---
tags:
- dna
---

# GENA-LM Yeast 🍞 (gena-lm-bert-base-yeast)

GENA-LM is a Family of Open-Source Foundational Models for Long DNA Sequences.

`gena-lm-bert-base-yeast` is trained on the baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) genome.

## Model description
GENA-LM (`gena-lm-bert-base-yeast`) model is trained with a masked language model (MLM) objective, following data preprocessing methods pipeline in the BigBird paper and by masking 15% of tokens. Model config for `gena-lm-bert-base-yeast` is similar to the bert-base:

- 512 Maximum sequence length
- 12 Layers, 12 Attention heads
- 768 Hidden size
- 32k Vocabulary size

We pre-trained `gena-lm-bert-base-yeast` on data obtained from [O’Donnell et al.](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-023-01459-y) and includes telomere-to-telomere assemblies of 142 strains. Specific accessions are available [here](https://github.com/AIRI-Institute/GENA_LM/tree/main/data/yeasts/ENA_PRJEB59413_assmebly_links.tsv).
Pre-training was performed for 3,325,000 iterations with batch size 256 and sequence length was equal to 512 tokens. We modified Transformer to use [Pre-Layer normalization](https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.04745). We upload the checkpoint with the best loss on validation set.

Source code and data: https://github.com/AIRI-Institute/GENA_LM

Paper: https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/53/2/gkae1310/7954523

## Examples

### How to load pre-trained model for Masked Language Modeling
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('AIRI-Institute/gena-lm-bert-base-yeast')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('AIRI-Institute/gena-lm-bert-base-yeast', trust_remote_code=True)

```

### How to load pre-trained model to fine-tune it on classification task
Get model class from GENA-LM repository:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/AIRI-Institute/GENA_LM.git
```

```python
from GENA_LM.src.gena_lm.modeling_bert import BertForSequenceClassification
from transformers import AutoTokenizer

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('AIRI-Institute/gena-lm-bert-base-yeast')
model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('AIRI-Institute/gena-lm-bert-base-yeast')
```
or you can just download [modeling_bert.py](https://github.com/AIRI-Institute/GENA_LM/tree/main/src/gena_lm) and put it close to your code.

OR you can get model class from HuggingFace AutoModel:
```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('AIRI-Institute/gena-lm-bert-base-yeast', trust_remote_code=True)
gena_module_name = model.__class__.__module__
print(gena_module_name)
import importlib
# available class names:
# - BertModel, BertForPreTraining, BertForMaskedLM, BertForNextSentencePrediction,
# - BertForSequenceClassification, BertForMultipleChoice, BertForTokenClassification,
# - BertForQuestionAnswering
# check https://huggingface.co./docs/transformers/model_doc/bert
cls = getattr(importlib.import_module(gena_module_name), 'BertForSequenceClassification')
print(cls)
model = cls.from_pretrained('AIRI-Institute/gena-lm-bert-base-yeast', num_labels=2)
```

## Evaluation
For evaluation results, see our paper: https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/53/2/gkae1310/7954523


## Citation
```bibtex
@article{GENA_LM,
    author = {Fishman, Veniamin and Kuratov, Yuri and Shmelev, Aleksei and Petrov, Maxim and Penzar, Dmitry and Shepelin, Denis and Chekanov, Nikolay and Kardymon, Olga and Burtsev, Mikhail},
    title = {GENA-LM: a family of open-source foundational DNA language models for long sequences},
    journal = {Nucleic Acids Research},
    volume = {53},
    number = {2},
    pages = {gkae1310},
    year = {2025},
    month = {01},
    issn = {0305-1048},
    doi = {10.1093/nar/gkae1310},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae1310},
    eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/53/2/gkae1310/61443229/gkae1310.pdf},
}
```