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README.md
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## Model description
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**docusco-bert** is a fine-tuned BERT model that is ready to use for **token classification**. The model was trained on data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English ([COCA](https://www.english-corpora.org/coca/)) and classifies tokens and token sequences according to a system developed for the [**DocuScope**](https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/english/research-and-publications/docuscope.html) dictionary-based tagger. Descriptions of the categories are included in a table below.
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## About DocuScope
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DocuScope is a dicitonary-based tagger that has been developed at Carnegie Mellon University by **David Kaufer** and **Suguru Ishizaki** since the early 2000s. Its categories are rhetorical in their orientation (as opposed to part-of-speech tags, for example, which are morphosyntactic).
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DocuScope has been been used in [a wide variety of studies](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=docuscope&btnG=). Here, for example, is [a short analysis of King Lear](https://graphics.cs.wisc.edu/WP/vep/2017/02/14/guest-post-data-mining-king-lear/), and here is [a published study of Tweets](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2055207619844865).
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## Intended uses & limitations
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#### How to use
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForTokenClassification
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from transformers import pipeline
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("browndw/docusco-bert")
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model = AutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("browndw/docusco-bert")
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nlp = pipeline("ner", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
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example = "Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide."
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ds_results = nlp(example)
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print(ds_results)
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```
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## Training data
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This model was fine-tuned on data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English ([COCA](https://www.english-corpora.org/coca/)). The training data contain
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## Training procedure
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### Overall
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metric|test
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f1 |.
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accuracy |.
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### By category
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category|precision|recall|f1-score|support
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AcademicTerms|0.
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AcademicWritingMoves|0.
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Character|0.
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Citation|0.
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CitationAuthority|0.
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CitationHedged|0.
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ConfidenceHedged|0.
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ConfidenceHigh|0.
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ConfidenceLow|0.
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Contingent|0.
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Description|0.
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Facilitate|0.
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FirstPerson|0.
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ForceStressed|0.
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Future|0.
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InformationChange|0.
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InformationChangeNegative|0.
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InformationChangePositive|0.
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InformationExposition|0.
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InformationPlace|0.
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InformationReportVerbs|0.
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InformationStates|0.
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InformationTopics|0.
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Inquiry|0.
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Interactive|0.
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MetadiscourseCohesive|0.
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MetadiscourseInteractive|0.
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Narrative|0.
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Negative|0.
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Positive|0.
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PublicTerms|0.
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Reasoning|0.
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Responsibility|0.
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Strategic|0.
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SyntacticComplexity|0.
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Uncertainty|0.
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Updates|0.
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micro
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macro
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weighted
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## DocuScope Category Descriptions
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bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
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}
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```
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## Model description
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**docusco-bert** is a fine-tuned BERT model that is ready to use for **token classification**. The model was trained on data sampled from the Corpus of Contemporary American English ([COCA](https://www.english-corpora.org/coca/)) and classifies tokens and token sequences according to a system developed for the [**DocuScope**](https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/english/research-and-publications/docuscope.html) dictionary-based tagger. Descriptions of the categories are included in a table below.
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## About DocuScope
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DocuScope is a dicitonary-based tagger that has been developed at Carnegie Mellon University by **David Kaufer** and **Suguru Ishizaki** since the early 2000s. Its categories are rhetorical in their orientation (as opposed to part-of-speech tags, for example, which are morphosyntactic).
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DocuScope has been been used in [a wide variety of studies](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=docuscope&btnG=). Here, for example, is [a short analysis of King Lear](https://graphics.cs.wisc.edu/WP/vep/2017/02/14/guest-post-data-mining-king-lear/), and here is [a published study of Tweets](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2055207619844865).
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## Intended uses & limitations
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#### How to use
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForTokenClassification
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from transformers import pipeline
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("browndw/docusco-bert")
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model = AutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("browndw/docusco-bert")
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nlp = pipeline("ner", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
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example = "Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide."
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ds_results = nlp(example)
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print(ds_results)
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```
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## Training data
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This model was fine-tuned on data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English ([COCA](https://www.english-corpora.org/coca/)). The training data contain chunks of text randomly sampled of 5 text-types: Academic, Fiction, Magazine, News, and Spoken.
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Typically, BERT models are trained on sentence segments. However, DocuScope tags can span setences. Thus, data were split into chunks that don't split **B + I** sequences and end with sentence-final punctuation marks (i.e., period, quesiton mark or exclamaiton point).
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Additionally, the order of the chunks was randomized prior to sampling, and statified sampling was used to provide enough training data for low-frequency caegories. The resulting training data consist of:
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* 21,460,177 tokens
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* 15,796,305 chunks
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The specific counts for each category appear in the following table.
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Category|Count
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O|3528038
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Syntactic Complexity|2032808
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Character|1413771
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Description|1224744
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Narrative|1159201
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Negative|651012
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Academic Terms|620932
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Interactive|594908
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Information Exposition|578228
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Positive|463914
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Force Stressed|432631
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Information Topics|394155
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First Person|249744
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Metadiscourse Cohesive|240822
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Strategic|238255
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Public Terms|234213
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Reasoning|213775
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Information Place|187249
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Information States|173146
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Information ReportVerbs|119092
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Confidence High|112861
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Confidence Hedged|110008
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Future|96101
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Inquiry|94995
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Contingent|94860
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Information Change|89063
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Metadiscourse Interactive|84033
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Updates|81424
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Citation|71241
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Facilitate|50451
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Uncertainty|35644
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Academic WritingMoves|29352
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Information ChangePositive|28475
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Responsibility|25362
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Citation Authority|22414
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Information ChangeNegative|15612
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Confidence Low|2876
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Citation Hedged|895
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Total|15796305
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## Training procedure
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### Overall
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metric|test
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f1 |.927
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accuracy |.943
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### By category
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category|precision|recall|f1-score|support
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AcademicTerms|0.91|0.92|0.92|486399
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AcademicWritingMoves|0.76|0.82|0.79|20017
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Character|0.94|0.95|0.94|1260272
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Citation|0.92|0.94|0.93|50812
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CitationAuthority|0.86|0.88|0.87|17798
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CitationHedged|0.91|0.94|0.92|632
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ConfidenceHedged|0.94|0.96|0.95|90393
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ConfidenceHigh|0.92|0.94|0.93|113569
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ConfidenceLow|0.79|0.81|0.80|2556
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Contingent|0.92|0.94|0.93|81366
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Description|0.87|0.89|0.88|1098598
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Facilitate|0.87|0.90|0.89|41760
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FirstPerson|0.96|0.98|0.97|330658
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ForceStressed|0.93|0.94|0.93|436188
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Future|0.90|0.93|0.92|93365
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InformationChange|0.88|0.91|0.89|72813
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InformationChangeNegative|0.83|0.85|0.84|12740
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InformationChangePositive|0.82|0.86|0.84|22994
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InformationExposition|0.94|0.95|0.95|468078
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InformationPlace|0.95|0.96|0.96|147688
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InformationReportVerbs|0.91|0.93|0.92|95563
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InformationStates|0.95|0.95|0.95|139429
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InformationTopics|0.90|0.92|0.91|328152
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Inquiry|0.85|0.89|0.87|79030
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Interactive|0.95|0.96|0.95|602857
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MetadiscourseCohesive|0.97|0.98|0.98|195548
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MetadiscourseInteractive|0.92|0.94|0.93|73159
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Narrative|0.92|0.94|0.93|1023452
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Negative|0.88|0.89|0.88|645810
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Positive|0.87|0.89|0.88|409775
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PublicTerms|0.91|0.92|0.91|184108
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Reasoning|0.93|0.95|0.94|169208
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Responsibility|0.83|0.87|0.85|21819
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Strategic|0.88|0.90|0.89|193768
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SyntacticComplexity|0.95|0.96|0.96|1635918
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Uncertainty|0.87|0.91|0.89|33684
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Updates|0.91|0.93|0.92|77760
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-|-|-|-|-
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micro avg|0.92|0.93|0.93|10757736
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macro avg|0.90|0.92|0.91|10757736
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weighted avg|0.92|0.93|0.93|10757736
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## DocuScope Category Descriptions
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bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
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}
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```
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