamamentum with our powerful feminine energy, harnessing our creativity, our empathy, our radical compassion. Let’s pivot from judgment being a “bad” thing and pretending like we don’t do it, to accepting it/claiming it/validating it and cultivating an awareness around when we are doing it. From there we can choose to take loving action into deepening our perspective and knowledge and ultimately leading a more impactful, fulfilling, meaningful life. Releasing the “If…..Then” statements we have carried around far too long, this spiritual surrendering to our Inner Knowing, the Highest Version of ourselves that is aligned vertically with our Spiritual Being, this is choosing peace in our life over the overwhelm. In this reverent gesture, we can overcome the peace we seek and yet will never find from things in the horizontal: the things of this world in the form of accomplishments/relationships/material goods that can never bring us the joy, grace, community, validation, hope, and love that we are divinely designed to pursue, enjoy, as well as emanate to others. | https://www.mamamindset.com/podcasts/mama-mindset-podcast/episodes/2147699737 |