---
task_categories:
- feature-extraction
language:
- en
tags:
- physics
- astrophysics
- high energy physics
- science
pretty_name: Astro-HEP Corpus
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
---


# Dataset Card for Astro-HEP Corpus

**Astro-HEP-Corpus** consists of approximately 21.8 million paragraphs extracted from more than 600,000 scholarly articles related to astrophysics or high energy physics or both. All articles were published between 1986 and 2022 (inclusive) on the open-access archive <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://arxiv.org/" >arXiv.org</a>.

The final dataset has the following columns:


|Column|Description|
|:----------:|:-:|
|*Text*|Full text of the paragraph|
|*Characters*|Number of unicode characters in the paragraph|
|*Subwords*|Number of BERT subwords in the paragraph|
|*arXiv ID*|Identifier of the parent article provided by arXiv|
|*Year*|Year of the first publication of the parent article|
|*Month*|Month of the first publication of the parent article|
|*Day*|Day of the first publication of the parent article|
|*Position*|Position in the sequence of paragraphs in the article|

The corpus served as training data for the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://huggingface.co./arnosimons/astro-hep-bert">Astro-HEP-BERT</a> model. For further insights into the corpus, the model, and the underlying research project (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.3030/101044932" >Network Epistemology in Practice</a>) please refer to this paper [link coming soon].

<!-- <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="">Astro-HEP-BERT paper</a>. -->

## Construction

The articles were selected using the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv" >original arXiv metadata file</a> and the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://arxiv.org/category_taxonomy" >original arXiv taxonomy</a>, which comprises four primary categories for high energy physics (hep-ex, hep-lat, hep-ph, and hep-th) and one primary category for astrophysics (astro-ph). The latter includes six subcategories (astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.EP, astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.IM, and astro-ph.SR). <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.pandoc.org/" >Pandoc</a> was used to extract plain text from the original latex files sourced from arXiv.org. In addition, all in-text citations were replaced with the marker "[CIT]" and all multiline mathematical expressions were replaced with with "FORMULA". Mathematical expressions in the inline math mode (e.g. "$...$") remained unaltered. To parse the plain text versions of the articles into their respective paragraphs, no specialized parser was necessary because, owing to the requirements of the LaTeX markup language and the parsing already performed by Pandoc, all paragraphs could be parsed by straightforward newline splitting. Additional cleaning was performed to remove noisy paragraphs (see here [link coming soon]).